I'm not interested in becoming a pilot, but learning about airplanes is so fascinating! Thanks for posting your videos, Captain Joe. Watching them is like getting an insiders look into the cockpit, and its seriously eye-opening! Greetings from Michigan. :)
Hey Joe, I’m 26 and I’m flying a Piper PA-28 Cherokee and I’m still in training. But your videos make me just that little more confident to keep going and get my PPL. Maybe one day we’ll be colleges if I get true and get my CPL haha. Keep posting your videos man, they are true inspiration for all people that fly or have a fascination with aviation! Wish you all the best!
Anton Martic technically your right, honestly I don't think that's what he meant but you right, and I could find the ils info on Google with a quick search so I think that counts as published
Anton Martic okay take Kunduz Airport with the German Air Force Afghanistan Approach, you have a dive angle of 45° ;) its a pure Horror in the Cargo Compartment of a C-160 Transall
One of the steepest approaches within the CONUS is the LOC/DME approach to Aspen, CO, which has a final approach segment with a recommended approach glideslope of 6.59°. I nominate Sion, Switzerland (LSGS). Lugano LUG/LSZA has an approach of 6.65°.
I've been working on ILSs for 33 years. 25 years with the USAF traveling around the globe fixing them and 8 years so far with the Federal Aviation Administration - National Airway Systems Engineering section. I've written several ILS simulation programs and a smart phone app to help techs understand how the ILS works and help them during FAA flight inspections (ILS Toolkit on Google Play). Your video is very informative from a pilot's perspective and I applaud you. I've learned some things that I didn't know. However, the details about how the ILS actually works is very over simplified. The diagrams I see on sites such as Wikipedia depicting two overlapping lobes of 90/150Hz are cringeworthy. A typical Localizer system consists of an array of 14 Log Periodic Dipole (LPD) antennas. These are very directional antennas working together to form a narrow beam. We also use arrays of 8 or 20 elements. 20 elements make the beam even narrower to avoid multipath reflections from hangars/buildings near the runway. A simple single-frequency Localizer has 2 RF (Radio Frequency) signals feeding the antennas (CSB and SBO). CSB is Carrier+Sidebands and SBO is Sidebands Only. CSB is amplitude modulated with 90 and 150Hz audio tones at a depth of 20% per tone and they are in phase. What drives the CDI needle movement is the DDM (Difference in Depth of Modulation) between these two tones. So with CSB only, it would always appear that you are on centerline even if you're not because the difference between 20% and 20% is zero. There would be no current flow in the CDI so it is centered. If a tech shuts off SBO we call this HMI (Hazardously Misleading Information). CSB is fed to the left and right antennas in-phase. So at any observation point down the center of the runway the signals from then left and right antennas arrive in phase and add together because they have the same distance to travel and are equal magnitudes. This creates a maximum CSB beam on centerline. As you deviate from centerline, the CSB lobe weakens because the signals begin to become out of phase until they are 180° out and a null occurs because they cancel. As you keep going, they start to become in phase again creating side lobes but they're weaker due to antenna directivity. Localizer frequency is from 108-112MHz so the wavelength (360°) is approx. 9ft (speed of light/freq). Therefore, the farther apart the two antennas are, the narrower the main lobe and the more side lobes you get. SBO is fed to the left and right antennas 180° out of phase so the SBO on centerline gets canceled (null) but we get SBO lobes on either side. On centerline all you get is CSB which is zero DDM (centered CDI needle). The SBO is modulated with 90 and 150 also but they are 180° out of phase. So on the pilot's right, the 150Hz sidebands from the SBO add to the 150Hz sidebands of the CSB and the SBO 90Hz subtracts from the CSB 90Hz. The opposite happens on the pilot's left. We call this "space modulation". I have an analogy when teaching newbies in class. 90 and 150Hz are in the audio frequency range so let's replace them with Country and Rock music. I ask them "what would you hear on centerline?" They almost always say "we would hear nothing". No, you'd hear country and rock at the same volume levels (no Difference in the Depth of Modulation). As you deviate from centerline, one would get quieter and the other would get louder depending on which side you're on. It's a "location-dependent" AM radio station broadcasting 2 "sounds" if you really think about it! The ILS does NOT use Frequency Modulation (FM) as mentioned. It is an Amplitude Modulation (AM) system. As far as Glideslopes, an important fact left out about most of them is that they are "image" systems (except for the less common End-Fire GS). This means that the RF energy from the 2 or 3 antennas (capture-effect, null reference, sideband reference) bounces off the ground making a mirror image as if the antennas above ground had mirrored antennas radiating from the opposite height below ground. This means that ground terrain topography is critical to their performance. We often have to work hard at getting a GS to pass a flight inspection because of terrain issues. Uneven terrain will cause "structure" problems meaning the glide path is not a straight line. Similar to a Localizer having reflecting buildings near the runway. Anyways, I love this stuff and could babble on forever (don't get me started on the Capture-Effect principle) thank you for your video!
Hey Carl - Enjoyed reading & trying to follow what you wrote. Saw that you made other videos explaining what you do - Awesome stuff. I 'd like to see you make a video of the Capture Effect principle. Go for it!
6:09 For those interested; the math he is referring to would be solving for x in sin3°= (2500)/x for the distance to runway threshold from the plane, and tan3°=(2500)/x for the ground distance to the runway threshold. Any height can be substituted for the (2500) so long as the plane has captured the 3° glideslope. The expressions when manipulated for x are: X=(2500)/sin3° And X=(2500)/tan3° P.S. make sure the calculator is in degree mode and not in radian mode if you are inputting the glideslope in degrees.
@@matthewdnewton2437 You could find the glideslope from the runway to your position that way, but you still need to use the required glideslope for the runway you are given. So theoretically if you were too high you could use an inverse function to find you are at an 8 degree glideslope, but that doesn't help much if you need to be on a 3 degree glideslope for that specific runway. Could be useful to determine if you are too high/low if you haven't already intercepted the required glideslope though. All this assuming you have two of the three measurements.
@@LukeDelmarWebb I'm doing a Mechanical Engineering HNC and I am a student pilot so I am learning with both of those, luckily with a PPL you use more of your intuition and experience to find your approach path on Base/Final. But it is interesting to learn this side as we still are going through the Trigonometry stuff and I somewhat struggle on occasion especially on the mechanical principles section which is "moments about forces' etc
@@matthewdnewton2437 Right on, I'm a college student as well and have only ever done a discovery flight. I agree that when it comes to actually flying alot of the mathematics aren't practical. Its neat to see real world applications of what I'm learning about though!
I fly the Longitude on MSFS2020 and I have finally figured out how to use the G5000 for the Approach setup. I first started the Rnav to learn the ropes of setting up the routes through simbrief. I practiced all night to learn it and relearn it. Now I have that Rnav knowledge I stepped up now for the ILS. I find it very simple using the Approach destination runways between Rnav and ILS. Its basically the same destination only by different waypoints and Glideslope. I'm having so much fun to learn everything about flying. I'm almost covered all the basics but need to work on my landings LOL. Thank you so much for making this video!!
2:30 maybe you shouldn't use subtractive color to describe light beams... because if I mix a blue light and a yellow light (that would be red+green light) I get a white light. But I get what you say.
On my current type (the CRJ 200) it will depict the ILS CDI and inbound course it self. But we fly the ils in "green needles" so we still have to tune the freq. Manually. It will show the identification when picking up the ils. The Learjet 45 needs to manually tuned and final course set manually set as well. But the radio unit will show the identification. My former Learjet 35 is ALL Manually AND the morse is the only means of identification!
Every time I watch one of his videos I learn something new, and I have never actually flown a plane in my whole life, but I still look forward to every one of his videos.Thats what intrigues me the most about aviation, is that it is just so fascinating.More than just sitting in a chair pushing buttons....
these videos are amazing, they made my concept so clear i was having so much difficulty understanding the applications of instruments and the basic working but you made it super simple!! thanks captain joe huge admirer and fan!
@ 6:24 Captain Joe (incongruously wearing the rank of First Officer) incorrectly states ALL ILS have three Marker Beacons. Outer Marker, Middle Marker, and Inner Marker. The majority of ILS at other than those airports where large commercial operations occur have only Outer Marker and Middle Marker.
I fly a Blackhawk in the US Army and we identify the Morse Code every time we tune up a navaid. I really love your videos man, been looking for the one on Mode S.
I can already tell this guy is going to get me through this instrument block at UPT! I appreciate these visuals and easy breakdown so much! Thank you!!!
After I learn about this video. if I say : Localizer’s for guidance turn left and right and Glideslope’s for guidance move up and down. Is that correct Sir? Thanks capt
5 ปีที่แล้ว +77
I feel like I'm ready to fly now Here hold my beer
Well described Joe! I currently work as a technical flight inspector onboard Calibration flights performing flight Calibration of Nav Aids such as the ILS. Keep up the good work :)
Well while it's not a commercial approach, there is the rwy 33 approach for the space shuttle which used a 20° GS and there's an approach plate too: sportysnetwork.com/airfacts/wp-content/blogs.dir/13/files/2014/02/Shuttle-plate.jpg Pay attention to the missed approach instructions
The attention to detail required of a pilot would be too much for me but I still find it fascinating. Thank you for doing a great job explaining how things work.
At 7:23, the 1806' obstruction indicated in the top left corner of the ILS map is the Freedom Tower in downtown Manhattan that is officially listed as 1792'. Cool!
Lugano (LSZA) has a IGS, not ILS... because of the steep angle (6.65°) in swiss airspace, the non standard ILS beacons are named IGS... far as i learnt so far
Hey Joe, got a question. What happens if there is an earthquake ? Do you have to abort landing ? And what if the ATCs have to evacuate the tower, how is the traffic managed ? Do pilots manage themselves and decide who lands first and second and third... until the ATC come back ?
Matt D as we all know, it would be too unsafe to land due to insignificant shaking within the area, the landing would be redirected to another airport due to Aftershockes
Not sure about the rest of the world, but here in New Zealand we have TIBA. Basically it’s a set of guidelines to be followed if atc is disabled. Mainly pilots maintain separation and do sequencing on their own, announcing their intentions on the radio.
I learned to fly IFR in a Piper Cherokee Warrior in 2000. Everything was manual, no GPS, just dual Nav/Com radios and a DME. So I had to tune and listen to the Morse code for not just the ILS, but also for the VOR in nav #2 if the approach used crossing radials for fixes. If the approach used DME for fixes, you guessed it, I would tune and listen to the Morse code for the DME. After a while, I ended up memorizing the Morse code alphabet, just for convenience.
Are you fascinated about aviation but don't want to become a pilot? I recommend trying a simulator. They are plenty of fun and don't require too much knowledge. I recommend starting on infinite flight. It is an amazing simulator and you learn most of the basics. The simulator has forums, events, tutorials, online servers, and much more
Good explanation. Perhaps someone has mentioned this previously, but as a long-time pilot and avionics tech, let me correct a critical technical mistake: ILS signals (LOC & GS) are amplitude modulated, NOT frequency modulated. Just like aviation communication radios.
Love your channel! I'm not a pilot. But I've always been fascinated with aviation. I believe anyone who travels by plane should have at least an understanding of just how much knowledge, and skill, pilots must have in order to fly these magnificent wonders. I also believe pilots should be very well paid. If it were up to me, pilots would be making the kind of money Tom Cruise made just acting like a pilot in, "Top Gun"!! After all, these men and women are incredibly smart and skilled. They should be very well compensated for those reasons. Thank you for being such a wonderful teacher!
I'm pretty sure this has been said before but blue light plus yellow light does not yield green but white light. Please refer to additive colour mixing (light) vs subtractive colour mixing (paint, colored plastic foil etc). This is the reason why screens use red/green/blue while your printer uses red/yellow/blue.
4:06 I just realized that black mesa devs actually had to research about ILS, because there is a model in the game for a glide scope. jesus, for just researching a prop in an area you can`t even go to, only see in the distance, that`s dedication!
Agree, 5.5 degrees on either 09/27 according to the UK AIP www.ead.eurocontrol.int/eadbasic/pamslight-4193B236581ADBF9DB1BC324699585AB/7FE5QZZF3FXUS/EN/Charts/AD/NON_AIRAC/EG_AD_2_EGLC_8-4_en_2016-03-31.pdf
I am an "old" navigational aids technician. When I maintained the ground navaids the only device that transmitted "DME" was the TACAN. Have they since incorporated "DME" into the ILS equipment?
Hi Captain Joe Blue light added to yellow light results in more or less white light. At least in the additive color mixing model. The green in your example would be the result of the subtractive color model which does not apply to light. It's the simple difference between adding frequencies (light) versus blocking frequencies (e.g. paint). But I got the picture anyhow.
Steeper slope angle: I guess Nepal thirubhuvan airport might have the sleeper slope due to the mountains Also, Afghanistan's Kabul international airport was (during 1988-1992) one of the most steeped slope as the Territory outside Kabul was not safe to glide....
I was involved with an ILS installation on an island somewhere. The FCC rep on the job had to solder particular patterns on an electronic “board” that would automatically transmit the ID for the airstrip.
Lugano Agno, (ILS Glideslope at 6.65 degrees) situated in a mountainous region of Southern Switzerland, opened in 1938. The airport later extended its Runway 01/19 to 4,430 feet with a hard surface, and in the early 1980s Runway 01 received an ILS at the request of Swiss regional airline Crossair. Because terrain obstacles prevented the installation from meeting all requirements of an ILS approach, authorities classified it as an instrument guidance system (IGS) in 1983, and set the glideslope at 6.65 degrees. The approach path features a missed approach point (MAP) at 1,174 feet agl and 1.5 nm from the threshold, marking the last moment when landing Category A aircraft can safely overshoot without hitting mountains on the other side of the runway.
what is the reason some airports have ils and some dont? i know its not debending on airport traffic becouse here in finland only helsinki and kittila has it and kittila doesnt have second most traffic in finland.
UraniumTube Gaming its one of the most common precision approach system. But you can fly non-precision(no Vertical guidance) for say, just localizer, NDB, VOR, LNAV etc. Or the airport may have just RNP(GPS) approach, it will work just as an ILS. So no, you dont have to have an ILS. Some smaller airports only have RNP(GPS) approaches as they're cheap to maintain and they're very reliable. You can probably find some information regarding what they have if you search for its ICAO airport name example 'ESSA' and type in 'AIP' (ESSA AIP) into google. It should contain text info on the airport and its surrounding plus their approaches and other information.
I don't know what you are talking about. Most if not all aerodromes listed here www.ais.fi/ais/aip/en/index.htm under AD 2 Aerodromes seem to have ILS approach charts, indicating that ILS approaches are available. It seems to be that there is no ILS approach available on the second-busiest aerodrome in Finland, Helsinki-Malmi (EFHF), but that is because it's an uncontrolled VFR airport.
The rule of thumb for maintaining a proper descent rate for your approach airspeed in order to stay on a 3 degree glide slope is to divide your airspeed in half and add a zero, this will be your descent rate in feet per minute. For example, if your approach speed is 200 knots, divide that in half which gives you100, then add a zero which gives you 1000 (fpm) to stay on a 3 degree GS.
Hi Joe, fantastic explanation. I am just learning for my IFR Exam. The to Lobes of the localizer are amplitude modulated. Not frequency modulated. Many happy landings, j
I'm sorry you never got an answer. Unless you want to do a voice-over (republish Joe's videos with your voice in translation,) maybe you should inquire with TH-cam. I get the feeling most subtitles are machine-generated nowadays. (And that shows miserably.)
Captain Joe! Dude you rock! I have never seen somebody like you who can explain Chinese to English just an example and convince a person to keep listening. I am a n aviation enthusiast I have a basic knowledge I have a crazy request train me to be a pilot.. Dude in a year I believe I can be a pilot if you train me....!!!! 👌
im 13 and i have dreamt of being a pilot ever since I was 5 after a pilot let me in the cocpit after the flight. This helps me learn a lot and gets me one step closer to achieving my dream. I plan to get a glider license then ppl then cpl. Thanks it helps me a lot!
for an ILS LOC freq Lugano has an approach of 6.65°.. otherwise it would be and RNAV approach at steamboat springs at 7.75° or of Aspen at 9.61° for the KASE VOR/DME-C approach. But in general? The NASA Space Shuttle landing at 20-22 degrees 2 miles from the runway at Kennedy Space Center.
I've got 20,000 hours +, and still found this informative and entertaining. Well done!
Holy cow that's a lot of time
How much hours you got now?
@@DriverEra. probably around 30k
@Adonis a pilot can fly maximum 1000 hours per year as per ICAO
So many diamonds
No wonder that planes are expensive.
Ran Kavik, Lol
Blahahahaha
LOL! LMAO!
lol
ㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋ
I'm not interested in becoming a pilot, but learning about airplanes is so fascinating! Thanks for posting your videos, Captain Joe. Watching them is like getting an insiders look into the cockpit, and its seriously eye-opening! Greetings from Michigan. :)
Me too
I am very interested in becoming a pilot, but learning all this stuff is simply not going to happen. Thank you for posting this video.
Float Circuit I’m becoming a nurse and I’m watching this stuff
Me not. I am a weekend pilot
I'm not even interested in aviation and I'm learning about it and I'm a pilot 30 years 12000+ flight hours not for me
Probably one of the best TH-cam CFI out there! I’m glad he gives us IR pilots more attention than just private pilot lessons
Hey Joe, I’m 26 and I’m flying a Piper PA-28 Cherokee and I’m still in training. But your videos make me just that little more confident to keep going and get my PPL.
Maybe one day we’ll be colleges if I get true and get my CPL haha.
Keep posting your videos man, they are true inspiration for all people that fly or have a fascination with aviation!
Wish you all the best!
John F. Kennedy Space Center. When the space shuttles land the ILS GS like 25% or something.
Anton Martic technically your right, honestly I don't think that's what he meant but you right, and I could find the ils info on Google with a quick search so I think that counts as published
they only descend that rapidly in the early stages. on final approach they are not going much more steeper than 3°
I see what you did there
i was literally gonna say that lol
Anton Martic okay take Kunduz Airport with the German Air Force Afghanistan Approach, you have a dive angle of 45° ;) its a pure Horror in the Cargo Compartment of a C-160 Transall
One of the steepest approaches within the CONUS is the LOC/DME approach to Aspen, CO, which has a final approach segment with a recommended approach glideslope of 6.59°. I nominate Sion, Switzerland (LSGS). Lugano LUG/LSZA has an approach of 6.65°.
"London City, when it first opened, was a stomach dropping 7.5 degrees, an unheard of angle for a European airport."
Not now of course.
6 degrees
pin
5,5 degrees
LCy: Like Carrier 😄
5:45
I think it is either Lugano Airport or London City Airport with a Glideslope angle of 6°, more or less
Shuttle Landing Facility (ICAO:KTTS) has a 22-degree glide slope. lol
@Voyager FPV that is incorrect. They dont land from 90 degrees until very late
AH yes, the shuttle.
Also known as the flying brick.
@Voyager FPV lmao
LOL
Plz can u speak English now. Lmao!
5:50 nobody ever got pinned
🗿
Check his other video he did
My guess would be London City Airport.
:D
Someone did. Check the next video on ILS
I've been working on ILSs for 33 years. 25 years with the USAF traveling around the globe fixing them and 8 years so far with the Federal Aviation Administration - National Airway Systems Engineering section. I've written several ILS simulation programs and a smart phone app to help techs understand how the ILS works and help them during FAA flight inspections (ILS Toolkit on Google Play).
Your video is very informative from a pilot's perspective and I applaud you. I've learned some things that I didn't know.
However, the details about how the ILS actually works is very over simplified. The diagrams I see on sites such as Wikipedia depicting two overlapping lobes of 90/150Hz are cringeworthy.
A typical Localizer system consists of an array of 14 Log Periodic Dipole (LPD) antennas. These are very directional antennas working together to form a narrow beam. We also use arrays of 8 or 20 elements. 20 elements make the beam even narrower to avoid multipath reflections from hangars/buildings near the runway.
A simple single-frequency Localizer has 2 RF (Radio Frequency) signals feeding the antennas (CSB and SBO). CSB is Carrier+Sidebands and SBO is Sidebands Only. CSB is amplitude modulated with 90 and 150Hz audio tones at a depth of 20% per tone and they are in phase. What drives the CDI needle movement is the DDM (Difference in Depth of Modulation) between these two tones. So with CSB only, it would always appear that you are on centerline even if you're not because the difference between 20% and 20% is zero. There would be no current flow in the CDI so it is centered. If a tech shuts off SBO we call this HMI (Hazardously Misleading Information).
CSB is fed to the left and right antennas in-phase. So at any observation point down the center of the runway the signals from then left and right antennas arrive in phase and add together because they have the same distance to travel and are equal magnitudes. This creates a maximum CSB beam on centerline. As you deviate from centerline, the CSB lobe weakens because the signals begin to become out of phase until they are 180° out and a null occurs because they cancel. As you keep going, they start to become in phase again creating side lobes but they're weaker due to antenna directivity. Localizer frequency is from 108-112MHz so the wavelength (360°) is approx. 9ft (speed of light/freq). Therefore, the farther apart the two antennas are, the narrower the main lobe and the more side lobes you get.
SBO is fed to the left and right antennas 180° out of phase so the SBO on centerline gets canceled (null) but we get SBO lobes on either side. On centerline all you get is CSB which is zero DDM (centered CDI needle). The SBO is modulated with 90 and 150 also but they are 180° out of phase. So on the pilot's right, the 150Hz sidebands from the SBO add to the 150Hz sidebands of the CSB and the SBO 90Hz subtracts from the CSB 90Hz. The opposite happens on the pilot's left. We call this "space modulation".
I have an analogy when teaching newbies in class. 90 and 150Hz are in the audio frequency range so let's replace them with Country and Rock music. I ask them "what would you hear on centerline?" They almost always say "we would hear nothing". No, you'd hear country and rock at the same volume levels (no Difference in the Depth of Modulation). As you deviate from centerline, one would get quieter and the other would get louder depending on which side you're on. It's a "location-dependent" AM radio station broadcasting 2 "sounds" if you really think about it! The ILS does NOT use Frequency Modulation (FM) as mentioned. It is an Amplitude Modulation (AM) system.
As far as Glideslopes, an important fact left out about most of them is that they are "image" systems (except for the less common End-Fire GS). This means that the RF energy from the 2 or 3 antennas (capture-effect, null reference, sideband reference) bounces off the ground making a mirror image as if the antennas above ground had mirrored antennas radiating from the opposite height below ground. This means that ground terrain topography is critical to their performance. We often have to work hard at getting a GS to pass a flight inspection because of terrain issues. Uneven terrain will cause "structure" problems meaning the glide path is not a straight line. Similar to a Localizer having reflecting buildings near the runway.
Anyways, I love this stuff and could babble on forever (don't get me started on the Capture-Effect principle) thank you for your video!
WoW.....
Amazing
Bro do all airport have this?
Hey Carl - Enjoyed reading & trying to follow what you wrote. Saw that you made other videos explaining what you do - Awesome stuff. I 'd like to see you make a video of the Capture Effect principle. Go for it!
K
Wow
Wow, i just wanted to know what ILS meant due to some vector exercises in my Calculus class, now i want to know everything about planes.
What's our vector, Victor?
Fred Zeppelin We have clearance, Clarence.
Are you working some kind of angle?
@@mknubs Roger roger.
I am not a pilot and can never be one but I can't stop watching these videos as they are fascinating! Maybe I can use the information in a pub quiz 😂
Just started flying ILS approaches in a 172 and have to tune and identify (listening to the Morse code). Awesome video!
I fly the Boeing 727...and yes, weve got to tune and identify it ourselves haha~
Hello!
Coooey
Lucky
I googled it.
good thing you know Morse code language
6:09 For those interested; the math he is referring to would be solving for x in sin3°= (2500)/x for the distance to runway threshold from the plane, and tan3°=(2500)/x for the ground distance to the runway threshold. Any height can be substituted for the (2500) so long as the plane has captured the 3° glideslope. The expressions when manipulated for x are:
X=(2500)/sin3°
And
X=(2500)/tan3°
P.S. make sure the calculator is in degree mode and not in radian mode if you are inputting the glideslope in degrees.
guessing to find your angle needed you could also do inverse Tan, Sin or Cos? Providing you have the other 2 variables?
@@matthewdnewton2437 You could find the glideslope from the runway to your position that way, but you still need to use the required glideslope for the runway you are given. So theoretically if you were too high you could use an inverse function to find you are at an 8 degree glideslope, but that doesn't help much if you need to be on a 3 degree glideslope for that specific runway. Could be useful to determine if you are too high/low if you haven't already intercepted the required glideslope though. All this assuming you have two of the three measurements.
@@LukeDelmarWebb I'm doing a Mechanical Engineering HNC and I am a student pilot so I am learning with both of those, luckily with a PPL you use more of your intuition and experience to find your approach path on Base/Final.
But it is interesting to learn this side as we still are going through the Trigonometry stuff and I somewhat struggle on occasion especially on the mechanical principles section which is "moments about forces' etc
@@matthewdnewton2437 Right on, I'm a college student as well and have only ever done a discovery flight. I agree that when it comes to actually flying alot of the mathematics aren't practical. Its neat to see real world applications of what I'm learning about though!
London city airport has 5.5degrees. But the steepest glide slope for anything landing like a plane has to be the space shuttle, at 20degrees.
The shuttle only landed at military installations. Nothing meaningful is published for anyone outside of restricted air space.
As an ILS tech, that is a very good description of how an ILS works. Thanks!
I fly the Longitude on MSFS2020 and I have finally figured out how to use the G5000 for the Approach setup. I first started the Rnav to learn the ropes of setting up the routes through simbrief. I practiced all night to learn it and relearn it. Now I have that Rnav knowledge I stepped up now for the ILS. I find it very simple using the Approach destination runways between Rnav and ILS. Its basically the same destination only by different waypoints and Glideslope. I'm having so much fun to learn everything about flying. I'm almost covered all the basics but need to work on my landings LOL. Thank you so much for making this video!!
2:30 maybe you shouldn't use subtractive color to describe light beams... because if I mix a blue light and a yellow light (that would be red+green light) I get a white light. But I get what you say.
On my current type (the CRJ 200) it will depict the ILS CDI and inbound course it self. But we fly the ils in "green needles" so we still have to tune the freq. Manually. It will show the identification when picking up the ils. The Learjet 45 needs to manually tuned and final course set manually set as well. But the radio unit will show the identification. My former Learjet 35 is ALL Manually AND the morse is the only means of identification!
Thank you for these great videos😊
Fresh Dumbledore your new broomstick must be ILS CATIII C equipped to get you to watch these muggle videos xD !
Marshall Hyasi Yes!😂
capten joe
Every time I watch one of his videos I learn something new, and I have never actually flown a plane in my whole life, but I still look forward to every one of his videos.Thats what intrigues me the most about aviation, is that it is just so fascinating.More than just sitting in a chair pushing buttons....
My son (16) wants to become a pilot. Showed me how to fly gelooft Sim and your video's. And got me hooked.
Can you do a video about the other approachs ? Rnav, dme, vor loc etc.. Please ;)? Very good video !
Captain Joe, thank you for the videos. I'm currently going through ground school and your knowledge is very helpful. Thank you.
Dear Captain Joe,
I've learned so much on your channel and became an even greater aviation geek thanks to you 😊
these videos are amazing, they made my concept so clear i was having so much difficulty understanding the applications of instruments and the basic working but you made it super simple!! thanks captain joe huge admirer and fan!
@ 6:24 Captain Joe (incongruously wearing the rank of First Officer) incorrectly states ALL ILS have three Marker Beacons. Outer Marker, Middle Marker, and Inner Marker. The majority of ILS at other than those airports where large commercial operations occur have only Outer Marker and Middle Marker.
I fly a Blackhawk in the US Army and we identify the Morse Code every time we tune up a navaid. I really love your videos man, been looking for the one on Mode S.
I think its LCY London City 5.5
This was fairly extensive and comprehensive. Thank you Captain!
I can already tell this guy is going to get me through this instrument block at UPT! I appreciate these visuals and easy breakdown so much! Thank you!!!
2:10 if I'm not mistaken, this is EDDS, that's about 30 mins from my home by car...
Great videos, thank you, Captain Joe! I'm learning a lot!
Jo2o2pl
After I learn about this video.
if I say : Localizer’s for guidance turn left and right and Glideslope’s for guidance move up and down.
Is that correct Sir? Thanks capt
I feel like I'm ready to fly now
Here hold my beer
John 😹
John hilarious 🤣
where ya flying to? i'm not coming on your plane lol
no lie😂
2:17 - and that is how ILS really displays flag of Ukraine.
I am working on my instrument rating and this is immensely helpful. Thank you.
My lifelong dream is to become a pilot. Your videos are very educative. I really enjoy learning from your channel. Than you for the information!
Well described Joe!
I currently work as a technical flight inspector onboard Calibration flights performing flight Calibration of Nav Aids such as the ILS.
Keep up the good work :)
Every time I land in my flight simulator all I hear is “GLIDE SLOPE GLIDE SLOPE GLIDE SLOPE GLIDE SLOPE”
When you hear this you are below the gliedeslope
Well while it's not a commercial approach, there is the rwy 33 approach for the space shuttle which used a 20° GS and there's an approach plate too: sportysnetwork.com/airfacts/wp-content/blogs.dir/13/files/2014/02/Shuttle-plate.jpg
Pay attention to the missed approach instructions
Missed Aproach: N.A :D
That’s not an ILS. It’s a Microwave scanning beam landing system. Different system.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave_scanning_beam_landing_system
Mark Holm oh ok I didn't even notice that, thanks
The attention to detail required of a pilot would be too much for me but I still find it fascinating. Thank you for doing a great job explaining how things work.
At 7:23, the 1806' obstruction indicated in the top left corner of the ILS map is the Freedom Tower in downtown Manhattan that is officially listed as 1792'. Cool!
Lugano Agno Airport is the steepest with a 6.65* ILS approach angle
YEAH let's go, I'm right ;)
Lugano (LSZA) has a IGS, not ILS... because of the steep angle (6.65°) in swiss airspace, the non standard ILS beacons are named IGS... far as i learnt so far
Jesus, your're right! I just checked: 6.65°!!!
Better set full flaps and minimum approach speed before capturing it I guess
^^full flaps and max auto brakes aswell XD
and full reversers and parking brake set at touchdown LOL
Hey Joe, got a question. What happens if there is an earthquake ? Do you have to abort landing ? And what if the ATCs have to evacuate the tower, how is the traffic managed ? Do pilots manage themselves and decide who lands first and second and third... until the ATC come back ?
Matt D as we all know, it would be too unsafe to land due to insignificant shaking within the area, the landing would be redirected to another airport due to Aftershockes
Read my Channel about/bio what about the ATC leaving the tower ?
Matt D do you mean the people that work in the atc tower or the planes departing?
Read my Channel about/bio The people in the tower
Not sure about the rest of the world, but here in New Zealand we have TIBA. Basically it’s a set of guidelines to be followed if atc is disabled. Mainly pilots maintain separation and do sequencing on their own, announcing their intentions on the radio.
I think, that the biggest ILS angle is on London City Airport, but I am not sure
Used to be 7.7! now it is a measly 5.5 passing 800ft above the buildings on canary wharf.
Thank you for that information :)
Capt , u deserve another bar..how humble
I learned to fly IFR in a Piper Cherokee Warrior in 2000. Everything was manual, no GPS, just dual Nav/Com radios and a DME. So I had to tune and listen to the Morse code for not just the ILS, but also for the VOR in nav #2 if the approach used crossing radials for fixes. If the approach used DME for fixes, you guessed it, I would tune and listen to the Morse code for the DME. After a while, I ended up memorizing the Morse code alphabet, just for convenience.
Who doesn't miss Hong Kong's old Kai Tak Airport approach 😝
red checkerboard
mactopia I actually did it in a simulator... when I was like 10
mactopia awwww, I just wanted to say that
Nobody will ever beat Kai Tek! =-)
mactopia Hold your tongue, lol!
The steepest ILS approach in the world is Lugano, in Switzerland!
If we talk about not only commercial airports and not only airports then Kennedy space center.
Actually I think it was Colgan Air Flight 3407 back in Feb, 2009.
Are you fascinated about aviation but don't want to become a pilot? I recommend trying a simulator. They are plenty of fun and don't require too much knowledge. I recommend starting on infinite flight. It is an amazing simulator and you learn most of the basics. The simulator has forums, events, tutorials, online servers, and much more
Your right infinite flight had a 2020 update and its almost real. $4.99 but its worth it!
Good explanation. Perhaps someone has mentioned this previously, but as a long-time pilot and avionics tech, let me correct a critical technical mistake: ILS signals (LOC & GS) are amplitude modulated, NOT frequency modulated. Just like aviation communication radios.
Wow! I must tip my hat to all pilots, you guys are skilled professionals.
London City airport at 6° GlideScope ( GS ) angle .
Love your channel! I'm not a pilot. But I've always been fascinated with aviation. I believe anyone who travels by plane should have at least an understanding of just how much knowledge, and skill, pilots must have in order to fly these magnificent wonders. I also believe pilots should be very well paid. If it were up to me, pilots would be making the kind of money Tom Cruise made just acting like a pilot in, "Top Gun"!! After all, these men and women are incredibly smart and skilled. They should be very well compensated for those reasons. Thank you for being such a wonderful teacher!
That will require you to pay a lot more money for your flights. are you ready?
Perfect info for my avionics course
I'm pretty sure this has been said before but blue light plus yellow light does not yield green but white light. Please refer to additive colour mixing (light) vs subtractive colour mixing (paint, colored plastic foil etc). This is the reason why screens use red/green/blue while your printer uses red/yellow/blue.
4:06 I just realized that black mesa devs actually had to research about ILS, because there is a model in the game for a glide scope.
jesus, for just researching a prop in an area you can`t even go to, only see in the distance, that`s dedication!
We should do more content on aviation. This is awesome and inspiring!
Great for flight Sim
London City Airport is the steepest from my deep memories ! :) 5/6° if i'm correct
London city Airport or from past experience Kuwait city tactical landing in a Hercules
we flew into that at around 45 degrees well it felt like it .
Mark Joyce The Hercules pilot would have been performing a tactical landing to be doing 45° on approach. Wouldn't have been an ILS landing.
MrNeocortex I am well aware that it was not an ILS approach. landing with night vision aids in complete darkness who needs ILS
Agree, 5.5 degrees on either 09/27 according to the UK AIP
www.ead.eurocontrol.int/eadbasic/pamslight-4193B236581ADBF9DB1BC324699585AB/7FE5QZZF3FXUS/EN/Charts/AD/NON_AIRAC/EG_AD_2_EGLC_8-4_en_2016-03-31.pdf
2:37 That reminds me Swiss001
I am an "old" navigational aids technician. When I maintained the ground navaids the only device that transmitted "DME" was the TACAN. Have they since incorporated "DME" into the ILS equipment?
Hi Captain Joe
Blue light added to yellow light results in more or less white light. At least in the additive color mixing model.
The green in your example would be the result of the subtractive color model which does not apply to light.
It's the simple difference between adding frequencies (light) versus blocking frequencies (e.g. paint).
But I got the picture anyhow.
I play X-Plane and fly a boing 747 and a cirrus jet sf50
And yes i do.
me to!!!
Steeper slope angle:
I guess Nepal thirubhuvan airport might have the sleeper slope due to the mountains
Also,
Afghanistan's Kabul international airport was (during 1988-1992) one of the most steeped slope as the Territory outside Kabul was not safe to glide....
Oh, I'm dumb, I always thought ILS was "Indicator Light System"
I was involved with an ILS installation on an island somewhere.
The FCC rep on the job had to solder particular patterns on an electronic “board” that would automatically transmit the ID for the airstrip.
london city airport thx joe im planning to be a pilot myself , and your content is helping me alot
Steepest ILS: LSZA - Lugano 6.65 degrees
Rnav approach to Steamboat Springs at 7.75°
Der Flughafen auf den Satellitenbilder ist Stuttgart ,oder ?
Robert Graf nein es ist frankfürt
Lugano Agno, (ILS Glideslope at 6.65 degrees) situated in a mountainous region of Southern Switzerland, opened in 1938. The airport later extended its Runway 01/19 to 4,430 feet with a hard surface, and in the early 1980s Runway 01 received an ILS at the request of Swiss regional airline Crossair. Because terrain obstacles prevented the installation from meeting all requirements of an ILS approach, authorities classified it as an instrument guidance system (IGS) in 1983, and set the glideslope at 6.65 degrees. The approach path features a missed approach point (MAP) at 1,174 feet agl and 1.5 nm from the threshold, marking the last moment when landing Category A aircraft can safely overshoot without hitting mountains on the other side of the runway.
Captain Joe, I am not a pilot. But i love watching your videos. You are simply outstanding
The steepest is EGLC London City
1:52 Stuttgart EDDS right ?
Yes ;-) www.google.de/maps/@48.6929719,9.2203312,4647m/data=!3m1!1e3
Ja ist gut möglich
wulf racing kann ich als Stuttgarter bestätigen das es EDDS ist ;)
Es ist 3 grad. www.europlanet.de/vaFsP/charts/EDDS.pdf
Ja, klar und eindeutig Stuttgart (EDDS / STR), gezeigt wurde ILS für den Anflug von Osten auf Landebahn 25.
WHAT AIRLINE U going to fly for?
STENMEES 123 He’s flying for Euro Wings now
I think now for Eurowings
easyjet
eurowings
STENMEES 123 he fly's 4 airbirlin
QUESTION?????
What if your have more then 1 runways on a Airport?
Wold you have more different frequencies?
Thanks for answers.
Cookix yes. Ils for each runway has a different frequency
Here for quick tips on RNAV for my ATPL exams. Thanks man you're the best.
how to use flaps in the landing and take off ?
5 degree flaps when taking off, 25 or 30 when descend. This is what I find the most comfortable at controlling the aircraft in x-plane10
what is the reason some airports have ils and some dont? i know its not debending on airport traffic becouse here in finland only helsinki and kittila has it and kittila doesnt have second most traffic in finland.
UraniumTube Gaming goverments tryna save money for low traffic density airports cause its quite an expensive system
UraniumTube Gaming its one of the most common precision approach system. But you can fly non-precision(no Vertical guidance) for say, just localizer, NDB, VOR, LNAV etc. Or the airport may have just RNP(GPS) approach, it will work just as an ILS.
So no, you dont have to have an ILS. Some smaller airports only have RNP(GPS) approaches as they're cheap to maintain and they're very reliable.
You can probably find some information regarding what they have if you search for its ICAO airport name example 'ESSA' and type in 'AIP' (ESSA AIP) into google. It should contain text info on the airport and its surrounding plus their approaches and other information.
I don't know what you are talking about. Most if not all aerodromes listed here www.ais.fi/ais/aip/en/index.htm under AD 2 Aerodromes seem to have ILS approach charts, indicating that ILS approaches are available. It seems to be that there is no ILS approach available on the second-busiest aerodrome in Finland, Helsinki-Malmi (EFHF), but that is because it's an uncontrolled VFR airport.
Suami mainittu torilla tavataan!!
Cost. It takes money to buy and maintain the system. Oulu for example has ILS only for 12, not for 30. Rovaniemi also has ILS for 21 but not 03.
Lake Placid KLKP, having a glide slope of 7.92°
That’s the GPS-A. Not an electronic glide slope, but the descent angle required from the FAF to MDA.
The rule of thumb for maintaining a proper descent rate for your approach airspeed in order to stay on a 3 degree glide slope is to divide your airspeed in half and add a zero, this will be your descent rate in feet per minute. For example, if your approach speed is 200 knots, divide that in half which gives you100, then add a zero which gives you 1000 (fpm) to stay on a 3 degree GS.
One of the best videos explaining how ILS works. Thank you!
Hey, sehr schöne Uhr Captain!
London City Airport (UK) has a GS angle of 6 degrees
We are both wrong. LOL it took me less than two minutes to find london. on my guess
jesus
London City Airport, Captain?
Greetings from Brazil!
In ATC basics right now... Really appreciating your videos!
Hi Joe, fantastic explanation. I am just learning for my IFR Exam. The to Lobes of the localizer are amplitude modulated. Not frequency modulated. Many happy landings, j
Intresting... In russia watch your chanell too (excuse for my terrible english)!
Hey Joe! Can I translate your video's captions to Romanian language?
I'm sorry you never got an answer.
Unless you want to do a voice-over (republish Joe's videos with your voice in translation,) maybe you should inquire with TH-cam. I get the feeling most subtitles are machine-generated nowadays. (And that shows miserably.)
I'm thinking London City airport, Uk
Captain Joe! Dude you rock! I have never seen somebody like you who can explain Chinese to English just an example and convince a person to keep listening. I am a n aviation enthusiast I have a basic knowledge I have a crazy request train me to be a pilot.. Dude in a year I believe I can be a pilot if you train me....!!!! 👌
im 13 and i have dreamt of being a pilot ever since I was 5 after a pilot let me in the cocpit after the flight. This helps me learn a lot and gets me one step closer to achieving my dream. I plan to get a glider license then ppl then cpl. Thanks it helps me a lot!
nice pictures of my home
Thanks
NASA space station in Florida,100% glide slope angle😂jk
That means 45°
100? That's 80 degrees then.
@@alessandrosvanascini6030 no. That would be 135 degrees. Do keep up.
Nick Baldeagle no Alessandro is right, arctan(1)=45°
You're talking about the Kennedy Space Center. There is no "NASA space station"
wow so simple. After no getting my PPL, I am ready to fly an approach now only after watching this vid ;). Good explanation and visualizations.
for an ILS LOC freq Lugano has an approach of 6.65°.. otherwise it would be and RNAV approach at steamboat springs at 7.75° or of Aspen at 9.61° for the KASE VOR/DME-C approach. But in general? The NASA Space Shuttle landing at 20-22 degrees 2 miles from the runway at Kennedy Space Center.