The Ultimate Guide to Space-time and Relativity
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 26 ก.ย. 2024
- We live in a universe where things like length, distance, and time are all relative and that can lead to strange paradoxes if you're not careful. Thankfully, Einstein's special and general relativity have rules to obey and useful tools like space-time diagrams to help you avoid such problems.
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VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Why do the Planets orbit in a Plane?
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Why Do Things REALLY Fall?
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Relativity & Gravity - The Complete Series:
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What is Physical Information?
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RELATED TH-cam VIDEOS
VSauce on How Earth Moves:
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PBS Space Time on Space-time Diagrams:
• The Geometry of Causality
MinutePhysics on Space-time Diagrams:
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*Correction:* On the spacetime diagram, the rocket shouldn't be firing it's thrusters. It should only do that if it's accelerating. Since it's not accelerating, its engine/thrusters should be off. My bad. Honestly, if that's the biggest mistake in this video, I think I did pretty well.
No worries, that's just a Hollywood special effect we learned to filter long ago thanks to movies.
We're way past that 😸
let's say we want to eliminate the effects of gravitational forces between objects on the diagram to preserve constant speed, so we use thrusters to compensate these and everything works ;)
Suggestion: Remake this entire video with your updated skillset and larger fanbase. Focus largely on the same subject matter but this time title it something like “Time travel is real, here’s how” or “Physics professor explains how time travel is real” I know you aren’t a professor but that title sounds like the catchy ones you see like “Linguist reacts to 5 movies” or whatever I think you know what I mean. I can’t figure out the best way to title you since Physicist is a hard weird to read /spell for most people.
First PBS Space Time wears a Science Asylum shirt, then Science Asylum wears a Kurzgesagt shirt. Here's hoping Kurzgesagt makes a PBS Space Time reference so the circle will be complete.
haha.lol.
If you happen to read this, Nick, have you noticed any boost in viewership stats since that little nudge from Space Time? I was hoping it'd bring people pouring over into your channel.
Add Veritasium and Minute Physics and it would complete the circle. (Ok, Isaac Arthur can be the center of the circle ... and there are countless channels I like too).
HAHA We can only hope!
Came here to say that.
This is probably one of the most comprehensive explanations of spacetime diagrams I've seen in a TH-cam video. I think it's safe to say you deserve to pat yourself on the back for this one, Nick :P
Flippy Sidee I thought he was going to metion how the speed of light is usually drawn 45° and is always stays that way even through a transformation. It's a pretty key point to understanding a lot of the weirdness.
Love how you flipped the coordinates from one observer’s view to the other! Great visual! Now relativity to me seems less crazy! 👍😀
No detail unaccounted for! :-)
This is the best and easiest explanation to comprehend this theory as far as I'm concerned. Thank you
What I love about Relativity is that even though the consequences and predictions are not intuitive, it's just the logical consequence of a short list of things that must be true.
For so many reasons, I'm prepared to admit this is my favourite video on TH-cam ever.
Thanks! I'm really proud of it :-D
The knowledge you have and the ability to transmit it in a short video while keeping it entertaining is awesome
I love it that the reality of physics is MORE engaging than any fiction I've ever read. The cosmos rules!
This video made me subscribe on Patreon. Absolutely the best explanation of all this otherwise confusing stuff I've ever seen.
Great video. Minutephysics did a similar video but yours was easier to understand. Thanks for that. Also PBS Space Time wore your shirt during a video. Mad respect from the science community. Congrats.
It's pretty cool about my shirt. I knew it was coming (Matt and I talked), which just made it even more exciting.
Dave Long Please tell me in which video.
th-cam.com/video/_P1xKh_kZFU/w-d-xo.html
Nehmo, I keep politics off this channel as much as I can. This channel is for science.
Sometimes people make science political, so it's hard to avoid. For example, I once made a subtle jab at Fox News for regularly misrepresenting science, but I don't think the shady behavior of a "news" organization should reflect badly on half the U.S. population. I'll vote for who I vote for and you vote for whoever you want to vote for.
As for product endorsements, full-disclosure is absolutely necessary for something like that. I make a point to mention sponsorships right at the beginning of the video. It's very important that I'm transparent about these things.
Wait. Is that a Kurzgesagt shirt under your lab coat.
Yes
Yay saitama
I just came from a Kugzgrheh video
@@katsumi2293 kay
Yes, my friend, it is.
This is the asylum. It's like regular TH-cam, but first you hit Like, then you watch.
J.D. Luke That is exactly what I did, very soon into the video.
Hit like aaand watch. It does not matter which is first.. they are always together.
Nope that's not possible remember rule no. 6
Sounds like madness
exactly what i did 😀
This is the first time on TH-cam I didnt skip the commercials, because this guy deserves it...
"That looks like maths. Is that maths? I didn't sign up for any maths!" 😅
The animation at 5:10 + 3b1b's essence of linear algebra series = tears of joy
Really loved the way Rule #3 is written
Sneaky Descartes is sneaky
You succeeded in explaining something difficult in an easily understandable way. Your best video to date.
Your best video yet, and I think the best I've ever seen on the subject. I liked your split screen with each in their own reference. I'd love to see more of that in various conditions. Just plain excellent.
I woulda been satisfied with a guide to space-time and relativity... BUT THE ULTIMATE GUIDE? YEAAAAAAA
What I like the best in Nic's vids, is how he seems to guess what were are thinking just at that specific moment and then answer it on the way :)
Best explanation yet, glad you, Lincoln, Space Time, Minute Physics and others, are going at this full speed to get it into normal conversation ! ! ! Even CRAZY conversation ! ! !
The coordinate transformation looks crazy similar to linear transformations by matrices. I seriously wondered why we needed linear transformations at all, and now I'm severely enlightened
Yep! The Lorentz transformation is a linear transformation matrix. It's not just similar. That's exactly what it is 🤓
@@ScienceAsylum
And this takes me to another question... when I asked people where is the fourth spatial dimension, many said it's a mathematical impossibility. But considering non square matrices encode inter dimensional transformation, it is perfectly possible for any arbitrary number of dimensions to exist, ours being only a part of them. So, if we live in four or more dimensions, why cannot we perceive them?
PS. I'm not bugging you😄...just asked...please don't be bothered😄
Good job keeping the math to a minimum Nick. Equations are just TOOLS you need to use to DO something, like plot a rocket ship course. We're just sitting here looking for information on how the universe works. It's a waste of screen space to put them on the screen. Most people aren't scribbling them down, filling in the numbers, getting the solution (oo! it's 50.3! Now I have a deep understanding!!) Carefully chosen words, images and graphics are what can transfer the knowledge you have into most peoples minds.
In defense of math, you can get understanding from patterns in it, but yes those patterns need to be properly explained with words and visuals. If a teacher just throws an equations up and say "there ya go!" then it isn't going to communicate much.
The Science Asylum
(I just have to say ...
Best response I have ever read on youtube!)
@@ScienceAsylum I'm a little late here, but please keep the math. There are many channels that leave out the math to "simplify" but I find that with little explanation, math goes a long way in expanding one's conceptual understanding too. That's what i find unique about your videos. And, also the animations are fantastic.
@@nithyanagarathinam6215 For me, stuff like relativity requires an amount of maths understand coupled with worded explanation. Only maths will leave out the intuition
This is the best physics channel on the internet IMO, Nick is the man ... All hail the gradient!
This may be the simplest explanation of relativity that I've seen yet. 👍
You are amazing. Learning can be so fun if we have teachers who are kind to students and are able explain things using simple examples. There is no need to kill oneself to understand concepts.
Absolutely love this channel. It makes science interesting again. Much better than doing the same calculations over and over again (And don't say that's relative, it's boring!!). Thanks for this and keepem commin' 🤟
Hi Nick.. thank you very much for your nice videos..I enjoy them all...I am a Mexican Citizen(70 years old), I am living in Mexico CD.. My name is Constantino ..once again thank you very much
This is easily the best channel I'm subscribed to!
Now that this is finally intuitive to me, it bugs me that for the last 2 years it's been, "time moves slower the faster you go". Thank you so much! By the way, I love that you're wearing a Kurtzkesagt t-shirt!
This is crazy genius!
I remember watching Gabe's video on PBS Spacetime a couple of years ago like 6 times to work my brain around what Relativity ACTUALLY was about.
Had I seen your video then, I would have understood it all in like...9 mins! ;p
What jumped out at me, upon viewing the animated coordinate transformations, is that the translated space/time diagram intuitively looks like it can still have space and time still "really be" at 90 degrees to each other so long as we think of it as showing us a tilt 'backwards' into the third dimension. That's beautiful.
I love your video, you deserve so much more recognition.
It's called "proper time" not in the sense that any time is "proper", i.e. correct, but in the sense that it's the time "proper to" that observer. It makes perfect sense.
Amazing explanation of Relativity! Like no other I have seen so far in school or even TH-cam.
I come back to watch this quite regularly, it's really one of the very best descriptions on this topic anywhere
1:57 "I do what I want." *eats dinosaur*
This is why I love this channel :)
Got your book! Will be an awesome read I can tell. :) Our society needs more people like you Nick..
6:45 to 7 min was absolutely amazing. If you focus diagonally (on that time axis), then you see the lights blink at the same time. But if you focus on old regular vertical time axis, then the lights blink in an alternate way. Pretty awesome! Trying hard to get a grasp of Relativity myself.
And your vids are really great too!
Wow! This might be one of my favourite space-TIME lessons ever. Ten minutes of simplifying explanation and graphics that probably took you a very long time to think through and put together so well. Thank you for the effort. You have quite the knack... A Nick Knack - too bad there isn't a "paddy whack" to go with that.
Paddy whack is the next video ;-)
This has to be one of the best explanations for relativity! Great job man!
Also, who the heck is that one disliker?
Black Hole Yeah, there's still one dislike. I guess they don't think relativity and space-time is important... I mean, who could think such a thing?!
A flat earth believer.
haha Tommy White, could be it
There are some very strange anti-science nuts out there!
Relativity aka that feeling you get when you're parked next to a truck and the truck starts moving but you're convince that you're moving, when you're not.
Excellent video. PBS Space Time said that the speed of light is actually the speed of causality itself, which made me wonder, "Why does causality need to be constrained? Can't it affect everything instantly?". But then I realized that it can't because then, time would have no meaning. Since all causes would happen instantly, all resulting effects and then their effects would happen instantly as well. And as Einstein famously put it, everything would happen at once, making time nonexistent. The reason I think this is important is that this allows us to derive special relativity from fundamental logic instead of observations. In other words, this changes the answer of the question, "Why is special relativity the way it is?" from "Because that's what we observe" to "Because there's no other way for it to be". Sorry for the lengthy comment. Just felt like sharing some of my thoughts :)
Good thoughts.
The Science Asylum:Great point.I share your opinion too.Universe isn't complex for no reason.Its that apparent chaos that creates order.Only science can unravel this.Thats why I am also gonna become a physicist like Nick.☺️
Feynstein 100
May I ask in which video PBS Spacetime said that??
+Tommy White Yes, of course. Here it is:
th-cam.com/video/msVuCEs8Ydo/w-d-xo.html
You rule. You and the people at SciShow are the real superheroes!
Nick, I know your channel for a while, but I just bought your book these days. I have to say, it’s just awesome how it explains stuff that most authors just through and expect you to get it (like most physics papers). I’m 16, but I love learning sr and gr, together with QFT, though I’m just regretful of not have found your work before and have to depend on continuously reading papers that just explain the subjects partially. Really, don’t you ever stop, because your work will certainly be useful for clearing people’s minds. Btw, I’m a huge fan
SO MUCH THIS.
You done it again Nick.
Rule-A-Tivity, indeed.
Keep 'em comin'.
Exceptionally Excellent explanation in this one. Very well done. Thank You.
Rule 1 of Relativity : Don’t talk about Relativity
Rule 2 of Relativity : Do NOT talk about Relativity
It would become the best resource for understanding relativity in whole TH-cam. Thanks for making such great content.
I had bad times figuring out the notion « time »
So I made a sidesearch and end up learning that the time DO NOT run in the same speed on land and in space...
Then I understood it all... my mind was blowned🤯...(fast-fast!)
So thanks to you and your simplified version:)
I recently found your channel and I have watched your videos like 4-5 times now. They are that good 😊
Also, greetings from Albania 🇦🇱
shqipe
traf algar Hej, sa mire mor 😎
Edhe nje tjeter shqipe ktu. 😋
Waw. Sa shum mu ba qefi :)
Welcome to The Asylum! I am an American of Albanian heritage.
Absolutely brilliant as always! Never before have a seen a space-time diagram come to life like this.
OMG! Top video on relativity! Well done - now I'm waiting on the twins paradox and where the asymmetry arises! Then you covered it all!
I loved the fact that you drew things with contracted length if they are moving. Subtle detail, but satisfies the OCD nerd in me.
Wow, I actually have a deeper understanding of this stuff than I did b4. Excellent video!
You are sincerely the best youtuber at expailning stuff everytime i get confused about something I jump to your channel wich is SOOOO underated thank you so much for making learning accessible to everyone ❤
Awesome to see new vids. Keep it up. You’re the underground king of TH-cam.
Yay! Thanks! Great! Watched the relativity series earlier today (again).
That previous video was more historical. This is more practical. Both are needed :-)
He deserves lot of subscriber. His presentation is very nice
best channel ever!
F
Hello Nick , fantastic video once again.. The visuals are excellent ... Great job.. Thank you
I love this channel. Definitely under-subscribed. This is a very good video on Lorentz transformations. There is another good video about Lorentz transformations at minutephysics. These videos have really helped me understand general relativity.
I love the spacetime globe
I had known this channel before I even stumbled over the mind boggling questions of how to understand the theory of relativity, time dilation (Twin Paradox), the perspective of light itself, etc. I've been searching all across the internet and have failed to find a comprehensible explanation. Until lord Algorithm brought me back here, to a video made over 3 years ago.
This is the exact solution I have been looking for. Nick is right, the Space-Time Diagram is ultra helpful. Anything that can be visualized is WAY easier to understand. The math is to prove things, but the diagram is to understand things. He also presents all the rules before getting into the real deal, so the explanation is carefully constructed, hence solid and convincing.
You're awesome, Nick! Thank you so much!
Love it, your best yet nick, time most excellently spent. ah. Rule number 7. Extra production time = quality videos. I jumped out of bed to watch this, or did the earth move away from me and I fell towards the laptop ?? Haha
Indeed! This video took forever, but I think it was worth it.
The first time I heard about relativity, I was so confused to have almost trying to apply relativity in ethics.
In every sense ur videos are fantastic.
I am still trying to understand relativity. Amazing to think Einstein just visualized all of this in his own head. It's worth noting that Einstein was divorced from his 1st wife, which means that while he was perfectly capable of understanding relativity, he still didn't understand women lol
Another great video! Also, it was amazing to see PBS Space Time wearing your shirt! Your channel is the best science channel, keep it up!
Davis 1118
What video was it PBS Spacetime wears asylum shirt??
Wow. I finally get how the space-time diagram works. I've seen it used on numerous occasions but this really cleared the whole thing up for me. I never had a problem with the math involved but this is exceptionally more intuitive.
Glad I could help :-)
From my point of reference, this video seems twice as long as most of your videos and took longer to get posted. Well done and certainly worth the wait and worth every second or minute or whatever measurement you prefer.
Thanks! I know it took longer, but there's no way this video could have been any shorter.
Best introduction ever.
wow new video.loved it
Wow. Good explanation. Now my brain needs to digest all that.
I hope you teach young fella, I actually would have paid attention if my teachers were as entertaining as your vids :)
Your channel is very instructive and the same time funny, for all observers. It's like the speed of light, is the same for all observers. Thank you.
You're welcome :-) Glad you like it.
I like watching people squirm when I tell them technically the sun DOES revolve around the earth.
Ha!
I struggle with the space time diagrams, but I do get that as you travel at faster speeds, time slows down relative to the “stationary” observer. This helps me understand why, if I am going 55% the speed of light, a photon that passes me will still appear to be going 186,000 miles per second. My time slows down in proportion to how fast I am going, so the photon passing me still takes a “second” in my time to go 186,000 miles, even though “logically” it should take less time.
Here's a video just on light using space-time diagrams: th-cam.com/video/a9T26ItpcDA/w-d-xo.html
and the day is saved :D
Causality mantained...
I've watched the whole video.
Then I've pressed that damn little like button.
The level of amazingness is way beyond coordinates transformations...
Perhaps instead of proper time they should call it personal time
I agree. 100%.
Humans are egoistic: "I am the center of the universe and only my time is the proper one" :)
You can do an Italian transform and in Italy "proprio" means both "proper" and "personal". The Trasformata di Lorenzo preserves both observers and nobody touches your spaghett.
TheNasaDude, that's so interesting! I just checked and it's the same for German ("richtig"). Maybe the whole thing is a translation mistake?!
It is like that in german. Proper means "richtig" ("correct"), BUT, the name for this time is completely different. We call it "Eigenzeit", which has no direct translation. Its more like "own time". As far as i know, in maths "eigenvalue" and "eigenvector" are common, too. So i dont know why they dont use it in relativity...
I love your vids, you are easly the most entertaining youtube physisist/education video creator
nice kurzgesagt T-shirt :D
Briliant! That's the best explanation of relativity on the youtube. Man, you gotta make another version of this video (same topic, different wording, just to drive the point more. :) But this video already does make much sence. Thanks alot for the cartoons and diagram, it helps alot.
Hey, Nick. Do you eva experience Lucid dreaming? Relatively speaking that is. 😜
Yep! It's happened. Haven't had one in a while though.
thanks nick you are first youtuber to answer my queation thank you so much and keep up the good work
Rule #7: This stuff makes my head hurt. :)
Epic, truly epic video. Inquiring minds who want to know owe you. BIGLY!
Eva Eva, Eva Eva
Back for my monthly view of this video, I would say the concepts in this are among the most essential to understand if you want any kind of understanding of the movement of planets and solar systems relative to galactic centres and other galaxies, top notch
wait...is he wearing kurzgesagt's merch?
Relativity is one of my favorite physics subjects. Awesome video! Thanks!
Come on I was going to sleep
Me too, now i can sleep knowing someone is sleeping "with" me...
Best video by far on this subject great stuff.
Your not Brilli-Ain't, you're Brilli-Ant! And fun to watch too!
I am very enlightened. Very much Sir. Thank you.
You just blew my mind! In a good way. This is so cool.
This needs million views! Thank you for great visuals!
I like how keep emphasizing rule #1. I've been chatting with a confused student on the physics SE who can't seem to get it through their head that there _is no_ universal reference frame (which is understandable, since it is counterintuitive, even after a lot of time getting comfortable with the idea). It got to where I was just repeating myself, so I linked them to this video, hoping it will help get a little intuition.
Yeah, people keep asking me: "Who is correct though?" and the answer is everyone (even when they disagree).
@@ScienceAsylum I'm not sure, "correct" is really even the right way to think about it. I see it more like looking at different 3d _projections_ of a 4d space. I mean, the whole reason everything is relative is because we only directly perceive the 3 spacial dimensions -- we can't directly "see" things in 4d spacetime, so we instead see different _projections_ depending on reference frame. Just like how 2d creatures would perceive the same 3d ball as circles of varying sizes, depending on their basis vectors intersect the sphere. None is more correct than the others, but I also wouldn't really say they're _all_ correct either -- more than they're all equally _limited_ since they can't perceive the entire object at once. Similarly, as 3d creatures, we just see different equally limited projections of spacetime intervals, yes? Actually, I'm not sure why I didn't use this analogy with the person confused about reference frames yesterday.
Thanks for posing this. Of course, I'll have to buy your e-book.
Rick you are an excellent educator. A lot of information is available on other channels, but I find your work to be easiest to understand, and fun too!