The name of this channel is no joke. Things are indeed started clearly. It's refreshing to find a source of information that is based in coherent explanations of form and function, cascading from first principles. Should be the norm but unfortunately it's not. Education is still based largely on memorization instead of understanding. Thank you for making such valuable content 👍
@@tonyleukering8832 Yet not just memorization but often indoctrination. It's amazing how many are caught up in the evolution delusion. The narrator or developer of this animation is another one caught up in it. He's summarizes and compares the complexity of the inner workings of RNA and DNA, but then credits evolution with somehow figuring it out. Evolution figures out nothing. DNA the highly complex information system upon which all life is based did not come about by chance. That didn't happen. Random chaotic elemental interaction does not produce complex information. The information was created, it had (has) a designer. The bottom line of scientific inquiry should be who is that creator? Paul tells us in Colossians Jesus is our Creator. "Who is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of every creature: For by Him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created by Him, and for Him: And He is before all things, and by Him all things consist." Col. 1:15-17
Maybe I’m odd, but it is a numinous feeling to be living in a time when we have the scientific method to help better understand our universe and those of us living in it. To think that for billions of years, simple life flourished and then began to diversify to the point that there is us, canines, jellyfish and orchids!! It blows my mind and I love it! Thanks Stated Clearly for the thoughtful and precise explanations of the sciences. I never studied any of this in college (finance graduate), but I do love learning these things! Cheers
You might be odd, but I think that scinece lets us see the real world, and its pretty amazing, and scary, and wonderous and all the things because its really real, and we can know that for sure! That is amazing!
We have the intution of what has design. Also a sense of improbability and probability. If DNA has 6 billion letters. The 3 Letters form individual code. Sequences are instructions. Pulling random letters out of a box to form a word is not the magic, the magic is the mind who perceive it as a word. Similarly Gene from DNA means nothing unless it means something to something else. In this case nanomachines. Blow your mind is your intuition ....what do you think? what do you think it tells you? Especially if you have some idea of probability.
However, the *scientific method* is still so poorly teached in elementary schools that many people with religious background fail to understand it properly even after fully completing the elementary school. I think this is the single biggest failure of modern education system.
@thelostone6981 You aren't odd! Some people thought so in the 1600s. We know more now. But 400 more years won't hurt. Someone the will think this thought then too!
Perhaps this video can help us ask important questions like; if the DNA is stable, guarded and repaired with the amount of data available in even a pin head of it, was it designed or just happened by accident?
I can't express my gratitude for how you really made me fall in love with biology (in particular, evolution and how different relations between species emerged).I live in Iraq, where evolution is taught in a conservative way but not entirely discarded. The more I know about the interactions and the stuff that's going on in your body to keep you alive, the more I love how outstanding our existence is. Unfortunately, I'd been taught that life came in the form that it does now. It literally put down my curiosity to know more about how these fascinating organisms came to be. Again, keep up your content so more people will probably share my experience (I almost forgot to say that I'm 15 and still in school, and I use much of your material to help me get through biology classes).😊🤩❤
This is one of the best channels or sources of informations ever, and what amazes me is the Precision and quality of the informations it just incredible, I want to you to talk about the chemical structure of any organism.
Superb work as usual! I did a double take when I saw some te reo Māori in your opening title. Te Ao Mārama "the world of light" traditionally refers to when Tāne (god of forests and birds) separated his parents Ranginui (the sky father) and Papatūānuku (the earth mother). This let the sun shine in between his parents and created our world, the world of light.
I've aways thought about why we have this difference in the nucleotide T in DNA and U in RNA, its pretty interesting to see that its the same reason we have the difference between the RNA and DNA structure itself. brilliant!
Retroviruses (like HIV) do this. They have an RNA genome, they convert it to DNA once inside the cell, then they insert that DNA into the host's DNA. If you can imagine a thing, there's a virus out there somewhere doing it!
Thank you guys so much, this is really understandable and well stated clearly, May God bless the team as you guys help us to understand the wonders of His creation wich so wonderfully and amazingly testifies of Him.
Thanks - definitely stated clearly. I would like to have also seen more emphasis on how RNA folds up to form complex 2D and 3D structures allowing it to function as ribozymes.
My understanding of this is very surface level but I'm curious about something. When RNA copies are made from a double strand DNA, how does the cell know which "side" of the chain to copy from? For example, in the diagram on 1:53 the left side has a sequence of ATGCTA while the right side is coded with the "negative mold" of TACGAT. I expect that these two sequences would do very different things when being read by a protein so I'm curious to know the mechanism that makes sure the right side is coped. Also, I remember you mentioned in another video or on your second channel about how entire genes are re-inserted into the DNA chain by accident which leads to unintended side effects. If my understanding is accurate and there is such a case of "the wrong side of DNA" being copied, could that be a source of mutation?
Eventually I'll do a video on Transcription (the process you're asking about). In short, transcription factors (proteins, many of which can latch onto specific sequences of DNA) get the process started. Their sequence specificity allows them to select the correct strand and the correct spot on that strand.
I love the way at the end you had some questions and said "These are mysteries that you, dear viewer, might solve." Rather than "these are mysteries that you can solve by subscribing to Brilliant" or "Curiosity Stream"
Look here 1:35 ... a functional chain of RNA (Ribozyme) so "I guess that means it make protein by combining different parts" because that's what RNA is for right?
You can learn about that specific ribozyme in our animation "What is the RNA world hypothesis?". www.statedclearly.com/videos/rna-world/ It's one that make nucleotides. Here's a paper about it: www.sfu.ca/~punrau/pdfs/Lau_JACS_2004.pdf
Uracil instead of Thymine as well as Ribose instead of Deoxiribose. Because of the later RNA is much less stable than DNA - so DNA is the better storage medium.
Hi! This is an excellent, well- informing video, which I thank you so much for! I am a first-year student (education- Biology) and now need to make animated videos myself. I've worked with easier videos that is basically picture slideshows with sound. Still wondering how to make things move like in this video though... May I please have the honour of getting some of your expert tips? :)
One hypothesis for the transition from RNA to DNA involves the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which can copy RNA sequences into DNA. This enzyme is still found in retroviruses, which use RNA as their genetic material and convert it into DNA to integrate into host genomes. Early life forms might have developed similar enzymes, enabling the conversion of RNA genomes into DNA.
No way this “evolved” from non living things. And how do you explain topoisomerase, a molecular machine, which untangles DNA? Which came first? DNA is not long, it is a SIX FOOT long molecule that fits inside a microscopic cell.
You missed an important detail *chiralty* the fact that DNA and RNA bases are exclusively *right handed* while the amino acids they code for are exclusively *left handed* means the difficulty of prebiotic chemistry building a living cell with all the basic functional machinery required of life by random processes is beyond the capacity of this universe! The first reason being the total number of microstates in the system of all the RNA molecules required to build even one of the molecular machines required makes the haystack too big and needle vanishingly small. The second reason is only a mind can give *meaning* to information it is not possible from random chemistry and since DNA is exactly analogous to a library of books containing vital information with meaning we know only a mind is capable of producing it. The third reason is cell machinery is machinery in an engineering sense being an assembly of matter designed to convert a specific input into a desired output thus implying agency or conscious intent. Plus all the parts must be made and assembled at the same time and in the same place according to a strict plan! An impossible hurdle for natural selection of minor random changes.
Everything is possible, life might as well be soooo rare that it only happened once in the whole endless universe, and we would have no way of knowing. No matter how impossible something seems, it's still possinle enough to happen. I can give you a 1 in a 10000000000000000000000 number, the same applies here
The name of this channel is no joke. Things are indeed started clearly. It's refreshing to find a source of information that is based in coherent explanations of form and function, cascading from first principles. Should be the norm but unfortunately it's not. Education is still based largely on memorization instead of understanding. Thank you for making such valuable content 👍
Indeed, we are not, in general, taught to think, only to remember.
@@tonyleukering8832 Yet not just memorization but often indoctrination. It's amazing how many are caught up in the evolution delusion. The narrator or developer of this animation is another one caught up in it. He's summarizes and compares the complexity of the inner workings of RNA and DNA, but then credits evolution with somehow figuring it out. Evolution figures out nothing. DNA the highly complex information system upon which all life is based did not come about by chance. That didn't happen. Random chaotic elemental interaction does not produce complex information. The information was created, it had (has) a designer. The bottom line of scientific inquiry should be who is that creator? Paul tells us in Colossians Jesus is our Creator. "Who is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of every creature: For by Him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created by Him, and for Him: And He is before all things, and by Him all things consist." Col. 1:15-17
Maybe I’m odd, but it is a numinous feeling to be living in a time when we have the scientific method to help better understand our universe and those of us living in it. To think that for billions of years, simple life flourished and then began to diversify to the point that there is us, canines, jellyfish and orchids!! It blows my mind and I love it! Thanks Stated Clearly for the thoughtful and precise explanations of the sciences. I never studied any of this in college (finance graduate), but I do love learning these things!
Cheers
You might be odd, but I think that scinece lets us see the real world, and its pretty amazing, and scary, and wonderous and all the things because its really real, and we can know that for sure! That is amazing!
We have the intution of what has design. Also a sense of improbability and probability. If DNA has 6 billion letters. The 3 Letters form individual code. Sequences are instructions. Pulling random letters out of a box to form a word is not the magic, the magic is the mind who perceive it as a word. Similarly Gene from DNA means nothing unless it means something to something else. In this case nanomachines. Blow your mind is your intuition ....what do you think? what do you think it tells you? Especially if you have some idea of probability.
However, the *scientific method* is still so poorly teached in elementary schools that many people with religious background fail to understand it properly even after fully completing the elementary school.
I think this is the single biggest failure of modern education system.
@thelostone6981
You aren't odd!
Some people thought so in the 1600s.
We know more now. But 400 more years won't hurt. Someone the will think this thought then too!
Perhaps this video can help us ask important questions like; if the DNA is stable, guarded and repaired with the amount of data available in even a pin head of it, was it designed or just happened by accident?
I can't express my gratitude for how you really made me fall in love with biology (in particular, evolution and how different relations between species emerged).I live in Iraq, where evolution is taught in a conservative way but not entirely discarded. The more I know about the interactions and the stuff that's going on in your body to keep you alive, the more I love how outstanding our existence is. Unfortunately, I'd been taught that life came in the form that it does now. It literally put down my curiosity to know more about how these fascinating organisms came to be. Again, keep up your content so more people will probably share my experience (I almost forgot to say that I'm 15 and still in school, and I use much of your material to help me get through biology classes).😊🤩❤
New Stated Clearly videos always make me happy
I would have loved it if this video existed back when I was in school, but I'm still grateful for it even now that I'm working on my thesis!
This is one of the best channels or sources of informations ever, and what amazes me is the Precision and quality of the informations it just incredible, I want to you to talk about the chemical structure of any organism.
Thank you for always clearing my concepts it's really helpful for my upcoming exam
Your explanations and animations are amazing. Thanks so much for all that you do.
The best I have seen today on explaining the difference between DNA and RNA. Thank you so much!
I enjoy videos like these. Keep making them!
Thanks!
I live in Auckland and I APPRECIATE UOA sponsoring this great and simply explained video
It's been a long time, welcome back. :)
Love this channel, i will use this in future to explain these concepts to my son
So far the best video on DNA and RNA on the internet! Thank u so much
no doubt you stated clearly all the concepts about dna your teaching way and animation is amazing
Superb work as usual! I did a double take when I saw some te reo Māori in your opening title. Te Ao Mārama "the world of light" traditionally refers to when Tāne (god of forests and birds) separated his parents Ranginui (the sky father) and Papatūānuku (the earth mother). This let the sun shine in between his parents and created our world, the world of light.
I like how upgraded are your animations are now.
The sounds and detailed information that intersect with previous videos.
Thank you
The best video for knowing the different between RNA and DNA. Thank you so much for making these kind of valuable informative videos.
I've aways thought about why we have this difference in the nucleotide T in DNA and U in RNA, its pretty interesting to see that its the same reason we have the difference between the RNA and DNA structure itself. brilliant!
It's always a great day to see a new video from you, sir.
I am glad to see another science video from you!
Do you know rather or not there is an example of an RNA virus switching to use DNA?
Retroviruses (like HIV) do this. They have an RNA genome, they convert it to DNA once inside the cell, then they insert that DNA into the host's DNA.
If you can imagine a thing, there's a virus out there somewhere doing it!
Thank you guys so much, this is really understandable and well stated clearly, May God bless the team as you guys help us to understand the wonders of His creation wich so wonderfully and amazingly testifies of Him.
Thank you. I got a clear idea while studying for my Biology 10. Thank you again!
Clear - Simple - Great
Wow I love this channel, everything is stated clearly!
Thanks - definitely stated clearly. I would like to have also seen more emphasis on how RNA folds up to form complex 2D and 3D structures allowing it to function as ribozymes.
My understanding of this is very surface level but I'm curious about something. When RNA copies are made from a double strand DNA, how does the cell know which "side" of the chain to copy from? For example, in the diagram on 1:53 the left side has a sequence of ATGCTA while the right side is coded with the "negative mold" of TACGAT. I expect that these two sequences would do very different things when being read by a protein so I'm curious to know the mechanism that makes sure the right side is coped. Also, I remember you mentioned in another video or on your second channel about how entire genes are re-inserted into the DNA chain by accident which leads to unintended side effects.
If my understanding is accurate and there is such a case of "the wrong side of DNA" being copied, could that be a source of mutation?
Eventually I'll do a video on Transcription (the process you're asking about). In short, transcription factors (proteins, many of which can latch onto specific sequences of DNA) get the process started. Their sequence specificity allows them to select the correct strand and the correct spot on that strand.
Great video. Simplified and spot on.
Very well done. You even don't forget to name all the exceptions to the general rule several times.
What an excellent discussion! Thank you.
that's a great presentation mate. very clear. just subscribed, looking forward to more.
I love the way at the end you had some questions and said "These are mysteries that you, dear viewer, might solve." Rather than "these are mysteries that you can solve by subscribing to Brilliant" or "Curiosity Stream"
... aaaand you have ruined it with your advertisement of those ...
can anyone tell me what is happening in the animation at 9:33
Look here 1:35 ... a functional chain of RNA (Ribozyme) so "I guess that means it make protein by combining different parts" because that's what RNA is for right?
You can learn about that specific ribozyme in our animation "What is the RNA world hypothesis?". www.statedclearly.com/videos/rna-world/
It's one that make nucleotides. Here's a paper about it: www.sfu.ca/~punrau/pdfs/Lau_JACS_2004.pdf
Thank you, that was very helpful.
You sound very sick please take a break I love yout videos they are so easy to follow your health matters
It helped me a lot! Awesome channel❤
The difference between thymine and uracil is a methyl group
Great video, thank you so much!
Its awesome one of your videos. Thanks for your good work.
Uracil instead of Thymine as well as Ribose instead of Deoxiribose. Because of the later RNA is much less stable than DNA - so DNA is the better storage medium.
Isn't there a rare 5th RNA base? I heard something about it in highschool biology, but can't remember it's name. I think it started with "i".
Finally. A new video
Hi! This is an excellent, well- informing video, which I thank you so much for! I am a first-year student (education- Biology) and now need to make animated videos myself. I've worked with easier videos that is basically picture slideshows with sound. Still wondering how to make things move like in this video though... May I please have the honour of getting some of your expert tips? :)
Can you make a video that explains how rna became dna a long time ago? thanks
One hypothesis for the transition from RNA to DNA involves the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which can copy RNA sequences into DNA. This enzyme is still found in retroviruses, which use RNA as their genetic material and convert it into DNA to integrate into host genomes. Early life forms might have developed similar enzymes, enabling the conversion of RNA genomes into DNA.
Thank you for the video.
Such a good video
Love you voice!
Superb video. ❤
Nice video 👍👍👍👍
I think it's about time I actually subscribed, don'tcha think? 😁
Dave! Welcome!
So if DNA is long term storage and RNA is the copied instructions then DNA is like the hard drive and RNA is like the RAM
Enlightening
Brilliant!
This is good!
Not enough credit is given to videos like this!
Thanks for the video :)
_"RNA is fragile, reactive and easily falls apart"_ something overlooked in the RNA world hypothesis!
Class 🌟
who said it first form equal function?
Form follows function-that has been misunderstood. Form and function should be one, joined in a spiritual union.
-Frank Lloyd Wright
the video twist it. Function comes before form, not the orher way around.
Huge Gap between Videos..... why ?
This video made me realize that ribosomes are named after ribonucleic acid.
Nice!
Excellent content, wish the algo would push this content instead of the typical anencephalic nonsense
It's like a permanent memory vs ram. You copy the data off the memory and manipulate it in the ram.
TLDR: DNA and RNA have distinct structures and roles, with DNA providing stability for storage and RNA providing activity for protein production.
👏👏👏
Simply Explained :- DNA is hard drive, RNA are RAM and Ribosome is printer.
It was tasty content indeed
Form follows function. The brain?
💞
🌿❤🌺❤🌿
Funny I always use the same library analogy to explain DNA and RNA
How RNA got started is still a mystery?
Yes, current models are incomplete. For details, see my video "What is the RNA world hypothesis?"
All glory goes to God.
No way this “evolved” from non living things. And how do you explain topoisomerase, a molecular machine, which untangles DNA? Which came first? DNA is not long, it is a SIX FOOT long molecule that fits inside a microscopic cell.
Turkish subtitles please
Rna is like a clone of your true self.
It's not a spiral it's a helix
Spirals are 2 dimensional
@@grindelston5968 Have you ever been on a spiral staircase?
You missed an important detail *chiralty* the fact that DNA and RNA bases are exclusively *right handed* while the amino acids they code for are exclusively *left handed* means the difficulty of prebiotic chemistry building a living cell with all the basic functional machinery required of life by random processes is beyond the capacity of this universe!
The first reason being the total number of microstates in the system of all the RNA molecules required to build even one of the molecular machines required makes the haystack too big and needle vanishingly small.
The second reason is only a mind can give *meaning* to information it is not possible from random chemistry and since DNA is exactly analogous to a library of books containing vital information with meaning we know only a mind is capable of producing it.
The third reason is cell machinery is machinery in an engineering sense being an assembly of matter designed to convert a specific input into a desired output thus implying agency or conscious intent. Plus all the parts must be made and assembled at the same time and in the same place according to a strict plan! An impossible hurdle for natural selection of minor random changes.
Everything is possible, life might as well be soooo rare that it only happened once in the whole endless universe, and we would have no way of knowing. No matter how impossible something seems, it's still possinle enough to happen. I can give you a 1 in a 10000000000000000000000 number, the same applies here
😢😂 the way y😢 make 😂
Who writes all the comments for you and all the other BS science sites? Is this what AI was initially designed for?
Who will do graphics for me, to show the world how the actual world works, and it's not a spinning ball
A flat earther? I really hoped you guys were all gone since 2018
Please explain in Hindi
Thanks!
Thank you!
Thanks!