Anti-VEGF Drugs

Monoclonal antibodies from the anti-VEGF drug series are widely used in ophthalmology; the concept is very simple: a monoclonal antibody means that it is an antibody produced in an infinite series, therefore these antibodies can be produced starting from an antibody, multiplied by N times. We then have a molecule available that has the ability to adhere to a certain antigen, and therefore we can use them to neutralize any molecule within our body that we are interested in neutralizing.
In the case of the ischemia of the retina, the eye stimulates vasoproliferation, therefore both in the case of diabetic retinopathy and thrombosis of the central retinal vein, and in the case of maculopathies, the eye, again which has a relative local ischemia, calls for new vessels to inhabit it. The retina with having no oxygen, says to the vessels next to it, "come help me and bring me some oxygen, bring me something to eat, let me breathe."
This, which would seem as a good thing, is actually a very bad thing, because the vessels that are going to form again are bad vessels, which should not exist.
We have a quantity of vessels in our bodies that are already sufficient in number, therefore calling for new vessels is very negative because these propagate incorrectly and go to inhabit areas that would not have been inhabited. The eye is a transparent organ, with very delicate structures and it is well understood that by putting in it vessels that grow in bulk, that pull, that move, that tear and bleed, a great mess is created.
The anti-VEGF drugs act precisely at this point in the chain of these events, therefore they are monoclonal antibodies that act on VEGF, which is the growth factor of the endothelial cells of the vessels, therefore, practically block the vasoproliferation and are a very powerful weapon that we have at our disposal, extremely widespread in the world of ophthalmology and is easy to use because the anti-VEGF is inserted directly into the vitreous cavity and let us remember that the eye has a blood-ocular barrier that causes a drug placed at inside the virtual cavity has practically no contact with the blood and therefore with the rest of the body. Thus, it is very safe because our drug has only a local action and side effects are very close to 0.
The disadvantage of these monoclonal antibodies is that they do not have an eternal life and therefore, when inserted inside the eye, they have an action that can last a few weeks. Hence, the need to have to perform these injections again and again.
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