Thyroid Gland and Hormones
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 พ.ค. 2024
- Dr Mike discusses the thyroid gland and function of the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4).
This video includes:
- Role of iodine in thyroid hormone production
- How T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) is produced
- Role of the hypothalamus (thyrotropin releasing hormone)
- Role of the anterior pituitary gland (Thyroid stimulating hormone)
- Role of selenium in T3 production
- Where thyroid hormones work in the body?
- Hyperthyroidism (Graves diseases)
- Hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's thyroiditis)
And more!!
![Thyroid Hormone Synthesis: Step-By-Step Pathway [Physiology Explained]](/img/n.gif)
Points:
1. Thyroid glands consist of follicular cells (thyrocytes) that contain colloid in them where the thyroid hormone is made
2. We need 150ug of iodine to maintain healthy thyroid function. Thyroid glands store 8000ug to last us 50 days. Iodine is gained from food (eggs, dairy, seafood).
3. Iodine is not charged whereas Iodide is charged. Iodide is absorbed from the GIT that transports them to follicular cells along the basal Na/Iodide symporters. It gets transported into the apical side and enters the colloid where the iodide gets oxidised (loses an electron) by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
4. Once oxidised the iodine binds to thyroglobulin (Tg) via peroxidase enzyme. It forms monoiodotyrosine (MIT) and diiodotyrosine (DIT)
5. DIT + DIT --> Tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine T4) - 5000ug stored in our thyroid gland [makes 80%]
6. MIT + DIT --> Tri-iodothyronine (T3) [makes 20%]
7. T4 must be converted to T3 to have effect in body via de-iodinase (has Selenium at center) and there's two types of this enzyme Type 1 (T1 found in kidney + liver) and Type 2 (T2 found in brain, pituitary)
8. 80% of the thyroid hormones are bound to TBP (thyroxine binding protein) and remaining 20% are bound to albumin. Only 1% is free.
9. T3 enters cell nucleus to work on the DNA and alter transcription (copies) that affects growth, development and metabolism. A mother with low thyroid hormone and iodine sees developmental issues in the foetus as its vital in the nervous system development.
10. What activates the entire cascade is TSH (thyrotropin releasing hormone) from the master regulator, the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. TSH is dependent on the levels of T4/T3 in the blood. If too much is present, the TSH does not get released.
thanks mate it was very helpful
Super duper thank you.
Honestly thought I was going to fail my physiology exam until I started binge watching your videos. My lecturer does not explain things the way you do and the visuals make the learning much easier to comprehend. BLESS THIS CHANNEL!!!!
In which class do you study these topics??
@@utkarsh5290 Anatomy and Physiology II
Been hearing about TSH, T4 & T3 for a long time, but never really understood how they work until now. Great teaching!
Your videos are actually saving my life. Ever since i subscribed i never missed any videos u post. Actually i am amazed at how brillantly u explain the every minute details of the topic. Some of the videos are so valuable that even before entering the exam hall i listen to your lecture without touching the book. Really really thank u soo much sir for your hard work. Please keep posting for i eagerly wait for your videos. Thank u!
Thank you, Shreya!! Makes me very happy!
Obviously , accurate👍
Actually, what you say in your video lecturers even not have written in our book.
I smashed my quizzes and exam thanks to your videos! I studied by reading and writing notes but your videos made me understand what I was trying to learn! Thank so much xx
That’s awesome!! Congratulations! I am so happy that the videos help!
- Mike
Your videos save me for this coming exam!! thank you so much!! I can understand your videos rather than listening to my prof for 5 hours straight. I hope you create more videos, bless this channel!
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u have literally saved my life. the way u explain things is just absolutley perfect, never change ur style. i absolutely love you.
Thank you for being my teacher despite living on opposite sides of the world. Very grateful for your channel and all of the content that you produce. You explain every topic brilliantly. Sincerely thank you so much.
The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland that is located in the front of the neck, below the Adam's apple. It is part of the endocrine system, which is a network of glands that produce and release hormones that regulate many functions in the body. The thyroid produces two main hormones, called thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which control the rate of metabolism, or how the body uses energy. The thyroid also produces a hormone called calcitonin, which helps regulate the level of calcium in the blood. The thyroid needs iodine, a mineral found in some foods and salt, to make its hormones. The production and release of thyroid hormones are controlled by another hormone, called thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is made by the pituitary gland in the brain. When the thyroid is working properly, it maintains a balance of hormones that keep the body functioning normally. However, sometimes the thyroid can become overactive (hyperthyroidism) or underactive (hypothyroidism), causing various symptoms and health problems. Thyroid disease is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It can be diagnosed with blood tests that measure the levels of thyroid hormones and TSH in the blood. Thyroid disease can be treated with medication, surgery, or radioactive iodine, depending on the cause and severity of the condition.
Thank you Doctor Mike your videos deserve millions of views they have helped me understand things no other teacher has been able to explain as clearly
Your tutorials are so very valuable to me!!!!!! I learn so much from each and every one!!! I subscribed to your channel some time ago and I watch every one, sometimes, over and over again. Thank you so much for continuing to post these!!!! (HA) My own Dr. told me the other day " your one of the most intelligent patients I have." It's not me! It's Dr. Matt & Dr. Mike's Medical TH-cam channel!!! Please keep them coming. Again, Thank you!!!
This makes me very happy, Jane!! Thank you for watching and the kind feedback!!
- Dr. Mike
Thanks Dr. Mike, this video saved my life. Unfortunately, my teachers cannot explain well during online classes.
Thanks a lot for helping us.
Your videos have been so helpful while studying for my anatomy and physiology class!! Finally understanding how all of the different bits of information I learn in my lecture are interconnected
Thanks , DR. Mike you always explain and break down the information , and make the concept easy to understand .
Glad you still make videos..I am in nursing school now but still come here to watch your videos..thank you..you are amazing
Thank you, Kodi!!!
Thank you very much for helping us understand the symptom of Thyroid problems 👍🙏
I have watched this video several times. You are a fantastic and engaging teacher. I’m so grateful to have you as my “study buddy.”
Hyperthyroidism is curable and I cured mine with herbal medication from Dr iyaremoses on TH-cam whom I his recommendation here and reach out to get his herbs and it works for me.
You have a real gift - complex subjects explained with great clarity and engagement. Thank you so much!
Thank you! Your videos are such a life saver for last min preps.
Thank you so much you made this make sense to me. I've been reading my notes and I was just lost, now I have an understanding! Again, THANK YOU!
Best video on this topic Ive found so far!
I'm letting you know I enjoyed this, Dr. Mike.
My uni doesn't offer a single lecture for our pathophysiology paper,,, purely relying on self study and one tutorial a week. I'm heavily replying on your lecture video Dr Mike, so lucky these days have youtube access. Thank you sooooo much !
Your videos are amazing! Thanks for all your hard work!
Excellent video. Very clear and simple. Job well done!
you are saving my life!!! so so well done and explained
Excellent thyroid breakdown!
BEST MD LECTURE ON THYROID ! GOT ALL INFOR ABOUT THRYOIDISM
You are super good at explaining. This makes so much sense now! Thank you so much. Your videos are super helpful! :)
I like to picture the thyroid as some puppet master that controls various functions such as metabolism, digestion, body temp, and so forth with strings. Little does the thyroid know that it is actually itself being controlled by the true puppeteer: the pituitary gland! This analogy really helped it all make sense for me. Love the video by the way!
You’re a great teacher! Thanks!
You know ! The best explanation of thyroid gland thank you
Thanks Dr Mike, this was an extremely helpful explanation. The combination of your drawing and words is excellent (and, for me, massively preferable to the format of video in which you see someone's hand drawing on paper/board in pen sped up, I don't get on with that format at all).
It's all making a lot more sense now
Honestly, u helped me a lot wth ur amazing explanations and mind maps. Thanks alot. I will always give u the credits.
Your tutorials are wonderful,thank you so very much 🙏🙏🙏🙏
Really amazing. Thank you so much!
Loved this video, thank you. very informative and detailed!
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wow!! what a presentation!! excellent Dr. Mike!!
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Hello, i have been watching your videos since i found your channel 3 months ago and they have been extremely helpful and informative. I was wondering if you could make a video on hashimoto's disease?
This video helped me so much! Thank you!
I love to watch your vedio
superb, concisely delivered
your videos are the best way to understand and learn.
Have you come across Dr iyaremoses on TH-cam herbal treatment, it removes my hypothyroidism completely..
This was very informative. Thank you doctor.
You are simple the best ! Thank you
Wonderful video. Thank you🙏🏼
Thankyou dr Mike you helped me so much in learning new things before move to the textbooks ❤❤
thank you thank you thank you very much you have no idea how helpful this was to me
Amazing video! Thank you dr Mike!
Thank you Dr.Mike!!! Thank you.
Sir, your video really cleared my all doubts.❤
You're a weapon mate - brilliant lecture
Thanks, Bob!!
Thank you!!
Very clear explanation
Thank you so much.U are brilliant.U literally just sorted my medical problem.
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wonderful explanation
This was so helpful
Thank you very much
Amazing dr., lecture, informations and teaching techniques. Thank you for everything❤
Have you come across Dr iyaremoses on TH-cam herbal treatment, it removes my hypothyroidism completely..
An amazing teacher with amazing teaching skills!! I love watching your videos. I never got a teacher like u before. Your videos are so interesting that I love 🥰🤩watching them even after a super dreary day. They make my day☺.
I've been asked, following a blood test, to visit my doctor regarding my thyroid. Not knowing the first thing about what it is and does, for me your video is brilliant though I will need to run through it a couple of times. As a jazz musician I enjoy breaking things down (structures) and enjoy (musically) seeing how the component parts are put together. With your video, I of course understand that the workings are far more complex, but you do at least show in a very clear way the basics of what the thyroid is and how it functions. Thank you indeed. JC
Have you come across Dr iyaremoses on TH-cam herbal treatment, it removes my hypothyroidism completely..
The most amazing video and I actually understand what's going on (wish my med school Prof taught like this)!!!
Thank you so much. It was explained very clearly
Wow, so interesting. Thank you!
Many thanks. MCAT studying and this level of detail helps to solidify the details necessary for the MCAT. It is also good prep for medical school.
amazing explanation, as always
You… are… AMAZING!! Such a beast!!!
Just too good...you make it looks easy ✅
One of my best doctor ❤
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Amazing as always✨🙏
Thank you very much. Even it’s not my mother language it was so incredible good that it was fun to me to watch and learn.
Thank you for...this video is awesome
You are the best sir you make it very easy to understand thanks very much ❤
This info is so darn good, but the volume is too low. It's an older video so maybe you have a more recent version that is easier to hear. Thanks for all your help!
Have you come across Dr iyaremoses on TH-cam herbal treatment, it removes my hypothyroidism completely..
It helps a lotttt for my nutritional biochemistry paper ...really i was searching for best video to explain about thyroxine hormone but i was not that much fulfilled with some video. then at last when i lost my hope to get a good video, this one is suggested for me, but when looking at the length of the video i thought of skiping this but for sure i would say this is the valuable treasure for my whole day search. Thank you sir for this amazing explanation.
All thanks to DR IYAREMOSES on TH-cam. I have been sick from hyperthyroidism for several years now but I recovered after I contacted him thank you doc
Thank you handsome doctor😭😭u saved my exam
Thank you doctor mike🙏
This was great., thank you
nicely explained. tks
so good. i wanna cry. god bless you dr!!!!
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Thank you so much. Very helpful
Hyperthyroidism is curable and I cured mine with herbal medication from Dr iyaremoses on TH-cam whom I his recommendation here and reach out to get his herbs and it works for me.
thank you so much I am really enjoyed ❤️
Hyperthyroidism is curable and I cured mine with herbal medication from Dr iyaremoses on TH-cam whom I his recommendation here and reach out to get his herbs and it works for me.
thank you so much.....helped a lot
OMG how do you remember so much, I have to do an exam today and feel like I have forgotten everything.
It's because this doctor loves what he does.He also learnt his material very well.
It was really educational to watch this as someone with hypothyroidism, my doctor wouldn't listen to me that just because my TSH level is normal I still suffer from all the symptoms and refused a T3, T4 blood test.😊 Now I can give a more educated response in why I think that blood test should be done and better advocate for myself. I am also fascinated by anything medical related and understanding more about different illnesses, diseases. Guess I should have become a doctor 🤔
If a could I would give two thumbs up! 😁
I am having the same problem.Please find urself a doctor who does listen.Always remember , that you employ ur doctor to look after ur health.If u employed a repair man , and that repairman did not do a good job ...u would fire him.Why not fire ur doc.
absolutely amazing - I have learned so much about hormones. Especially for women in the menopause very relevant!!! Stay on topic - this is th ;-)
U are a really good Dr
May allah blessed you
Hi, thanks for the video and your podcasts!
I just have a little question about goiter.
Is it an enlargement of the thyroid due to increased colloid volume, or is it due to hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia? (If anyone else have an answer, please comment, thanks)
Your videos are very amazing... Support from India.....
This was really helpful Doc.Thank you so much. I only need to learn your accent to get some of the pronunciations lol.Keep it up
you are like a god for me thanks a lot sir
thanks Dr Mike
awesome teacher and extremly handsome
Can you do a video on Hashimoto's disease? How Levothyroxine produces the effects of T3 and T4, is that correct? How long does it take for the levels to decrease and by how much, if a dose is skipped and what happens. Thank you
Sir Your Videos are interesting and Our School uses your videos for explanation.
Sir can you make detailed video on effects of thyroid hormones
Thank you for your video. However, I would like to know the side effect of having the normal T4 and high T3 as well as high TSH. What is your advice on that. Thank you
Thank you so much from india
Thx dr , we need the pdf of this lecture please
Is the placement of the thyroid on the trachea relevant at all?
Thyroids and platelets!
How do they work together?...!
I really need to know Invention is the Mother of Necessity.
In dark ages (during USSR) my grandma had thyroid together with parathyroid, removed due to tumor. She is still kicking strong :) she is 94. She never took any hormone replacement. She is healthier that most of us …. I am wondering how is it possible …. Her sugar drops from time to time but pops in a candy and she is good to go.
Hope your Nan is doing well. Human bodies are complex... biology is fascinating.