What are the Purpose and Elements of the Railway Track?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 พ.ย. 2020
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- In one of the previous videos we talked about rail signaling as one of the key elements of the railway system. Today, we’ll talk about another such element, also crucial for the existence and functioning of the railway traffic. The railway track.
Railway track is a multilayered construction which typicaly includes rails, fish plates (also called joint bars or splice bars), rail fastening system, sleepers (also called ties), ballast and optionally a so called sub-ballast.
In this video we discuss the purpose of each of these elemets in the railway track, but also the role of the railway track as a whole.
All elements of the railway track must be able to absorb and transfer all forces resulting from the movements of trains (heavy static pressure plus dynamic impacts), and that from rails to sleepers, from sleepers to ballast, and finally from ballast to the base layer of the railway track.
At the end of the video, we briefly explained the ballast-less track (slab track), a type of modern and advanced railway track, in which the traditional elastic combination of sleepers and ballast is replaced by a rigid construction made of concrete or asphalt.
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Great video again. Just one remark: Beside jointed rails with fishplates there is also continuous welded rail. Welded rails are more expensive to lay than jointed rails, but have much lower maintenance costs.
Exactly. And better performance as well. 😎
Thumb up.HSR usually use the welded rails CZ the impact of a passing train to fishplate.
And they're hella long!
Is there any non welded mayor railway anymore?
Very curvy lines are still laid with jointed track because the tensions when warming up or cooling down would otherwise move the track in curves sidewards. Otherwise continuously welded rail is preferred, also because it gives a much smoother and quieter ride.
I do want to correct you on the wheel to track depiction. The flanges on the wheels do not make contact with the rail under normal operation. There is a gap between the flange and rail head. The part of the wheel that rides on the track is tapered where the diameter of the wheel is greatest at the flange. This taper causes the wheel set to center itself while rolling. When going around a curve, the wheel on the outside of the curve moves toward the flange, the taper causes the outside wheel to increase it's diameter at the contact point with the rail and the inside wheel's diameter to decrease, thus causing the wheel set to follow the curve without the flange rubbing on the track. The only time the flange makes contact with the rail is during extreme cornering, such as when changing tracks while going through a set of points. When you hear that high pitched squeal when a train is moving, that's the flange rubbing on the rail head. If it did this all of the time, the wheels and rails would wear out quite quickly and would need to be replaced way more often then they are now.
Excellent description...10/10!
Wow ! Ok , didn't know that , it's ingenious and it all seems so simple , except there is a lot of science and engineering behind it.
Thank you for taking the time to type out the long version of the explanation ; much appreciated !!
For anyone having a tough time visualising this, there's a great animation by Lesics that explains it in detail: th-cam.com/video/XzgryPhtc1Y/w-d-xo.html
Great comment
Should be pinned, if only multiple comments can be pinned
@@deus_ex_machina_ thank you
Learning how the stuff actually works and the names was enjoyable. Some of this stuff I'd heard of before but didn't understand. I have a better appreciation for the engineering involved in an element I never gave much thought to. I didn't understand the math, of course, as I wasn't taught that level of math at school, never mind physics. I got the gist of it, though. Thanks for the video!
So few gauges, in Australia there are at least 14, although I will admit that only 3 are used for mainline operations.
The video doesn't mention that most steel wheeled metro systems use ballastless railway tracks especially in the underground and elevated segments. Although, the at ground segments including metro systems and other types of trains frequently use railway track with ballast.
A fishplate (french : éclisse) was also the cause of the brétigny accident. It was lacking some bolt so it detached itself and got stuck inside a switch, making a train derail (with victims among people waiting for the RER nearby.)
For one more time: well done! 😎
Thanks for support.
This was the best railroad show I have seen. I learned more about the railroad track I have not learned before. I thought that a sleeper is only a concrete rail tie. The modern track that was shown is suitable for track with welded rails, except on trestles. Your show enhances my appreciation for the railroad. Thank you for clean, clear and thorough explanations about the railroad track.
You might like to know that sleepers made from recycled heavy grade plastic are now being used in the UK and presumably soon elsewhere.
The manufacturers say that they're frost/oil/sunlight - proof and last longer than anything used up to now.
@@JP_TaVeryMuch I am delighted to learn that sleepers are made of other materials besides, wood, concrete and metal. I think that some rapid transit systems can use heavy-duty plastic rail ties on trestles, as in elevated steel bridges, as an alternative to wood ties. Thank you for tapping or typing to me.
Keep up this excellent work guys! Im an urban planning student in Colombia and your videos have helped me understand lots of the engeneering aspects of trains... I hope one day we can bring back trains to my country :)
We are glad we helped. That's why we launched this channel.
@@RailwaysExplained Thank you for tapping or typing to me. Happy Railroading!
Here on US freight railways they're ripping out concrete ties on some section of track and going back to wooden. They were supposed to be more durable than wood but ended up cracking/falling apart earlier. Word is the company who made the ties defrauded the rail roads by using the wrong mix(ie cheaper) of concrete. Or could be that the rail roads spec'd a cheap grade of concrete that didn't last. Whatever the case there is a lot of finger pointing/blame going around and its cost the rail roads a lot more money than if they had just stuck with wooden ties.
Concrete ties are not ideal everywhere. Coal dust destroys them pretty readily, for example. Many Europeans don't really seem to grasp this.
Just amazing as always....
A topic for a future video:-All Track Gauges Explained
Keep it up :)
That will be one of our future video for sure. Thanks for support and stay tuned.
@@RailwaysExplained Ako niste, mogli biste, o prevodnici koloseka ili kako se već zove. Pozdrav i sretan rad!
6:52 Just a small correction, for this diagram, the (/cm^2) part is not needed, a pascal already is defined as 1N/m^2. The numerical value is also wrong, as 10 tons = 10,000 kilograms = (on earth) ~100,000N. 1.3cm^2 = 0.00013 m^2. 100,000N/0.00013m^2~770 MPa, much higher than your calculated value of 7.7 MPa. However, I think your example still works, as 100,000N/1 m^2 at the soil level is 100 kPa, which is still below the compressive strength of compacted soil.
Yeah it felt abit weird seeing N/cm^2
brilliant well researched video which sad to say most people take for granted !!!!!!!!!!!!
Another great video as always. Thank you!!!
Thanks. Keep the Railways Explained videos coming.
Good job, keep doing what you are doing.
Great content, thank you for explaining basics of railways so beautiful & easily 🥰
Many thanks for the great and simplified information.
Nice summary. Thanks for posting
Good to hear about the components that go into railway track and until I saw this video I thought it was all done by ballast underneath
nice, now I kinda understand how come the rails stay in place despite such big loads :)
At 07:37, it's the Tehachapi Loop in Kern County, California!
Very interesting and educational, thanks for sharing ! 😊🇨🇦
Another great video and one I will use to teach my trainees. Thank you again.
You're welcome.
great explanation. Good job
excellent! as always!
Man kann viel aus euren Videos lernen! Wie immer, gut erklärt! 🙂
Vielen Dank! :)
I hope to see a show about welded rails. Will you please make one?
Good channel. Could you explain this "why are the rails gap awelding?" oldiest time our teacher tell us rails must have gap because summer time iron gets expand. Old railway picture shows us this whirling. These summer more hot than days and trains are so faster. Thank you.
great video - thanks
Brilliant ... well done
The main causes of death were maltreatment, starvation, overwork and disease. The work itself was gruelling and dangerous. Apart from building bridges, it involved clearing jungle, then constructing embankments or cuttings on steep hills to ensure the gradient of the track was gentle enough for the trains.
Well done, sir.
great video, thank!
Thank you ! I learnt a bit about railway tracks and found it most interesting. 👍
Glad to hear that!
To Railways Explained:
You throw slab track and ballastless track into one box. That is not correct. Even though Wikipedia uses the same simplification, it still doesn't make it correct.
Slab track is a type of ballastless track, but ballastless track is not necessarily slab track.
Slab track is primarily a track substructure system, developed by for example PORR Austria, and comes in the form of slabs - i.e. several sleepers on one slab ex works.
Ballastless track can also be produced by means of special sleepers cast in concrete or asphalt.
Slab tracks are therefore prefabricated parts, whereas ballastless tracks are not necessarily slabs, but are produced and cast on site as a solid carriageway.
Subscribed!
i learned something. i did not know there were wooden tracks before iron rails going back at least 400 years. cool!
There are even sections of ancient granite track on Dartmoor in the UK
You guys should definitely make them full video series of railroad infrastructure including the trains themselves like the types of trains including Metro, light rail, High-Speed Rail, Regional Rail, commuter rail, you should also include the future ways of travel such as hyperloop. It also include interlocking signals overhead wires third rail milepost Etc. That would be wonderful for me to learn
That's a great idea!
Excellent info
Interesting stuff
Such a quality video and presentation
Thank you
Wow looks so good
Thank you I did learn something very good video.
"Railways & War Before 1918" by Bishop & Davis such as Decauvile portables.
Great video! Please make another video about different types of ballastless tracks, different types of rails, the difference between tram and rail track, electrification types, etc…
Electrification systems are published. Check it out!
@@RailwaysExplained watched it already! Thanks a lot!
Great Video👍
Thanks
Great video. I retired from the railroad and you nailed it
Thank you.
@@RailwaysExplained I enjoy your channel thank you
Ahh now I learn even more about tracks before. Also new subscriber here 😊
welcome to the club! :)
Thanks 🙂
GREAT VIDEO
Thanks!
A great video...
There is also a plastic sleeper type.
Road the ICE in Germany this weekend; it hit 300 km/hr! Super smooth. Any idea what the flatness tolerance is for that kind of rail? And how can they hold it that flat?
My dad worked for, Kansas City Southern Railroad, , he said even if you don't see the gates and lights blinking, always slow down and look both ways,, like my dad said if we meet, YOU LOSE.
excellent! thank you!
Glad you liked it!
Cool video, today I have learned something new! By the way, it would be interesting to see a video on Japans regional train lines. How did Japan manage to revive rural railway.
Good to hear that! 😊 Something related to Japan is already been cooking 😎
@@RailwaysExplained Great! I am a railway enthusiast! thank you for your informative channel. It would also be interesting to know what railway companies are the most profitable ones. Or another topic would be, the components of ticket expenses on each journey.
@@reborn2020 thank you very much for your suggestions! We're glad to have you here. 😎 List of topics is endless...
No idea where you're from but I'm pretty sure I've heard a similar accent singing the words 'Blessed be the Kingdom of the Father, and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit now and ever and forever'.
Thank you Yakov Smirnoff for narrating this video.
Generally speaking, well done. However, there were two illustrations you used depicting wheel flanges as touching both rail crowns (heads) simultaneously. That (of course) is physically impossible. And on straight segments, neither wheel flange touches the rail crown. Only when negotiating curves does a flange touch the rail crown causing the familiar squeaking noise.
"negotiating curves does a flange touch the rail crown " Only if the turn is the minimum radius before rubbing and squeaking. Do you know what that radius is??
@@h.mandelene3279 There is no set minimum radius. Flange strike happens when the bogeys fail to rotate as rapidly as necessary to negotiate the change in radius rather than within the curve itself for the speed of the train entering (or leaving) a curved piece of track with constant radius.
That was a mouthful. Let me break it down.
Say the train is on a straight piece of track. The cant of the rolling surfaces of the wheels will keep the wheelset centered between the tracks and there won't be any flange strike.
Believe it or not, that same thing happens once a train is well into a curve with constant radius. That's because the bogeys have (by that time) rotated to the appropriate angle and the cant is able to perform its magic again.
The problem happens where you have a transition between a straight piece of track and the curve.. or where there is a change in curve radius. These transitions are where the bogey's rotation angle (left/right) changes. This is where you get flange strike if the bogey doesn't fully rotate as quickly as necessary to avoid flange strike. It is the contact of the flange (on the outer wheel of the lead axle) with the inner surface of the rail crown that (then) forces the bogey to rotate. The squeal happens when the flange physically scrapes the inner surface of the crown.
@@TheCondoInRedondo "There is no set minimum radius." but there is(well before rubbing\slipping). The reason the wheel is tapered is so as it takes the turn the outer rail is longer than the inner rail. the taper compensates as the outer wheel rides higher than the inner wheel. When the turn gets too tight, one wheel will max out rubbing the flange and "scrape" the side of the rail.
That's cool. Next time I see a train, I will measure the angle of the wheel and do the math myself.
@@h.mandelene3279 Don't forget... the rotation angle the bogey must take depends not only upon the radius of the curve, but also the distance between the rotation axes of the front and rear bogeys.
Take a rather tight curve of radius 500 feet. An Amfleet coach will experience three times more bogey rotation compared to a Lehigh Valley caboose. That's because the distance between bogey supports on Amfleet is just under sixty feet. The caboose has just under twenty feet between the king pins of the front and rear bogeys.
@@TheCondoInRedondo I realize there will also be rubbing with the distance between each outer axle on each truck such as the DD40x, or a 4-8-4 steam, or even the 3 axle SD40-2\old Pullman car's truck. I am just inquiring the geometry for typical like a freight car's 1 axle.
Amazing
🌹THANKYOU SIR.. FOR YOUR INFORMA
TIONS.. 🌹GOOD🌹👍
Thanks and welcome
@@RailwaysExplained 🌹
In parts of my country there are tracks with four rails connected by either wooden or concrete ties. Mostly at certain train stations. Can you make a part 2 of this video explaining that along with track switches
What is your country?
@@RailwaysExplained United States of America
Regarding to track load. In Czech Republic, load it 22.5t per axle at most and I assume it's the same across whole Europe, cause each locomotive seems to weight like 87-88 tons, no more, no less. Isn't there any demand for increasing load capacity on certain tracks running at capacity limit?
Hello, would love an answer in the next 12 hours if possible. (I understand it might be impossible)
Have you got the link to a 40% estimate increase in new ballast less track then going with a ballast? Would this be similar for light rail and trams rather than heavy rail?
On this link, you can find an interesting literature review in regard to introduction of ballastless track
kth.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:955164/FULLTEXT01.pdf
@@RailwaysExplained thanks very much! I’m new to rail as a Project Manager, so I might be watching a fair bit more of your content to get the engineering basics. Next topic for me will be overhead electrics and OLE
We wish you good luck. We are available if more literature(e-books) on railway engineering is needed. You have an email in the description of our channel.
As I understand it, on a ballastless system, there rubber pads to provide elasticity.
The anchors You showed are not used anymore and they also do not secure the rail but instead prevent tie movement
Thank you I think we can shall may vphv understand the importance truth and value of a Railway layout materials internal structure its layout proper stable design necessary rules and regulations to be taken precautions etc., at any cost........and maintain a proper rail network to provide proper transportation and communication with minimal side effects to the world........
You r all video informatic♥
How much cost slab trac each KM in US Dollar?
Thermite Welding is also used in joining the rails.
Great video, thanks.
You're welcome 😊
great
i luv treins.............thenk u very much...............
Welcome!
Thnks
Units of stress are so messed up. Why not MPa. Definitly its not kilonewtons per cm2 as author suggest. Idk what is kp
For me to take pictures of trains.
What are the Purpose and Elements of the Railway Track? To take you to places other then car or plane that's far away? How did I do?
Best policy
Are blassless tracks found in subways?
ALL FUTURE RAIL TRACK SHOULD BE BALLESTLESS IF WE WANT TO BE SUPER POWER UP TO 2047
in the middle .. 🐈
I love those concrete slab tracks, they are... more asthetically pleasing i think
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Hello . Please translate this video to farsi . Thank you . Good night . Good luck .
Why does he have to? Learn English first.
Dystopian to herd citizens into agricultural serfdom since roads and airports are better.
Interesting to educateAmericans and other people not to familiar with railway technology I would say though that the carriages wagons, and locomotives, plus maintenance equipment are NOT calleed vehicles! A vehicle one must manually steer. In railway parliance such that rolls on the tracks are called ROLLING STOCK (in English).
Also another video with a phantom host, NO name, NO credentials, and no äa rollä scenes the host+ Stepping out onto the public arena woul show confidence and that zou avail zourself of honesty and credibility. Total cocoonment You would get more like clicks if you stepped out of the dressing room onto the stage Thanks
to say the letter *V,* place your bottom teeth against your upper lip. then you will say V, not W. best wishes.
A missed golden opportunity to suggest practising on the word Vanquish..!
Whut
Weedio
Couldn't slab tracks fail more catastrophically and need COMPLETE removal at the end of life making them far more wasteful and expensive over the longer term (centuries target than decades)
Poor narration quality.
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