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You can easily tell only English sources were used as Ottoman army was vast majority cavalry not infantry. According to Turkish sources Ottoman army had 8,000 Janissaries, 4,000 Kapıkulu heavy cavalry and around 40,000 Sipahis. So 60,000 number is quite accurate but cavalry ratio was 4:1 at least and that was why Ottoman was very keen to catch Mamluks in a pitched battle instead of a defensive war. Because of this heavy cavalry army Ottoman always struggled to capture castles and towns that cavalry was useless in sieges. So Sultan Selim wasn't sending envoys to trick Mamluks rather he was acting like Ottoman was weak so Mamluks would dare to face them in a pitched battle which was exactly what happened. According to Turkish sources Ottoman cannons were causing heavy casualties for Mamluks so they threw everything for an all out assault on Ottoman sides where light armoured Sipahis were positioned. Sipahis were light armored skirmish forces and they could not handle heavy combat well so they struggled a bit but managed to repel Mamluks. Soon after entire Mamluk battle formation collapsed. Also Turkish sources very clearly state Hayır Bey retreated after right wing collapsed because of Mamluk casualties not before. About Mamluk sultan Ottoman forces just found him dead on the battlefield, nobody exactly knew how he died. It is believed he died from falling from his horse but it is even possible his own soldiers killed him. Entire battle took 8 hours, vast majority of Mamluk army got killed or captured while 2,000 Mamluks refusing to follow orders got executed after the battle. I don't know why western historians ridiculously act like Turkish sources are unreliable while it is all there without much fantasy or bias like ''instant stroke'' etc. You can argue English sources are better for youtube videos as they are full of spicy fantasy that i would agree..
good thing the US wasnt around back then... or we would have proxied the fuck out of ottomans by supplying egypt with arms, funds, and training... not like enough to win or anything, but enough to make a dent.
@@BH-gh6qmbut at the time there were France and its appanage, England and Castile-Aragon. They didnt help Mamluks because there no interest in the land
The Mamluks death sentence was signed when they lost the Indian Ocean spice trade to the Portuguese, they had to raise taxes so much that rebellions and dissent became all too common.
Yeah they got out flanked by the Portuguese who went around Africa into an Ocean dominated by Muslim ships but they were unprotected. Indian Ocean trade was so peaceful and predictable the trading dhows didn't have to carry arms, and coastal cities were not fortified so the Portuguese could pillage and pirate with impunity. They even went into the Red Sea and threaten the holy cites in Hijaz. I read somewhere the Mamluks just didn't maintain a navy and destroyed most of their harbors to prevent Crusader attacks. I think that was a big mistake.
Forgot the part where Sultan Selim 1 was the first person since Alexander the Great to have crossed the Sinai desert with his army. A feat which even the mongols could not achieve
@@v4facadePersia never conquered Egypt like ever, Persians occupied PART of Egypt more than 2500 years ago, in like 500 BCE but other than that nothing
@@عمر-ل9ع2ي my initial point was responding to the comment saying that Selim I was the first to cross the Sinai peninsula since Alexander the Great. So, unless the Sassanid Persians got into Egypt through the Mediterranean, they must have crossed the Sinai. About the Persian campaign, they got pretty deep into Egypt, even capturing Alexandria. Their Egyptian campaign resulted in the Romans missing a large portion of food supplies.
Yavuz Sultan Selim heaped the treasury of the Ottoman Empire and it was sealed with his imperial seal. Then he testamentized that whoever any of a sultan on his descendance could fill the treasury more than that he did, then he would have had the treasury sealed with his own seal. The treasury of the Ottoman Empire was kept to be seal with the Yavuz Sultan Selim's seal for 405 years up untill its official end in 1922.
I feel as though part of this is misleading. The Mamluk heavy cavalry was probably better than the Ottomans. The Mamluks may have recruited peasants, but much of the Ottoman force were Ghazis and irregular cavalry. Maybe not "peasants" per se, but not disciplined warriors by any stretch. The Ottomans core force (though not the largest part, by any strecth) were the Janissaries and Sipahi (heavy cav). The Ottomans defintely had more guns and firepower, but that was only the artillery and the Janissaries. The video makes it seem like the Ottomans were fully equiped with firearms, but both sides used bows, lances and other melee weapons. The Janissaries were maybe 7100 (on paper) out of the 60,000ish Ottoman troops. So, firearms ddefinitely played a major role in these battles.
Janissaries were elite troops and constituted small part of Ottoman army, whereas cavalry forces called Tımarlı Sipahi constituted major part of army and used none-gunpowder conventional equipment because they trained in rural area of Empire by the Tımar Beys.
The reason for the defeat of the Mamluks is their use of primitive weapons unlike the Ottomans and the betrayal of the senior leaders of the Mamluk army and directing artillery fire on the Mamluks instead of the Ottomans If it were not for the betrayal the Ottomans would have been crushed easily
@@LION45613Mamluk leadership flipped because ottoman’s gave them a great offer and they knew the ottoman’s would keep coming back until they were conquered. Why not safe your ass and your subordinates asses and lessen the bloodshed when ottoman conquest was inevitable deal
Sultan Selim I carried out unimaginable actions and made the Ottoman Empire a truly great global state in 1517. The Ottoman Empire also maintained his conquests for 4 Centuries. Likewise, the area of the Ottoman Empire reached during the reign of Sultan Selim 6.5how much May God have mercy on the Commander of the Faithful and Caliph of the Muslims, Sultan Selim.
If only a modernized version existed today. Later Ottoman sultans messed up by not keeping watch of the developments happening in Europe and introducing them. It would have prevented their fall and the kept the Muslim world at the same pace as Europe.
The Mamluk sultanate is the sultanate of slaves. During the Ayyubid sultanate, Kipchak Turkics and Circassians, brought as slaves from the north of the Black Sea and the Caucasus, were included in the army and took over the government by making a palace coup against the Ayyubid sultanate. One of the commanders of the Mamluk army, usually the head of the Mamluk sultanateit would pass. By stopping the Mongol advance in the Middle East, the Mamluks prevented Syria, Egypt and the Hejaz regions from falling under Mongol rule, and eliminated the last remnants of the Crusaders in the Middle East. The Mamluk Sultanate was an important state in terms of Islamic history.
The Mamluks were able to invade the lands of the Ottomans during the reign of Qaitbay the boring state did it and the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire came crying Qaitbay which stopped the advance on the Ottoman lands The Ottoman Empire hit the Mamluk state in the back after
Selim like Timur is a great example that marrying into Chinggisid royalty and becoming a son in law of Genghis Khan, turns one into a world conqueror. Timur through the house of Chagatai and Selim through the Jochids :)
Sultan Selim didn't intend and promote himself as a proclaimed successor of Genghis as Timur did. His aim was to neutralize heretics and unify the Islamic world before marching against the christians. He didn't even plan to march on the Mamluks at first. They grabbed the thunder over themselves because of their misgivings.
@@ejayaziz470 Ever since the Ankara battle in 1402, Ottomans developed a great deal of admiration for the house of Timur, because of the culture, architecture, historical ties. Mehmed II was inviting hundred of scientists, poets, painters from the Timurid domain, Khurasan. In the eyes of Ottomans, the house of Timur was the last legitimate continental dynasty
@@TerrorbelliDecuspacis-w5fThe Chagatai language which was the native tongue of Timur was also a common language of the Ottomans serving as a lingua franca of Turkic states from the Tarim Basin to the Adriatic
@@LogicMonster how is the rent in Berlin ? Edit : accidental ratio for the original commenter ( sorry 😅 ) also the ottomans are personally my favorite empire it's just that I respect other nations
@@LogicMonster Egypt literally destroyed Ottomans under Muhammad Ali lol😂😂Turkey is 100 years old while Egypt is 4300 years old😂😂Egypt still exists,wheres the ottoman state?😂😂😂
Muhammed Ali was the ottoman Pasha with correct name Kavalali Mehmet Ali Pasa.Egyptians were the spectators only.Read the Turkish history exactly.It starts with Sumerians,Scythians.Means older than 6000 years.
In 1517 the Ottoman sultan Selim I (1512-20), known as Selim the Grim, conquered Egypt, defeating the Mamluk forces at Ar Raydaniyah, immediately outside Cairo. The origins of the Ottoman Empire go back to the Turkish-speaking tribes who crossed the frontier into Arab lands beginning in the tenth century. Having failed to adopt field artillery as a weapon in any but siege warfare, the Mamluks were decisively defeated by the Ottomans both in Syria and in Egypt and from 1517 onward constituted only one of the several components that formed the political structure of Egypt. The usual answer to the question is that Ottomans had superior weapons and fire power as well as up to date military tactics. The Mamluks fought in traditional way.
You can easily tell only English sources were used as Ottoman army was vast majority cavalry not infantry. According to Turkish sources Ottoman army had 8,000 Janissaries, 4,000 Kapıkulu heavy cavalry and around 40,000 Sipahis. So 60,000 number is quite accurate but cavalry ratio was 4:1 at least and that was why Ottoman was very keen to catch Mamluks in a pitched battle instead of a defensive war. Because of this heavy cavalry army Ottoman always struggled to capture castles and towns that cavalry was useless in sieges. So Sultan Selim wasn't sending envoys to trick Mamluks rather he was acting like Ottoman was weak so Mamluks would dare to face them in a pitched battle which was exactly what happened. According to Turkish sources Ottoman cannons were causing heavy casualties for Mamluks so they threw everything for an all out assault on Ottoman sides where light armoured Sipahis were positioned. Sipahis were light armored skirmish forces and they could not handle heavy combat well so they struggled a bit but managed to repel Mamluks. Soon after entire Mamluk battle formation collapsed. Also Turkish sources very clearly state Hayır Bey retreated after right wing collapsed because of Mamluk casualties not before. About Mamluk sultan Ottoman forces just found him dead on the battlefield, nobody exactly knew how he died. It is believed he died from falling from his horse but it is even possible his own soldiers killed him. Entire battle took 8 hours, vast majority of Mamluk army got killed or captured while 2,000 Mamluks refusing to follow orders got executed after the battle. I don't know why western historians ridiculously act like Turkish sources are unreliable while it is all there without much fantasy or bias like ''instant stroke'' etc. You can argue English sources are better for youtube videos as they are full of spicy fantasy that i would agree..
My favorite history channel .. I'll put my request/idea for you guys cuz i would like to see Greek series from Minoans to FallUnder Rome .. Series like you already did for RomanEmpire/Republic .. thanks in advance 😅😊
@@Knowledgia yup I'm hoping for long ass series hahahah ... Minoans, Mycenaeans, GreekDarkAges, Sparta &Athena, GrecoPersianWars, Alexander the great, WarOfDiadochi, involvement with PunicWars, Syracuse, Greco-RomanWars (Phyruss, MacedonianWars...) Until final fall under Rome and assimilation of Hellenic culture with Roman. Thanks for replying and for ❤️. Edit: and I believe that you guys could pull out much much more topics in that timeframe then those i listed 😊😁
This is a huge aggressive expansion. Good thing no coaliation was made against the ottomans. This would cost a great deal of admin points though, coring all of the provinces.
According to Turkish sources Ottoman forces just found him dead on the battlefield and nobody exactly knew how he died. It is believed he fell from his horse but it is even possible his own soldiers killed him as Turkish sources also state serious amount of silver and gold was also found in his camp..
@@historylover7355 That part might be also fantasy as Turkish sources very clearly state Hayır Bey retreated after right wing collapsed because of Mamluk casualties not before. Perhaps he ordered reserves to charge as well but his officers pulled him down from his horse and wounded him fatally while running away with some of the gold. It makes more sense than instant stroke lol.
In a study revealed by Alexander Lyon Mcfie in his book The End of the Ottoman Empire (2014), on the economic and social history of the Ottoman Turks, it unstoppable military was found that throughout force
THE TURKS AND THE WEST from 11 days. Europe stood in awe of the Ottomans who crushed many states and conquered vast territories, going, as all patriotic Turks will proudly point out, "all the way to the gates of Vienna." European literature is replete with the depictions of the Turk as the hated enemy. The English often thought of the Turk as awe-inspiring and destructive. Thomas Fuller wrote in The Holy Warre (1639): "The Turkish Empire is the greatest... the sun ever saw. ...Grass springeth not where the grand signior's horse setteth his foot." During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries , understanding the Turks ‘ military organization , given the credit for the greatest empire since antiquity , became a major European preoccupation . Speake, J., n.d. Literature of travel and exploration. p.891. By the middle of the 16th century, the Turks arguably possessed the greatest empire in the world. A History of the Middle East Paperback - March 15, 2006 by Saul S. Friedman (Author) p.181
It was an informative and wonderful historical coverage (video) about the Ottoman Empire successful campaign against the Egyptian Mamluke empire collapsed and invaded of Cairo ...thank you 🙏 ( Knowledge) channel
The Mamluk state channel is in its worst times of defeat because of the use of primitive weapons by the Mamluks and also the betrayal of the leaders of the Mamluk army and their Ottoman embolism and directing artillery fire against the Mamluk army
Yeah, Eu4 is dissappointing in that regard. You can fully conquer Egypt in 30 years, if you're not using the conquer Egypt casus belli, which is a new feature.. Paradox fixed it in Crusader Kings 3 tho. You can conquer an empire in a single war if you have claims on it.
@@turcocum9454 that’s honestly how it should be, Spain conquered all of Central and South America in less than a Decade, so we should be allowed to do the same instead of fighting a dozen wars with the minor nations or multiple wars with the regional power. Or Qing taking over China in a single conflict, taking over that much territory in game would take 100 in game years
@@safs3098 Game should let us take more provinces in a single war. It's even worse if you are conquering an advanced and developed kingdom. You can only conquer 2 provinces due to high development and insufficient war score. However, even if you managed to take more than 2 provinces in a single war, entire world forms a coalition against you. Which is double annoying.
The Mamluks in their weakest time used primitive weapons and betrayed the leaders of the Mamluk Army and directed artillery fire on the Mamluks instead of the Ottomans
Selim I conquered the Mamluks and humiliated the Safavids (who obviously like the Ottomans were Turkic) in 8 years. The Battles of Marj Dabiq and Chaldiran were tactical masterpiece by Selim who was undoubtedly a military genius.
And when the Ottoman Empire became like former eastern roman Empire it control all the main trading sea route to east then the Christian European could no longer trader properly and peacefully thus the age of exploration began with vasco da gama for founding new route to trade with east in new sea route
Not true. The Ottoman Empire continued to trade with Europe but Venice monopolized that trade and the kingdoms on the western end of the trade had to buy eastern goods from Venice at exorbitant prices. So they looked for a new trade route to cut out Venice. Muslims stopping trade to Europe is an old excuse but its not true.
@@rarelife1 yeah but venecian merchant islands where subjugated and the old silk road came to an end after conquering of Constantinople And yeah European might had traded with ottoman but the Spanish and Portuguese were the new Christian power after reconquesta and pope and catholic Europe saw them as saviour and they saw ottoman Muslim as a big threat so they tried to find new route to trade with east
@@SeikhSayedAaman-qm6fx I'll add that Portuguese exploration started decades before Ottoman conquest of Constantinople let alone Egypt and Syria were most of the spice trading was done. They were already exploring the islands of the Atlantic coast near Africa in the mid 1400s. They wrote why they did it and it had nothing to do with the Ottomans or spices but to spread Catholicism. But they quickly realized the economic potential of a new trade route out of Venice-ottoman control. When Vasco de gama circumnavigated Africa it was a reconnaissance mission, he gauged the Muslim presence in the atlantic/Indian ocean and retuned to Portugal. He left again for Indian ocean but this time with a larger fleet. TLDR many factors explain why the age of European discovery started not just one.
Napolyon saldırısına kadar Mısır 281 yıl Osmanlı Türk yönetiminde kaldı. 1882 ye hatta 1914 e kadar da Türk etkisi sürdü. Osmanlı öncesindeki Memlükler de zaten Türk devletiydi. Hatta Memlükler ülkelerine Türkiye derdi… Mısır’da halen halk üzerinde güçlü bir dostane ilişki olarak Türk etkisi vardır.
There is no Turkish or other influence on the Egyptian people because the Egyptian people have the greatest civilization Second, most of the period of occupation of the Ottoman Empire was only nominal occupation, especially after the rise of Muhammad Ali Pasha to rule Egypt, and there was nothing called a Turkish state Originally the Mamluks were two factions Marine Mamluks Tower Mamluks It consists of Georgian Circassians Second, Turkey is a modern country that has nothing to do with all this It was founded in the forties by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, it has no civilization or The history and region of the Balkans was just an Egyptian colony during the era of the Holy Egyptian Empire during the era of Sizostris
Some other Facts: Sultan Al Ashraf-originally named:Kansu Gavri and his pro army were all Circassian-Kipchak Turks.His ancestor Tomanbay too.Hayir Bey-original name Hayrabay was also Circassian. So both armies(except local conscripts)and commanders spoke Turkish and had the same Asian nomadic roots.Think like Ostrogoths and Visigoths battle
The Safavids were a Turkic empire whose center was Azerbaijan and later moved to Iran. Because not only the dynasty ruled the state, but other important positions of the state were controlled by Turkmens, and the most important thing was that the army was mainly composed of Azerbaijani and Khorasan Turks.
You never mentioned how Ottoman army past the Sinai desert in a short time with minimum loses. This alone proves military genius of Sultan Selim I and logistic capability of his empire.
Another video subject suggestion; If Ottomans didn’t conquest Mamluks State, Would Mamluks erase Portugal in Indian Ocean and stop later period west Europeans to colonize in Indian Ocean? Or Would Mamluks fleets reach Latin America and make trade and make them Muslim as Arabs made Muslim to some coastal area Indian Ocean trading states?
ottomans never controlled the Caspian sea! The fact that they had plundered Azerbaijan once, doesn't mean they controlled the Caspian Sea! There is historical data confirming ottoman presence in the Caspian Sea!!!!!
You explained the two great wars, the Mercidabık and Ridaniye wars, very simply. It is described as if nothing much happened in the war and the huge Mamluk state was destroyed by two simple wars. I expected a more detailed and realistic explanation...
The Mamluk state was in the maximum period of weakness and disintegration of it and the Mamluks used primitive weapons and the leaders of the Mamluk army were bribed and artillery fire was directed at the Mamluks instead of the Ottomans
Sounds like he died of a stroke/heart attack no? Left side of his body doing that. I KNOW your hearts in the CENTRE of your chest people think its on the left because that's where the main arteries pump out to the left side. so it DOES effect the left side.
good thing the US wasnt around back then... or we would have proxied the fuck out of ottomans by supplying egypt with arms, funds, and training... not like enough to win or anything, but enough to make a dent.
I'm not likely to give Google or Patreon a cut, but let me know if you ever start a Floatplane. They function as kind of a hybrid of the two platforms and take a lower percentage, allowing creators the choice to discount the subscription or take a bigger cut at the same price.
Hey, can you please make video how Islam & Christianity came to Indonesia? As an Indonesian, Islam didn't really come with trade especially to what happened with my ethnic groups, an indigenous ethnic group in the middle of Sumatran jungles and Bukit Barisan mountain range near the largest vulcanic lake in the world. In 1539, Acehnese Sultanate invaded my ancestors's kingdom when our king refused Islam. Aceh lost the war then they bought & hired Ottoman weapons & soldiers to invade us. In the 1810s during Padri War, an Islamic civil war in Minangkabau, Padri soldiers also heard a bunch of cannibalistic pagan tribes in the middle of North Sumatra who stayed as pagans, Padri soldiers massacred 200.000 people even executed our king for not accepting Islam, they brutally ransacked our villages/cities & massacred my ethnic groups who refused their religion. They were failed to conquer us when a cholera outbreak happened thanks to dead bodies that leaked cholera. After they failed to conquer us, our ancestors were devastated after watching our ransacked kingdoms and dead relatives even cholera outbreak happened and decimated our population. My ancestors became hostile towards outsiders/foreigners. A couple of US Baptist missionarists came and introduced Christianity. Too bad, the locals thought they were another hostile foreigners/outsiders and they caught & ate them. Before Christianity came, my people were pagans who had cannibalistic culture/rituals. My ancestors conducted cannibalism towards people who did terrible crimes such as rape, murder, or treason. POWs were also eaten back then. Before Christianity, my ancestors believed if we ate people, it'd grant us magical strength. Child sacrifice was also happened before we accepted Christianity. A German missionarist came and introduced Christianity among my people. He built schools, hospitals, etc. But a lot of kingdom citizens hated him coz Christianity could destroy our culture and religion such as our cannibalistic rituals. Cannibalism was eventually banned when Dutch colonial regime imposed anti cannibalism law towards us in 1900s. If Christianity never came, perhaps my people would still do capital punishment in form of cannibalism and conduct child sacrifice. Unlike other Indonesian regions which were colonized for 350 years, we only got conquered in 1907 when Dutch soldiers succesfully assassinated our priest king. Dutch faced difficulties at fighting a cannibalistic nation in the middle of Sumatran jungles near a large lake.
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Did you release this video in conjunction with HistoryMarche?
👍
You can easily tell only English sources were used as Ottoman army was vast majority cavalry not infantry. According to Turkish sources Ottoman army had 8,000 Janissaries, 4,000 Kapıkulu heavy cavalry and around 40,000 Sipahis. So 60,000 number is quite accurate but cavalry ratio was 4:1 at least and that was why Ottoman was very keen to catch Mamluks in a pitched battle instead of a defensive war. Because of this heavy cavalry army Ottoman always struggled to capture castles and towns that cavalry was useless in sieges. So Sultan Selim wasn't sending envoys to trick Mamluks rather he was acting like Ottoman was weak so Mamluks would dare to face them in a pitched battle which was exactly what happened. According to Turkish sources Ottoman cannons were causing heavy casualties for Mamluks so they threw everything for an all out assault on Ottoman sides where light armoured Sipahis were positioned. Sipahis were light armored skirmish forces and they could not handle heavy combat well so they struggled a bit but managed to repel Mamluks. Soon after entire Mamluk battle formation collapsed. Also Turkish sources very clearly state Hayır Bey retreated after right wing collapsed because of Mamluk casualties not before. About Mamluk sultan Ottoman forces just found him dead on the battlefield, nobody exactly knew how he died. It is believed he died from falling from his horse but it is even possible his own soldiers killed him. Entire battle took 8 hours, vast majority of Mamluk army got killed or captured while 2,000 Mamluks refusing to follow orders got executed after the battle. I don't know why western historians ridiculously act like Turkish sources are unreliable while it is all there without much fantasy or bias like ''instant stroke'' etc. You can argue English sources are better for youtube videos as they are full of spicy fantasy that i would agree..
Not persia. It is a Safevi
Rest of the world was playing eu4 while the ottomans were playing hoi4
This comment deserves more likes
@@Knowledgia thanks for the recognition :D ( also great video please keep up with the good work )
otherwhise the ottomans would have to use an ottoman invasion casus belli and hold cairo for 3 years with 90% warscore
good thing the US wasnt around back then... or we would have proxied the fuck out of ottomans by supplying egypt with arms, funds, and training... not like enough to win or anything, but enough to make a dent.
@@BH-gh6qmbut at the time there were France and its appanage, England and Castile-Aragon. They didnt help Mamluks because there no interest in the land
The fact The Ottoman Empire has the crescent moon facing East while the empire they’re conquering has it facing West
What does this mean
@Bemen50 it means what the words mean my friend .
The ottomans flag has the moon facing east .
Get it ?
@freedombro6502 so the Ottoman flag moon was facing east, and the mamlok was facing west
East, West, Ottoman is best 😅
Together they are a full moon!!! 😱😱😱 The warewolves!!!!!!!!
The Mamluks death sentence was signed when they lost the Indian Ocean spice trade to the Portuguese, they had to raise taxes so much that rebellions and dissent became all too common.
Yeah they got out flanked by the Portuguese who went around Africa into an Ocean dominated by Muslim ships but they were unprotected. Indian Ocean trade was so peaceful and predictable the trading dhows didn't have to carry arms, and coastal cities were not fortified so the Portuguese could pillage and pirate with impunity. They even went into the Red Sea and threaten the holy cites in Hijaz. I read somewhere the Mamluks just didn't maintain a navy and destroyed most of their harbors to prevent Crusader attacks. I think that was a big mistake.
@@rarelife1Why would they do that??
@@rarelife1It’s because they lost Baghdad and the First Abbasid Caliphate.
The Middle East never regained the importance till.. oil basically
@@ShadowbanTheHedgehog All because of Goa?!
Forgot the part where Sultan Selim 1 was the first person since Alexander the Great to have crossed the Sinai desert with his army. A feat which even the mongols could not achieve
I could be mistaken, but didn't Persia conquer Egypt briefly in the 7th century?
If you meant a monarch leading his own army, then you'd be correct.
@@v4facadePersia never conquered Egypt like ever, Persians occupied PART of Egypt more than 2500 years ago, in like 500 BCE but other than that nothing
@@عمر-ل9ع2ي I'm pretty sure they did. Persia campaigned in Egypt from 618-621 during the final Roman-Persian War of 602-628.
@@v4facade they campaigned and it was pretty much sieges against some towns and fortresses at the time but they didn’t enter Egypt proper
@@عمر-ل9ع2ي my initial point was responding to the comment saying that Selim I was the first to cross the Sinai peninsula since Alexander the Great.
So, unless the Sassanid Persians got into Egypt through the Mediterranean, they must have crossed the Sinai.
About the Persian campaign, they got pretty deep into Egypt, even capturing Alexandria. Their Egyptian campaign resulted in the Romans missing a large portion of food supplies.
Nicely done video. I saw a video today on HistoryMarche about the battle that won the Ottoman's Egypt. It was great. And worth watching.
Glad you enjoyed it
@@Knowledgia---Your welcome
Same. I watch both documentaries of the battle too
"Courage leads a man to victory, in determination to danger, and in cowardice to death."
-Selim I
Now that's gangsta s*** right there
stupidity leads to plenty of death also.
@@Naruto-sv7mr m0-ham-mad was a ped0file and all@h is his alter ego
Probably fake
He use artillery vs Shah Ismail he was no warrior king
Yavuz Sultan Selim heaped the treasury of the Ottoman Empire and it was sealed with his imperial seal. Then he testamentized that whoever any of a sultan on his descendance could fill the treasury more than that he did, then he would have had the treasury sealed with his own seal.
The treasury of the Ottoman Empire was kept to be seal with the Yavuz Sultan Selim's seal for 405 years up untill its official end in 1922.
The seal is still on Turkish National Bank since nobody topped Selim The First.
What are you talking about?
@@peacelives1875 What seal?
The seal of The Ottoman Treasury @@parkeroof4705
Theifs
Simple, because the Ottomans had Conquer Egypt casus belli, and the appropriate event triggered.
I am very happy that I discovered this channel. I have been following it for two years.
I feel as though part of this is misleading. The Mamluk heavy cavalry was probably better than the Ottomans. The Mamluks may have recruited peasants, but much of the Ottoman force were Ghazis and irregular cavalry. Maybe not "peasants" per se, but not disciplined warriors by any stretch. The Ottomans core force (though not the largest part, by any strecth) were the Janissaries and Sipahi (heavy cav).
The Ottomans defintely had more guns and firepower, but that was only the artillery and the Janissaries. The video makes it seem like the Ottomans were fully equiped with firearms, but both sides used bows, lances and other melee weapons. The Janissaries were maybe 7100 (on paper) out of the 60,000ish Ottoman troops. So, firearms ddefinitely played a major role in these battles.
Of course, the Mamluks relied on traditional weapons, unlike the Ottomans, who had modern firearms, which caused the defeat of the Mamluks.
Janissaries were elite troops and constituted small part of Ottoman army, whereas cavalry forces called Tımarlı Sipahi constituted major part of army and used none-gunpowder conventional equipment because they trained in rural area of Empire by the Tımar Beys.
The reason for the defeat of the Mamluks is their use of primitive weapons unlike the Ottomans and the betrayal of the senior leaders of the Mamluk army and directing artillery fire on the Mamluks instead of the Ottomans If it were not for the betrayal the Ottomans would have been crushed easily
@@LION45613Mamluk leadership flipped because ottoman’s gave them a great offer and they knew the ottoman’s would keep coming back until they were conquered. Why not safe your ass and your subordinates asses and lessen the bloodshed when ottoman conquest was inevitable deal
Sultan Selim I carried out unimaginable actions and made the Ottoman Empire a truly great global state in 1517. The Ottoman Empire also maintained his conquests for 4 Centuries. Likewise, the area of the Ottoman Empire reached during the reign of Sultan Selim 6.5how much
May God have mercy on the Commander of the Faithful and Caliph of the Muslims, Sultan Selim.
If only a modernized version existed today. Later Ottoman sultans messed up by not keeping watch of the developments happening in Europe and introducing them. It would have prevented their fall and the kept the Muslim world at the same pace as Europe.
@@rarelife1 thats true the ottoman empire was a curse on the islamic world in its last 2 centuries
Ewww
1.04 2.06 Did you do this because of my suggestion Or was this already preplanned just asking?
Hey! It was preplanned
شكرًا
Thank you so so much for your support!
Been waiting patiently for another video love them all
More to come!
@@Knowledgia do you know how I’ve waited to get a comment liked by your channel
@@Knowledgia I sincerely hope at least one of them is about Ottoman history. Your videos about the Middle East or the Balkans are the best honestly
Could you please answer my question
Great video keep it up you're doing amazing things 😁👍
I wonder how many leaders just keeled over from a heart attack once they knew they were done.
That's interesting. HistoryMarche put a video up covering the same exact period with Selim I on the same day as Knowledgia hours before at noon.
That means both channels get funding from Turkish Propoganda Agency (Including Kings & Generals)🤣
Happy Gilmore accomplished that feat no more than an hour ago
The Mamluk sultanate is the sultanate of slaves. During the Ayyubid sultanate, Kipchak Turkics and Circassians, brought as slaves from the north of the Black Sea and the Caucasus, were included in the army and took over the government by making a palace coup against the Ayyubid sultanate. One of the commanders of the Mamluk army, usually the head of the Mamluk sultanateit would pass. By stopping the Mongol advance in the Middle East, the Mamluks prevented Syria, Egypt and the Hejaz regions from falling under Mongol rule, and eliminated the last remnants of the Crusaders in the Middle East. The Mamluk Sultanate was an important state in terms of Islamic history.
Took out the crusaders, and Fattimands, and protetected the rest of the Islamic empire from the Mongols! Pretty solid
8 yıla 80 yıl sığdıran Padişahım 😎
The Ottoman Empire was essentially the same as the Byzantine Empire gathered in pieces and broke up gradually.
Mamluks: "We're the greatest Muslim power around!"
Ottomans: "Hold my coffee."
@ELmaeqilthe Mamluks
@@SquidMonke4when exactly?
@@pyrusheliosmk2204 everyday? I’m pretty sure most empires consider themselves the greatest
The Mamluks were able to invade the lands of the Ottomans during the reign of Qaitbay the boring state did it and the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire came crying Qaitbay which stopped the advance on the Ottoman lands The Ottoman Empire hit the Mamluk state in the back after
@@LION45613 It ended up with the Ottomàns destroying the mamluks in Syria and Egypt.
Historymarche and knowledgia each produced a video about the same battle on the same day, that's impressive
Suddenly, the exact shape of the Eastern Roman Empire was accomplished. But now under an Islamic ruler...
Except Italy , Byzantium captured Italy too
@@e.v3832 only Sicily, Italians fend off Byzantines
@@viniciusyugulis7278 nope Roman Byzantium hold Rome more than 200 years, not just Sicily, and they always dominant in southern Italy as well
@@e.v3832 interesting, I thought they never had Italy proper
@@viniciusyugulis7278 they did , check the era of the Justinian the Great, they recaptured whole Italy and even southeast parts of Spain
Selim like Timur is a great example that marrying into Chinggisid royalty and becoming a son in law of Genghis Khan, turns one into a world conqueror. Timur through the house of Chagatai and Selim through the Jochids :)
Yep you got that
Sultan Selim didn't intend and promote himself as a proclaimed successor of Genghis as Timur did. His aim was to neutralize heretics and unify the Islamic world before marching against the christians. He didn't even plan to march on the Mamluks at first. They grabbed the thunder over themselves because of their misgivings.
Selim really love Babur because of his ancestor
@@ejayaziz470 Ever since the Ankara battle in 1402, Ottomans developed a great deal of admiration for the house of Timur, because of the culture, architecture, historical ties. Mehmed II was inviting hundred of scientists, poets, painters from the Timurid domain, Khurasan. In the eyes of Ottomans, the house of Timur was the last legitimate continental dynasty
@@TerrorbelliDecuspacis-w5fThe Chagatai language which was the native tongue of Timur was also a common language of the Ottomans serving as a lingua franca of Turkic states from the Tarim Basin to the Adriatic
Wow!!!This is a brilliant content and hats of to the Ottoman Empire for their success in conquering Egypt,good friends!!!:-D
Egypt still crying today lol
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@@LogicMonster how is the rent in Berlin ?
Edit : accidental ratio for the original commenter ( sorry 😅 ) also the ottomans are personally my favorite empire it's just that I respect other nations
@@LogicMonster Egypt literally destroyed Ottomans under Muhammad Ali lol😂😂Turkey is 100 years old while Egypt is 4300 years old😂😂Egypt still exists,wheres the ottoman state?😂😂😂
@@BarlasofIndus who the fuck was "muhammad ali"
Muhammed Ali was the ottoman Pasha with correct name Kavalali Mehmet Ali Pasa.Egyptians were the spectators only.Read the Turkish history exactly.It starts with Sumerians,Scythians.Means older than 6000 years.
history rhymes, this feels like the war of alexanders generals but islamic version. thank u i learned alot
In 1517 the Ottoman sultan Selim I (1512-20), known as Selim the Grim, conquered Egypt, defeating the Mamluk forces at Ar Raydaniyah, immediately outside Cairo. The origins of the Ottoman Empire go back to the Turkish-speaking tribes who crossed the frontier into Arab lands beginning in the tenth century.
Having failed to adopt field artillery as a weapon in any but siege warfare, the Mamluks were decisively defeated by the Ottomans both in Syria and in Egypt and from 1517 onward constituted only one of the several components that formed the political structure of Egypt.
The usual answer to the question is that Ottomans had superior weapons and fire power as well as up to date military tactics. The Mamluks fought in traditional way.
Thanks for the information Carl 🙏💪
You can easily tell only English sources were used as Ottoman army was vast majority cavalry not infantry. According to Turkish sources Ottoman army had 8,000 Janissaries, 4,000 Kapıkulu heavy cavalry and around 40,000 Sipahis. So 60,000 number is quite accurate but cavalry ratio was 4:1 at least and that was why Ottoman was very keen to catch Mamluks in a pitched battle instead of a defensive war. Because of this heavy cavalry army Ottoman always struggled to capture castles and towns that cavalry was useless in sieges. So Sultan Selim wasn't sending envoys to trick Mamluks rather he was acting like Ottoman was weak so Mamluks would dare to face them in a pitched battle which was exactly what happened. According to Turkish sources Ottoman cannons were causing heavy casualties for Mamluks so they threw everything for an all out assault on Ottoman sides where light armoured Sipahis were positioned. Sipahis were light armored skirmish forces and they could not handle heavy combat well so they struggled a bit but managed to repel Mamluks. Soon after entire Mamluk battle formation collapsed. Also Turkish sources very clearly state Hayır Bey retreated after right wing collapsed because of Mamluk casualties not before. About Mamluk sultan Ottoman forces just found him dead on the battlefield, nobody exactly knew how he died. It is believed he died from falling from his horse but it is even possible his own soldiers killed him. Entire battle took 8 hours, vast majority of Mamluk army got killed or captured while 2,000 Mamluks refusing to follow orders got executed after the battle. I don't know why western historians ridiculously act like Turkish sources are unreliable while it is all there without much fantasy or bias like ''instant stroke'' etc. You can argue English sources are better for youtube videos as they are full of spicy fantasy that i would agree..
I prefer any other historians but English...
The Mamluks were defeated because of primitive weapons and the betrayal of the leaders of the Mamluk Army
History Marsh also uploaded today a video about that war too
My favorite history channel .. I'll put my request/idea for you guys cuz i would like to see Greek series from Minoans to FallUnder Rome .. Series like you already did for RomanEmpire/Republic .. thanks in advance 😅😊
Interesting topic. So much history in that time timeframe!
@@Knowledgia yup I'm hoping for long ass series hahahah ... Minoans, Mycenaeans, GreekDarkAges, Sparta &Athena, GrecoPersianWars, Alexander the great, WarOfDiadochi, involvement with PunicWars, Syracuse, Greco-RomanWars (Phyruss, MacedonianWars...) Until final fall under Rome and assimilation of Hellenic culture with Roman. Thanks for replying and for ❤️.
Edit: and I believe that you guys could pull out much much more topics in that timeframe then those i listed 😊😁
Great vid! Greetings from The Netherlands.
Nice video
It's all fun and games with history until it hits too close to home.
This is a huge aggressive expansion. Good thing no coaliation was made against the ottomans. This would cost a great deal of admin points though, coring all of the provinces.
hahahah
Under a recent expansion, they don't have to core all provinces. Just make Mamluks an eyelet.
nice keep it up
1:12 Funny that you use an image with misspelling. :D
Cold Beach on D-day landing. LOL :D
The sultan death sounds like a sudden stroke or aneurysm
That’s what I was thinking… maybe it was caused by the stress of losing the battle?
@@Caligulashorse1453 yeah also could be whatever he drunk in his golden cup
According to Turkish sources Ottoman forces just found him dead on the battlefield and nobody exactly knew how he died. It is believed he fell from his horse but it is even possible his own soldiers killed him as Turkish sources also state serious amount of silver and gold was also found in his camp..
@ggoddkkiller1342 that too could've been just as easily assassinated. Seeing as he was betrayed in this battle
@@historylover7355 That part might be also fantasy as Turkish sources very clearly state Hayır Bey retreated after right wing collapsed because of Mamluk casualties not before. Perhaps he ordered reserves to charge as well but his officers pulled him down from his horse and wounded him fatally while running away with some of the gold. It makes more sense than instant stroke lol.
In a study revealed by Alexander Lyon Mcfie in his book The End of the Ottoman Empire (2014), on the economic and social history of the Ottoman Turks, it unstoppable military was found that throughout force
Can you please do one about the independence of the Dominican Republic from Haiti? It will be very interesting
THE TURKS AND THE WEST from 11 days. Europe stood in awe of the Ottomans who crushed many states and conquered vast territories, going, as all patriotic Turks will proudly point out, "all the way to the gates of Vienna." European literature is replete with the depictions of the Turk as the hated enemy. The English often thought of the Turk as awe-inspiring and destructive. Thomas Fuller wrote in The Holy Warre (1639): "The Turkish Empire is the greatest... the sun ever saw. ...Grass springeth not where the grand signior's horse setteth his foot."
During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries , understanding the Turks ‘ military organization , given the credit for the greatest empire since antiquity , became a major European preoccupation .
Speake, J., n.d. Literature of travel and exploration. p.891.
By the middle of the 16th century, the Turks arguably possessed the greatest empire in the world.
A History of the Middle East Paperback - March 15, 2006 by Saul S. Friedman (Author) p.181
It was an informative and wonderful historical coverage (video) about the Ottoman Empire successful campaign against the Egyptian Mamluke empire collapsed and invaded of Cairo ...thank you 🙏 ( Knowledge) channel
The Mamluk state channel is in its worst times of defeat because of the use of primitive weapons by the Mamluks and also the betrayal of the leaders of the Mamluk army and their Ottoman embolism and directing artillery fire against the Mamluk army
12:00 How did they control the Caspian sea
That had the tatars as a vassal state
The tatars controlled most of the Caspian sea until Russia conquered them
@@thedstorm8922 Thank you
Me in EU4 only doing it in 3 wars with 20 year truces in between 😢
Yeah, Eu4 is dissappointing in that regard. You can fully conquer Egypt in 30 years, if you're not using the conquer Egypt casus belli, which is a new feature.. Paradox fixed it in Crusader Kings 3 tho. You can conquer an empire in a single war if you have claims on it.
@@turcocum9454 that’s honestly how it should be, Spain conquered all of Central and South America in less than a Decade, so we should be allowed to do the same instead of fighting a dozen wars with the minor nations or multiple wars with the regional power. Or Qing taking over China in a single conflict, taking over that much territory in game would take 100 in game years
@@safs3098 Game should let us take more provinces in a single war. It's even worse if you are conquering an advanced and developed kingdom. You can only conquer 2 provinces due to high development and insufficient war score. However, even if you managed to take more than 2 provinces in a single war, entire world forms a coalition against you. Which is double annoying.
@@safs3098 It is possible, just takes a bit more elbow grease and some game knowledge, it is a bit annoying tho
It really is crazy how such a large country collapsed in just a year
The Mamluks in their weakest time used primitive weapons and betrayed the leaders of the Mamluk Army and directed artillery fire on the Mamluks instead of the Ottomans
They tachnicly didn't collapse they became part of the ottomans
How can you make videos like this? I mean history on the map, I've been wanting to learn for a long time, but I don't know how))
Both you and HistoryMarche made a video about this on the same day, I am very lucky
Selim I conquered the Mamluks and humiliated the Safavids (who obviously like the Ottomans were Turkic) in 8 years. The Battles of Marj Dabiq and Chaldiran were tactical masterpiece by Selim who was undoubtedly a military genius.
Wouldn't say Marj Dabiq was a tactical masterpiece,çaldiran was but no great tactical genius was used in Marj Dabiq.
On the topic I strongly recommend to integrate with Schwerpunkt's Ottoman warfare content
And when the Ottoman Empire became like former eastern roman Empire it control all the main trading sea route to east then the Christian European could no longer trader properly and peacefully thus the age of exploration began with vasco da gama for founding new route to trade with east in new sea route
Not true. The Ottoman Empire continued to trade with Europe but Venice monopolized that trade and the kingdoms on the western end of the trade had to buy eastern goods from Venice at exorbitant prices. So they looked for a new trade route to cut out Venice. Muslims stopping trade to Europe is an old excuse but its not true.
@@rarelife1 yeah but venecian merchant islands where subjugated and the old silk road came to an end after conquering of Constantinople
And yeah European might had traded with ottoman but the Spanish and Portuguese were the new Christian power after reconquesta and pope and catholic Europe saw them as saviour and they saw ottoman Muslim as a big threat so they tried to find new route to trade with east
Vasco da Gama travelled to India 20 years earlier than Ottomans conquered Egypt and Levant.
@@user-yt198 yeah but the reasons are the following what I said
@@SeikhSayedAaman-qm6fx I'll add that Portuguese exploration started decades before Ottoman conquest of Constantinople let alone Egypt and Syria were most of the spice trading was done. They were already exploring the islands of the Atlantic coast near Africa in the mid 1400s. They wrote why they did it and it had nothing to do with the Ottomans or spices but to spread Catholicism. But they quickly realized the economic potential of a new trade route out of Venice-ottoman control. When Vasco de gama circumnavigated Africa it was a reconnaissance mission, he gauged the Muslim presence in the atlantic/Indian ocean and retuned to Portugal. He left again for Indian ocean but this time with a larger fleet.
TLDR many factors explain why the age of European discovery started not just one.
didnt HistoryMarch just upload a vidoe about
Just today lol
if you read the details in the books of egyptians
you relise that there were many misunderstandings and miscommunication that led to this conflict
You mean Mamluk Mexico right?
It was always so. The Hyksos conquered Egypt also in short order, and so did the Persians under Darius I and then Alexander.
what happened to skanderbeg part 2
He was great.
8:43 these are the symptoms of a seizure
Nice coincidence uploading alongside history marche about the same conflict
When crusaders were killing muslim in iberian peninsula, Auttoman were destroying another Islamic empire in stead of saving Muslim.
you have never read history book sultan bayezid the father of selim rescue most of Muslims and Jews and give them asylum in his empire
Pretending your neighbours believe in a different religion just to starts wars haha
The Crimean War be like
Napolyon saldırısına kadar Mısır 281 yıl Osmanlı Türk yönetiminde kaldı. 1882 ye hatta 1914 e kadar da Türk etkisi sürdü. Osmanlı öncesindeki Memlükler de zaten Türk devletiydi. Hatta Memlükler ülkelerine Türkiye derdi… Mısır’da halen halk üzerinde güçlü bir dostane ilişki olarak Türk etkisi vardır.
There is no Turkish or other influence on the Egyptian people because the Egyptian people have the greatest civilization Second, most of the period of occupation of the Ottoman Empire was only nominal occupation, especially after the rise of Muhammad Ali Pasha to rule Egypt, and there was nothing called a Turkish state Originally the Mamluks were two factions Marine Mamluks Tower Mamluks It consists of Georgian Circassians Second, Turkey is a modern country that has nothing to do with all this It was founded in the forties by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, it has no civilization or The history and region of the Balkans was just an Egyptian colony during the era of the Holy Egyptian Empire during the era of Sizostris
@@LION45613Tulunids...zengids ...mamluks " al dawlat al Turkiyya " .
How do you create these videos
Saad 2 muslims fighting, mamluks were the one who stopped the Mongols
And saved europe
Some other Facts: Sultan Al Ashraf-originally named:Kansu Gavri and his pro army were all Circassian-Kipchak Turks.His ancestor Tomanbay too.Hayir Bey-original name Hayrabay was also Circassian. So both armies(except local conscripts)and commanders spoke Turkish and had the same Asian nomadic roots.Think like Ostrogoths and Visigoths battle
B.S, that’s like 308% warscore at LEAST. Selim 1 is using hacks
Moral of the story:
Don't bring knife to a gun fight
The Safavids were a Turkic empire whose center was Azerbaijan and later moved to Iran. Because not only the dynasty ruled the state, but other important positions of the state were controlled by Turkmens, and the most important thing was that the army was mainly composed of Azerbaijani and Khorasan Turks.
They just had a really powerful casus belli
Fun fact - it's impossible to conquer Mameluks as Ottomans in 1 year in Europe Universalis 4
Agressive expansion was discovered in 1555
People before 1555:
You never mentioned how Ottoman army past the Sinai desert in a short time with minimum loses. This alone proves military genius of Sultan Selim I and logistic capability of his empire.
Another video subject suggestion; If Ottomans didn’t conquest Mamluks State, Would Mamluks erase Portugal in Indian Ocean and stop later period west Europeans to colonize in Indian Ocean? Or Would Mamluks fleets reach Latin America and make trade and make them Muslim as Arabs made Muslim to some coastal area Indian Ocean trading states?
Sultan had a stroke.
A rising empire against a paper Tiger.
How did they control the Caspian?
how did they control the Caspian sea ?
Sounds like the the old Sultan stroked out at the news that he lost.
I remember the themes when you were getting millions of views but now like most channels maximum 50,000 hit hard.
Back then, people have more time due to covid
Yeah you're right, but still people forgot some channels.@@asmrnaturecat984
They had no guns but cannons.
ottomans never controlled the Caspian sea! The fact that they had plundered Azerbaijan once, doesn't mean they controlled the Caspian Sea! There is historical data confirming ottoman presence in the Caspian Sea!!!!!
Safavid was not Persia anyways
True, they were Azeri
You explained the two great wars, the Mercidabık and Ridaniye wars, very simply. It is described as if nothing much happened in the war and the huge Mamluk state was destroyed by two simple wars. I expected a more detailed and realistic explanation...
The Mamluk state was in the maximum period of weakness and disintegration of it and the Mamluks used primitive weapons and the leaders of the Mamluk army were bribed and artillery fire was directed at the Mamluks instead of the Ottomans
11:58 you forgot to mention the Persian gulf
I just saw historymarche video
What about the history of Aceh and Turkey?
Sounds like he died of a stroke/heart attack no? Left side of his body doing that. I KNOW your hearts in the CENTRE of your chest people think its on the left because that's where the main arteries pump out to the left side. so it DOES effect the left side.
ottoman empired controlled caspian sea? how?
good thing the US wasnt around back then... or we would have proxied the fuck out of ottomans by supplying egypt with arms, funds, and training... not like enough to win or anything, but enough to make a dent.
Mamluks stole the Copts from their Lands, free Egypt from the mamluks
Mamluks were late to modernize their army + anarchy over the last tears previous to face Selim.
At the same , Selim&his army were just too strong..
Why is randomly betraying and leaving a battle while winning such a common trope in history?
Overextension +9999%
I'm not likely to give Google or Patreon a cut, but let me know if you ever start a Floatplane. They function as kind of a hybrid of the two platforms and take a lower percentage, allowing creators the choice to discount the subscription or take a bigger cut at the same price.
HOW U CALL DOWLATI-QIZILBASH "PERSIA"???UR GRADIATED FROM WALMART
Satisfying to do that in EU4 :)
Am i watching history Marche or knowledgia?
I love your videos. I also post history videos.
Yavuz Sultan Selim’in sina çölünü 13 günde geçmesinden bahsetmeyen tarihçi mi olur
Hey, can you please make video how Islam & Christianity came to Indonesia? As an Indonesian, Islam didn't really come with trade especially to what happened with my ethnic groups, an indigenous ethnic group in the middle of Sumatran jungles and Bukit Barisan mountain range near the largest vulcanic lake in the world. In 1539, Acehnese Sultanate invaded my ancestors's kingdom when our king refused Islam. Aceh lost the war then they bought & hired Ottoman weapons & soldiers to invade us. In the 1810s during Padri War, an Islamic civil war in Minangkabau, Padri soldiers also heard a bunch of cannibalistic pagan tribes in the middle of North Sumatra who stayed as pagans, Padri soldiers massacred 200.000 people even executed our king for not accepting Islam, they brutally ransacked our villages/cities & massacred my ethnic groups who refused their religion. They were failed to conquer us when a cholera outbreak happened thanks to dead bodies that leaked cholera. After they failed to conquer us, our ancestors were devastated after watching our ransacked kingdoms and dead relatives even cholera outbreak happened and decimated our population. My ancestors became hostile towards outsiders/foreigners. A couple of US Baptist missionarists came and introduced Christianity. Too bad, the locals thought they were another hostile foreigners/outsiders and they caught & ate them. Before Christianity came, my people were pagans who had cannibalistic culture/rituals. My ancestors conducted cannibalism towards people who did terrible crimes such as rape, murder, or treason. POWs were also eaten back then. Before Christianity, my ancestors believed if we ate people, it'd grant us magical strength. Child sacrifice was also happened before we accepted Christianity. A German missionarist came and introduced Christianity among my people. He built schools, hospitals, etc. But a lot of kingdom citizens hated him coz Christianity could destroy our culture and religion such as our cannibalistic rituals. Cannibalism was eventually banned when Dutch colonial regime imposed anti cannibalism law towards us in 1900s. If Christianity never came, perhaps my people would still do capital punishment in form of cannibalism and conduct child sacrifice. Unlike other Indonesian regions which were colonized for 350 years, we only got conquered in 1907 when Dutch soldiers succesfully assassinated our priest king. Dutch faced difficulties at fighting a cannibalistic nation in the middle of Sumatran jungles near a large lake.