The origins of language - how was language created?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 21 ส.ค. 2024
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How did language appear and how come humans are the only ones on the whole Earth to have it? The question of language origins is one of the biggest mysteries of human evolution. There is a countless amount of theories that try to explain it. Here I present my take on this problem.
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#linguistics #evolution #humanevolution
Historical linguistics was my favorite linguistics course in college by far. More like this please!
Toda América sería un solo país es México en un futuro próximo el idioma oficial sería en español México va ser el primer mundo México será potencia mundial vivA México querido México
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Con amor se paga todo ❤️ con amor al pueblo Unido ❤️🇲🇽❤️
Con democracia
Con socialismo
La grandeza de México
Atentamente libertad
🇲🇽🌎💯🌍🇲🇽
Ya verás que sí 🙂 lo positivo es lo más importante del mundo ☺️😊
Could you recommend some textbooks on it please?
@@voxtur__7 I believe we used "An Introduction to Historical Linguistics" by Claire Bowern and Terry Crowley in class, but I'm sure there are plenty other ones that will give you a good intro.
This is not "historical linguistics" at all.
@@hglundahl So what branch of linguistics is this?
Julie and other TH-cam presenters like Physics Girl are real treasures. There should be a special category either in the Oscars or the Emmy's to acknowledge their accomplishments.
imo they're both so good because they are so unlike anything such award ceremonies and institutions value
i hate physics julingo is better than math female
Their beauty helps 😅
@@uNIVERSEmAN76 Unfortunately. I was disappointed when I noticed most of the female youtubers I followed were extraordinarily pretty. I would like to think knowledge, insight and communication skills would trump that, but alas. Women are still judged first and foremost on their beauty.
P.S. successful male youtubers are also routinely good-looking - although not as exclusively as women.
@@skepticalfaith5201 what if it is that women are taught more, due to old social traditions requiring women to be exceptionally beautiful to have a rich husband, how to make themselves beautiful, without fully relying on genetics, like men tend to do
I love the study of words -- etymology, ancient origins, history, lore, and changes in meanings over short to long time periods. Years ago i went through an English dictionary and noticed that words beginning with consonant clusters have meanings related in some way, closely or not so closely. Two obvious examples are gl- and sn- words whose meanings have something to do with reflective light or a smooth reflective surface (glacier, glance, glass, gleam, glint, glisten, glitter, etc.), and a nose or snout, mucus, or to grab something to eat as if with a snout (snack, snap, sneeze, sniff, snore, snort, snot, snub) respectively. But there are a lot more, and it is a really interesting thing to study. Rhyming words sometimes have related meanings too, such as bright and light and bump, clump, hump, lump; there are many more of those too. There are also single-consonant related words, some examples out of many are "rounded shape" -- bag, ball, batch, bell, boll, bowl, bud, bug, bulk, bullet, bump, bun, bunch, bush, bust, butt etc.; "something hard" or "something wooden" -- back, bake, bar, barge, barn, bash, bat, German Baum ("tree"), beam, beat, bench, board, boat, French bois ("wood"), bone, build; "young or small animal" or "fertility" -- calf, canine, cat, colt, coney, cub, cur, kid, kit (small fox), kitten.
If you have not studied linguistics, have a look at the research on Proto Indo European, which is the progenitor of almost all European, Central Asian, Middle Eastern, and Indian languages.
@@MarcosElMalo2 I'm aware of PIE and have been all my life. No one can study words in unabridged dictionaries without seeing in the etiologies all the hypothetical PIE word roots.
Just have a check with Ancient Tamil ( Brahmi ) language
Amazing that you discovered this all on your own.
@@toasty_chakra It certainly would be.
I learned Vietnamese as a P.O.W.As a prisoner during the Vietnam war we were isolated from each other.I forgot my own language but picked it up again when released.It took me awhile to lose the Vietnamese accent. Weird or what.A person doesnt realize how quickly one can lose his mother tongue.
Hi Julie. I'm watching your videos almost from the beginning, and I'm deeply impressed about how they have evolved over time. Technically, as well as content-based. This one is absolutely stunning! Keep on doing so!
My mother spoke multiple languages. By 8 months old I could speak French..her 'mother tongue' in simple 3-4 word sentences. By 14 months I also understood and could reply in Cree ..My mother is native so I guess you could say they were a dual mother tongue family. It took me until 4 to be comfortable in speaking and comprehending English even though we had lived in a mainly English speaking community from the time I was 6 months old. Over the years I have acquired competency in Spanish and am able to get the gist of a person's meaning in German if the spoke a bit slower. My questions for you are: I understand this was early. Why and how? also of 5 children I am the only one who acquired this ability. Additional info...for approximately 3 generations before me about one third of the people spoke early and or spoke multiple languages. My son also is fluent in the same languages as me. So the question is why some and not all? Last question is English took me the longest even though I lived in a mainly English community; my step dad and sibling only spoke English fluently. Why would that be? I thoroughly enjoy your videos . they are well put together easy to understand and very informative. Merci pour vos efforts. Vous êtes une personne très admirable. Je te souhaite le meilleur Julie
I hope you get a reply
I'm jealous. I could learn to read other languages, but fluency never came. But, you could never learn to speak the N@me perfectly.
How did you know how old you were when you as a young child achieved a linguistic milestone?
As for how quickly a new language is acquired, one's age certainly seems to make a huge difference in acquisition speed.
I was in a very complicated linguistic environment in which everybody talked differently. I acquired new sub-languages very quickly when my Dad stayed home for an extended period and mandated me to speak to him in what he could understand. Another time was because of an in-law. Languages are mostly cultural artifacts.
What languages we use are somewhat malleable but acquiring the *NUANCED* meanings of vocabulary can be a very tricky endeavor. Accents also change as we pick up new languages. My kid once told me that I had a "strange accent." Well, we were actually closer in languages than my Dad and I. 😂
Could you do a video covering the Elfdalian language? The Swedish government doesn't recognize it as a separate language even though it is completely different and has a lot of archaic features from old norse
Must be them very different, just like Entlish and English...
How easy you've made the understanding of the complex factors required for speech! Linguistic big history is one giant, amazing thought experiment. I love it.
That was good. I grew up in a Finnish speaking household in Helsinki and later had friends in Stockholm where I even later lived a few years. Then I have lived in California by far the most of my life. Today I have an accent in all of those languages, but my Swedish friends sound more native in English that I do. In Japanese (where I used to know some words and grammar (surprisingly similar to Finnish -ko, -ka to make a question, -n, no (の) for possessive etc. ) to get by a little) I don't have that much of an accent, they say. I think it is called synaptic pruning.
As far as how language came to be I think it is like any evolutionary thing. It builds on what came before and thus accelerates. Goes for biology, technology etc.
For humans, coordinating as groups is important. And whatever gives us a survival advantage is important and we find pleasurable as that encourages that kind of behavior. Eating,, sex, safe shelter are the obvious ones. Pushing the envelope of communications is there, too. The joke we almost don't get, but do, is the best joke. The same goes with music, visual arts, whatever. Those are not frivolous, those help us with a very important survival skill. Thus we find them pleasurable. Me thinks.
Excellent discussion Julie. Have you heard of 'Genie' the feral girl whose parents locked her in a room without much stimulation and refused to talk to her except in short commands (yes, no, stop, etc). When she was discovered, at around 13 years old, many linguists realized that essentially the forbidden experiment about language acquisition had been made. As they spent time with her trying to communicate and teach her words, they realized that she could not make proper grammatical sentences. The period of grammar acquisition came and went and did not come back. It is a fascinating and heartbreaking story. You can begin to understand it by looking up 'Genie (feral child)' on Wikipedia. There are books and a documentary on her. But watch out this will leave you emotionally twisted up in knots. Thanks again Julie.
PS. I tend to see that language is actually divine in a very real sense, in that the complexity of life precedes in every case the development of life. What comes first the subatomic realm or the impossibly complex organizational structures. Ditto the cell. Ditto the human body and DNA. The information always precedes the thing. Some scientists now say as an axiom that 'bit comes before it'. Or to put it in biblical terms... In the beginning was the Word (the Logos).
imho: logos in the biblical context would most precisely translate to 'ideas' derived from "Universal Divine Reason", or pure thought. Ergo, "First thought, then materialization. First the plan. Second the house or words.
Small correction: In the graph of loudness v frequency, the x-axis is incorrectly labeled as GHz. That's a billion times higher than the correct label: Hz.
Excellent video. I have always enjoyed studying languages and marvel at how easily a baby can learn its mother tongue. The ability of humans to communicate is but one miracle of our ancient history. Other quite remarkable talents we have are opposable thumbs, stereo vision, conquest over fire, burying our dead, art, music, philosophy, mathematics and pondering life’s great questions. The Wycliffe Bible Translators are dedicated people who live in isolated areas where rare dialects are spoken. Their mission is to live with the people and learn their language so perfectly that they can produce a translation of the Bible in their native tongue. I do pretty well with Spanish. Less with German and Italian. But I’m nowhere fluent enough to preach the Gospel.
Keep up the good work! I’m in the process of watching my first two grandkids begin to speak. One is 9 months and the other is 12 months. My daughter and Brazilian son in law will have their 9 month old son learning Spanish, Portuguese and English.
Thank you so much!
Hi Julie. This is the best explanation I have seen in more than 15 years. As a doctor I have studied medical history and found that many medical concepts were developed as medicine advanced. Hippocrates the founder of modern medicine (using observation as an important tool), did not have a word for observation. This word only shows up many centuries later etc
Good work.
Excellent Julie! My take on language learning as an adult is that you learn the particles first, because they are paramount to the structure of any language. I've learned Cebuano and Tagalog this way. My wife is a true polyglot. She was fortunate to have two mother tongues (Higaonon Binukid, her tribal language, and Cebuano). As a result, she has also been able to learn three more Filipino languages, and learned English at school.
What do you mean by particles?
@@Rosannasfriend The list is very large! They are used all the time in conversation and can alter the meaning of what is said. Common ones are "Na" which means "Now/Already"), "Pa" ("Still/Yet"), "Ba" for questions, "Ra/Da/Lang/Lamang" ("Just/Only"), "Gyud/Gayud/Bitaw/Lagi/Gani" ("Indeed"), "Usab/upod" ("Also/Too"), "Man/ugod" (expressing new information or contradicting previous information), "Diay" (indicates the speaker has new information), "Siguro/Tingali" ("Probably/Maybe"), "Unta/Mayta" ("Hope"), "Mao" ("Is/Was/Will be"), "Gani" ("Even"), "Bisan" ("Even though/Even if/Although"), "Intawon" ("Pity"), "Puhon" ("In the future/God willing"), "Ha" (only at the end of a sentence, "Do you understand?/Right), "Ay" (follows a word to call attention to it) and "Uy/Oy" (expresses annoyance or surprise). I have to say my favorite is "Murag" ("Like/Seemingly" which is Mao+Ra+Og}. I use that one in the place of the English phrase "Something like that". I haven't even mentioned "Sa" which covers most English prepositions, or the words "Nga" and "Og" which link phrases. Of course in Cebuano spelling is variable and shortening words is very common.
A tiny thing: in the word "diaphragm" the g is silent, the m is not. so it's "di-a-fram" not "frag"
Love your videos, and taking on such a task is admirable. We have a lot of words from a lot of languages which makes ours very hard to pronounce, even for native speakers. And you do a really good job, all things considered.
Yes, much like the word 'phlegm'.
Yeahh, in Portuguese we say Diafragma and the G is actually pronounced, I would do the same in English if I hadn't read your comment 😂
@@pablodelsegundo9502fleggum /s
Blame William the Bastard and the Normans for a lot of English’s irregularities.
A correction for a claim about ape communication via sign language.
No ape has ever actually managed to obtain a working grasp of any sign language. Rather, ape communication specialists looked for evidence in support of their hypothesis and ignored the evidence contrary to it. Soup Emporium actually has a deep dive into how the idea of Koko learning sign language came about, was spread, and how linguists conclusively showed that the field of ape communications was founded upon fraud in his video "Why Koko (Probably) Couldn't Talk (Sorry) | The Deep Dive" [published May 5, 2021].
Moreover, as mentioned in the aforementioned video, ape hands lack the dexterity to learn ASL, so a modified sign language based off an untrained English speaker's understanding of ASL was used in order to facilitate the alleged sign language training, and even that didn't stick as the animals were unable to grasp grammar, syntax, or even the representational nature of the elements of the language.
@Bear No, but it is a [non-podcast] video because I was pressed for time when I made the previous comment. That said, the citations for the claims of the video are given throughout it's runtime.
It's easier and quicker to just link to an aggregate of relevant material than compile a list from scratch, so that's what I deigned to do. Especially since my interest was never in ape communications, because I was never particularly impressed by what came out of it.
Moreover, you can simply show a video of any of these apes "talking" using "sign language" to a deaf or mute person, or an interpreter and they'll confirm that there's no structure to an ape's use of sign language.
Thanks! This video is especially informative about aspects of the evolution of human language that I have heard of, but haven't heard/seen explained before.
Please do a video on Mayan Language!
Hi, Julie. Nice to see a new video from you! Hope you are well.
one of the best chanel that recommendation by youtube, i always liked to learn about the etymology of some words and now, because of your videos, my curiosity go beyond my first language to other languages
Something I've been working on, a philosophical study of primal language in Humans. Simply put, before you learned your native tongue, what langue did you use, in your own head? What language does a baby speak to themselves in? Some say they speak in flashes of ensite, of images and situations. If this is so, then what language do we speak to ourselves in as adults? To use a cultural language, you have to translate an idea into a symbol called a word, translate again for a written word, a read word, a sung word and so forth. You also have to control muscles and airflow, hand and finger motion, body language, hearing and sight and that's just for auditory and written language. A very complex and time consuming task. We can speak somewhat faster, use abbreviations and jargon or slang but, mostly, we have to slow down our thinking language. You might call it training our minds or, more likely, domesticating our minds. But, in times of need, we can and do use the original primal language to get us out of a dangerous situation, to tell ourselves what to do, sometimes called instinct or reflex. We see no inner conversation but that doesn't mean there isn't one, it's just too fast to translate to conscious thought and logical construction. Now, another part of this study concerns those with learning and language disabilities like ADD, ADHD, or Autism. Could it be that they are still using that primal language and have not learned the complex translation process to native language. They may not be thinking language disabled, but be thinking at a rate so fast we can't relate. Too, lacking communication skills means their experiences are limited and so their primal vocabulary might also be limited. My question here is, what can they communicate with at lightning speed and share perspectives with? Computer code comes to mind, simple 1s and 0s, in a sequence, but here my ignorance is very great. What sort of inner face could they use to talk with? Babies sometimes seem to talk with each other, in a primal language, how can those we call ADD and ADHD and so forth use the language they have to communicate, at least, with each other? I see these people as not disabled but, possibly, Homo Superior, the next step in Human evolution. the problem with Human-computer inner face, that I see is that, computers are fast but really stupid, they can't make leaps of logic or play hunches or, guess, everything needs to be precise and simple for them. (I am a firm believer that, until a computer can go crazy, they will never match human mental ability.) At this point, my ignorance overcomes my philosophy and I am at a loss for the next step.
It will be ethically incorrect, but one wonders what we would see if one would study the parts of the brain that are being activated (and in which sequence) per stage of a child's development towards speaking.
Hi Julie. I'm going to make a video on the origins of language and wanted to get a sense of how others have approached this topic. I had never heard of you before the other day, but I just wanted to say that this, and all of your videos, are really great. Keep up the good work!
Amazing, as always. As a language teacher, your videos are an amazing source of inspiration. I would love to see you making a video about peculiar brazilian indigenous languages, like the pirahã.
I like Juli’s pronunciation of Noam Chomsky. I think I will use it from now on.
Thank you for your channel! Love from Austria❤
Dear Julia, The idea of giving you an Oscar or Emmy (or both) is a very appropriate idea. Your ability to present scientific knowledge in a competent manner is outstanding. I assume that you spend a lot of time preparing each video. In spite of this I would like to whisper a humble request into your ear: Would it be possible for you to produce these highly valuable videos in Russian as well? A lot of people out there may have difficulties with English - and yet they are very interested in learning interesting new facts. I studied linguistics through Russian myself and I see in your way of presenting things a brand new approach to didactics which I beleive will open the doors to science for many Russians of the younger generation. The world needs to progress - and this goes for the русский мир as well. Best wishes, Regnar
Hi Juli, do you have any thought or maybe willing to make a video where the entire people in Bengkala village in Bali Indonesia speak sign language?
You guys do realize that only those people who pay as a patron get to choose the topics of her next episode? This is the origin of language maybe: people are trying to do more things with money less than what's due. So they talk.
@@njuvanrui2951 lol what a bunch of simps
❤Your channel is literally my comfort place. You make me so happy. ❤😁❤
“Cat, i know you’re very busy …”😂😂😂🤣🤣🤣😾😾😾
Hello Julie!
You know a lot about the nature, relationships and origins of languages. Your extensive knowledge makes me curious if you would be willing to do a little experiment. Maybe you'd like it.
It is all about:
At some point in my youth I began to occasionally name things in my own language or to say something I wanted to express in my own language. I tried to empty my mind and free it from what was already known. My aim was to put into words the feelings I experienced when I looked at things and situations. The results was a language like this:
"Biga de, miga bonna! Biga donka thi thoi biga?"
(Welcome followed by a question.)
"Isingaya"
(A specific garden plant.)
"Bellikikli belli a wi?"
(Question about an observed process.)
Do you have any idea of what I wanted to express with each word and sentence?
I agree that making stone tools requires absract concepts so teaching the skill would give an evolutionarty advantage to developing language. The spin-off advantages in social skills would have accelerated the selection.
I used to think about it, in 1st-2nd grade, when they teach you about human evolution.
Language evolution from lines to words, sound into language, etc.
And my mind always went haywire, because my mind always went to-
So basically words are nothing? Just different agreed upon sounds, by neanderthals? (before stone wheel revolution)
& different neanderthals in different regions of the world used different lines and different sounds?
Whatever bs someone is screaming at me (as a kid), is artificially created sounds, agreed upon by other humans to use and standardized?
And it actually means nothing? My anxiety is fake because adults screaming words at me are just sound, agreed upon to mean something. In actuality is just vibration?
And my mind went in weird meltdown, always. 😂😂
This is exactly what I am interested in. So happy I just happened to come across your channel today! I have been wondering if there are languages close enough that can be somehow blended together to make one language for all, such as an Asian dialect, or Norse, or or or, haha. I don't know enough yet about global regions to make logical guesses, lol. Thank-you for sharing your knowledge, 🙏❤️🥲.
A language was created called Interlingua, obtaining the sounds that different languages have in common to create a language that most languages would understand.
@@drcanoro THANK-YOU! Has it been put into practice? Are there samples I can hear and and and, lolol. Where may I learn about it if you know please?!!!!!! 🙏🤗🥰
@@drcanoro Esperanto was an earlier attempt, I guess
Your language videos are a world treasure, always exactly the important / interesting information and nothing else!
You mentioned problems learning Japanese? OMG, Japanese has a clear simple grammar ... the opposite of Russian and (I guess) Latvian! Here's two hints I wish somebody had told me about learning Japanese:
o Learn Chinese first!
Chinese must be the simplest language, it's great! It is unrelated to Japanese, *but* Japanese absorbed vast vocabulary and some grammar from Chinese. Once you can identify the Chinese inside Japanese, you can subtract it out and see the clear Japanese structure. Plus, the huge portion of Japanese vocabulary that comes from Chinese will be familiar!
o Know the 5 levels of spoken Japanese grammar!
These are said to be:
- imperial -- forget about it
- formal
- polite -- what us gaijins must use
- casual
- cursing -- forget about it
For "formal", you will only need the dozen fixed social phrases that you must learn first anyhow, such as "yoroshiku onegai itashimasu".
For "polite", this is for people who are not your relatives or intimate friends ... i.e. everybody you will meet.
For "casual", you cannot use it since you have no Japanese relatives or intimate friends ... but it is well worth being able to understand what people are actually saying!
Just walking down the street in Tokyo, I heard a mother say to her small child:
Nani shteru no?!
In polite form, which is what *we* must learn and use, that translates to:
Nani wo shite imasu ka?! -- "What are you doing?!"
Once you can separate the Chinese parts out of Japanese, and recognize polite vs. casual levels ... Japanese becomes a super friendly language.
The U.S.A. State Department has a rating of how easily a language such as Japanese can be learnt by someone who speaks English.
Both Chinese and Japanese are rated rather hard to be learnt by an English speaker.
I wonder why Julie picked such a difficult language, Japanese, to learn. Maybe she wanted it as a challenge.
Japanese floored me, too. The grammar! It's something, circular? Where English and German, which I do speak, are kind of linear, you go down a path. Sometimes I feel grammar is like music, the timing, the rules, the rhythm. What do you think?
I greatly appreciate that you recognize humans are not the only ones able to communicate. Orcas are able to communicate very complex messages, same with whales, and we are just starting to understand that plants communicate as well. Given plants super evolved biology, the potential is massive.
I love your videos. We also NEED more Mr. Gabby. :)
Very descriptive and analytical video !👌 It covers historical, evolutionary, scientific and almost all other aspects of human languages. Thanks for sharing the video !💐
Awesome insightful video to make people think. The Tower of Babel comes to mind as the major dispensing of major human language.
Hello! Could you do a video on the berber languages of North Africa (called Tamazight locally)? I think it would be a very interesting video on an unknown language with a unique history!
You are one of the greatest if not the e. I study several different languages in my spare time and your insights and outfits are always refreshing.
JuLino: I have always wondered why dogs and humans connect so easily. Just by hearing how a dog barks it is very easy for most of us humans to guest correctly how that dog feels at that moment. Do you have any thought on why it is like this?
Dogs are an "artificial" species. They were bred by humans and for humans, so naturally those humans artificially selected the dogs that could communicate easier with them. If a dog communicated in a way that was impossible to understand by humans, it wouldn't get selected.
@@osasunaitor Possibly, and you can say the same thing about cats ( another “artificial” specie?). They have about a dozen different sounds they make and they’re very distinctive to their feelings
This is one of your best videos, thank you so much! The question of the when language began, and how, bothers me a lot ...
It’s “irreducibly complex”. i.e. Intelligent Design
Language is the supernatural power. It is the tool, the bridge that provides access into everyone’s infinite observations and imaginings. Everything our species has accomplished was once imaginary. Observed, identified and communicated to each other we created culture and identity.
Great video, as always!
I would just like to point something out, though... Primates like Koko, who have supposedly learned how to communicate through signals, actually didn't. Everything related to her life is shady, and all the works published by the "researchers" involved were not peer-reviewed. I think there's even a good video about that on TH-cam.
I was going to work with primates (more specifically, golden-headed tamarins) communication for my masters course, but I decided to quit Biology and learn JavaScript. :p
EDIT: I also see you mentioned the inability of other apes to articulate words, but according to a 2016 study, their vocal tracts are actually 'speech-ready'. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600723
This is what I'm studying now. Origin of speaking and origin of "Written Alphabet!"
on the topic "origins of language" you might find interest in this book by the Italian Linguist Franco Fabbro "identità culturale e violenza". It's a book about the importance of language in shaping identity and he also looks into how religion works in similar ways. If I'm remembering well enough one theory about the origin of language appearing in the book is linked to music and starts about 80,000 years ago in Africa, connected to a major dry period which caused the extinction of pretty much all human species in Africa except for Sapiens (albeit outside of Africa some species would not go extinct yet, e.g. Neanderthal). I'm trying to put it short: during this period it was predominantly homo sapiens women that were feeding the communities by collection of tubers (wich then by cooking would turn starch into carbohydrates), men did not bring back much meat from hunting because of the drought, so conflict in the group would arise. To resolve this conflict the people would dance to a rhythm around the fire (I guess in the evening when cooking the tubers), this favoured the synchronization as they would also make sounds when dancing to the rhythm. Those not able to synchronize with the rhythm and sounds of the group would be marginalized or recognized as not belonging to the group, so there would be a strong incentive to synchronize and this enhanced the grammar/syntax/language capabilities (some rudimentary form of language was already existing before this evolution and present also amongst Neanderthal and Heidelbergensis, possibly even Erectus). There are also some theories that music was not part of the Neanderthal "culture" and that music and language allowed Sapiens to get organised in bigger groups, so when Sapiens and Neanderthal groups met the Neanderthal would dissolve into the bigger Sapiens group.
Till now even scientist are not agree on any theory of how languages begin.
thank you so much, lady you helped me well to find BUSSU is very important to me
Hello Juli. Your channel is very interesting and you presentation makes it entertaining. I learn a lot. Looks like you are close to 100k subscribers. I hope you reach it before the end of 2022!
15:00
Development of language.
Let's be honest .
No one has the answer to this.
Period.
PURE SPECULATION
PURE SPECULATION
No, existe bastante investigación y muchas teorías al respecto... Tanto en H. heidelbergensis como en H.
neanderthalensis, el segmento horizontal de
las vías aéreas superiores es más largo que
en Homo sapiens y probablemente era de
mayor longitud que el correspondiente segmento
vertical, lo que implica diferencias en
las vocalizaciones de las dos especies fósiles,
por un lado, y la especie humana actual.
No obstante, la discrepancia de longitud
entre ambos segmentos sería de una magnitud
sensiblemente menor de lo que se ha
publicado para el caso de las vías aéreas
superiores de los chimpancés (LIEBERMAN,
P. et alii, 1972). En consecuencia, las previsibles
diferencias en las vocalizaciones entre
las mencionadas especies humanas fósiles
y la especie humana actual serían de escasa
magnitud y no implicarían diferencias significativas
en la eficiencia de la comunicación
oral.
This is a good summary of Sverker Johansson's "På Spaning efter Språkets Ursprung" (The Dawn of Language), though I think in fairness he might have deserved a mention.
Really interesting video !
Great video. Thank you. Important remark is pronouncing Chomsky with tʃ. +having in mind he's a sophisticated Russian troll.
...@2:43......"Chimps have a call for apples and a call for jackfruits".....but , sadly ,the Jackfruits never answered........
One of your best videos!!
Hi Juli, Is there anything known about what are the oldest words that are still in use?
mama
Just got around to watching this video. I thought it was a really good summary of the subject. One of the items think is under emphasized when talking about the acquisition of speech is how humans breath. The evolved upright posture of humans required dramatic and unique changes to how humans breath relative to all other animals. This uniqueness was driven not by speech but by the evolution of bipedalism. The changes that occurred result in a decupling of breathing from excursion which gave human conscious breath control that is typically only seen in sea mammals. I believe conscious breath control is the key that lead to speech.
I think one difference that may contribute to why we have grammar and other animals don’t is that our brains are uniquely evolved to spend most of time thinking about the future. You need grammar to communicate the future. Not so much to state present facts.
great job!!
Your videos are amazing can u please do an slovenian langauge video pleaseeeeee❤❤❤❤
You should check out the AstroTonality discovery that words, signatures are actually signs or waves of tonal frequency calculated by the Sumerian base of 6 Gematria. For example, Word is 360 as is holy is 360 as it is teacher. The tone of 360 is G
All of the planets equal tones according to their signature or sign wave. We have developed a whole system that correlates astrological signatures into signs which are tones.
The congruence of the archetypal names geometry and tonal degree frequency is mind blowing that shows the mind is a Monad of frequency sign wave measure.
Dear Julie, I am fascinated by your videos. The origins of language ? The origin of anything is at the same time the origin of purpose. The purpose of life is the creation of identity, this being the case because PREDISPOSITION requires it for self-expression. As the wise Socrates said, we all come into the world ' already equipped ' to do something with excellence. So we are predisposed. We exist for the sake of our predisposition. It was told by an astrologer that I was born to study philosophy, this situation brought about because I had a perfect conjunction of Mercury and Pluto in Leo ( 9th house ) to the same degree. What the astrologer said was correct. I am also a bass player although I have never had any lessons. That's predisposition for you. Everything that we do and which happens to us does so because it is fundamental to a process which is driven by predisposition. The Anthropic Principle is correct. We are unavoidable.
I heard about a study that graphed the frequency of sounds produced by different animals (including humans), and they found 2 patterns emerge. One pattern shared by all humans regardless of the language they spoke and another that other animals made. All other animals except cetations. The graph for the sound patterns of cetations (whales and dolphins) was the same graph for all human languages. This suggests that the sounds cetations make IS infact language.
Thank you for this video. I like your approach to teaching, and it's great to realize that in a talk like this, not a word was uttered about N. Chomsky (“Xomsky”, that is!).
I could list the virtues of this video, but I'm just going to say that if there's any justice on TH-cam, it's going to have millions of views soon. Congratulations!
“But the real puzzle is that the greatest diversity of human societies and languages arises not where people are most spread out [like the Arctic], but where they are most closely packed together [like Papua New Guinea, where neighboring tribes typically speak distinctly different languages].” - Pagel
“We should expect new languages to arise as people spread out and occupy new lands because as soon as groups become isolated from one another their languages begin to drift apart and adapt to local needs.” But then he notes that the opposite appears to have happened, writing, “But the real puzzle is that the greatest diversity of human societies and languages arises not where people are most spread out [like the Arctic], but where they are most closely packed together [like Papua New Guinea, where neighboring tribes typically speak distinctly different languages].” - Pagel
According to the Bible, Noah's ark came to rest in Anatolia. “Our work indicates that the protolanguage originated more than 6,000 years ago in eastern Anatolia [eastern Turkey] ...” Thomas V. Gamkrelidze and V. V. Ivanov, “ The Early History of Indo-European Languages,” Scientific American, Vol. 262, March 1990, p. 110.
Aramaic is the language of Aram (grandson of Noah, son of Shem) after the Tower of Babel Affair: Genesis10[22] The children of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.
Hebrew is the language of Eber (Eberu-ic / Hebrew), son of Shem, grandson of Noah, after the Tower of Babel Affair. The language and people were named after him: Genesis 10[21] Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the brother of Japheth the elder, even to him were children born.
Celtic (Gaelic - "Kittish") is the language of Kittim after the Tower of Babel Affair: Genesis10[22] [4] And the sons of Javan; Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim.
Sources that provide evidence that all of the languages of man are related or that language cannot have evolved:
J. Oller, “Languages and Genes: Can They Be Built Up through Random Change and Natural Selection?” Psychology and Theology 30 (2002): 26-40.
Steel, A.K., The development of languages is nothing like biological evolution, Journal of Creation 14(2):31-40, 2000.
Cited in: Crowley, T., An Introduction to Historical Linguistics, Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 24, 1992.
Crowley, Ref. 2, pp. 91ff.
Certain languages, like Basque, seem to have little in common with other languages. They are either not classified, or treated as a separate language family
Ruhlen, M., A guide to the World’s Languages, Edward Arnold, London, 1987.
Ruhlen, M., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 95:13994-13996, 1998, as cited in: Wieland, C., Siberian Links for Amerindians, Creation 21(3):9, 1999.
Ruhlen, Ref. 5, pp. 257ff.
Ruhlen, Ref. 5, p. 260.
Ruhlen, Ref. 5, p. 261.
Crowley, Ref. 2, p. 169.
Trask, R.L., Language, the Basics, Routledge, London, p. 18, 1999.
O’Grady, M. and Dobrovolsky, M., Contemporary Linguistics, St. Martin’s Press, New York, p. 10, 1989.
Wieland, C., Towering change, Creation 22(1):22-26, citing p. 26, 1999.
Wieland, Ref. 13, p. 26.
Crowley, Ref. 2, pp. 155f.
Robins, R.H., General Linguistics: An Introductory Survey, Longmans, London, p. 229.
Wieland, C., Siberian links for Amerindians, Creation 21(3):9, 1999.
Crowley, Ref. 2, p. 122.
Crowley, Ref. 2, p. 135.
the bible is not reliable as a source.
@@alexandergalitevstudentfvh8696 lol
I speak cat. Mr. Gabby said, "Go see what I left you on the kitchen floor."
i know it is not a real language but you should make a video on Klingon that would be really interesting
Hi Julie! If you like cats and languages you’ll love the channel Billi Speaks. Billi is a cat that communicate with her human mom by using buttons. She has a vocabulary of over 60 words and creates compound words.
The music in the background remind me that probably music was very influencial in the development of language, in some parts of africa the sounds of the drums was used to comunicate one village to the next, by the way i love the sound on f the balafon
I'm wondering you always have found a beautiful lady for each language 😊.
Dear Julie, you are doing a great work! Thank you!
We have a dog saved from the streets of Romania. The dog usually doesn't react to other people, but one day we encountered a couple speaking Romanian, and the dog went to them and behaved as if he had found something that he knew. Is there any scientific explanation to this?
Amazing Fact: The first spoken word was “Grønk”
It is very interesting what you tell.
You say that you have difficulties in speaking Japanese? Well, I did some Japanese studies. A long time before I did Hungarian studies. I was very much surprized about the totally different structure of this language. But I believe that my Hungarian studies helped me to study Japanese.
You say tha you have difficulties in pronouncing the word "Homo Heidelbergensis". Visit me in Heidelberg, and I will teach you pronouncing this word correctly.
About the history of developping of words: Long time ago I asked a man from egypt about the sound they make when you offer something to someone else. They say: "da". Arabic is a totally different language but some native word even there are the same as in my language. Therefrom the Latin word for "to give" is "dare".
best video ever!! amazing content as always Julie, Saludos desde Chile
One really important concept to survival is the idea of direction. From this comes past , present and future. Then comes, story, organizing and planning. Very fun to think about. I really enjoy your videos. Thank you!
Hi Juli, can you please vreate a video about irish? that'd be awesome :)
Hello Julie. I really like your videos. I love how thorough you try to be, giving a great overview of the particulars of a language.
I don't know if you have already discussed this or whether you discuss it in this video (haven't got time to watch yet), but can I ask whether you might find it interesting to make a video about how national languages came about from the different dialects spoken in particular language regions? I've been wondering about how people try to create homogonous languages when really everyone in a specific region used to speak (still speaks) a different but related dialect.
I hope this question is somewhat intelligible lol
Kudos to you and your team.
Excellent! Thank you for preparing and delivering this fascinating segment.
Reject mother tongue
Embrace Proto-Human uuuoga booouga language
Oog'boong (you're right)
@@sdominik3945 Oog'boonggaa (you're right too)
There is a hypothesis, that it used ALL possible sounds, including click consonants.
I watch your several videos about different languages in the world, and I must admit that your approach on that kind of topic, is very professional.
But what's about slavic languages ?
I don't see anything yet.
I will be very glad if you will find time and space ,to make some video on that topic.
For the end, sorry for my bad english ,it's not my mother tongue .
By the way I'm originally from Serbia, but currently live in Russia .
All the best !
I guess the most important verb in Russian language is : уничтожить.
There is so much dross about, that it is so wonderful to have this Lady educate not only me but hopefully thousands of others. I was brought up in the 60's and we were all told this new medium would be for teaching, informing I was so exited but ... Oh dear we have all this shit about, lowest common denominator syndrome. Thanks so much Julie
Language began by someone asking how language began.
I see language as a very important tool. How is it possible to transmit warning and feelings for survival?
I think it was a Ted Talk, but I heard that geneticists have isolated a gene unique to humans that allows us to narrate long stories, full of symbolic abstractions that others can follow. Supposedly Neanderthal genetics didn’t allow this long oration of abstract symbolic words.
Such a narrative technique allowed our animal groups to adapt the superficial details of a standard story according to environmental variations. This appears to me to be the special quality that allowed humans to dominate almost every environment in the world, as well as understand things through such abstractions.
The mysticism of language in preliterate cultures is founded upon symbolic abstract expressions. Laotzu described it as “The Way that is elucidated is not the authentic Way.” Another poem attributed to him said, “The Great Tao is mysterious and cannot be named. Forced to give it a name, I call it ‘Tao’.” “Forced to give it a name” means communicating abstract symbols. Knowing it’s only a symbol one can use it as a tool. Forgetting it is only a symbol, people attach identity to names, which are abstract identities used as solid truth.
The Bible describes how God made Adam to see Him in order to praise Him. (When you’re God, and are literally “Everything,” how can you NOT be a narcissist?) Therefore, Adam was told to go name things in the Garden. All names were divine manifestations since God was idealized as Everything. Namaste literally means, “I name you,” but the Sanskrit meaning behind namah is “to praise.”
New Testament ideals equated God with “the Word” (logos). Logos is logical presentation of information that results in a symbol for an experiential phenomenon. It is the word that symbolizes the entire analytical process of naming something…just look at Scientists competing to name things. John wrote, “In the beginning was the Word (logos), and the word was with God and the word was God.” These are the 3 steps Lucifer took to be banished from Heaven into the material realm. It also presents the original “fall of the Holy Spirit” as God manifested into the material world. The purity of the ideal of “God” fell from Plato’s “realm of ideals” into the “realm of things,” but the ideal was so idealized that the narrative had to split God into an idealized pure and impure version.
Basically, there is a bunch of mystical contemplation about this phenomenon of language. Words are one thing, shared as you say by other animals. Conversation is also not so unique, as you also detail. The animals trained to mimic human speech had to be taught our symbolic associations in order to do so. This doesn’t mean they don’t have their own “words” for things. Yet, we also have to teach them grammar like associations too. Their capabilities don’t necessarily equate to natural tendencies. Yet, let loose with other apes, do those who learned our way teach others too?
Thank you for taking on this topic.
Examining language is a simple paradox. They were right in 1866. It can be a fun exercise but the answer is so obvious that people race past it. Some things are just simple and there is no calculus nessessary. This is a major blindspot for highly intelligent analytical types.
Such a wonderful and well paced out video ☺️
I'm sure Dolphins communicate with each other linguistically on a much higher level than chimps do.
They're Arabic saying التعلم في الصغر كالنقش على الحجر Learning in childhood is like engraving on stone
Not a patreon yet, but this was the best episode of your channel that I have watched. Kudos for referencing Chomsky, too. I suggest Romani/the language of the Roma people.
Thank you, Julie. Natural sound patterning fascinates me. My son's first sound was mmm and then aaaa; after only ten minutes after birth "said" (vocalized loud) MMMAAAAAA! No wonder that in many languages the word for mother follows this. Nasal Humming mmm is a first human sound?
This is one of your very best vids. Great job!
For me, this topic is one of the most interesting. Thanks for your video.
Funny, I just replied to a comment someone posted elsewhere. This was my reply:
"I do know what complexities are involved in the language-able brain and its aural and phonal peripherals. A lot. First of all, it is a generic-language system: it develops during the first years of infancy to accomodate to the spoken characteristics of the language surrounding people speak: ability to distinguish oral sounds seemingly indiscernible to non-speakers of the language, language grammar (which may vary enormously between languages), vocabulary (also with huge differences), language- and culture-dependent concepts and idioms. Then it also allows for the learning of foreign languages, although far more difficultly. Second: Various brain divisions have evolved whose complexity is far from simple: one is dedicated to distinguish stereotyped sequences of heard sounds such as words, phrases, and sentences, and compose with them a replica of the speaker's ideas and concepts as spoken, including narrative; another area serves to do the opposite process, composing series of sounds from ideas and concepts, by finely controlling very special muscular devices that vary the physical tension on the vocal chords, on the larynx, on the lungs, on the glottis, on different parts of the tongue, cheeks and lips, all at once and very rapidly as well as according to the language's grammar; and what is said or heard is kept in a special short-term memory brain subsystem for its immediate consideration and for its re-evaluation, for a period that varies between 30 seconds and two minutes, during which much of what is said or heard is stored permanently in a long-term memory system. Third: The rest of the brain is connected to those areas and controls them or is partially controlled by them, e.g., obeying commands or reacting with appropriate emotions, in a very complex way involving concepts' attributes, relationships, and interdependencies, apart from more subtle relations that the speaker creates on-the-fly and the listener is supposed to extract, such as irony, sarcasm, rhyme, rhythm, double-sense, or humour.
"This all cannot happen by chance in just a lucky set of independent mutations from a species to its evolutionary descendant. It must have evolved across a long lineage. And it cannot have been dormant for several generations or successive species: it must have been practised and used, for its benefits are enormous in what respects to survival, and a great lot of individuals must have been selected out naturally for such a complex system to dominate, many more than those selected in."
2:24 _"different alarm calls for different types of danger"_
Because they elicit different responses. With a lion, you can climb a tree. With a bird of prey, you can hide below a bush. With a snake, you can run.
Vervets can't run from lions, because lions can run faster. Vervets can't climb trees from snakes, because snakes can ramp up along the stem. And either response would just make them more visible to birds of prey, while the ducking under a bush would be as inaedquate to lions and snakes.
Illustrates the point I just made : an animal communication conveys a full meaning at one go, no subdivisions. It is also pragmatic, not notional. The alarm signals don't incorporate different notions about lions, birds of prey or snakes, they are different pragmatic signals.
So, vervets are not "precursors of notional meaning" ...
2:48 Call for apples different from call for jackfruits ... I'm impressed, didn't think chimps would have that much distinctions, but OK, not too impressed, you eat apples and jackfruits in different ways, so it is pragmatic.
Excellent video! By the way, Heidelberg is a town in Germany. The second vowel would be pronounced rather than the first ("hi" not "hey").
I bet you'd think :Russel-Jay: Gould- is interesting. He syntaxes grammar. For true meaning via root words. 🙏❤️ Great video. Thank you!
my dog is very skillful and polite when he disturbed me at night ie
his barks on low pitch.