This demo shows that N2 has three states, it does explain why it turns from L -> G when pressure is lower. but it doesn't explain the solid appear and melting. That's due to heat (absorb or release) from phase changes.
100% of all liquid nitrogen splash burns are caused by gloves or clothing. The human body is too hot for raw liquid nitrogen to damage from splashing. It immediately forms a vapor barrier that protects you, called the leidenfrost effect. #TheMoreYouKnow
+Richard Smith Well, if enough was poured on you you could have your skin cooled to frostbite levels, but you are right that when soaked into clothing the potential for burns is drastically increased.
Siege Perilous Notice I said splash. When pouring from a vessel, gloves are really only needed to stave off the frostbite from the cold container. It is not to protect from splashes. It is perfectly safe to have liquid nitrogen splashed on your bare skin, but it is not safe to have liquid nitrogen splash on clothing. All of the burns I have seen have been from gloves, or from getting 'glued' to a vessel containing the liquid nitrogen. The first is caused by having gloves, the second is caused by not having gloves, plus wet hands. :)
Richard Smith Yeah I had some liquid something shoot on to my hand from a whipped cream charger, lol. Yeah my reply was superfluous, that happens when I drink and shitpost.
+Richard Smith 99% of them i had a feriend poor a stream of it on my hand and for whatever reason i didn't react got a small burn after about 7 seconds.
I think it is worth mentioning (and it is also something missing from the video) that by reducing the air pressure, phase point starts to move down (less atm) AND also move left (less temperature) in the phase diagram. This is because total energy need to be preserved, and when liquid vaporizes, energy is taken away by gas nitrogen, thus making the rest liquid cooler.
he is right though... liquid nitrogen cannot freeze your hands because of the Leidenfrost effect. it just wont stay on your skin at all, it will simply bounce off. but if it soaks your gloves, it can easily freeze your hand pretty bad. and you really dont want frostbites, believe me...
That's fascinating. I always thought you had to apply more pressure. I never realized that the hotter particles would leave and reduce the overall temperature of the liquid.
I'm but a simple man. I see Americans using metric units in press the like button. EDIT: (Oh my word, never got this many likes in my life, i feel i belong now. Thank you guys.)
@@harrybrohan4602 Both are scientifically correct. The only difference is that one is more simple to convert into the other forms of its own measurements.
liquids that sublime evaporate on touch with your hand so that the cold liquid becomes gas and expands to create a safety around your hand, if it soaks into your glove on the other hand, that is when it actually really contacts ur hand
Because actually gloves are _not_ as good as you might think. The natural heat of your body (keep in mind your body is 311 K [amortized and assuming you don't have a fever] and the LN2 is only 77 K. Your body looks like an oven to it) vaporizes small drops very fast and moreover this vapor repels them from the skin so that heat does not efficiently transfer and moreover they can slide off more easily, and as a result there is not enough time or heat transfer to cause frostbite. However, if you have gloves in place then a spill into the gloves, coming between the glove and skin, will actually be much more injurious as the glove will then act to trap the drops against the skin, thus maximizing the heat conduction and then they _will_ cause frostbite. Not a good idea to use gloves! Gloves are better for handling things like dry ice which are solids, not liquid cryogens like LN2.
Gloves are a known double-edged sword for us lab dwellers, it's nice to have a barrier keeping things from touching your hands, it's not nice when that barrier melts or freezes on you.
@@maracachucho8701 also the machine shop...lathes love gloves, they will happily catch a fibre on the tip of the glove and rip your entire arm off. There's a rather gruesome reddit thread floating about that chronicles a guys experience with this. It has a happy ending afaik, surgeons are very skilled these days apparently.
I think something that wasn't stressed enough in the video (only mentioned very briefly at the beginning), was why the temperature of the nitrogen drops. Pressure only significantly affects boiling point of a liquid, so lowering the pressure in and of itself won't solidify the nitrogen, the temperature of the nitrogen also has to drop for it to reach its triple point. The guy in the video describes the nitrogen as 'creeping along the line,' but if you're reducing pressure alone and the temperature's not changing, then your position on the phase diagram just moves vertically down. So why do you move to the left as well? The reason is that boiling the nitrogen reduces it's temperature. If you put alcohol on your skin it gets very cold, or if you've got a wet patch of skin, then the wet patch will feel cold (especially in the wind). This is because in the process of evaporation, the molecules leaving the liquid and turning in gaseous molecules take kinetic energy with them. The energy each molecule takes is greater than the average kinetic of a molecule in the liquid (gaseous molecules have to move faster than liquid molecules in order to be gases) and so the average kinetic energy of the liquid's molecules drops. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance's molecules, and so the temperature has decreased. Boiling the nitrogen under reduced pressure makes the amount of energy it loses due to evaporation greater than the energy it takes in from its surroundings, and so its temperature drops.
@@deathball2331 yes they ignore edge of fluid issue. PROPELLERS can boil water by causing vacuum tearing of liquid bonding forces which pits them but that is not why they are obsolete.
Folks, let's be clear about this - he was directly reducing PRESSURE, not Temperature. That makes the Nitrogen Boil, more easily, and the boiling, like evaporating water, cools off the remaining Nitrogen (on the surface) because the more energetic molecules leave the liquid. The effect is called evaporative cooling - it's why sweating works to cool you. ►If he were able to ADD PRESSURE, he would have driven ALL the Nitrogen to the Triple point - in which case the entire mass would have turned solid.
+Matt McLane IIRC, absolute zero can never happen in our universe anywhere, because that is only possible when absolutely no matter exists. So I'd say this video was cool enough. :P
+RedHairdo Theoretically you cannot achieve it but you are able to come so close to "absolute zero" in an artificial environment that it would be legit to call it that way. The coldest spots in the universe actually exist here on earth.
I found this completely useful for my line of work... I'm a lawyer and live in Malibu CA. I'm so glad colleges require these classes. It's not like I could have been doing something else with the time I spend in class anyway... even though my print shop probably would have made more money with me there on fridays - sundays, the science class was probably a better thing for me anyway...
+Ebenezer Scrooge we get it... college is a waste of money for the majority of people. although this stuff is still cool, 90% of the users actually watching this video probably won't use this in real life.
So awesome to be able to witness a pure element at its triple point. This was the first (most likely the last) time I'll ever get to see something like this. Because an element at its triple point doesn't happen very often!
I have to study states of matter in school and always found the description of being 2 states at the same time to be really vague. Cool to actually see what it looks like and not just a graph.
Stable!!! NOT shown. Ice cubes in water in a double walled flask ARE stable. The volume allows no further melting unless heat gets in. So that means that hydrogen in solid form is stable at atmospheric pressure to the extent it can be protected from heat ie not Cool thru package! So that means supporting it in magnetically levitated container in high vacuum thermos or othewise appropriate dewer?
I am in market for a freezer to crystalize air do the new solid state chips operate efficiently in series to do so? Is that HOW the nitrogen liquifier works? These solid oxygen or nitrogen pellets are heat vacuum materials unlike those experienced ROUTINELY and need massproduction efficiently but clearly are threat to fossil fuel industry so HAVE been overlooked tragically.
Got 2 questions. 1). N2 exists as liquid at temperature of - 197 degree Centigrade. If so how did you pour liquid nitrogen into the glass beaker from the thermoflask ? I mean , the thermoflask keeps the nitrogen at a lower temperature but the glass beaker, being at room temperature should have evaporated all the nitrogen as soon as u pour them. 2). Decreasing the pressure , will lower the boiling point of the liquid . This means that , decreasing the pressure would cause nitrogen to evaporate at a temperature lower than it's normal boiling point. But here it turns solid. Thanks in advance and please correct me if I'm wrong at any point.
+deepdarkmidnight DDM They did, except that chart they used kind of sucked since most people don't really talk about a vacuum in terms of atmospheric units. The chart was more to do with the triple point of where it exists in dual states at roughly 25 inches of a vacuum, or 2 pounds absolute.
I don't know about you, but where I live every high school student knows how to convert atmospheres into bars into pascals, it's pretty much considered rudimentary knowledge. And pressure-temperature diagram is exactly what this is. I also don't think it makes sense to use torrs as your unit of measurement, since they are considered outdated and aren't part of the SI system at all, and since the video is obviously aimed at an audience with a very basic knowledge of chemistry, introducing a force which is defined in it's relation to mm of Hg is needlessly complicated.
+TheNumberOne Page Same. The internet can give you a free college education, except you only have to learn what you want to learn and most people just use it for porn and talking shit. Getting my bachelor's degree in E-Commerce and Web Design was the easiest two years of my life because I learned how to do literally everything they taught on TH-cam when I was in high school... Still needed that damn piece of paper though or no one will hire you.
The solid nitrogen is forming a vapor lock over the liquid nitrogen, creating a weak gas seal over the liquid that is still evaporating. It's not oscillating between the two phases, the solid simply gets ejected then melts over the warmer base of the container.
For who thinks this is not Physics/Thermodynamics, you are very ignorant. Thermodynamics is a subsidiary of Physics, thermodynamics just specifically deals with heat and energy (which as you know is physics).
+blazednlovinit I don't know, I put my opinion out there its there for them to read and accept, if they don't them nothing I can do could help them from where I am.
It's actually safer to handle liquid nitrogen without mitts. The Leidenfrost effect will protect you for a couple seconds if liquid nitrogen splashes on your bare skin, but if the fibers of the mitt hold it against you you'll get frostbite almost instantly.
This is not Chemistry, this is Physics. I don't mind but it says in the description that it is part of Teaching Chemistry Video Series as a training for Chemistry teachers. It is for physics teachers. And I would be amazed if any one physicist would be amazed by this. Teacher or not :-)
nitrogen is a very dry air, very clean, wont harm the vacume pump...and yes this happens with all gases, just at different pressures.....oxygen is -296 f....nitrogen is -453f.....argon is -308f....helium is the coldest gas at -465f...hydrogen is the 2nd coldest.....I work in the industry...its pretty cool shit.....dry ice(co2) is the hottest at -144f
wait im confused?! so u can make nitrogen freeze in a vakuum and u can make water boil in a vakuum? isnt that kinda the opposite? why does one freeze and the other boil / turn into gas?
"Igor get me the Liquid Nitrogen..." "Yes professor....." "Now I pour the liquid nitrogen into the cup and reduce the pressure..YES ITS ALIVE ITS ALIVE ITS ALIVEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE."
It's so dumb when people say liquid nitrogen is one of the coldest things. It's relatively warmer than other things I their liquid state like Oxygen or Helium.
+BLUEDRAGONFLY you can use liquid nitrogen to condense oxygen gas to form liquid oxygen. its possible since it has a lower boiling point so practically liquid nitrogen would be colder than liquid oxygen. Any nitrogen which reaches the boiling point is boiled away, and since oxygen boiling point is higher, any liquid oxygen you have left is of higher temperature than the liquid nitrogen.
+BLUEDRAGONFLY How would oxygen with a pair in its p orbitals and a double bonded diatomic structure have a lower boiling point than nitrogen which has no pairs in its p orbitals and a triple bond diatomic structure?
evilro3345 yep, and the higher freezing point, now imagine the celsius line as a line stretching from -273 all the way t0 infinity, -34 plus 3 =-31, which is warmer, thus needing a less cold room to freeze stuff. hope i helped. :)
+evilro3345 Don't feel bad about being confused. They did not explain the idea that adding pressure creates heat and reducing pressure removes heat very clearly. The temperature change is on the chart but they only very briefly mentioned it.
+evilro3345 +Charles Badstones Look up "heat of vaporization". It is the difference in kinetic energy between vapor and liquid at a constant temperature. It is the amount of energy that will be extracted from the liquid (making it cooler) when it is vaporized, which in this case is induced by lowering the pressure (and thus increasing the boiling temperature). The transition of liquid nitrogen to nitrogen gas extracts that energy from the liquid making it cooler and cooler, until it reaches its own freezing temperature. Same thing can be done with water (bunch of YT videos showing freezing of water at room temperature with vaccuum). It's also why if you wet your finger with water of almost any temperature and blow on it (inducing vaporization), it will feel cooler. The energy is extracted from the water still in contact with your skin. The reverse (converting vapor into liquid) puts the same amount of energy back into the liquid. This is why steam can burn you so fast. It's effectively boiling temp of water + heat of vaporization.
Part of the fun of these videos is seeing all the interesting comments and debates therein. A lot of them I don't understand at all, yet extremely fascinating:)
When dealing with a cold liquid such a liquid nitrogen, it is best that you do not use gloves. If you do and spill it, then the liquid will be adsorbed into the gloves creating prolonged contact, which is very bad. When you don't wear gloves and it spills, what happens is that because the boiling point is so low, that it boils and creates a small cushion holding up the majority of the liquid preventing dangerous contact. That effect is called the Leindenfrost effect
***** What? I doubt the jar was that cold when he took it off... same for the container. i saw no moisture on either of them meaning they were enot cold. Still he's an idiot for wearing gloves.
+Ryleigh S well people can read your comments you might want to be carefull what you say it could go virow on how the finger past ment stations was just a stop and go Just passing by so get over it
I know it sounded wrong, but when an element reaches it's triple point, it exists as all three states of matter. Therefore it isn't technically wrong to say that
Looks like when it "burps" liquid hits the plate and likely vaporizes faster (more surface area exposed to open air and presumably warmer surface) which increases pressure and the vacuum pump has to catch up again. I believe that is the "oscillation".
CoroPixel Im an engineer. Just google pressure measurements. It can be in psi, atm, bar, pascals. torr. Have you even passed A Level physics. Fucking dickweed. if your going to be a smartarse, at least be correct about it.
It has already been applied in a basic sense by automotive performance enthusiasts. Not only through the induction of oxidizers into the intake manifold but also as a freezing agent on intercoolers to bring colder, denser air into the intake to improve combustion efficiency.
Reminds me of sky ice from the Antarctic ice wall. That sky blue color we see above us, probably a reflection of the sky ice firmament above us that contains our atmosphere. The higher up you go the colder it gets.
boiling isnt so much temp related as its just "air that appears out of a liquid" it can boil while hot or cold if you think of it that way. So if you lower the pressure its trying to pull the air from the liquid itself so it in effect boils. though changing the temp of a liquid can make it so that the air in that liquid is easier able to escape into the atmosphere. when its hot enough.
Jessie Janson actually I need to clear up that misconception, whilst you are correct in assuming that oxygen and any other gas in a liquid becomes less soluble as temperature increases, boiling is actually defined as the point where the liquid becomes a gas and forms bubbles which have enough pressure to counteract atmospheric pressure and thus rise to the surface of the liquid.
I don't know why he wears thermal gloves while pouring liquid nitrogen from a Dewar flask. The outside is not cold, that's the point of a Dewar flask. Now one can bring up "well he wears it in case he spills some on his hand". Well, I can tell you from experience that cryo gloves are the worst thing to be wearing when your hand contacts liquid nitrogen because it will soak in and stay there and burn your skin. Counter intuitively bare hands are safer thanks to the Leidenfrost effect causing the liquid nitrogen to roll off the hand on a thin layer of nitrogen vapor without ever contacting your skin.
Gweedo Murray Tell that to my work. All they have is porous cryo gloves. Snow gloves work better for me. But CalOSHA is very clear on what to wear while handling cryogenic fluids, ALL fluids. Even though liquid nitrogen is unique their rules are one size fits all.
poor Jeff. Looks like he was trying to do something really cool and felt like Mike "took over" his demonstration. It begins with the crack about Jeff being a "cool teacher" which accessed low-self esteem issues, which Jeff perceives as teasing instead of just running with it in good spirits. Then things escalate as Mike "trumps" his explanation of the phenomenon, by explaining about the loss of kinetic particles through the vacuum pumping - it becomes clear that Mike has done this demonstration before and is very knowledgable about it. Again this plays into Jeff feeling inadequate somehow. Next the nitrogen actually solidifies and Jeff proudly and excitedly announces it to the class. After it bursts Jeff emphasizes the fact that it didn't stabilize by asking what happened to it, claiming that he missed it (which is unlikely). Jeff feels like he's beginning to lose control of the demonstration and asks Mike to continue at the board. Mike maybe realizes he's said too much, but in any case, he tells Jeff to "go ahead" and do the board explanation, which Jeff perceives as Mike telling him what to do even though Mike is just supposed to be assisting. This plays into Jeff's core issues about feeling dominated, overshadowed, or like his autonomy has been taken away. jeff goes to the board, because he doesn't want to create an argument or because he feels like he's been handed back control of his demonstration. Mike again talks about having done the demonstration before, and how he had cooler results with the stacked layers of solid and liquid nitrogen - again taking Jeff further away from his goal of showing his students something cool/ being liked; continues to feel like Mike is stealing the spotlight. Mike also talks about the poor selection of container and that he would have chosen something else - presumably his help was sought out for setting the demonstration up - had he set up Jeff for failure? the climax comes when Mike does finally take complete control over poor Jeff's demonstration when the cool moment finally happens and the nitrogen solidifies. Mike wants to show the students how the air being put back into the container makes the nitrogen liquify again, and not only does he order Jeff to take the pump off, as if Jeff is his assistant, he uses a tense tone and impatient tone of voice when Jeff doesn't let the air in as Mike talks about letting the air in. The damage done, and the demonstration "ruined" Mike fades into the background, leaving Jeff in the spotlight to take credit for how uncool he feels at the end. Either Mike is completely clueless or a complete douche bag.
![[TH] 2024 PMSL SEA W2D1 | Fall | ต่อเนื่อง ในสัปดาห์สอง](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/ElcO9uC_Dbk/mqdefault.jpg)
"And now it will melt...slowly.."
*melts quickly*
Pl
Ol
+RVGENomini Time is relative.
JolietJake64 Your face is relative.
lol the joke gets better!
He said very very slowly as well lol
1:23 when you really need an extra credit assignment
This demo shows that N2 has three states, it does explain why it turns from L -> G when pressure is lower. but it doesn't explain the solid appear and melting. That's due to heat (absorb or release) from phase changes.
Dude what on earth... I didn't know you were into chem!
😂
Actually, as long as he doesn't touch the plate beneath, he should be safe.
@@moisesalejandro2826 nice try but everybody knows it's a website with malware.
Nitrogen can indeed exist in many states - I've found it in Illinois, New York, California, Florida, and even in MAINE!
Ba dum tss
Crickets chirp
I bet Ohio doesn't have it
Spain confirmed too
Don't punish us.
Did anyone think after seeing the original thumbnail that nitrogen was blue as a solid?
Muzik Bike - Geometry Dash and stuff me
Muzik Bike - Geometry Dash and stuff I didn't look straight at it so the first thing I thought it was
was a crystal shape lol
Yeah me
me too, that's why I watched
WOHECK IT'S A MUZICBIKE
"You're a cool teacher."
"Thank you!"
William Sebastian mhmm, thats what they said...
William Sebastian I laughed when he said that. What a suckass
Malachi Owens it was a pun...
Malachi Owens A pun and a fellow professor.
+William Sebastian *laughing in background*
6:48
"...melting very very slowly" *melts instantly*
Hulu Manava
Dumbass
toes
very cool to see solid nitrogen
How To Make Sushi what are u doin here 😂😂😂
Yeah, Pluto looks pretty great. Too bad it hasn’t been a planet for 12 years.
Very 'cool' indeed
Literally cool
How to make solid nitrogen
"you're a cool teacher"
*one distant laugh*
LOL.
100% of all liquid nitrogen splash burns are caused by gloves or clothing. The human body is too hot for raw liquid nitrogen to damage from splashing. It immediately forms a vapor barrier that protects you, called the leidenfrost effect.
#TheMoreYouKnow
+Richard Smith Well, if enough was poured on you you could have your skin cooled to frostbite levels, but you are right that when soaked into clothing the potential for burns is drastically increased.
Siege Perilous Notice I said splash. When pouring from a vessel, gloves are really only needed to stave off the frostbite from the cold container. It is not to protect from splashes. It is perfectly safe to have liquid nitrogen splashed on your bare skin, but it is not safe to have liquid nitrogen splash on clothing. All of the burns I have seen have been from gloves, or from getting 'glued' to a vessel containing the liquid nitrogen. The first is caused by having gloves, the second is caused by not having gloves, plus wet hands. :)
Richard Smith Yeah I had some liquid something shoot on to my hand from a whipped cream charger, lol. Yeah my reply was superfluous, that happens when I drink and shitpost.
+Richard Smith 99% of them i had a feriend poor a stream of it on my hand and for whatever reason i didn't react got a small burn after about 7 seconds.
Flyingvoxel nolond LOL at that point, would you really call it a splash?
4:25 Look at this graaaaph
+Apprentice Doge Nitrogen is typically a gaaaas.
+TheDevillChaser lol you trolls
every time i see it it makes me laugh
+Luis Silva how did our eyes get so red?
I had to rewind. Thank you, very Forrest Gump-like.
"wow, liquid nitrogen is pretty cold"
Solid Nitrogen: "Hold my frozen beverage"
I think it is worth mentioning (and it is also something missing from the video) that by reducing the air pressure, phase point starts to move down (less atm) AND also move left (less temperature) in the phase diagram. This is because total energy need to be preserved, and when liquid vaporizes, energy is taken away by gas nitrogen, thus making the rest liquid cooler.
These are some really COOL dudes!
never thought that i'd ever see solid nitrogen, this is a good day to me
Amy P stfu, praying for likes..
But Amy make it better learn to print it!
74years old and you learn something every day.Thanks Chaps,Colin
You know it's actually more dangerous to be using cloth gloves because the nitrogen could freeze the glove to your hand
+sMikael94 not sure if using a outdated meme or just ignorant.
***** eewwww that's disgusting
he is right though... liquid nitrogen cannot freeze your hands because of the Leidenfrost effect. it just wont stay on your skin at all, it will simply bounce off.
but if it soaks your gloves, it can easily freeze your hand pretty bad. and you really dont want frostbites, believe me...
+Daniel Burroughs it's not disgusting at all
+M&M productions DOM AND KABE we are going to die!!!!!!
oh its seem that we survived
That's fascinating. I always thought you had to apply more pressure. I never realized that the hotter particles would leave and reduce the overall temperature of the liquid.
im suprised the cup didnt break from thermal shock
thats why they cooled it down with the cold air in this nitrogen bottle thing ^^
I'm but a simple man. I see Americans using metric units in press the like button.
EDIT: (Oh my word, never got this many likes in my life, i feel i belong now. Thank you guys.)
Harry Bröhan how is metric more correct? Customary and metric are both accurate
rob moore imperial isn’t finished
A TH-cam Commenter care to elaborate?
@@harrybrohan4602 Both are scientifically correct. The only difference is that one is more simple to convert into the other forms of its own measurements.
Metric system is actually simpler than imperial units. It also has modern, culture-neutral definitions.
being a chemist for my whole life, and this is the first time to see solid nitrogen, this is pretty cool!
"I'm going to turn off the pump"
*_makes Jeff do it_*
> Solid Nitrogen was Blue
> It melts quickly
> He's a good teacher
Basically i summed everything
You forgot the little greaaph :D
"Its somewhere abt 190 something below zero celcius"
Me, a non american: yes he said it! He said the thing!
In case you didn't know, in chemistry you measure in celcius.
@@tedtot9493 most of the times in real physics or physical chemistry problems you measure temperature in Kelvins.
@@tedtot9493 every sane person in the world uses Celsius. That is, everyone except 'Murica
lol
@@alteskonto1145 US is not the only country using imperial
i just understood why his student called him a cool teacher while he was pouring in the nitrogen into the cup....
I just understood too, thanks to you haha :D
I love the safety. Teacher has gloves, yet his assistant exposes his hands to direct splashes naked when filling the beaker!
Wearing gloves is more dangerous in this experiment
liquids that sublime evaporate on touch with your hand so that the cold liquid becomes gas and expands to create a safety around your hand, if it soaks into your glove on the other hand, that is when it actually really contacts ur hand
Because actually gloves are _not_ as good as you might think. The natural heat of your body (keep in mind your body is 311 K [amortized and assuming you don't have a fever] and the LN2 is only 77 K. Your body looks like an oven to it) vaporizes small drops very fast and moreover this vapor repels them from the skin so that heat does not efficiently transfer and moreover they can slide off more easily, and as a result there is not enough time or heat transfer to cause frostbite. However, if you have gloves in place then a spill into the gloves, coming between the glove and skin, will actually be much more injurious as the glove will then act to trap the drops against the skin, thus maximizing the heat conduction and then they _will_ cause frostbite. Not a good idea to use gloves! Gloves are better for handling things like dry ice which are solids, not liquid cryogens like LN2.
Gloves are a known double-edged sword for us lab dwellers, it's nice to have a barrier keeping things from touching your hands, it's not nice when that barrier melts or freezes on you.
@@maracachucho8701 also the machine shop...lathes love gloves, they will happily catch a fibre on the tip of the glove and rip your entire arm off. There's a rather gruesome reddit thread floating about that chronicles a guys experience with this. It has a happy ending afaik, surgeons are very skilled these days apparently.
Thank you. Most interesting demonstration of the triple point that I've seen. Very well done.
Operating liquid nitrogen and glass under pressure
Bare hands
Flynn: the safer source of science
Graciously simplified for the variety of gym instructors teaching basic chem.
I think something that wasn't stressed enough in the video (only mentioned very briefly at the beginning), was why the temperature of the nitrogen drops. Pressure only significantly affects boiling point of a liquid, so lowering the pressure in and of itself won't solidify the nitrogen, the temperature of the nitrogen also has to drop for it to reach its triple point. The guy in the video describes the nitrogen as 'creeping along the line,' but if you're reducing pressure alone and the temperature's not changing, then your position on the phase diagram just moves vertically down. So why do you move to the left as well?
The reason is that boiling the nitrogen reduces it's temperature. If you put alcohol on your skin it gets very cold, or if you've got a wet patch of skin, then the wet patch will feel cold (especially in the wind). This is because in the process of evaporation, the molecules leaving the liquid and turning in gaseous molecules take kinetic energy with them. The energy each molecule takes is greater than the average kinetic of a molecule in the liquid (gaseous molecules have to move faster than liquid molecules in order to be gases) and so the average kinetic energy of the liquid's molecules drops. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance's molecules, and so the temperature has decreased. Boiling the nitrogen under reduced pressure makes the amount of energy it loses due to evaporation greater than the energy it takes in from its surroundings, and so its temperature drops.
Jeremy Stanger he said that the higher average KE molecules are leaving, decreasing the temperature
@@deathball2331 yes they ignore edge of fluid issue. PROPELLERS can boil water by causing vacuum tearing of liquid bonding forces which pits them but that is not why they are obsolete.
Wait, scientists just want to play with stuff too?
basically, they play with stuff and record what happens.
+incubusman421 no, they dont
Diet Dr. Bleach yea, i think they do
catmanelias yes they do! I know many professors who like to play with things already know.
hilarious that they really wanted to see the solid bit XD
One of my students did this on a high vacuum line in our laboratory.
Your demonstration is much better of course. Thank you.
Doc Martin
Folks, let's be clear about this - he was directly reducing PRESSURE, not Temperature. That makes the Nitrogen Boil, more easily, and the boiling, like evaporating water, cools off the remaining Nitrogen (on the surface) because the more energetic molecules leave the liquid. The effect is called evaporative cooling - it's why sweating works to cool you.
►If he were able to ADD PRESSURE, he would have driven ALL the Nitrogen to the Triple point - in which case the entire mass would have turned solid.
Nitrogen gas us always a gas. Nitrogen, on the other hand...
+Fred Pilcher N2 nice just N not so much.
+David Hughes he meant that Nitrogen GAS is always a GAS
+Mykola Zekter glad someone got it..
+Fred Pilcher It's very hard to source nitrogen gas in a liquid state... Liquid nitrogen is easy to find, at least.
@@Zizzily :
How is liquid nitrogen easy to find?
How did I get here from watching Halo videos?
***** obviously you wanted something cool... and you got it.
+Matt McLane IIRC, absolute zero can never happen in our universe anywhere, because that is only possible when absolutely no matter exists.
So I'd say this video was cool enough. :P
+Vapour3on halo. amazing game
+RedHairdo
Theoretically you cannot achieve it but you are able to come so close to "absolute zero" in an artificial environment that it would be legit to call it that way.
The coldest spots in the universe actually exist here on earth.
+Saljon unless life elsewhere has also done it. but yes.
I found this completely useful for my line of work... I'm a lawyer and live in Malibu CA. I'm so glad colleges require these classes. It's not like I could have been doing something else with the time I spend in class anyway... even though my print shop probably would have made more money with me there on fridays - sundays, the science class was probably a better thing for me anyway...
+Ebenezer Scrooge we get it... college is a waste of money for the majority of people. although this stuff is still cool, 90% of the users actually watching this video probably won't use this in real life.
+Kavya I finally understand what my friends ment when they told me to cool it.
+Kavya Not even that, it's because college isn't the best way to learn the stuff.
+Ebenezer Scrooge Bah humbug. Its important to be an informed citizen.
We've came here from different corners of the Internet, united we stand with science!
Does EVERY school have that Proper Lab attire poster?
That is cool!
Literally
+Chrawesome hahahaha
Yeah, so is grammar.
Icy what you did there.
nICE pun...
That's what I call passion for teaching. Thanks.
So awesome to be able to witness a pure element at its triple point. This was the first (most likely the last) time I'll ever get to see something like this. Because an element at its triple point doesn't happen very often!
Awesome educational video & demo. Well done guys!
tried skip to the part that it went solid and just missing it by a second and having to watch the whole video again
Ir R vit ln DPF
GOT IT Ir!
You can tell it's solid nitrogen because of the way it is! How neat is that!!!
I have to study states of matter in school and always found the description of being 2 states at the same time to be really vague. Cool to actually see what it looks like and not just a graph.
Stable!!! NOT shown. Ice cubes in water in a double walled flask ARE stable. The volume allows no further melting unless heat gets in. So that means that hydrogen in solid form is stable at atmospheric pressure to the extent it can be protected from heat ie not Cool thru package! So that means supporting it in magnetically levitated container in high vacuum thermos or othewise appropriate dewer?
"we're going to take a look at Nitrogen gas in the liquid state" isn't that a bit of an oxymoron? lol
+PraiseTheSun20 NO
No it's a nitromoron
SuperRaids13
*ba dum tisss*
+PraiseTheSun20
Actually, it is called 'pleonasm' (one of the few I really remember from school... I allways knew it would be usefull some day ;)
paradox*
My science classes consisted of reading some book and answering a questionary... good times.
I think TH-cam wanted me to see that incomplete periodic table in 2012 !! Feeling so smart 😁😁.
So much discovered in 8 yrs!!!
Good video. The people who were part in the making of this deserve great merit. Congratulations!
Awesome video. I've always loved physics but sucked at chemistry, so this was super educational and amazing.
Why did you use a colored cup, I want to see the N ice easily. if the whole thing froze that is.
Kenny Carter a
I am in market for a freezer to crystalize air do the new solid state chips operate efficiently in series to do so? Is that HOW the nitrogen liquifier works? These solid oxygen or nitrogen pellets are heat vacuum materials unlike those experienced ROUTINELY and need massproduction efficiently but clearly are threat to fossil fuel industry so HAVE been overlooked tragically.
Got 2 questions.
1). N2 exists as liquid at temperature of - 197 degree Centigrade. If so how did you pour liquid nitrogen into the glass beaker from the thermoflask ? I mean , the thermoflask keeps the nitrogen at a lower temperature but the glass beaker, being at room temperature should have evaporated all the nitrogen as soon as u pour them.
2). Decreasing the pressure , will lower the boiling point of the liquid . This means that , decreasing the pressure would cause nitrogen to evaporate at a temperature lower than it's normal boiling point. But here it turns solid.
Thanks in advance and please correct me if I'm wrong at any point.
0:19 Yes, especially in the US.
It would have been more illustrative to use a pressure-temperature phase diagram since in the experiment, pressure is the variable you're controlling.
+deepdarkmidnight DDM They did, except that chart they used kind of sucked since most people don't really talk about a vacuum in terms of atmospheric units. The chart was more to do with the triple point of where it exists in dual states at roughly 25 inches of a vacuum, or 2 pounds absolute.
I thought is was a great demonstration - lots to see on my channel as well
I don't know about you, but where I live every high school student knows how to convert atmospheres into bars into pascals, it's pretty much considered rudimentary knowledge. And pressure-temperature diagram is exactly what this is. I also don't think it makes sense to use torrs as your unit of measurement, since they are considered outdated and aren't part of the SI system at all, and since the video is obviously aimed at an audience with a very basic knowledge of chemistry, introducing a force which is defined in it's relation to mm of Hg is needlessly complicated.
Deepdarkmidnight D.D.M. Wwwwwww
Deepdarkmidnight D.D.M. that's why you're a scientist and he's not 😂
Why go to school when you have these videos
Because you are not watching these all day and you can't ask the guy in the video if you didn't understood somethin
+TheNumberOne Page Same. The internet can give you a free college education, except you only have to learn what you want to learn and most people just use it for porn and talking shit. Getting my bachelor's degree in E-Commerce and Web Design was the easiest two years of my life because I learned how to do literally everything they taught on TH-cam when I was in high school... Still needed that damn piece of paper though or no one will hire you.
So you can get to enjoy doing homework
So people can teach you what to think instead of how to think.
Whitefright to get that piece of paper in the end
Wonderful video! This makes the idea of phase diagrams much more clear to me.
The solid nitrogen is forming a vapor lock over the liquid nitrogen, creating a weak gas seal over the liquid that is still evaporating. It's not oscillating between the two phases, the solid simply gets ejected then melts over the warmer base of the container.
For who thinks this is not Physics/Thermodynamics, you are very ignorant. Thermodynamics is a subsidiary of Physics, thermodynamics just specifically deals with heat and energy (which as you know is physics).
Adam Hosein See Oil Spill Freeze Salvage. Is this physical chemistry or thermodynamics? Bullshit, magic or a waste of good CO2?
Knowledge is knowledge whether you call it physics or chemistry, whats the big deal?
+Adam Hosein Who's even saying that? Why didn't you reply to them?
+blazednlovinit I don't know, I put my opinion out there its there for them to read and accept, if they don't them nothing I can do could help them from where I am.
Adam Hosein Just seems super random xD
I mean you're not wrong
1:23 "youre a cool teacher mr.(couldnt hear)" xd
its so so cool that there are planets out there with nitrogen oceans and stuff like that
First time I've seen a demonstration with solid nitrogen! Pretty interesting that it can be formed at room temp (although at a low pressure).
"Nitrogen can exist in many other states". Many?! I guess things have changed since I studied physics.
+Tom Burke Depends what 'many' is to you.
ungratefulmetalpansy No idea, I'd need to know an objective amount xD
+Tom Burke There are four states as far as I know (solid, liquid, gas and plasma)
+razaelll Supercritical fluid?
Currently I exist as a liquid, a solid, and a gas.
cats
Here because I saw this in a Roman Atwood vlog and wanted to know why it does it. This is really cool, really helped explain it!
It's actually safer to handle liquid nitrogen without mitts. The Leidenfrost effect will protect you for a couple seconds if liquid nitrogen splashes on your bare skin, but if the fibers of the mitt hold it against you you'll get frostbite almost instantly.
Jeff: "Do you want to go over the graph, Mike?"
Mike: "Go ahead."
Jeff: (Unamused).
That is actually so cool
This is not Chemistry, this is Physics. I don't mind but it says in the description that it is part of Teaching Chemistry Video Series as a training for Chemistry teachers. It is for physics teachers. And I would be amazed if any one physicist would be amazed by this. Teacher or not :-)
Well, thank you mister. I liked the way you explained because it seemed very simple to understand. Good experiment.
would it count as copyright if I use this demonstration in my science class?
No - that's what these demos are here for - just make sure to be safe!
Braeden Bonds What grade you teach?
+Ol' Snake I don't teach. I just wanna give a presentation to my class so they can watch something really cool for a change
+FlinnScientific Thank you!
nitrogen is a very dry air, very clean, wont harm the vacume pump...and yes this happens with all gases, just at different pressures.....oxygen is -296 f....nitrogen is -453f.....argon is -308f....helium is the coldest gas at -465f...hydrogen is the 2nd coldest.....I work in the industry...its pretty cool shit.....dry ice(co2) is the hottest at -144f
it is quite weird to think of dry ice as 'hot'...
I think he meant the coldness for the pump.
Thanks!
oxygen if frozen has multiple structures dependent on multiple heat deficits to remain stable. so update the list please!
r/Americans
Superb demonstration... Helpful for teachers who don't have resources to explain.
That sign with the Lab wearing "Lab Attire" Is the cutest darn thing I've ever seen in my life.
+Joe The Amazing Camel you saw that?
pay attention, this is science!!
wait im confused?! so u can make nitrogen freeze in a vakuum and u can make water boil in a vakuum? isnt that kinda the opposite? why does one freeze and the other boil / turn into gas?
Good question:
www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/pwntn/why_does_liquid_nitrogen_freeze_when_placed_in_a/
Sorry would derive it, but it's 01:18 hrs
"You're a cool teacher"
Chemistry lab was my happiest time back in high school.
"Igor get me the Liquid Nitrogen..."
"Yes professor....."
"Now I pour the liquid nitrogen into the cup and reduce the pressure..YES ITS ALIVE ITS ALIVE ITS ALIVEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE."
"Nitrogen gas can exist in many other states."
Uh no, I don't think it can...
potuyit Yes it can. I seen something similar like that in Tennessee while they did it in California.
Plusle nitrogen gas? It's gas, and therefore cannot exist in any other state because it's already gas lol
That doesn't mean anything. You can still have Nitrogen gas in any state like Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina.
+Plusle lmao
Our nitrogen gas is all stale.
It's so dumb when people say liquid nitrogen is one of the coldest things. It's relatively warmer than other things I their liquid state like Oxygen or Helium.
I'm not sure why I capitalized those letters.
+BLUEDRAGONFLY Well its not like, "dumb"
+BLUEDRAGONFLY you can use liquid nitrogen to condense oxygen gas to form liquid oxygen. its possible since it has a lower boiling point so practically liquid nitrogen would be colder than liquid oxygen. Any nitrogen which reaches the boiling point is boiled away, and since oxygen boiling point is higher, any liquid oxygen you have left is of higher temperature than the liquid nitrogen.
+BLUEDRAGONFLY How would oxygen with a pair in its p orbitals and a double bonded diatomic structure have a lower boiling point than nitrogen which has no pairs in its p orbitals and a triple bond diatomic structure?
556x45mm NATO
One of the best video of chemistry I have ever seen in my life
The average cost to take a class to learn this in America is 200 dollars give or take. Thank you for uploading this
Yoo.... Does mercury have a gas state?
Mercury can exist as a vapor.
Everything has a gas state.
+SHJ Gaming So... where's my wood gas?
DuffystarOFFICEL Eh... about 4800 degrees C
+DuffystarOFFICEL Every naturally occurring element
I thought the higher the pressure, the higher the boiling point ._. Now I'm confused.
evilro3345 yep, and the higher freezing point, now imagine the celsius line as a line stretching from -273 all the way t0 infinity, -34 plus 3 =-31, which is warmer, thus needing a less cold room to freeze stuff. hope i helped. :)
Lower pressure lowers boiling point. Since there is less atmosphere pushing down on the liquid, it is easier for particles to escape.
+evilro3345 Don't feel bad about being confused. They did not explain the idea that adding pressure creates heat and reducing pressure removes heat very clearly. The temperature change is on the chart but they only very briefly mentioned it.
+evilro3345 +Charles Badstones Look up "heat of vaporization". It is the difference in kinetic energy between vapor and liquid at a constant temperature. It is the amount of energy that will be extracted from the liquid (making it cooler) when it is vaporized, which in this case is induced by lowering the pressure (and thus increasing the boiling temperature). The transition of liquid nitrogen to nitrogen gas extracts that energy from the liquid making it cooler and cooler, until it reaches its own freezing temperature. Same thing can be done with water (bunch of YT videos showing freezing of water at room temperature with vaccuum). It's also why if you wet your finger with water of almost any temperature and blow on it (inducing vaporization), it will feel cooler. The energy is extracted from the water still in contact with your skin.
The reverse (converting vapor into liquid) puts the same amount of energy back into the liquid. This is why steam can burn you so fast. It's effectively boiling temp of water + heat of vaporization.
+evilro3345 that's exactly what they said in the video. lower atmosphere = lower boiling point is the same as higher pressure = higher boiling point
Part of the fun of these videos is seeing all the interesting comments and debates therein. A lot of them I don't understand at all, yet extremely fascinating:)
When dealing with a cold liquid such a liquid nitrogen, it is best that you do not use gloves. If you do and spill it, then the liquid will be adsorbed into the gloves creating prolonged contact, which is very bad. When you don't wear gloves and it spills, what happens is that because the boiling point is so low, that it boils and creates a small cushion holding up the majority of the liquid preventing dangerous contact. That effect is called the Leindenfrost effect
Why is he wearing gloves? Is the container cold or something? You aren't suppose to wear gloves incase the liquid gets on your gloves...
***** What? I doubt the jar was that cold when he took it off... same for the container. i saw no moisture on either of them meaning they were enot cold.
Still he's an idiot for wearing gloves.
"nitrogen GAS can exist in any other state"
no, nitrogen GAS is GAS, not another state
+DatHam pedant
+chsxtian Lol I thought of the same hair to split but had the courtesy to keep it to myself XD
+Ryleigh S well people can read your comments you might want to be carefull what you say it could go virow on how the finger past ment stations was just a stop and go Just passing by so get over it
I know it sounded wrong, but when an element reaches it's triple point, it exists as all three states of matter. Therefore it isn't technically wrong to say that
Not in california, im sure it causes cancer over there and is heavily regulated/banned. Nazi state i tell ya.
I live about 30 minutes from Leadville CO.
Leadville appreciates the shoutout.
Looks like when it "burps" liquid hits the plate and likely vaporizes faster (more surface area exposed to open air and presumably warmer surface) which increases pressure and the vacuum pump has to catch up again. I believe that is the "oscillation".
Higher altitude = lower atmosphere pressure. He needs to be more precise if hes not gna confuse people he said "at a higher atmosphere"
zedooncadhz Presure is measured in atmospheres.
So he is fucked up the explanation
RagingDong Pressure is measured in PSI, pounds per square inch. Did... did you even pass physics?
CoroPixel
Im an engineer.
Just google pressure measurements.
It can be in psi, atm, bar, pascals. torr.
Have you even passed A Level physics.
Fucking dickweed. if your going to be a smartarse, at least be correct about it.
RagingDong Nice google work, there. Especially considering you said that pressure was only measured in atm.
CoroPixel
No. No i didnt.
i fucking fascinated by this,i want to learn this kind of stuff so i can apply it to the performance on automobiles
It has already been applied in a basic sense by automotive performance enthusiasts. Not only through the induction of oxidizers into the intake manifold but also as a freezing agent on intercoolers to bring colder, denser air into the intake to improve combustion efficiency.
We should have more solid nitrogen, just because it looks amazing.
Reminds me of sky ice from the Antarctic ice wall. That sky blue color we see above us, probably a reflection of the sky ice firmament above us that contains our atmosphere. The higher up you go the colder it gets.
lowering the boiling point and getting it to freeze is so counter intuitive! i mean i get it but its hella counter intuitive...
boiling isnt so much temp related as its just "air that appears out of a liquid" it can boil while hot or cold if you think of it that way. So if you lower the pressure its trying to pull the air from the liquid itself so it in effect boils. though changing the temp of a liquid can make it so that the air in that liquid is easier able to escape into the atmosphere. when its hot enough.
Jessie Janson actually I need to clear up that misconception, whilst you are correct in assuming that oxygen and any other gas in a liquid becomes less soluble as temperature increases, boiling is actually defined as the point where the liquid becomes a gas and forms bubbles which have enough pressure to counteract atmospheric pressure and thus rise to the surface of the liquid.
I don't know why he wears thermal gloves while pouring liquid nitrogen from a Dewar flask. The outside is not cold, that's the point of a Dewar flask. Now one can bring up "well he wears it in case he spills some on his hand". Well, I can tell you from experience that cryo gloves are the worst thing to be wearing when your hand contacts liquid nitrogen because it will soak in and stay there and burn your skin. Counter intuitively bare hands are safer thanks to the Leidenfrost effect causing the liquid nitrogen to roll off the hand on a thin layer of nitrogen vapor without ever contacting your skin.
Snooping around the innertoobz, I had found cryo gloves that claim to be waterproof for about $130.00. I wouldn't get anything porous myself.
Gweedo Murray Tell that to my work. All they have is porous cryo gloves. Snow gloves work better for me. But CalOSHA is very clear on what to wear while handling cryogenic fluids, ALL fluids. Even though liquid nitrogen is unique their rules are one size fits all.
WHAT ABOUT THE NITRIC ACID INSIDE LIQUID GOLD,?
The flask is stored in cabinet where temp drops duh!!!
Way COOL! Pun intended. First time I seen FROZEN Nitrogen !
The color of that nitrogen is so pretty!
Hi, What's the temperature of Gas, Liquid and Solid Nitrogen? Thx!
Do a Google search - it's all there! :)
+FlinnScientific -__- thanks... I guess...
That's a perfect answer, don't act spoiled.
+DingusDingo not much of a science channel though
Stating determined temperatures has nothing to do with science; making someone find out themselves by giving them the means to has!
poor Jeff. Looks like he was trying to do something really cool and felt like Mike "took over" his demonstration.
It begins with the crack about Jeff being a "cool teacher" which accessed low-self esteem issues, which Jeff perceives as teasing instead of just running with it in good spirits.
Then things escalate as Mike "trumps" his explanation of the phenomenon, by explaining about the loss of kinetic particles through the vacuum pumping - it becomes clear that Mike has done this demonstration before and is very knowledgable about it. Again this plays into Jeff feeling inadequate somehow. Next the nitrogen actually solidifies and Jeff proudly and excitedly announces it to the class. After it bursts Jeff emphasizes the fact that it didn't stabilize by asking what happened to it, claiming that he missed it (which is unlikely). Jeff feels like he's beginning to lose control of the demonstration and asks Mike to continue at the board. Mike maybe realizes he's said too much, but in any case, he tells Jeff to "go ahead" and do the board explanation, which Jeff perceives as Mike telling him what to do even though Mike is just supposed to be assisting. This plays into Jeff's core issues about feeling dominated, overshadowed, or like his autonomy has been taken away. jeff goes to the board, because he doesn't want to create an argument or because he feels like he's been handed back control of his demonstration.
Mike again talks about having done the demonstration before, and how he had cooler results with the stacked layers of solid and liquid nitrogen - again taking Jeff further away from his goal of showing his students something cool/ being liked; continues to feel like Mike is stealing the spotlight. Mike also talks about the poor selection of container and that he would have chosen something else - presumably his help was sought out for setting the demonstration up - had he set up Jeff for failure?
the climax comes when Mike does finally take complete control over poor Jeff's demonstration when the cool moment finally happens and the nitrogen solidifies. Mike wants to show the students how the air being put back into the container makes the nitrogen liquify again, and not only does he order Jeff to take the pump off, as if Jeff is his assistant, he uses a tense tone and impatient tone of voice when Jeff doesn't let the air in as Mike talks about letting the air in.
The damage done, and the demonstration "ruined" Mike fades into the background, leaving Jeff in the spotlight to take credit for how uncool he feels at the end.
Either Mike is completely clueless or a complete douche bag.
hi li See Oil Spill Freeze Salvage and tell us what YOU Think?
hi li God, I hate it when a transactional psychologist does a play-by-play of anything. It's like God looking over a physicist's shoulder. :)
if my science/chemistry classes were like this i wouldnt be bored
HVAC pump, usually used to evacuate the air from a newly sealed system. This also causes all the moisture to boil out of the system.