How Audi Quattro AWD Works
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 2 มิ.ย. 2024
- Here's a look inside Audi's Quattro AWD system and how it works!
The AWD system in Audi's differs from many other vehicles in that it dynamically reacts to changes in axle speed between front to rear. This is all done mechanically in the center differential located in the transfer case at the back of the transmission.
In this video, the transmission from a 2012 Audi Q5 is torn down to see how this system works. It consists of a limited slip center planetary differential. The key is it uses a clutch material between the ring gear and planet carrier which engages through the axial forces in the gears as they speed up. This clutch is only allowed to slip when wheel speed differences are relatively low, such as turning a corner; other than that, the Quattro system provides a 50/50 torque distribution from front to rear.
More advanced systems use a torsen type differential or a clutched based system to disengage an axle when not in use. FWD models use a haldex unit to send power to the rear wheels when required.
In contrast, here's how Subaru's AWD system works:
• How Subaru AWD Works
Here's how other RWD based AWD cars work:
• How Does AWD Work?
Here's how 4WD Jeeps work:
• How Jeep 4WD Works
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The center differential is in fact a Torsen C type center differential, made by JTEKT. It provides a 40:60 front-to-rear torque split on dry pavement, not 50:50. This is because the sun gear and ring gear have different diameters. Since the ring gear has a greater diameter than the sun gear, it will apply greater leverage and therefore, torque to the axle it powers. You can actually count the number of teeth on the sun gear and ring gear to get the exact ratio. I counted the number of teeth on the sun gear and ring gear. The sun gear and ring gear each have 24 and 36 teeth respectively. 24:36 is exactly a 40:60 ratio. When one axle loses traction, this center differential is capable of transferring up to 70% of the available power to the front axle or up to 85% of available power to the rear axle. It is this uneven basic distribution with instantaneous torque-biasing between the front and rear axles that Audi refers to as the "asymmetric-dynamic torque split". It is a great system; so great in fact that this is the all-wheel drive system used on the current Lamborghini urus.
Thank you for this clarification. I was confused when he said 50:50 as my understanding was that planetary differentials were inherently asymmetrical.
Correct. The previous system used a Torsen B center differential which had 2 sun gears of equal diameter powering the front and rear axles which is why that system provided a 50:50 torque split with up to 78% of the power going to the axle with better traction (3.5:1 torque bias ratio). Audi phased that system out in favor of this Torsen C differential in 2005 because quattro became known for excessive under steer at the vehicles handling limit. Switching from 50:50 to a rear-biased 40:60 endowed quattro vehicles with much more neutral handling. There is extensive literature on the internet about these systems released by Audi. I can include some links if you are interested.
I am in awe of the engineers designing such intricate machines...and your knowledge on the subject is just phenomenal...
@@Anthony9592 thank you for the kind words! And yes, the components in this gearbox are products of a multinational collaboration; brilliant engineers from Germany and Japan came together. Companies like JTEKT, ZF, and VW AG all played a role.
@@rosslarkin6742 Audi also did use torsen diffs delivered by AAM.
That was a Great video on the Quattro, and showing how it works,
when it came out years ago it dominated rally racing.
Thanks. It sure is old technology but it works.
@@speedkar99 Audi literally changed the world of rally. Today, there are no more 2WD rally cars.
@@speedkar99 I think this is the best design because it is a permanent set up. Many car makers uses a part time time setup is just awful. Creates ridiculous car behavior and the multiplate clutch wears out and overheats.
Rally quattro was actually very simple system, basically with no center differential at all. It dominated rally racing but only partly - meaning that they were winning only with RWD competitors, apart from 1983, when they weren't able to beat RWD Lancia.
@@4x4.tests.on.rollers I thought they were Torsen diff.
Idk why but I find transmissions manual and auto and 4wd etc and all their constituent parts
, extremely fascinating
Well I will have more transmission teardown coming up since that's all I'm finding out there as cores
You're a great teacher Speedkar ... Can't believe all the torque goes through that tiny front/rear torque split unit. Thanks 👍
Yes I was surprised as well to see that tiny torque split device
It seemed incredibly easy to take apart, you didn't even need a ball bearing puller ? I would like to take one apart too, and the brand new white carpet of my living room is so confortable to sit on for tinkering 🤗
I have done several motorcycle engine rebuilds on my dining room table.
It sure was easy.... especially for an Audi!
@@ToyotaKTMI've done a few manual transmissions it safe to say my partner she dont like the smell of old gear oil
🫣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
Sure, a Torsion diff is more complex and close to magic. But this one is surprisingly simple and straight-forward. Neat!
This is actually is a Torsen center differential. Earlier Quattro systems used Torsen A and B center differentials which had a 50:50 front-to-rear torque split. In 2005, Audi switched to this Torsen C center differential because it has a rear-biased 40:60 torque split, which reduces understeer.
Thanks for the clarification!
Red Green would be proud of your demo
I miss red green. Gotta love duct tape
So much learning in these vids, thank you for them
Glad you like them!
What a lovely demonstration. Thank you.
Some serious machining & looks to be quite well built. Yes, Red Green would be honored with the use of the handy man's special. Great explanation on the complexities. Thank you!
I loved red green. Good old duct tape
Always excelent videos, thank you
You are welcome
Nice Vid. Thanks !!!!!. The Center differential is pretty clever
I swear to God this guy just looks at a car once and everything there is to know about it he downloads it instantly on his brain and the regurgitates it in a way we understand it
Incredible video, thank you!! And subscribed!
Wonderful video. Thanks
You are welcome
Awesome content as always
Appreciate it!
fantastic video ,, very very well explained.
Glad you learned something
@@speedkar99 Oh , I knew already , but its still well explained .
Great video! Very interesting
Thanks
Nice, now I know how my next Audi will work.
Which Audi do you have
I subbed cause of the family clothing ties. You're one of the best.
🤣 haha
I've always wondered how it worked. This is gonna be interesting 😮
Glad you enjoyed
my winter car was last year the a4 1.8t quattro, it was very comfortable and im glad i bought it for my dad after i was done with it👍🏽
Awesome, did you have any issues with it?
@@speedkar99 besides the worn out sport clutch its only a bit electronics that occur to be problematic. its still the good old permanent quattro AWD in the A4 B6 models, u really cant complain of the drive quality👍🏽
Thanks for this. Very timely as I'm in the middle of a valve body swap on the 8HP model from the same year Q5.
Screwed the first one up pulling it to do the RMS. Horror Freight trans jack platform shifted and a decent chunk of the weight was being supported by the front spindle of the TC on the crank. 🤦♂️
I bolted it back on, refilled the fluid and it started clicking as soon as i started it. Could feel occasional slippage in park and at highway speeds. Confirmed with my Ross Tech. Strangely it never threw any codes.
Like you said, you can't do a full swap because the trans serial is coded into the ECU. So I'm swapping the valve body into a 167k junkyard trans to get around it.
Thanks again for the video! Very thorough!
Interesting story. So you bent the torque converter?
Another excellently edited video! Thank you, perfectly good transmission, for your sacrifice.
What was/model Audi did this come out of?
All this complication, parts, weight, and inertia. Whether or not you like EVs, they have the advantage of removing a lot of this stuff. Not the axle diffs, but the transmission, torque converter, and center diff.
My guess it was out of a V8, judging by the massive gears and steels inside the tranny. ZF 6 speed box with Audi adaptations for the AWD.
I believe he said 2012 Q5. They used the ZF 6HP for the 3.2L model and the 8HP for the 2L.
2012 Q5 with 3.2 V6
There are always a ton of cool needle and thrust bearings in transmissions (auto or manual).
There are too many!
Nice, the Ford Cosworth series used a similar setup only the front diff was mounted much further front and the axle went through the engine sump resulting in an engine sitting much further back. Also the Cosworths used a chain driven front shaft taking its input from a viscous coupler.
That's better for weight distribution
Thanks for sharing. Obviously a very well Teutonic Engineered transmission. No doubt costly to produce and overhaul. Bet you're glad someone doesn't ask you to put it back together again though. lol. Great video, as usual.
Thanks. I love tearing stuff apart without fear.
@@speedkar99 I know, me too!🤣
very educative..
My buddy Jacob will watch this video.
TY that is amazing
Welcome
Haha man, that started how “this is how you do this” and ended a little Captain Destructo.
I'm confused.... I helped a friend change the air filter in a 2.5 jetta, and it took 10x longer than I thought it would. But the AWD system on this car looks pretty simple. The duality of VW group.
Agreed....I was surprised at how simple this is.
The center differential you've taken apart is Torsen type C. It would be interesting to see the insides of crown gear differential which has been installed since the Audi RS5 2010. It can be found in DL501 dual-clutch gearbox, in 0B2/0B4 manual gearboxes (Audi A4,S4,RS4,A5,S5,RS5,Q5) and may be somewhere else.
I'd love to see those, as that's what I was expecting.
This seems to be a very simple setup!
They stopped installing crown gear differential in 2014/2015 I think.
感恩了解，謝謝分享！
You are welcome
7:30. This IS a Torsen style diff, it's a Torsen C with asymmetrical torque split which made its debut on Alfa Romeo 156 XWagon. Number of gear teeth creates the uneven torque split, I bet the friction side is there only to negate the weak point of Torsen, when a wheel has no grip, it transfers no torque to the other wheel. In another note, maybe you can get your hand on the newer Quattro differential, the Crown Gear differential made by ASSAG.
It's not correct that if a wheel has no grip, torsen transfers no torque to other wheel. It does and it transfers TBR x more than to a slipping wheel. It just is not enough to spin it effectively.
Thanks for the information. This is so much simpler than the torsen we know with many gears! And yes there should be a torque ratio but I didn't measure the teeth to determine ratio
@@4x4.tests.on.rollers Raise a wheel in the air and see how much torque the other wheel receives. Same here, raise one axle and see how much torque the other receives. The friction plate is most likely there to negate this symptom.
@@rast9792 Other wheel receives TBR times more than the wheel in the air thus statement that it transfers no torque to the other wheel is false.
@@4x4.tests.on.rollers From Torsen (JTEKT) site: You probably see by now that in extreme situations, such as when a tire is lifted off the ground completely, that zero X TBR is still = zero. So, yes, in that case, the Torsen is limited. But that is why the product is classified as a limited slip differential.
Dude. The depth of your knowledge? It's...well it's deep is what I'm saying.
FYI: It's a "flex-circuit". Often more expensive than a hard circuit board. It allows greater design flexibility, mostly as it can route around things. Audi appears to make a fine transmission with an emphasis on simplicity which makes for reliability. I think we would agree we cannot say that about their nightmarishly complex engines.
Also I saw a video on Ford's 1100 cubic inch GGA engine for the Sherman tank. I was most impressed that it used worm driven shafts to drive the overhead cams, never saw this approach before. I liked it. Worm gears on both ends from crank to cam shaft, which also enable the appropriate 2:1 speed reduction.
Probably because the transmission is made by ZF. This is 6HP model. They're the primary supplier for Audi, BMW and are found in some GM models. Really solid engineering.
I was surprised at how simple it is for an Audi.
I love this dude......... And his wife's toothbrush!
So we have 2 diffs, a transmission, and a transfer case. How many places are required to change the fluids in this thing
Just got to clean up some oil with my baby daughter's onesie😂
They grow up so fast🥲
They sure do!
🤣
I don't understand any of this. But, I like the video.
Thanks
You should do the proper Torsen one.
That is a Torsen, just a Type-C
@@harryhazeel5974THANK YOU!
I'd love to!
Would love a video on the 8hp auto
Sure if I ever find one
That is a Torsen center diff. The gears on the outside are the worm gears that prevent and speed differential front to rear when the engine is driving the vehicle. That is a Torsen type “C” differential with a 60:40 torque bias. All RWD based Audi Quattro systems prior to around 2017 have a Torsen differential. They didn’t switch to a computer controlled crown gear system until the B9 A4.
Crown gear differential is not electronically controlled, it's fully mechanical and it's not in use for about ten years.
Thanks for the information. I was expecting the torsen with the many gears inside the housing 🤣.
@@speedkar99You probably mean torsen A which is not in use since mid 90s 😉
Notification Squad!🔥🔥🔥😊
Random youtube recommendation squad!!!
Thanks
Great video thank you. In comparison, is the Subaru VTD system better or worse?
VTD is much better, it's active differential.
@@T.e.d.d.y. Thank you
Im only familiar with the GM viscous AWD. So this is pretty interesting
@13:45 how to upgrade to AMD K7 and put back together?
Please post a video on diesel dpf or emissions control system on new cars
th-cam.com/video/Kfj4u_h_bGg/w-d-xo.html
Here's another good video explaining how a Torsen differential works.
This almost perfectly explains how it works.
Awesome.
I find it amusing that when VAG released the DSG gearboxes the valve body was renamed mechatronics, causing all the VAG haters around the world to decry this mysterious, sometimes troublesome new doodad. (Doodad is an Aussie word describing a thingamabob or jigamaroo). Valve bodies, of course, were once mechanical but modern ones contain the TCU and are in every way the same as a mechatronics.
I find it interesting too. It sucks that you have to reprogram them to the car
@@speedkar99 Maybe, but as you know every vehicle has different engine outputs such as torque, final drive ratios, etc, so the TCU has to match the vehicle configuration. No other way to do it but to code it to the VIN. Probably this will update the TCU accordingly.
I have an Audi A8 2011 4.2 TDI Right hand drive (ireland) and whenever i turn at low speed there is a nois (i can hear it louder at the left wheel, it seems to be at that side). The noise sounds to me like there is a male and a female shaft worn and they are spinning. Grinding noise...This is the best explanation i can give to that noise 😂.
When at normal drive, even cornering and at big speed the car drives normal. No noise or vibration.
Any idea what it could be?
Just bought the car and the previous owner said it is the transfer case. He said that the oil between the gearbox and transfer case are mixing together and creating this issue. Can it be something like that? It sounds crazy to me. I am a diy and i am trying to figure out what is wrong.
Many thanks!
Do you know if any normal road vehicles have a thorsen? (so we can someday watch you tear one down)
Quite a lot, it is used as front, rear or center differential.
For the center differential, I'd assume the more performance oriented vehicles the the S4
@@speedkar99Nowadays Audi uses torsen in CSM version for all S/RS (>A3), A8, Q7, Q8. For A4, A5, A6, A7 they use it only in >500 Nm configurations, so basically 3.0 diesels.
cool!!!
Thanks
Hey, what happened to the toothbrush??
👀👀
Following your example I have just taken the transmission apart on my wife's Audi Q5 whilst wearing one of her dresses. She just got home from bowling and seems displeased and has called the cops. Did I get something wrong?
You did nothing wrong, but your is just suprise seeing you work hard. Keep it up 👺👍🏻🔥
Gosh that freakin’ chungus of a transmission 😮💨
Thing is too heavy, and the front differential case on the end makes removing that mother-trucker so cumbersome to drop out and lift in.
Got arm day, back day, and leg day 😂
It sure is gonna make for a front heavy car.
The Quattro center diff makes Audi AWD a permanent set up. This is a superior set up than a part time AWD.
I have owned many Audis and they are as fuel efficient as a 2WD and they are incredible beast in a winter storm.
Yes this is full time AWD.
Subaru's setup is a bit different, but it's also full time.
@@speedkar99 Subaru and Audi are the only ones that drives amazing in a blizzard storm because of their permanent AWD design.
@@jamsbong Nope, they are not the only ones, there are much more with way more sophisticated permanent awd systems.
What this shows along with Subaru is that you don't need a sophisticated design to have amazing performance in adverse conditions. Audi and Subaru managed to design simple awd systems that are extremely reliable.
There are only 2 companies that has such AWD technology. It looks simple but I bet there are a lot of knowledge that is still kept secret.
Thats why every other car company don’t know how to make such AWD system.
Engineering marvel
It sure is
7:45 it is torsen. Just different style one. Torsen 4 i believe
2012 so it's torsen C.
Thanks for the clarification
I could use some of my wife's shoes to store fasteners and needle bearings.
Good idea
Ничего не понял, но очень интересно.
We ell at least you may have learned something
Can't wait for the next training video
My mentor
SHARP, Speedkar99
👍
From Nick Ayivor from London England UK 🇬🇧 ⏰️ 22:16PM Good Evening
Thanks
i had an abandoned tire in the fast lane while driving myself and my son home about 40 min ago, had to avoid the hazzard and that quattro works for emergency maneuvers when your carrying precious cargo
Audi timing cover, chains, sprockets, etc. face towards the torque converter.
They sure are. I'll have a teardown video on the engine that was attached soon.
Why did Audi use this design only in longitudinal engine mount cars? The -Quattro diff (torsen diff)- (Correction: this wasn't torsen diff but regular LSD) seems small enough that it should have been possible to use with transverse engine, too.
It's torsen.
These are a pleasure to work on, and are very reliable except for the mechatronics that crap out every now and then.
Agreed. In this case the engine blew up big time
the "quattro" accent makes the whole video 🤌🏻
Haha I did that on purpose
That transmission is related to GM's 6l80 & Ford's 6R80. ZF family of transmissions
Good to know!
Altho the mechanical gearbox is much more simple. Less wearing parts in center diff. Way more mechanical. Way more reliable. The 6 speed 01E can easilly handle 600+ hp in stock form
It sure is simple. No clutches to wear out.
I really liked the valve body, it's all contained in a unit which can be removed which means the case is not overly complex. Very nice design I thought.
Most transmissions are designed this way. Sometimes all it takes is a valve body swap which doesn't require the entire removal.
@@speedkar99 I used to work on transmissions, old American designs. I've never seen that before. But that was 40 years ago : /
No! Not the onesie! 😢
Too bad!
💯💯👌👌👍👍
Looks more like the 8 speed
Wait 😮 where's the toothbrush 🪥?
👀
You made it squirt!
💦
Valve body, torque converter and liquid operated clutches in a 50k$+ 2020 car? I'll keep my manual then, I was expecting at least a double shaft with mechanic operated clutches
DSG's used to be a thing but they don't seem to be preferred over CVTs now.
That is remarkably similar to the Ford 6R80 internally, save for the AWD components.
Apparently they're related
@@speedkar99 Not a surprise at all. Many manufacturers share a reference design and make tweaks. Ford's 6F35/40/70 and GM's 6T40/45/70/75 for example.
mechanics are funny
So.. then NO TORSEN in newer longitudinally quattro... :(. Interesting and sad. I will keep my torsen platform as long as i can.
What car do you torsen?
@@speedkar99 "my old platform which runs a torsen based transmission" - when you trying to be sarcastic, first of all check if you got everything needed to use sarcasm. Seems like you don't. If i would ask you to type in MY native language a text half of mine above.. you will fail way more miserable than me, don't you think?
Don't brake a Mechatronic circuit hardware like this, is very very expensive !!!!
BimmerN53
🤣🤣 not anymore.
Who would buy this? Its better use to learn how it works!
i know how work: Wheel go round
This is the best analogy
soon son-in-law clothes
🤣 maybe in a few decades
I've checked tour channel’s shop. Why don't you sell toothbrush with your channel logo? And “brother’s underwear” and “baby clothes” etc
Transmissions are a plain in the ass to work on.
Well I have some transmission videos coming up soon
Thank you for destroying a multi $1000 working transmission for us!
It would be cool if you applied compressed air to the clutch pistons to show the operation
That would be awesome...if I had a compressor 😵
Torsen “ is Not really a AUDI thing…
No it isn't. But it's mainly what they've been using up until recently
It's actually 40/60 not 50/50 from 2008 it becomes 40/60
For the first time they used it in 2005.
@@4x4.tests.on.rollers 2005 was another torsen differential that provides 50/50 .
@@yassinmak3743 As I said - for the first time Audi used torsen C 40/60 in 2005, not 2008.
Thanks for the information. I didn't count the gear teeth 😂
the italians do the design of german cars, not the gearbox ;D ("quattro")
😐
No torsen no quattro
So quattro from 1980-1987 is not a quattro? How about 2010 RS5, not a quattro to?
@@4x4.tests.on.rollers exactly in my poor man's opinion. When did Piech manage to climb up on steepest snow hill on summer tires.
I do have a a4 2006 3.0 tdi quattro with torsen and it is even faster than s4 with 4.2 n a from years of my car.
Could you please tell me about 2010 rs5 central differential, I know nothing but I really want to, thnx
@@Peter-o Unfortunately I don't know the story about Piech climbing. When it comes to torsen - it isn't any special or magical diff, it's one of many LSDs. And when it comes to RS5 - it was an example, there were more models between 2010 and 2013 with "crown gear center differential", another type of LSD. There are many descriptions and animations about it, incl. Audi website.
@@4x4.tests.on.rollers in my opinion there are only two types of true lsd torsen or quife, other like haldex and wavetrack is worse because of operational method and time of engaging, in my opinion gears is everything
@@4x4.tests.on.rollers torsen is not special it is just more reliable than others in road cars in particular unlike other who is not able to use torsen as transaxial differential
Subaru did it better 😂
See my Subaru video. I think this is more simple
Audi tried to copy bmw
I really don't see the point of 4wd in a normal car unless of course your country is full of snow and mud. Even then, just buy a real 4x4 like a Land Cruiser
lol
Driving dynamics
Thats why Electric cars are way superior... all this engineering for what?
How long does It take to fill up an electric car? And if I run out of electricity on the highway, can I get a Jerry Can and go to the next gas station and fill an electric car with a Jerry can?
You should look at the rewinding an electric motor. It has its own complexities.
@@daveshockwave8098 You make sure not to run out of gas. Same to electric. Welcome to the future
😂
My colleague bought a Tesla Y and did some road trips. It was filled with stress and range anxiety. Because previously he could just drive to the destination and enjoy the trip.
Now he has to plan a significant amount of time for charging and he concluded that any distance longer than 1 charge is just not practical.
EV ownership is littered with problems. The vehicle don’t last as long and they are difficult to use.
@pilotboy2612 hey my truck is not the best on gas. If I run out, I just grab a Jerry Can and put gad in that truck via that. Can you do that with a tesla?
Imagine the only thing you had to replace was the bearing on that front prop-shaft. lol