Noam Chomsky (HINDI/हिंदी में)

Introduction
Born on December 7, 1928, in Philadelphia, USA, to a Jewish intellectual family.
Known for revolutionary contributions in linguistics, cognitive science, and political philosophy.
Focuses on freedom, intellectual independence, and critiquing power structures.
Early Life and Influences
Father, William Chomsky, was a Hebrew scholar; mother, Elsie Chomsky, was a social activist.
Grew up in a politically aware and intellectually stimulating environment.
Observed inequality and discrimination, shaping his later political thought.
Found conventional schooling restrictive but was inspired by family discussions and books.
Education and Mentorship
Studied linguistics at the University of Pennsylvania.
Mentored by Zellig Harris, who influenced his views on linguistics and political philosophy.
Developed an interest in structural linguistics and the politics of language.
Engaged with anarchist and socialist ideas, forming the foundation of his political philosophy.
Linguistic Contributions
Transformational-Generative Grammar:
Introduced deep and surface structures in language.
Proposed universal transformation rules, innate to the human mind.
Universal Grammar:
Asserted that all languages share underlying principles.
Developed the concept of a Language Acquisition Device (LAD) in children.
Revolutionized the understanding of how humans acquire language.
Impact on fields like computational linguistics, artificial intelligence, and education.
Critique of Behaviorism
Challenged behaviorist theories of language, especially B.F. Skinner's "Verbal Behavior."
Argued that language is not a conditioned response but a creative cognitive process.
Highlighted the limitations of behaviorism in explaining linguistic creativity.
Pioneered the cognitive revolution, emphasizing the mind as an active processor.
Political Philosophy and Activism
Media and Propaganda:
Co-authored "Manufacturing Consent," critiquing media's role in serving elite interests.
Proposed the Propaganda Model, explaining how media filters shape public opinion.
Critique of Power Structures:
Highlighted the nexus between state and corporate power.
Criticized wars like Vietnam and Iraq as driven by economic motives.
Global Inequality:
Critiqued institutions like the IMF and World Bank for perpetuating inequality.
Advocated for wealth redistribution and grassroots movements.
Contributions to Cognitive Science
Demonstrated that language acquisition is an innate cognitive ability.
Proposed that the human mind operates through modular systems, specialized for functions like language.
Advanced theories influencing artificial intelligence and machine learning.
Developed frameworks for understanding the relationship between language and thought.
Legacy and Contemporary Relevance
Influenced multiple disciplines, including linguistics, media studies, and philosophy.
Ideas on intellectual independence and grassroots activism remain relevant in the digital age.
Contributions serve as a foundation for addressing modern challenges like misinformation and global inequality.
Continues to inspire movements for justice, equality, and intellectual freedom.
Conclusion
Noam Chomsky's interdisciplinary approach has transformed how we understand language, cognition, and power.
His work bridges theory and practice, offering solutions for systemic change and personal empowerment.
A timeless intellectual whose ideas resonate across generations and disciplines.