Proto-Celtic vs Proto-Italic language (Italo-Celtic?)
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 23 พ.ย. 2020
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Proto-Celtic (PC, Common Celtic)
Reconstruction of Celtic languages
Region: Central or Western Europe
Era: ca. 1000 BCE
Reconstructed ancestor: Proto-Indo-European
is the partially reconstructed proto-language of all the known Celtic languages. Its lexis, or vocabulary, can be confidently reconstructed on the basis of the comparative method of historical linguistics, in the same manner as Proto-Indo-European, the proto-language which has been most thoroughly reconstructed. Proto-Celtic is a descendant of the Proto-Indo-European language and is itself the ancestor of the Celtic languages which are members of the modern Indo-European language family, the most commonly spoken language family. Modern Celtic languages share common features with Italic languages that are unseen in other branches and according to one theory they may have formed an ancient Italo-Celtic branch. The duration of the cultures speaking Proto-Celtic was relatively brief compared to PIE's 2,000 years. By the Iron Age Hallstatt culture of around 800 BC these people had become fully Celtic.
The reconstruction of Proto-Celtic is currently being undertaken, by necessity relying on later iterations of Celtic languages. Although Continental Celtic presents much substantiation for Proto-Celtic phonology, and some for its morphology, recorded material is too scanty to allow a secure reconstruction of syntax, although some complete sentences are recorded in the Continental Gaulish and Celtiberian. Therefore, the primary sources for reconstruction come from the Insular Celtic languages with the oldest literature found in Old Irish and Middle Welsh, dating back to authors flourishing in the 6th century CE.
Proto-Italic
Reconstruction of: Italic languages
Region: Italian Peninsula
Era: ca. 1000 BCE
Reconstructed ancestor: Proto-Indo-European
Lower-order reconstructions: Proto-Romance
is the ancestor of the Italic languages, most notably Latin and its descendants, the Romance languages. It is not directly attested in writing, but has been reconstructed to some degree through the comparative method. Proto-Italic descended from the earlier Proto-Indo-European language.
Based on glottochronological evidence, Proto-Italic is believed to have split off from the archaic western Proto-Indo-European dialects some time before 2500 BC. It was originally spoken by Italic tribes north of the Alps before they moved south into the Italian Peninsula during the second half of the 2nd millennium BCE. Linguistic evidence also points to early contacts with Celtic tribes and Proto-Germanic speakers.
Although an equation between archeological and linguistic evidence cannot be established with certainty, the Proto-Italic language is generally associated with the Terramare (1700-1150 BCE) and Villanovan cultures (900-700 BCE).
If you are interested to see your native language/dialect to be featured here. Submit your recordings to crystalsky0124@gmail.com. Looking forward to hearing from you!
What we observe here is the translation of each of these lexical items, but we don't see the the cognate. For example 'blood' in Proto Celtic is 'krowos' and In Proto Italic it is 'sanguis'. However as in Latin, the cognate to the Proto Celtic for 'krowos' would be 'cruor' in Latin, meaning raw or bloody flesh. The Proto Celtic for 'hand' 'flamos' translates as 'manos' in Proto Italic.
However as in Latin, the cognate to the Proto Celtic would be 'palma' = he palm of the hand.
What about comparing each proto-language from the Indo-European family?
I speak Irish, and I was amazed at how many of the Proto-Celtic words I recognised
Well i am Greek and it's amazing how many common words have ancient Greeks and Celtics ...
They're surprisingly similar!
They are not, maybe a couple phrases but not everything
@@JC-wq6dy they actually are very (extremely) similar by linguistic standards
"surprisingly", how much of an amateur are you, Jesu
@@JC-wq6dy This is not true. Grammatically and Vocab wise they are both very similar, which is because very recently before they were the same language. This comment obviously shows you know nothing about their overall vocabularies and grammars and probably just have some pre convinced knowledge about them and have made your mind up that they are not similar.
Well, everyone should have seen that coming.
Ok, what about proto-slavic and proto-baltic next time?
Or even proto-indo-aryan and proto-iranic.
@@wish-keeper Shhhh don't you see we want a comparative video?
They’re not extremely similar but I think they definitely may have split from a common population or even just had influence on each other due to close vicinity
Yup, that’s pretty much what happened. Italo-Celtic is basically a dialect of Proto-Indo-European that split off in the same region (Ukrainian steppe to Central Europe). These are roughly the areas where each PIE dialect/language family split off... (besides Italo-Celtic)
Pre-Proto-Germanic (Poland to Germany)
Balto-Slavic (Russia to Belarus & Lithuania)
Indo-Aryan (Kazakhstan to Afghanistan)
Tocharian (extinct, developed in Western China, some of its phonological features & grammatical structure can still be seen in the Uighur language of Xingjiang)
Armenian (the Caucasus)
Hellenic/Greek (the Balkans)
Anatolian (extinct, the Caucasus to Turkey)
Illyrian (possibly extinct, the Balkans)
Albanian (the Balkans)
Daco-Thracian (Ukrainian steppe to Romania)
Phrygian (Anatolia to the Caucasus)
Or no language family exists because all could have simply influenced each other so much
@@obliterator3426 You don't get this degree of similarity without shared ancestry.
@@juandiegovalverde1982 yes, Proto-Germanic was original spoken in Scandinavia but before it was Proto-Germanic it was another dialect of Proto-indo-European that migrated to Scandinavia
@@juandiegovalverde1982 That's because he's talking about Pre-Proto-Germanic,an earlier stage
Proto Celtic and Proto Itlalic would look closer to each other if you included the cognates and not simply the translations. Words, through time, change not only the way they are pronounced, but they can change their meanings too. We observed the Proto-Celtic word for 'bird' is 'petnos'. The Proto Italic had from the same Indo-European root. 'pet-' = to fly, the word 'pet-na or pets-na" meaning 'wing or feather' thus giving us the word in Latin 'penna' meaning 'feather'. Further semantic change can be observed where this Latin word for 'feather' took on a new meaning 'pen' as in English. After all they once used 'feathers' as 'pens' in earlier times.
The forms of Italic and Celtic presented here are "Q-forms" : *kwenkwe --> Latin: quinque, Irish: cùig, while "P-forms" also existed in both families : Five is "pump" in welsh, "pemp" in Breton, and "pumpe" in Oscan and Umbrian, also Italic languages (hence: Pompeius, Pompeii). The Latin equivalent of "Pompeius" is "Quintus" = the fifth (son).
There were no "P-forms" in Proto-Celtic and Proto-Italic. The "P-forms" were developed independently later on.
As an Irish speaker I saw so many roots in the nouns and then it dropped completely at the verbs
The Celtic and Italic languages are way too similar, there was definitely an Italo-Celtic language spoken at one time. It makes sense as well since they did inhabite the same parts of Europe
I’m Russian but I speak some Irish and it is amazing to see so many similarities between Proto-Celtic and Slavic languages, especially in the words to give (dati) and blood (krowos)!
And I’m also delighted to see that a lot of words from proto-Celts have undergone not so drastic change that we observe in the modern Irish now, especially when it comes to colours, many basic adjectives like short, dirty, big, small, good, bad; nouns like dog, earth, bone, woman, snake, seed, leaf, flower, nose and some verbs like say, sing, swim, wash, throw. I also noticed that the ф (f) sound died out in Irish and many modern Irish words basically resemble proto-Celtic words without it:
Iasc - feskos - fish
Athair - fatir - father
Leathan - flitanos - wide
Lámh - flama - hand
Lán - flanos - full.
Thanks a lot for this wonderful video!!!
Dauyeti - dóigh - to burn
фlabaros - labhair - to speak
Kliyos - Clé (Clí in my dialect) - Left
Deswos - deis - right
Maros - mór - big
Tegus - tiubh - thick
Gdonyos - duine - person
Milom - míol - creature, louse
Silom - síol - seed
Krokkeno - craiceann - skin
Klousta - cluas - ear
Srogna - srón - nose
Angwina - ionga - nail
Monis - muineál - neck
Kikos - cíoch - breast
Ana - anáil - To breath
Sna - snámh - swim
Nig-yo - nigh - to wash
Leg-yo - leag - To lay
Udenskyos - uisce - water
Kluka - cloch - stone
Nemos - neamh - heavens
Teфnets - tine - fire
Bledni - bliain - year
Ougros - fuar/uar - cold
Salakos - salach - dirty
Krundis - cruinn - round
Onkus - fogus - near
A few more
@@fearmor3855 go raibh míle maith agat, a chara! Is aoibhinn é sin!
If I may add my two cents:
In Germanic languages "blood" means something that bursts out: www.etymonline.com/word/blood and en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bl%C5%8D%C3%BE%C4%85. "Krowos" came to mean "crude" and "raw" in Proto-Germanic.
@@Proto_Type614 that explains the norwegian “kro” meaning undercooked meat
@@Proto_Type614 ”kräva” in Swedish is the gizzard of a bird, another related concept to blood, meats and innards, and ”grov” means coarse, rough.
Romans: You don't speak my language, than you're barbarian!
Celts: Dude, our languages developed from a single ancestor.
Romans: Oh...
The Romans could understand the Gauls, and vice versa.
Imagine what would be the reaction of the Romans in those days when they found out(hypothetically)that their pure and polished Latin was related to the so called barbaric celtic languages!
Lusitanians: Ours too!
@@srikrishnak196 Romans didn't really consider Celts barbaric until they had to justify a war against them. Romans and Celts were well aware of their shared bloodline, the Aedui even called Romans "bloodbrothers".
@@srikrishnak196 Romans did however probably look at Celts just like modern day citizens (those who live in cities) look towards rural folk, probably as uneducated, specially because they didn't read or write, with a certain disdain, even though they were one same people.
Maybe Proto-Slavic vs Proto-Baltic next?
Isn’t Baltic a very close language group to Slavic?
@@bigbitch584 yeah i think batltic language were regarded as slavic languages in the past but the current idea insteads paint them as having a common ancestor
Proto Baltic have much common words with these two.
This is an amazing video, Language-machine! Both branches shared lots of common words. And we can see many of them(modified of course) in our modern Romance languages. Thanks so much!
Actually some words never changed at all.I'm surprised how "os" and "nas" are exactly the same in Romanian.
@@deacudaniel1635 Ai dreptate, prieten roman. Thanks for the accurate observation.
3:04 Krowos👍 In russian: krovj (кровь)
And "raw" in English (came from "hraw"--the h developed out of "k" sound.
,,krowa" in Polish
Unfortunately krowos isn't the root of the current Irish word, that would be fuil
@@fearmor3855 The modern Irish equivalent is _cró_ meaning 'blood' or 'gore'.
This is still from proto-Indo-European.
Zero doubt they were the same culture in Central Europe in like 2500 BC. Massive amount of Yamnaya-Kurgans moved into that area.
Proto-Celtic speakers:
okay, let's make it so the languages in our language family don't even sound related.
I like this. This is much nicer on the eyes than the long side-by-side lists. It lets me listen to the audio and tap into an intuitive understanding of the cognate words while having an embodied sense of the meaning as I listen. Great work! Liked, subscribed.
I'm from Northern Italy, we are culturally, linguistically and genetically ""celtic"", it's amazing to see how many words in our dialect are similar to Welsh, Scottish and Irish and have the same meaning.
E.g.: Pair - Paröl (cauldron, pot)
Northern Italy is linguistically romance what
@@fearmor3855 that isn't exactly true because before the Roman imperial period, much of Northern Italy was populated by continental Celtic tribes. What I am surprised is, according to Sabrina here there is still some retention of that in their romance (Italian) based dialects.
Northern Italian dialects are gallo-italic, Celtic substrate + Latin influence (+ Germanic). Not most, but many words in our dialects (and in Italian, too) have a celtic origin, though the phonetics is what really stuck.
Culeur - Coll/Cyll (hazelnut)
Busc - Bwch (male goat)
Arent - Ar- (before)
Are examples of words in Lombard that have a Celtic origin.
It's really not that surprising, the Celts were all over Central Europe, and alpine tribes (Celtic and Rhaetic) in Northern Italy were only subdued by the Romans in 14BC.
I'm aware this may sound a bit nationalistic, just an archeologist here who loves talking about her country!
As a northern Italian I speak a Gallo-Romance language (Lombard), so I love these two families.
Interesting. There are many similar words but also many completely different words. I think it would be safe to say that proto indoeurpean had a huge number of synonyms, as we can see that proto Celtic and proto Italic diverged considerably. This is something we see in modern languages as well. Think of the German words ‘Hund’ and ‘Schwein’ versus the English words ‘dog’ and ‘pig’. English also uses cognates to the German words (hound and swine) but those are used far more rarely. Instead the word dog is used for every kind of hound whereas in earlier times hound was the main word for a canine and a dog was a specific kind of hound. Also the word swine was once more commonly used for pig but today it is the opposite. Also German uses the word Baum (boom in Dutch) but English, although a West Germanic language, uses the word tree which is derived from old Norse and the descendants of old Norse such as Swedish, Norwegian and Danish use words similar to tree. It’s interesting because the Scandinavian languages have many similar words to English, German and Dutch but also many different words even when those words have a Germanic origin.
Incredible video!
It is interesting how much the Portuguese maintained some similarities of proto-italics, some of these words are
istos - isso (that)
kwis, kwoi - quem (who)
kwamdo - quando (where)
moltos - muitos (many)
partim - partes (some)
paukos - poucos (few)
dlongo - longo (long)
breywis - breve (short)
tenwis - tênue (thin)
fëmana - feminina (feminine)
mater - mãe (mother)
pater - pai (father)
anamalis - animal (animal)
piskis - peixe (fish)
awis - ave (bird)
ko - cão (dog)
folyom - folha (leaf)
flos - flor (flower)
sangwen - sangue (blood)
os - osso (bone)
owon - ovo (egg)
kauda - cauda (tail)
manus - mão (hand)
pektos - peitos (breats
among others in the video
And video?
I recognise the modern Irish form of the huge majority of these words.
Fascinating.
sério? por isso que sabendo português é fácil entender a maior parte das pronúncias do Galês e latim. Muito interessante.
It's cool to see a surprisingly large amount of words which still mean the same thing in modern Irish. Like PC *trommos still survives as 'trom' (heavy), *blātus still means flower as 'bláth', *krokkeno- as 'craiceann' (skin), *knāmis as 'cnámh' (bone), *srognā as 'srón' (nose), *glūnos as 'glúin' (knee), *ɸlāmā as 'lámh' (hand), *snā- as 'snámh' (swim), etc. Body parts seem especially reluctant to shift semantically.
Yes, i was waiting for it
You are an underrated channel you need more subscribers and do more ancient languages
Hey, I appreciate you man. Thank you🙏🙏
Yes, Celtic and Italic are closely related while Balto-Slavic and Germanic are another pair called “Balto-Slavo-Germanic”
What? The germanic and slavic languages aren't similar
No because slavo baltim are setam and germanic centum
@@maxienzo5893 Not now, but as one goes back in time the languages become more and more akin, until the branches merge back into PIE.
It stands to reason that the different language families were more alike, further in the past.
I've seen claims that Thracian might have been related to Balto-Slavic
@@stariyczedun I've seen too, they might be closer to Baltic Languages
In the Comasco / Ticinese dialect, a variant of the Lombard, in Italy, dog is said exactly as in the video, Ko. 2.18
Is it a coincidence, or do some of the words in the "Proto-Celtic" resemble many words in modern-day descendants of "Proto-Italic", and vice versa?
Most Gallo-Romance Languages inherit large quantities of Celtic words. Also, colloquial latin words may have resembled Celtic words further.
Possibly by conflation and similar etymology.
Like evil/bad was "malos" in Proto-Italic, but confusion/destruction was "mellos" in Proto-Celtic. Those are similar, and they are etymologically related.
They're both immediate offshoots of PIE. It is also hypothesized that they may have split off from a more recent Italo-Celtic branch of the Indo-European family as well.
I love your language videos ~
As a portuguese speaker i can understand most off these words even after all this time
Good one guys
I love you =) You have solved a great problem for me. Now I know what I need to know about the Kelts and the history of the Brits.
I like your comperson. Would you make the same with proto iranian and proto Slavic.
Good Video)
7:41 Im spanish and “putos” got me laughing hard
Some celtic words is related with slavic. Like krowos (blood) - krov (russian), woltos (hair) - volos (rus), snigyo (snow) - sneg (rus). Although slavic language are still more connections with Italic.
So, it is really possible that Protoceltic and Protoitalic were offspring of Celto-Italic language which was offspring of Protoindoeuropean.
Yup, at least to me due to the similarities in the protos
Are Germanic languages relating to that group? Or are they closer to Balto-Slavs?
@@user-zq5zg9qd6e I think Germanic is closer to Balto-Slavic
@Nomen viteliù that is this world, all of these language substrates and superstrates (mostly germanic languages) plus vulgar latin resulted in the creation of our regional languages, from furlan to siciliano, sardo to barese
@@user-zq5zg9qd6e if you ask me Germanic is probably closer to Italo-Celtic. Balto-Slavic is much more conservative. Although the likely possibility is that they all split off from each other around the same time
Speaking of Celtic and Italic languages, what happened to the Piedmontese video? It was cool!
I wonder if the Romans were aware that their language was related to neighboring Celtic languages. There would probably be enough similarities that some people would have noticed.
Don't quote me on it but I have heard that Caesar communicated with his commanders in Greek, as they noticed that at the start of the campaign the Celts could understand their orders shouted in Latin and counter them, also since Greek split off from the other Indo-European languages fairly early it wasn't as similar.
It is speculated that one of the reasons why most of modern western Europe speaks languages derived from Latin is because the transition from Celtic to Latin was quite simple when compared to other parts of the Roman Empire where other languages were spoken.
@@HeAndrRoiz It's correct
@@HeAndrRoiz What about romanians? What about Sicilia? Sicilia was manly greek. I don't even mention african latin wich became extinct.
@@alexandrutita4850 first ancient sicilian population were Sicels that came from the area of Latium. theire language was very close to latin (some study say that they were the same population because sicels were in Rome Area much more time before latins)...after went greeks but Sicily always manteined its language indipendence (expecially in the center of the island).
I understood some words which look like Portuguese.
Many words still live in Portuguese from proto italic. Incredible.
Yep, any romance language speaker will see the same similarities.....
Tha Gàidhlig agam and I am seeing the links between the words. Remros > reamhar, trummos > trom, bikkos > beag, gdonyos > duine, kū > cù, sīlom > sìol, knāmis > cnàmh, woltos > falt, kloustā > cluas, srognā > sròn, koxsā > cas, glūnos > glùn, bolgos > bolg, kīkos > cìoch, salanos > salann, dergos > dearg. And so many others.
ooo! thanks!
Yes! Another quite wanted comparison, given I am moreover a supporter of the notion of these two proto-languages being related.
They are related. Both come from Proto-Indo European.
Aðelewulf I know, but more specifically that I have direct familial history with both Celtic via Pictish and Irish, and Italic via Sicilian, so comparing and having a speakable proto language, albeit hypothetical, that would be great.
Very good 👍👍👍
Love the word for Celtic rain "wolkos"
I believe thats how the german word for cloud "Wolke" was formed
The German is from Proto-Germanic wulkanaz, whence also English 'welkin', from Old English 'wolcen'.
I can see similarities of proto italic and proto celtic to Sanskrit too.
Could you do a comparison of proto Greek with proto Italic? Also a comparison of proto Indo-Iranian with proto Balto-Slavic?
Lovely! One thing that sometimes bugs me tho: would it be possible to cite whose reconstruction is used? With indo-european languages this perhaps isn't particularly significant, but other proto-languages may be more controversial.
Same that kind of information would be much appreciated.
To be honest, I couldn't even tell the difference in the beginning
There's also a Latin verb "edere" for "to eat" that's obviously more related to the Celtic cognate than "manducare", which actually means something closer to "to masticate". As for "and", Latin could do it with either "et" between words, or using "-que" as a suffix added to the first word - hence famous SPQR: Senatus Populus-Que Romae(the senate and the people of Rome). Those were the 2 most glaring mistakes I saw, had to dislike due to lack of proper research
Cool vid, could you make Proto Baltic and Proto Indo-Iranian comparison?
@God Bless The Internet No, Proto Balitc and Proto Indo-Iranian, Aryan and Iranian are just the same family and I want to compare it to baltic language (lithuanian and latvian)..
@@internetexplorerchan2697 Proto-Baltic and Proto-Slavic come from Proto-Balto-Slavic. It would be more appropriate to compare Proto-Balto-Slavic to Proto-Indo-Iranian since they are both top level divisions.
Please make a film in Sumerian language as well.
Cool!
Well...just learned that the word for bone was the same in french and proto-italic.
French is a descendant of Proto-Italic
@@caraxes_noodleboi I know, just surprised the word has remained unchanged for more than 2 000 years
Interesting
Isn't Ligurian also disputivley Italo-Celtic?
Krovos (blood) in Celtic is similar like in Slavic languages (krov). As well as Woltos (hair) in Celtic is like "volos" (hair) in Slavic.
Proto-Celtic 70% Proto-Italian 30% close to Slavic. IMHO
It would be awesome if we could build a time machine and understand people using a reconstructed language
Note that in many modern day italic (romance) languages, Mi means my as opposed to meaning I in Celtic, and swi or something similar means his/hers.
Examples:
Spanish mi (my, me).
Romanian meu (my), mine/mie (me).
Spanish suyo (his/hers)
Romanian sau (his/hers)
Sindos, meaning this in Celtic sounds pretty similar to Spanish siendo, meaning "being" and Romanian sunt meaning I am, and Romanian suntem meaning we are.
I'm pretty sure that when two words in italic and Celtic don't sound super similar it's because it's very likely they have a similar sounding word that has just shifted meanings
Can you do the same video with Proto-Turkic and Proto-Mongolic please, it would be very interesting!
Fascinating how with proto Celtic, if you remove the suffixes, soften the consonants, you get the modern Welsh word.
Works nearly every time e.g litanos = llydan, ruskos = rhisg(l)
No more brothers wars
Yes, but only those who love freedom are brothers.
@@varalderfreyr8438 no
Nice
after a few hundred years on different sides of the alps
The "ego" is striking. Such an essential word as "I" was indeed identical in Proto-Italic, Latin and Ancient Greek (and still is the same word in Modern Greek). Sure, both Latin and Ancient Greek were pro-drop languages, but the "I" is still too essential to have been borrowed at any point. Because, literally, every child needs it pretty soon and needed it before any first cultural contacts between Greeks and Romans, too. This shows just how much nearer to their common Indo-European ancestors Greek and Latin were just slightly more than 2000 years ago.
Robert scrutton book , THE OTHER ATLANTIS ? Stated that 2 tribes of Cymri Celts migrated to the island of the white cliffs about 500 BC ?
The further back in time one goes, the more alike in sound and vocabulary these various language families are
Hi, please make Proto-Indo-Aryan. Or Proto-Indo-Iranian. Thanks
"Where" in Galician-Portuguese was "u" which could be an abbreviation for "ut" which was another for "kut" ... "Kwuts".
I really enjoy to compare with Breton words.
Many of the words were similar to homeric age greek . I think that based on this example , both are equally distant from it
A few of words vaguely similar to baltic finnic languages in proto-celtic, could be coincidental, but maybe not
cool.
How I wish hispania kept some celtic language alive
You celtic speakers take care of your beautiful language 👍😁
Why?
Well I think what this shows is that it was difficult to distinguish celtic and italic in the early days. This has been an issue forever in archaeology and history of ancient iberia because its hard to determine if a tribe was 'Celtiberian' or not but it seems the distinctions weren't that obvious.
It seems they have confused „when“ and „where“ in Proto-Italic, i.e. „kwando“ instead of „kwuthei“ and vice versa. Or am I wrong?
italic more of a basis for the words we use now
O português e o espanhol se para em mais com o proto itálico, mas o estanhol tem algumas semelhanças com o proto celta.
The portuguese end spanish seem whith proto itálico, but the spanish have more seem whith the proto Celtic.
every slav will get this ;)) 2:20
I'm Romanian, but I know exactly what you mean. "Pizdă" in Romanian means pussy :)
😂
Praindoeuropean word, lol
I wonder what song it is
very interesting how a lot of these proto celtic words ended up in a lot of "romance languages". Only natural.
Some words are almost identical in modern Italian
I assume that the Italo-Celto-Indo-Iranian languages are all a subgroup as well as the Germanic-Balto-Slavic and -Greek-Armenian languages
👍
The Celtic languages are the most conservative Indo-European languages in Europe because of there isolation from the rest of the continent. The word Sí in Italic languages evolved to mean "yes" and eventually the rest of the continent followed but in Ireland and Britain, the meaning stayed the same and the spelling and pronunciation is the only thing that changed
i too speak celto-italic
Andy my friend its time ya do a clip comparin all proto languages and all old languages with proto indo european, and compare proto indo european with proto persian and proto sanskrit my partner.
It's time to we all see the whole map of theses fundamental languages to undersntand our hodierns idioms today.
🍻🍻🍻🧁🧁🧁🥂🥂🥂🍷🍷☺☺☺☺🤗🤗🤗🤗🏆🏆🏆 hugs bro.
can you reupload the german and dutch languages?
The word for worm in proto celtic is insanely similar to the albanian word for the same thing.
"Krimb, Krimbi, Krimi"
Maybe due to the fact Celts actually were neighbours to paleo balkan people so some similarities rose.
From Italy . Umbria from Briton Cumbria ?
I'm from Serbia and the similarity between these two and Serbian is amazing...
Yes all part of the same language family indo European :)
The Hebrew word for "knife" - "sica" relating to the word sicarii, it is where we get the words scythe and sickel (what Abraham was to use on Isaac). This I believe is where the root of sic or saac comes from. In Celtic the word for knife was commonly known as a scian, as many Celtic words have a silent "th" this I believe is the same word as "scyth" or Scythian". Of course this is just the tip of the ice or Isaac-berg (the original sickel looked exactly like an icicle).
To cut in Latin also related to this as "sicario" in other Latin languages the word for hitman (with a knife) or assassin derives.
I have a question. Does the ancient Roman Empire using Proto-Italic? or the proto-Italic was so much older than the Roman Empire?
Proto-italik where is from ?
I cant find the latin video 😔
to compare modern welsh to some of these words, not all welsh words compare but a lot do E = English, W = welsh and PC = Proto Celtic
E: Dog, W: Ci, PC: Ku
E: Leaf, W: Dail, PC: Dolnya
E: Root, W: Gwraidd, PC: Wrida
E: Bark, W: Rhisgi, PC: Ruskos
E: Flower, W: Blodau, PC: Blatus
E: Fish, W: Pysgod, PC: Feskos
E: Skin, W: Croen, PC: Krokkeno
E: Meat, W: Cig, PC: Kikos
E: Bone, W: Asgwrn, PC: Astkornu
E: Horn, W: Corn, PC: Kornu
E: Hair, W: Gwallt, PC: Waltos
E: Ear, W: Clust, PC: Klousta
E: Eye, W: Llygad, PC: Lukato
E: Mouth, W: Ceg, PC: Genus
E: Teeth, W: Dannedd, PC: Dantom
E: Leg, W: Coes, PC: Koxsa
E: Wing, W: Adain, PC: Fatani
E: Belly, W: Bol, PC: Bolgos
E: Heart, W: Calon, PC: Kalonas
E Breathe, W: Anadlu, PC: Ana
E: Seeing, W: Gweld, PC: Wel-o
E: Fearing, W: Ofni, PC: Obno
E: Sleeping, W: Cysgu, PC: Kuf-sko
E: Living, W: Byw, PC: Biwo
E: Digging: W: Cloddio, PC: Kladyeti
E: Singing: W: Canu, PC: Kaneti
So what can be deduced is modern Welsh, and many of the Gaelic languages on the other side are still representing the original Brythonic or proto-celtic language very well.
In portuguese so close to both.