Jack! I am a former boat builder. My specialty was drift boats in HDPE ( High Density Polyethylene. Because of your great presentation, I am now going to build a wooden sailboat. Keep on having fun and thank you. Life is all about doing something you love to do..
Was looking for a video to show my wife that we can build a sailboat ourselves and she was surprised you wasn't a carpenter with 20 years experience, just a young man that enjoys to make things. Loved those three videos man keep up the good work and great videos we're excited to see how it sails!
It’s so inspiring to see young people going out and setting themselves on ambitious projects like this, You’re doing great, keep it up and you’ll be sailing in no time!⛵️🤟
Hi Jack Love the video. Don't know the guy in the red robe, but he is awsome!! A few words of advise here. Every time you cut a lengthy piece of wood, that be a stringer or any support structure, you are removing strength, witch means you need to put 4 times the amount of fiberglass on, in order to maintain the strength. Remember the boat is not just rocking up and down, and side to side, it also has the vind pushing on the sail. witch means you are moving i x-y and z at the same time. And also, every hole in the fairing compound is a weak spot. so triple up on the fiberglass. One last thing. Wood is thirsty, so wetting it down with resin first, then put the mat on, and resin again, will give you a stronger bond. There's no disrespect here, as we all have to start somewhere. And I like to se how you are figuring out stuff along the way. By the way, I work on a marina, in case anyone is wondering why. Best of speed. Jan.
Thanks for your advice. I’m still doing a little work on the boat so I’ll take all that I to consideration. If you’re wondering, I did add more fiberglass on all the joints and seams in the interior and any major weak point has been securely reinforced. This is the biggest and most challenging project that I’ve ever made so any advise is very helpful
@@JackWood25 He speaks true. It might be worth "tabbing" the ply sheets where they join - plane into each side of the joint and inlay some glass rather than overlay. Once you glass the strength will come from there, not the ply, but flex will be an issue and you'll find the core inside will warp and over time, your glass will too. You can find real world examples in the Lagoon 450's where this wrote off literally hundreds of boats. :) Laying up glass tabbing is tedious as f**k but definitely worth it.
I noticed you aplying filler with a putty knife. A very clean way to do it is to put it in a plastic bag, cut a corner out and squeeze it straight where you need it. I love your build, thumbs up.
Great work. Awesome seeing someone so young be so ambitious and taking on such a big project. It’s also great to see you give credit to the company you bought the plans from, and give them a free shoutout. You could have just as easily lied and said it was your own design or just not credited anyone with the design, but you didn’t which shows such Character. Keep it up!
its a going to be a great little boat ,your having the fun of building it ,then will be fun sailing it ,everything's a learning curve and the next time we do things we do it better already looking forwards to the next one
did you learn that knots in the timber strips are weak points in the timber and should not be used as they will crack. Also when glueing, you can thicken the epoxy with saw dust to create fillets or to glue timbers down. Saw dust thickened epoxy is also great for filling holes/cracks. Great to see a young man have a go at a project like this. Well done.
Thank you. At the time, I didn't realize all the problems and issue that may arise but hopefully she'll hold up over time. In the future when I build another boat, I'll put a lot more time and effort to spot out these problems. Thanks for your comment.
Excellent project. I like the design. Just a few tips. I don't believe the Total Fair is structurally satisfactory for fiberglass fillets. I love the stuff and have used it in several boat builds, but not for this application. It is also highly recommended to thicken epoxy with colloidal silica so it will fill in all the gaps between the wood members. Were there any instructions that came with your plans? It will be interesting to see how she holds up. I applaud you for pioneering your own methods. Looking forward to the next one, young man. Good job.
Thanks for all of your advice. I really appreciate it. These clips are a few months old and, back then, I didn’t do enough research so I’m trying to add some more rigidity and strength to her now. The plans were pretty vague, just describes the dimensions of each piece and we’re to put them. TH-cam has helped a lot and I hope kn the future that I can build a larger and strong boat.
I was going to comment that there was marine grade plywood, that was in response to stick and glue problem of soft gunnels and transom, if there is any void or pore it could saturate the plywood. The harsh angles make it look more like a materials test, since they would contribute to drag.
I can't wait to see this fantastic project launch, don't be afraid to use epoxy and fiberglass on the stringers, [the skinny bits of wood] particularly the bottom ones, when fitting the sides, the extra weight will be worth it in the long run.
You may not know all the jargon, like stem, and sheer clamp, and chine log, but you're industrious. Your work is looking good. I think I'm going to subscribe, I like what you're doing.
Awesome work. Hint: At 12:28 you were cutting the single strip into sections so as to not disturb the curve of the bottom wood. An alternate way to do that is to make a series (couple dozen evenly spaced) of cuts about 1/2 to 2/3rds the way through the strip (on the side that would be considered the "inside" of the curve you are trying to make.) This would look like a comb from the side view, and it would allow the strip to bend as much as you need to match the existing curve without changing its camber.
Fiberglass doesn’t like to be at a 90* angle. Best fair every joint you intend to lay over. This way the glass will lay over a radius it will be a strong joint this way. Chive on! Great build!
You're doing a great job there young man. Can't wait to see more progress. When you are doing fillets, if you use a silicon kitchen spatula to smooth them you will get a better finish and the fiberglass won't stick to the silicon and you can peel it off when it cures. You can also make scrapers out of pieces of sheet plastic like plastic 'For Sale' signs, etc. Forge ahead, you are going to have a nice little craft there.
looking good!..one thing though....put some filler in your epoxy when gluing anything together.....it stops it from bleeding out of the join and helps with a strong join....micro balloons is best but saw dust works good too !!
U can also bend the wood strips by cutting the strips with a Circular saw a bunch of times to make gaps so u can bend it as well, but other than that ur doing a great job.
Subbing to follow your progress on this and your next boat. I won't go into the things that could have been done better, as I see plenty of others have already mentioned them. I know you'll do a much better job on the next one! Well done for giving this a shot!
Thank you! This is by far not my best or perfect project. Been learning a lot along the way and I now know what I have to do for the next one. My goal is to build one twice as big or a catamaran in the future.
Production tolerances - will the product work as intended - float? The word 'better' and 'different' are not interchangeable. When thing are "the way that they were intended to be", that is perfect - and therefore one would logically determine what? If the boat floats, it is perfect. I am watching a perfect boat emerge, plank by plank, because it will float.
@@victorboucher675 - You're asking the wrong question. It's not "Will it float?" The correct question is "How much heavy weather can it handle before it falls apart?" There are a good number of serious structural weaknesses in this build. But if Jack keeps that in mind and sails it conservatively, it will be an excellent boat to learn to sail on.
Dennis is right.. Fairing compound is for finishing, not building... thickened epoxy with colloidal silica / micro balloons then epoxy/fiberglass is what you need for structural stuff.
You can use better something like glass bubbels or cotton fibers or stewatix for the fillet application Ans laminiate over IT when they are still tacky in That way you get An chemical band
Um I think you should be using s/steel or brass strews nails will work their way loose with the twisting the stronger your frame is the better but hey your doing a great job of building a lot of young fellas don't get to do so congrats
Young one. I am very proud of you, you have some skills, but maybe next time, talk to a boat builder or read a book about stitch and glue boat building. Can't wait to see this in the water. But please don't sail this out of protective waters. The materials are sub standard.
i recommend a product called MICRO BALLONS for fairing , and thickening epoxy to glue and fill minor voids, there are specific GLUE powders , but Micro Ballons work well , mix to consistency of smooth peanut butter,. i hope you are using either MONEL< or SILICON BRONZE boat nails , normal steel nails' will rust , moisture will eventually get to them. your lower CHINE , were the bottom meets the side , should not be in pieces , this is a structural timber it should be 1 piece, or laminated from 2 thinner pieces for strength. for a first effort your not doing too bad , however i suggest you might read a couple of books on boat building , they will give you more insight into the build as this is the easy bit,. i have built several ply on frame and stitch and glue boats so have some knowledge on the subject. good luck i will follow your progress on utube .'cheers from Australia
Thanks for all of your advice! She isn't perfect and there are a ton of issue that may cause problems in the future but I've learned so much from you and other commenters. Hopefully in the future, I'll b e able to build a bigger and better boat.
Watching this (I don't have the plans) I would venture the "brads" and not structural but for bonding alignment and that this in truth would be an epoxy fiber matt/woven cloth hull with wood reinforcement - think proper American hand laid glass boats (Catalina) were the balsa filler was well, filler. But - I betting on the kid - with out knowing for sure - that he uses a trailer - like smooth bottom/lead free - and osmosis will not seriously impact the designed service life of this vessel.
I am enjoying watching you build your boat but some areas of the boat are looking very narrow as far as access to the areas is concerned through the bulkheads. Maybe I just need to see more of the framing. Great job otherwise of building and the explanations of what and why you are doing certain things.
Kudos to this young man for taking on this worthwhile project. But as someone who has also built a plywood sailboat about the same size, and is currently doing a restoration on another, I'm somewhat dismayed to see such poor quality materials being used. All those knots will reduce strength and cause un-fair curves, the low grade plywood will be more prone to leaks and rot. And the lumber looks like typical construction grade hem-fir, which will also want to rot and is less strong than woods suitable for boat building. As high as prices have become for construction grade lumber and plywood, it no longer makes as much difference in cost to upgrade to the better marine grade woods. Considering the many hours in labor that goes in to such a project, it is unwise to go cheapskate on materials.
Used to paint cars ... true true. I think this one is mostly epoxy - and like a collage education - learning has costs - and when is is a labor of love, it becomes a flow of endless joy.
Nothing good? Really? It looks like he has absorbed a heck of a lot of knowledge for a young guy, albeit on a budget. Also, this project IS a model. Obviously throway as a learning exercise.
Jack! I am a former boat builder. My specialty was drift boats in HDPE ( High Density Polyethylene. Because of your great presentation, I am now going to build a wooden sailboat. Keep on having fun and thank you. Life is all about doing something you love to do..
That's Great! Love to hear that you'll be starting a boat project.
Epic project most people never finish but it looks like your still going to finish it can’t wait to watch the other eps
Please get push sticks. Your table saw fingers are more valuable than a scrap wood or plastic.
I can't wait to see how this finishes.
Yes.
Was looking for a video to show my wife that we can build a sailboat ourselves and she was surprised you wasn't a carpenter with 20 years experience, just a young man that enjoys to make things. Loved those three videos man keep up the good work and great videos we're excited to see how it sails!
It’s so inspiring to see young people going out and setting themselves on ambitious projects like this, You’re doing great, keep it up and you’ll be sailing in no time!⛵️🤟
Hi Jack
Love the video. Don't know the guy in the red robe, but he is awsome!!
A few words of advise here.
Every time you cut a lengthy piece of wood, that be a stringer or any support structure, you are removing strength, witch means you need to put 4 times the amount of fiberglass on, in order to maintain the strength. Remember the boat is not just rocking up and down, and side to side, it also has the vind pushing on the sail. witch means you are moving i x-y and z at the same time.
And also, every hole in the fairing compound is a weak spot. so triple up on the fiberglass.
One last thing. Wood is thirsty, so wetting it down with resin first, then put the mat on, and resin again, will give you a stronger bond.
There's no disrespect here, as we all have to start somewhere. And I like to se how you are figuring out stuff along the way.
By the way, I work on a marina, in case anyone is wondering why.
Best of speed.
Jan.
Thanks for your advice. I’m still doing a little work on the boat so I’ll take all that I to consideration. If you’re wondering, I did add more fiberglass on all the joints and seams in the interior and any major weak point has been securely reinforced. This is the biggest and most challenging project that I’ve ever made so any advise is very helpful
@@JackWood25 He speaks true. It might be worth "tabbing" the ply sheets where they join - plane into each side of the joint and inlay some glass rather than overlay. Once you glass the strength will come from there, not the ply, but flex will be an issue and you'll find the core inside will warp and over time, your glass will too. You can find real world examples in the Lagoon 450's where this wrote off literally hundreds of boats. :)
Laying up glass tabbing is tedious as f**k but definitely worth it.
I noticed you aplying filler with a putty knife. A very clean way to do it is to put it in a plastic bag, cut a corner out and squeeze it straight where you need it. I love your build, thumbs up.
Great work. Awesome seeing someone so young be so ambitious and taking on such a big project. It’s also great to see you give credit to the company you bought the plans from, and give them a free shoutout. You could have just as easily lied and said it was your own design or just not credited anyone with the design, but you didn’t which shows such Character. Keep it up!
great to see you go for such an ambitious project. I took boat building in vocational school. I am sure you learned a lot from doing this project.
I have. It's not perfect in any way but I've learned a lot.
So impressed with this project! Cant way to see it finished
Thanks so much! Should be finished by this summer with plenty of videos coming as well.
Yes me too.
3:40 Sheeeeesh! Even Hugh Hefner came down from heaven to help!
Haha
its a going to be a great little boat ,your having the fun of building it ,then will be fun sailing it ,everything's a learning curve and the next time we do things we do it better already looking forwards to the next one
did you learn that knots in the timber strips are weak points in the timber and should not be used as they will crack. Also when glueing, you can thicken the epoxy with saw dust to create fillets or to glue timbers down. Saw dust thickened epoxy is also great for filling holes/cracks. Great to see a young man have a go at a project like this. Well done.
Thank you. At the time, I didn't realize all the problems and issue that may arise but hopefully she'll hold up over time. In the future when I build another boat, I'll put a lot more time and effort to spot out these problems. Thanks for your comment.
Brother you make it look so simple . I think it’s looking good. Awesome 👍
Thank you!
Excellent project. I like the design. Just a few tips. I don't believe the Total Fair is structurally satisfactory for fiberglass fillets. I love the stuff and have used it in several boat builds, but not for this application. It is also highly recommended to thicken epoxy with colloidal silica so it will fill in all the gaps between the wood members. Were there any instructions that came with your plans? It will be interesting to see how she holds up. I applaud you for pioneering your own methods. Looking forward to the next one, young man. Good job.
Thanks for all of your advice. I really appreciate it. These clips are a few months old and, back then, I didn’t do enough research so I’m trying to add some more rigidity and strength to her now. The plans were pretty vague, just describes the dimensions of each piece and we’re to put them. TH-cam has helped a lot and I hope kn the future that I can build a larger and strong boat.
I was going to comment that there was marine grade plywood, that was in response to stick and glue problem of soft gunnels and transom, if there is any void or pore it could saturate the plywood. The harsh angles make it look more like a materials test, since they would contribute to drag.
I can't wait to see this fantastic project launch, don't be afraid to use epoxy and fiberglass on the stringers, [the skinny bits of wood] particularly the bottom ones, when fitting the sides, the extra weight will be worth it in the long run.
Have plenty of videos coming out in the future and don’t worry, in the next few videos, all the stringers do get reinforced.
So happy to see your progress. I’m watching your build and Ocean Capable Small Sailboat. Wishing you both best of luck. Thank you sir.
Thank you. Hoping to be on the water around early June
You may not know all the jargon, like stem, and sheer clamp, and chine log, but you're industrious. Your work is looking good. I think I'm going to subscribe, I like what you're doing.
Thank you. I know that this project isn’t perfect nor the best but I’m slowly learning along the way.
@@JackWood25 you're doing great. I wish I could get my nephew interested in doing something like this.
Double reef?
Well done you, not many young men your age could pull this off x
Thank you. Hopefully this’ll inspire some others to do the same
Awesome work. Hint: At 12:28 you were cutting the single strip into sections so as to not disturb the curve of the bottom wood. An alternate way to do that is to make a series (couple dozen evenly spaced) of cuts about 1/2 to 2/3rds the way through the strip (on the side that would be considered the "inside" of the curve you are trying to make.) This would look like a comb from the side view, and it would allow the strip to bend as much as you need to match the existing curve without changing its camber.
I am writing from Turkey too, very good work, I hope it will continue
The strips of wood that tie the bulkheads together are called stringers. Don't forget gussets and knees.
Great project. Good luck with your build.
Thanks! Hopefully she’ll be on the water by early June
Brilliant work mate…. This is inspirational to all of us old boaties…..
I’m glad it is. Have lots of boat projects for the future
I wish my kids had this type of ambition.
Nicely done.....great to see a young dude build stuff.
So cool to see the motivation you have life is what you make out of it and your making it awesome 👍👍
Fiberglass doesn’t like to be at a 90* angle. Best fair every joint you intend to lay over. This way the glass will lay over a radius it will be a strong joint this way. Chive on! Great build!
Thanks for the advice. Will definitely u for future projects
Hope you have some fun after all your work. Don't expect a long life from a boat built from construction grade plywood.
13 minutes some theres a knot in one the wood strips awesome job though so cool
I know, since then, it’s been reinforced and taken care of. Now it’s pretty strong and covered with fiberglass
I'm so glad you posted this update, because I was anxiously waiting to see your progress. 👍
There are about 5 more videos in the editing process right now. I'm trying to get them out as fast as possible.
You're doing a great job there young man. Can't wait to see more progress. When you are doing fillets, if you use a silicon kitchen spatula to smooth them you will get a better finish and the fiberglass won't stick to the silicon and you can peel it off when it cures. You can also make scrapers out of pieces of sheet plastic like plastic 'For Sale' signs, etc. Forge ahead, you are going to have a nice little craft there.
Wow, congrats on all the views in this series! I really like the music in this one.
Glad you enjoy it!
I'm so glad I came across this channel, looking good so far.👍😎
congrats on your build well done !
Thank you!
I shared your video to my social media, and you've already gotten two repost. You're doing good son. Good luck.
Thank you so much!
Great work thanks for the video very entertaining
looking good!..one thing though....put some filler in your epoxy when gluing anything together.....it stops it from bleeding out of the join and helps with a strong join....micro balloons is best but saw dust works good too !!
Thanks for your advice. Will defiantly do in the future.
you are doing an awesome job looking forward to the next video ⛵⛵⛵
U can also bend the wood strips by cutting the strips with a Circular saw a bunch of times to make gaps so u can bend it as well, but other than that ur doing a great job.
Thanks for he tip!
Glue lam the thing bent over a jib in a pressure chamber ...
Print it on a 3D printer ...
some 'interesting' construction methods, hope it holds together for you
Great work mate looks like your doing a awesome job 👌 👏
I'm so looking forward to seeing the next episode- well done and all of the very best! 👏
Nice job brother!!
Btw i love ur fishing rod thats all look very strong
This is awesome !
I just subscribed to your channel 🙂
Thank you!
good progress...well done too
Thank you!
8:38 Never just hammer a nail in at the end of a board without first drilling a pilot hole. The wood will nearly always split if you don't drill.
Subbing to follow your progress on this and your next boat.
I won't go into the things that could have been done better, as I see plenty of others have already mentioned them. I know you'll do a much better job on the next one!
Well done for giving this a shot!
Thank you! This is by far not my best or perfect project. Been learning a lot along the way and I now know what I have to do for the next one. My goal is to build one twice as big or a catamaran in the future.
Production tolerances - will the product work as intended - float?
The word 'better' and 'different' are not interchangeable.
When thing are "the way that they were intended to be", that is perfect - and therefore one would logically determine what? If the boat floats, it is perfect. I am watching a perfect boat emerge, plank by plank, because it will float.
@@victorboucher675 - You're asking the wrong question. It's not "Will it float?"
The correct question is "How much heavy weather can it handle before it falls apart?"
There are a good number of serious structural weaknesses in this build. But if Jack keeps that in mind and sails it conservatively, it will be an excellent boat to learn to sail on.
how long dose it take for that green fairing goop to set?
The lateral strips are called stringers.
where did you get the paper of the boat?
I also want to make it
Dennis is right.. Fairing compound is for finishing, not building... thickened epoxy with colloidal silica / micro balloons then epoxy/fiberglass is what you need for structural stuff.
Thickened epoxy for fillets would be better/stronger than fairing compound.
Thanks for the advice. Will surely do in the future. Still new to boat building
And little gussets every 6" would be even better.
And Kevlar ...
Depending on what you’re doing with the Fiberglass it would be very important to use a mask and thicker gloves.
Love the Project!
When I fiberglassed the entire boat, that video is coming out in a little bit, I do wear a mask and better protection.
You can use better something like glass bubbels or cotton fibers or stewatix for the fillet application Ans laminiate over IT when they are still tacky in That way you get An chemical band
Thanks for the tip!
Awesome
Look like PINE a soft wood you couldn't steam them make small jig to create 5he arc curve bend etc
Um I think you should be using s/steel or brass strews nails will work their way loose with the twisting the stronger your frame is the better but hey your doing a great job of building a lot of young fellas don't get to do so congrats
Bronze screws best for wooden boats. Brass last 3 months in salt water.
Oh yes my mistake Bronze
Thanks for the tip! Will definitely use brass strews for future projects.
My bad sorry I should have said Bronze not Brass
@@glennjaggard7065 You’re good. I knew what you meant.
Young one.
I am very proud of you, you have some skills, but maybe next time, talk to a boat builder or read a book about stitch and glue boat building.
Can't wait to see this in the water.
But please don't sail this out of protective waters.
The materials are sub standard.
i recommend a product called MICRO BALLONS for fairing , and thickening epoxy to glue and fill minor voids, there are specific GLUE powders , but Micro Ballons work well , mix to consistency of smooth peanut butter,.
i hope you are using either MONEL< or SILICON BRONZE boat nails , normal steel nails' will rust , moisture will eventually get to them.
your lower CHINE , were the bottom meets the side , should not be in pieces , this is a structural timber it should be 1 piece, or laminated from 2 thinner pieces for strength.
for a first effort your not doing too bad , however i suggest you might read a couple of books on boat building , they will give you more insight into the build as this is the easy bit,.
i have built several ply on frame and stitch and glue boats so have some knowledge on the subject.
good luck i will follow your progress on utube
.'cheers from
Australia
Thanks for all of your advice! She isn't perfect and there are a ton of issue that may cause problems in the future but I've learned so much from you and other commenters. Hopefully in the future, I'll b e able to build a bigger and better boat.
Watching this (I don't have the plans) I would venture the "brads" and not structural but for bonding alignment and that this in truth would be an epoxy fiber matt/woven cloth hull with wood reinforcement - think proper American hand laid glass boats (Catalina) were the balsa filler was well, filler.
But - I betting on the kid - with out knowing for sure - that he uses a trailer - like smooth bottom/lead free - and osmosis will not seriously impact the designed service life of this vessel.
I am enjoying watching you build your boat but some areas of the boat are looking very narrow as far as access to the areas is concerned through the bulkheads. Maybe I just need to see more of the framing. Great job otherwise of building and the explanations of what and why you are doing certain things.
Right now, I working or reinforcing the interior with some more wood and thickened epoxy.
I want to build a boat now ,too
Love it. I’m going to be marking another boat series in the future for less than $100
Yep.
Yay finally 😬
Хорошо . почему не сделал продольные ребра из фанеры ... было бы в разы крепче в разы
когда он стрингера на много частей распилил - я все таки заплакал. ((((
Hello, can you send me the dimensions of the boat?
Why didn't you use liquid fillets instead of fairing compound? It would add to stiffness
Becaseu liquid would just run away before curing. Fairing compound IS just thickened "liquid"
@@dnomyarnostaw dude...
@@pironiero huh?
@@dnomyarnostaw just....go watch this video, you clearly have no clue what im talking about...th-cam.com/video/jApI_YXDeGQ/w-d-xo.html
@@dnomyarnostaw or this one, its even better th-cam.com/video/yDoauHaOfBQ/w-d-xo.html
PT4?
In the works!
@15:20 Push Sticks dude.
Kudos to this young man for taking on this worthwhile project. But as someone who has also built a plywood sailboat about the same size, and is currently doing a restoration on another, I'm somewhat dismayed to see such poor quality materials being used. All those knots will reduce strength and cause un-fair curves, the low grade plywood will be more prone to leaks and rot. And the lumber looks like typical construction grade hem-fir, which will also want to rot and is less strong than woods suitable for boat building. As high as prices have become for construction grade lumber and plywood, it no longer makes as much difference in cost to upgrade to the better marine grade woods. Considering the many hours in labor that goes in to such a project, it is unwise to go cheapskate on materials.
His next boat will be marine grade ply. This is good practice ☺
Used to paint cars ... true true.
I think this one is mostly epoxy - and like a collage education - learning has costs - and when is is a labor of love, it becomes a flow of endless joy.
umhum ok!
Bro you have to fillet those joints before you put fiberglass in it.
I know, didn't do enough research before hand.
الناس في ديارهم يصنعو بابور باللوح و لكولا و حنا مازلنا ما نلقاوش في بلادنا بلاد الهم كولا شابا نتاع صباط هههههه
bravo pierrot 86 ans paris f
اول موجه تقابلك ستحطم لعبتك الصغيرة هههههههههههههههه
you use low quality wood sheets.
no no no ....nothing good here. research ,study up, build models.
I did and tried. You can’t expect your first boat build to be perfect
Nothing good? Really? It looks like he has absorbed a heck of a lot of knowledge for a young guy, albeit on a budget. Also, this project IS a model. Obviously throway as a learning exercise.