How Did Life Arise from Increasing Entropy?
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 20 พ.ค. 2024
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REFERENCES
AA video on Entropy, Time & Information: • The Stunning link betw...
AA video on Why Entropy & Time move only one way: • The Startling Reason E...
Jeremy England Paper: tinyurl.com/p97sxmh
Dissipate Adaptation article: tinyurl.com/2a4q5clc
CHAPTERS
0:00 Life and Entropy intro
1:21 Intro to Planet Wild
1:50 How can low entropy life exist with increasing entropy?
4:49 How life increases entropy
6:50 How can evolution exist with increasing entropy?
8:41 How could life have arisen in a universe with increasing entropy?
15:19 Join Planet Wild if you want to take action
SUMMARY
The second law of thermodynamics states that overall entropy of any isolated system can never decrease. Entropy is a measure of the disorder in a system (roughly). However, living things don’t seem to follow this rule. So how could life exist in a universe with increasing entropy? How can complexity and order arise from increasing disorder?
An isolated system is one where energy and mass cannot come in nor leak out. Entropy quantifies the number of ways in which the microscopic components of a system can be arranged while still producing the same macroscopic behavior.
Note that the law states TOTAL entropy of an isolated system. It is possible for a system to undergo a decrease in entropy locally, but this must be compensated by an even greater increase in entropy elsewhere in the isolated system, or its surroundings. So for example, the refrigerator in your home decreases the entropy of the food stored inside it but it gives off heat which increases the entropy of the kitchen.
Similarly, human beings consume low entropy food, and turn it into high entropy waste in the form of heat and waste products. Also plants consume low entropy ultraviolet light from the sun, and turn it into high entropy heat energy. Living things excel at taking in energy from outside their own system or body and using it to decrease their own entropy, but by doing so, they are increasing the total entropy in the larger system.
Some argue that the law of entropy violates evolution, because organisms tend to evolve into more complex species. Evolution does not violate the second law because earth is not a closed system. It is bathed in the energy of the sun. And the sun drives evolution.
How did life could begin on earth in the first place? A lot of pieces of the puzzle have been found, but the puzzle has not been solved yet. Although the TOTAL entropy of a system has to increase with time, this doesn’t mean the entropy of every single piece within the system has to increase.
The sun is turning low entropy matter into high entropy heat and radiation. On earth the second law was not violated when various chemicals and elements naturally combine to form larger more complex molecules. Organic molecules have not only been found on earth but also in interstellar gases and throughout the galaxy. So their formation is not unusual. These are the precursors to more complex biological molecules. And the second law need not be violated when complex biological molecules combine to form the primordial structures required for life.
There is a school of thought that low entropy from stars like the sun are driving the universe towards life.
Why? Because living things are very good at causing disorder around them. Taking this idea further, American Physicist Jeremy England has developed a hypothesis of the physics of the origins of life, called "dissipation-driven adaptation."
He theorizes that random groups of molecules can self-organize to more efficiently absorb and dissipate heat from the environment. He has developed a mathematical formula showing that when a group of molecules is driven by an external energy source, like the sun, and surrounded by a heat bath, like the earth’s ocean or atmosphere, it will tend to restructure itself to dissipate more energy.
A whirlpool and tornadoes form spontaneously forms in a fluid in order to dissipate the energy. His formula shows that the more likely evolutionary outcomes are going to be the ones that absorbed and dissipated more energy from the environment. Even reproduction is a mechanism by which a system might dissipate an increasing amount of energy.
#entropy
Life is good at dissipating energy, so maybe it is favored in nature. - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
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Guys I highly recommend this if you want to take ACTION: Protect our planet and subscribe to Planet Wild as a member, click the following link: planetwild.com/arvinash/join
If you just want to check out their work and better understand what they’re doing, check out their most recent video about how to stop wildfires as a civilian planetwild.com/arvinash/6
Why should we "save the planet" if it's entropy is getting higher?
@@N73B60 For the same reason you exercise even though you are getting older. It helps reduce your suffering as your body gets weaker, and helps you live a few years longer.
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❤A few years ago the fallen
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No the scientist were gathered for another reason. When God flooded the world because of the Giants breath was hurting his angels. Gods last act before leaving was flood an leave. 10 giants were flash froze and the fallen Angels needed help bringing them back. Success the thin line chemtrails are true giants breath. I stopped that to no more chemtrails
We always been the prey
Those that rejects the power not the god will enter trials and tribulation
@@raya.p.l5919 "Tonight at 11 05 eastren I will prove Jesus power. "
Okay, have Jesus/God turn me into a pillar of salt. If I am not a pillar of salt tomorrow, I will report back here that you failed.
C
@@TonyTigerTonyTiger for yr reply foot I will also receive Jesus healing energy all old aches and pains will be washed away
Takes 30 minutes ( best to relax and shut yr eyes). Read my post salt man is no more . Universal rule keep what you kill . Didn't want that power. But by morning u will be 7 years younger. But u have to reply in yr mind yes for that.
As a biologist who loves physics, this was truly the clearest and most useful video on the topic of entropy I’ve seen to date. Thank you Arvin! 😊
agreed
Doesn't life, especially microbial life, break down matter more efficiently than non-life, natural processes? And, if that's true, wouldn't that mean that life, at least on Earth, is actually increasing entropy, even though this planet isn't a closed system?
@@andrew12bravo21there's nothing that states entropy can't be localised or must be spread evenly throughout the system. Now, life does increase the overall entropy, but that's offset by additional energy being infused from a different part of the same system. Ironically that energy is also the the waste from entropy from another part of the system.
@@nunyabisnass1141 life as i know it is the fight against entropy, that said, life increases entropy in it surrounding environment. Not unlike a refrigerator.
@@s700wattsyoung8 ok, and how does one relate to the other?
Entropy doesn't *have to* increase. It's just far, far, far more statistically likely to increase rather than decrease, because there are so many more "disordered" states than "ordered" states.
That’s actually circular logic unless you can physically define an order-disorder measure without referring to entropy.
That's because that is the description of entropy in classical physics, not the description of entropy in quantum physics.
An easier way for most people to think about it is this - Entropy in the universe will increase. As long as this is the case, locally you can have pockets of low entropy. Just as long as the "disorder" or complexity overall is increasing.
Of course this does not work so well when describing a system that must, at some point, reorder itself or already *had* reordered itself. And for that your explanation is a much better fit. But people have trouble wrapping their heads around that idea and fortunately none of us will be around for that anyway.
The question is: will entropy of system without life increase less then entropy of system with life or is same. My and Schrødingers idea is that life reduses entropy in close system, any comments.
@@zbigniewprzedpelski7221 life increase entropy in closed system to reduce her own entropy
This channel is answering all my questions I had during my physics classes in school that my teacher couldn't.❤
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Subgroups are dual to subfields -- the Galois correspondence.
Yin is dual to yang.
Thesis (bacteria) is dual to anti-thesis (archaea) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (eukarya) -- The time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Clockwise (Krebs cycle, mammals) is dual to anti-clockwise (the reverse Krebs cycle, plants).
Bi-stability implies duality.
Multi cellular life is synthesized from single cell life via the Hegelian dialectic -- the duality of the Krebs cycle.
Male (thesis) is dual to female (anti-thesis) synthesizes children or offspring.
The Hegelian dialectic explains why there are two dual sexes in nature.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The Krebs energy cycle is dual as energy is duality, duality is energy.
Vectors are dual to co vectors (forms).
Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality.
Entropy = average information.
Syntropy = average mutual or co information.
Duality creates reality!
th-cam.com/video/RrCzYu3hs68/w-d-xo.html
Wow what do you do? This is very interesting
This is the best explanation of entropy that I've come across. For the first time I think I “get it.” Well done!
th-cam.com/video/RrCzYu3hs68/w-d-xo.html
Very nicely explained with animations.
th-cam.com/video/RrCzYu3hs68/w-d-xo.html
First learned about entropy when studying engineering and 'heat engines'. All heat engines must reject some heat as part of their cycles. So in a sense, heat engines work on an 'entropy gradient', as energy flows from low entropy form to a higher entropy form.
Then one day I had a 'light bulb moment' when I realized that all of life does the same thing. I would say that all forms of life 'live' on similar energy flowing gradients, taking in energy in a low entropy form, using some to maintain/ grow, and rejecting some energy to a higher entropy 'sink'.
this is the perfect description of what entropy is and does. I wish I had such a teacher.
th-cam.com/video/RrCzYu3hs68/w-d-xo.html
This is easily one of the best videos I've watched explaining Entropy. I think there is a cognitive dissonance created by the words "order" and "disorder" that is better explained by the term "complexity" as you did in the video.
In any ordered or disordered location, no laws of nature are being violated at any time. So, from that standpoint, the "order" is equal, though the "local complexity" can be quite different. The term "disorder" only adds to the complexity of understanding "Entropy." 😉
Yes! Now it's time for a complete video of "complexity" definition!!
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Subgroups are dual to subfields -- the Galois correspondence.
Yin is dual to yang.
Thesis (bacteria) is dual to anti-thesis (archaea) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (eukarya) -- The time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Clockwise (Krebs cycle, mammals) is dual to anti-clockwise (the reverse Krebs cycle, plants).
Bi-stability implies duality.
Multi cellular life is synthesized from single cell life via the Hegelian dialectic -- the duality of the Krebs cycle.
Male (thesis) is dual to female (anti-thesis) synthesizes children or offspring.
The Hegelian dialectic explains why there are two dual sexes in nature.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The Krebs energy cycle is dual as energy is duality, duality is energy.
Vectors are dual to co vectors (forms).
Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality.
Entropy = average information.
Syntropy = average mutual or co information.
Duality creates reality!
Cognitive dissonance is when you see evidence that doesn’t fit your narrative and you simply don’t believe the evidence.
th-cam.com/video/RrCzYu3hs68/w-d-xo.html
@@mikekolokowskyisn't it telling contradictory stories, both/all of which you believe are true, the dissonance being that you don't realise the stories contradict & thus can't both be true?
Knowing one story is not true or contradicts the other, but acting as if both are true is called lieing, or denial, both active cognitive processes.
So, not ignoring contradictory evidence, rather being unaware of the contradiction?
It took a lot of enthropy to compensate for such a great, intuitive explanation!
Usually, my head's spinning after viewing topics like this on other channels, but Mr. Ash is such a great presenter, that I come away with a much better understanding of the topic.
th-cam.com/video/RrCzYu3hs68/w-d-xo.html
I'm so excited to watch this! I enjoyed so much the last video on time and entropy and was thinking about this a lot! Thank you for making this one
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Subgroups are dual to subfields -- the Galois correspondence.
Yin is dual to yang.
Thesis (bacteria) is dual to anti-thesis (archaea) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (eukarya) -- The time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Clockwise (Krebs cycle, mammals) is dual to anti-clockwise (the reverse Krebs cycle, plants).
Bi-stability implies duality.
Multi cellular life is synthesized from single cell life via the Hegelian dialectic -- the duality of the Krebs cycle.
Male (thesis) is dual to female (anti-thesis) synthesizes children or offspring.
The Hegelian dialectic explains why there are two dual sexes in nature.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The Krebs energy cycle is dual as energy is duality, duality is energy.
Vectors are dual to co vectors (forms).
Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality.
Entropy = average information.
Syntropy = average mutual or co information.
Duality creates reality!
th-cam.com/video/RrCzYu3hs68/w-d-xo.html
Really good video, simple and clear explanation
I was having some trouble understanding entropy and how it relates to life but ur vid cleared my doubts, thank uuu
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Subgroups are dual to subfields -- the Galois correspondence.
Yin is dual to yang.
Thesis (bacteria) is dual to anti-thesis (archaea) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (eukarya) -- The time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Clockwise (Krebs cycle, mammals) is dual to anti-clockwise (the reverse Krebs cycle, plants).
Bi-stability implies duality.
Multi cellular life is synthesized from single cell life via the Hegelian dialectic -- the duality of the Krebs cycle.
Male (thesis) is dual to female (anti-thesis) synthesizes children or offspring.
The Hegelian dialectic explains why there are two dual sexes in nature.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The Krebs energy cycle is dual as energy is duality, duality is energy.
Vectors are dual to co vectors (forms).
Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality.
Entropy = average information.
Syntropy = average mutual or co information.
Duality creates reality!
Best explanation videos about physics ever
entropy is really a very vague concept, in thermodynamics entropy is the dissipation of energy leading the system to balance, that is, to order, what kind of disorder are we talking about, I can’t understand
Jeremy Englands dissipative adaption research is fascinating!!
Arcing you are a fantastic teacher, thank you.
My comments increase the universe’s total entropy. My job here is done.
1: we don't know whether the universe is a closed system.
2: entropy can also stay constant, not necessarily only increase.
I know you're kind of joking, but that's an interesting question.
It's so complex I'll miss stuff, but you took energy coming in Wi-Fi and your phone's battery, and converted it into a thought, which has order to it because I understood it.
So did you actually decrease entropy in a sense? And so life itself is a decrease in entropy but can also cause a decrease in entropy, can cause an increase in entropy as well with destruction...
@ilinx the universe may not be a closed system.
But within the observable universe it is 100% fact that entropy is increasing.
@WillyKillya it may have decreased locally in my head, but as you said, the Wi-Fi gave off heat. My electrical system gave off heat, and something was burned to produce the electricity. Hell, the calories I burnt creating the thought and moving my body to type the conversation increased overall entropy.
@@chadb9270 yeah, I guess it just shows even trying to decrease entropy locally, will just increase in the larger system
What a complex subject explained in simple terms. This channel always delivers.
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Subgroups are dual to subfields -- the Galois correspondence.
Yin is dual to yang.
Thesis (bacteria) is dual to anti-thesis (archaea) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (eukarya) -- The time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Clockwise (Krebs cycle, mammals) is dual to anti-clockwise (the reverse Krebs cycle, plants).
Bi-stability implies duality.
Multi cellular life is synthesized from single cell life via the Hegelian dialectic -- the duality of the Krebs cycle.
Male (thesis) is dual to female (anti-thesis) synthesizes children or offspring.
The Hegelian dialectic explains why there are two dual sexes in nature.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The Krebs energy cycle is dual as energy is duality, duality is energy.
Vectors are dual to co vectors (forms).
Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality.
Entropy = average information.
Syntropy = average mutual or co information.
Duality creates reality!
th-cam.com/video/RrCzYu3hs68/w-d-xo.html
The mental note I made to myself to remember this all is "low energy + high enthropy component => low enthropy component (more organized) + high energy (dissipated)" and that's how life work to produce more and more order (but also dissipate more and more energy) from high enthropy disorganized matter + low energy around it
ty Dr. Ash. Thanks to your sponser for this video, too.
My dear Arvin. You have prodused an amazing new take on the universe.. I do so enjoy all your videos and i am enlightened by your commentary in every episode.. The discovery of scientific information is astounding.
Indeed this an amazing video explaining the entropy and life. But he actually did not produce this idea/take. It is a very profound thesis among researchers and physicists.
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Subgroups are dual to subfields -- the Galois correspondence.
Yin is dual to yang.
Thesis (bacteria) is dual to anti-thesis (archaea) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (eukarya) -- The time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Clockwise (Krebs cycle, mammals) is dual to anti-clockwise (the reverse Krebs cycle, plants).
Bi-stability implies duality.
Multi cellular life is synthesized from single cell life via the Hegelian dialectic -- the duality of the Krebs cycle.
Male (thesis) is dual to female (anti-thesis) synthesizes children or offspring.
The Hegelian dialectic explains why there are two dual sexes in nature.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The Krebs energy cycle is dual as energy is duality, duality is energy.
Vectors are dual to co vectors (forms).
Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality.
Entropy = average information.
Syntropy = average mutual or co information.
Duality creates reality!
th-cam.com/video/RrCzYu3hs68/w-d-xo.html
One of my personal interpretations of life is that it exists precisely to _increase_ entropy. Think abiut it: The purpose of life is to keep expanding itself ever and ever more to consume more resources and do more work, thus accelerating entropy.
You're mistaking an undesired side effect for a goal. This will become clear when technologically advanced aliens snuff us out to reduce the rate of increase of entropy.
Isn't this idea behind dissipation-driven adaption? (12:50 onwards)
@@brothermine2292that would be stupid, that’s killing life for living and only allowing some to live, which while on paper makes sense so they can use all those resources, but there’s a tremendous amount of resources that can really only be extracted from life processing them, the biosphere actually has many useful compounds in it. In addition most of the energy we use comes from sunlight which isn’t a resource that’s possible to drain.
Yes that’s the same notion as England’s paper from 2013. Specifically life would increase the rate of entropy increase - ie time is an essential element. Consider the fact that if you wish to drain your bathtub in the least time, you’d be better off creating a whirlpool at the drain - which of course almost always occurs naturally. But whether or not life increases or decreases the rate of entropy growth by large is an open question.
The problem with this theory is that it needs intentionality, aka that there is a universal objective (dissipating heat) towards which life should tend. It's the opposite, life is specialized in icreasing entropy because the more the certainty of a system (thus the more the complexity) the lower is its entropy and the lower the entropy of a system the bigger the entropy of the universe. It's not an objective, it's a rule to which life has to abide to exist because the universe works that way. It's like believing the refrigerator keeps the ambient cool TO increase the temperature outside when it's the opposite
Your explanation is mind blowing 🤯🤯
Great video as always
This could have been explained more readily by talking about free energy. Thermodynamics does not prohibit a decrease in entropy. Whether something spontaneously happens doesn't just depend on entropy but also energy. Commonly expressed through dG = dH - TdS (!!!) An everyday example is trying to mix oil and water compared to mixing alcohol with water. In the first case, the two liquids remain separated and have lower entropy. In the second case, they spontaneously mix to maximize entropy. Why the difference? Because of the energy associated with trying to force oil molecules to mix with water. It's like trying to push two south poles of a magnet together - it requires a lot of energy. But add a molecule with a part oil-loving bit and a part water-loving bit and, hey presto, the oil disperses. That kind of molecule is a surfactant. If you make a solution of surfactant, it spontaneously forms self-associated structures which decrease the local entropy. This is well-known in colloid and interface science. Life isn't unusual in the way suggested. The molecules that create cell walls etc are typically lipids which are like surfactants in that they have oil-loving and water-loving parts. It's all about balance.
Great so the molecules that create cell walls are typically lipids, and are surfactants. That’s great. Now, just explain how all of the little machine like parts found their way into the same spot before luckily having the surfactants to be surrounding the little machine parts and becoming a wall around the parts. The simplest single celled organism we know of has about 300 of these little machine like parts! How did all those parts, which are not surfactants, randomly and luckily find their way together in the same tiny spot at just the right time for the surfactants to form a protective cell wall? Why are there no life forms being discovered with far less than 300 machine parts? Shouldn’t there be at least a few life forms that landed, say, only 20 little machine parts? What about only 60? Why aren’t just 2 or 3 machine parts being found in any known single celled organism? There is something incredibly remarkable about this if you think about it! Bcus all of the 300 little machine parts are required for the survival of just the SIMPLEST single celled organism known to mankind. But we find no such thing as single celled organisms on the evolutionary ladder with less than a staggering 300 little machine parts! Lotta parts for the simplest life form don’t you think? And how does one explain the left handed chirality of all life on Earth? How do you explain this strict left handedness of amino acids found in ALL life forms? But now see there are equal amounts of right handed amino acids found in nature which could randomly attach to the long protein chains if life had indeed came about in a non-controlled, random environment. How can you explain the left handed chirality of amino acids in all life on Earth simply by random happenings in a non controlled matrix, when that matrix if it were a natural matrix, would have to be full of left and right handed amino acids?
@@effectingcause5484 What is your point?
@@effectingcause5484 Er...I gave surfactants as just one example to explain that local entropy can decrease without it being a violation of universal laws. This video leads with the suggestion that life is somehow unique because it leads to a decrease in entropy. It isn't. I merely gave an example.
@@toby9999 My point mrToby, is that there appears to be an intelligence behind the simplest known organisms known to mankind and that there are holes in the theory of random chance giving rise to abiogenesis of life on Earth. I point this out bcus the other guy mentions random chemistry possibly allowing for something as complex as a cell membrane to form, without acknowledging the fact that there are 300+ little orderly machines packed inside even the simplest cell membrane structure we know of. I point out that this ordered arrangement of molecular chemistry that is life must ultimately still come from a more orderly state of entropy, somewhere. Life is not very highly ordered. Life is not even more orderly than the sun! The sun being so much more intensely hotter than it’s surroundings, is in a much lower state of entropy than anything nearby to it, including life on earth. Complexity in life is not a state of low entropy. It is a state of entropy quickly becoming equalized. Life is an example of entropy approaching equilibrium fast. Life is not an example of very low entropy when compared to very hot things up against very cold things. Like the sun against the vacuum of space. Life is actually more of a vent for the entropy of the sun, which allows for total entropy of the solar system to approach equilibrium a little faster.
@@johnmiller0000 Hi John miller, I understand your logic to be correct. I wonder though, if the separation of oil and water, truly represents a decrease in entropy… Thinking of what’s happening chemically when the oil separates from the water this is actually increasing total entropy since the chemical energy stored within the mixture becomes less and less as the oil separates from the water.
@ArvinAsh your channel is amazing brother! In this vid you mentioned how life progresses toward increased complexity (lower entropy). Can you look into the possibly of doing a vid on how the phenomenon of cooperation has contributed to that progression, from the evolution of multicellular orgs to human society? Big ask but maybe a worthwhile endeavor!
yesss, on how does more complexity help to dissipate more energy...
th-cam.com/video/RrCzYu3hs68/w-d-xo.html
Great video, great science. Thanks, Arvin.
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Subgroups are dual to subfields -- the Galois correspondence.
Yin is dual to yang.
Thesis (bacteria) is dual to anti-thesis (archaea) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (eukarya) -- The time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Clockwise (Krebs cycle, mammals) is dual to anti-clockwise (the reverse Krebs cycle, plants).
Bi-stability implies duality.
Multi cellular life is synthesized from single cell life via the Hegelian dialectic -- the duality of the Krebs cycle.
Male (thesis) is dual to female (anti-thesis) synthesizes children or offspring.
The Hegelian dialectic explains why there are two dual sexes in nature.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The Krebs energy cycle is dual as energy is duality, duality is energy.
Vectors are dual to co vectors (forms).
Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality.
Entropy = average information.
Syntropy = average mutual or co information.
Duality creates reality!
Thanks for the video. You always make them so I can understand the facts and it's easier for me to understand them. Thanks Mr. Ash!!
Absolutely loved the video Arvin! I totally understand entropy and how life does not violate the 2nd law but perpetuates it. Beautiful
I love speculation and am an amateur futurist. Hypothetically; if we had a truly closed system; life could not evolve in this environment, correct?
Thanks!
Not really, this is because as long as there is an energy gradient you can draw an imaginary boundary within that closed system which excludes the higher energy part.
Energy tends to dissipate precisely because of the second law so this tiny imaginary system looks like an open system and behaves like one too.
You can observe the opposite too, if you consider the whole universe the energy is conserved (forget dark energy for a moment), as such it is an isolated system but life evolved anyways.
This means all you need to have to have effective open systems and by extension life is an energy gradient
@@ayushsharma8804 Ok. Thank you!
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Subgroups are dual to subfields -- the Galois correspondence.
Yin is dual to yang.
Thesis (bacteria) is dual to anti-thesis (archaea) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (eukarya) -- The time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Clockwise (Krebs cycle, mammals) is dual to anti-clockwise (the reverse Krebs cycle, plants).
Bi-stability implies duality.
Multi cellular life is synthesized from single cell life via the Hegelian dialectic -- the duality of the Krebs cycle.
Male (thesis) is dual to female (anti-thesis) synthesizes children or offspring.
The Hegelian dialectic explains why there are two dual sexes in nature.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The Krebs energy cycle is dual as energy is duality, duality is energy.
Vectors are dual to co vectors (forms).
Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality.
Entropy = average information.
Syntropy = average mutual or co information.
Duality creates reality!
th-cam.com/video/RrCzYu3hs68/w-d-xo.html
Great explanation as always Arvin, however can't help to feel that the words "order" and "disorder" murky the whole thing (like in the explanation with the solar system). Complexity, diversity or possibility may be wider terms but they might approach the concept better. But that's just nitpicking, amazing video!
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Subgroups are dual to subfields -- the Galois correspondence.
Yin is dual to yang.
Thesis (bacteria) is dual to anti-thesis (archaea) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (eukarya) -- The time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Clockwise (Krebs cycle, mammals) is dual to anti-clockwise (the reverse Krebs cycle, plants).
Bi-stability implies duality.
Multi cellular life is synthesized from single cell life via the Hegelian dialectic -- the duality of the Krebs cycle.
Male (thesis) is dual to female (anti-thesis) synthesizes children or offspring.
The Hegelian dialectic explains why there are two dual sexes in nature.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The Krebs energy cycle is dual as energy is duality, duality is energy.
Vectors are dual to co vectors (forms).
Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality.
Entropy = average information.
Syntropy = average mutual or co information.
Duality creates reality!
th-cam.com/video/RrCzYu3hs68/w-d-xo.html
Wow, This video DIRECTLY addresses a question I had on my mind for years. Even the idea that life itself may just be an inevitable result of the fundamental laws of physics is something I've thought about before. Until now, I had no idea that not only did someone else think of it but they took it seriously enough to give it some level of rigor in scientific analysis.
Amazing video.
Thanks for the knowledge, I got a whole new perspective about entropy
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Subgroups are dual to subfields -- the Galois correspondence.
Yin is dual to yang.
Thesis (bacteria) is dual to anti-thesis (archaea) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (eukarya) -- The time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Clockwise (Krebs cycle, mammals) is dual to anti-clockwise (the reverse Krebs cycle, plants).
Bi-stability implies duality.
Multi cellular life is synthesized from single cell life via the Hegelian dialectic -- the duality of the Krebs cycle.
Male (thesis) is dual to female (anti-thesis) synthesizes children or offspring.
The Hegelian dialectic explains why there are two dual sexes in nature.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The Krebs energy cycle is dual as energy is duality, duality is energy.
Vectors are dual to co vectors (forms).
Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality.
Entropy = average information.
Syntropy = average mutual or co information.
Duality creates reality!
Excellent video. And I’m glad you prefaced the origin of life segment by stating we don’t have all the answers. Interestingly each new theory on the origin of life fails to integrate all the conflicts from other scientific disciplines. One person’s theory won’t account for physical conditions that weren’t present at a crucial point such as the rapid onset of life so close to the heavy bombardment period, or others rely on a reducing atmosphere to protect nascent nucleic acids when the atmosphere was oxidizing, or when extreme levels of UV light would have destroyed the delicate nucleic acids, or the lack of evidence supporting a “probiotic soup”, etc. It’s apparent that the biologists aren’t talking to the astrophysicists, geologists, or mathematicians. Even if they were able to integrate the tremendous conflicts between the necessary conditions for their theories on the origin of life, they would still need to fill in huge gaps in knowledge with the Cambrian explosion, lack of intermediate fossil forms, explanation for random mutations accounting for beneficial changes when thousands of them would be required sequentially for say the nostrils 16:09 of a cow to migrate to the top of the head and evolve into a dolphin (especially in organisms with very long gestation periods). Notice I’m not saying bacteria can’t adapt to antibiotics or share genetic material (micro-evolution).
It all boils down to “do you worship the God of the gaps” or “worship the god of give me enough time and I’ll figure all the gaps out”? It takes faith to worship either one. Choose wisely. A mind that is a product of simple undirected evolution in a universe that simply sprang into existence from a singularity might not be trusted to give a rational answer.
Religious and an evolution denier. What a crazy coincidence.
These videos decrease my knowledge entropy thus creating more order in my brain. Bravo! 🎉😊
I never understood entropy , this video definitely going to be a good start , thank you ❤
th-cam.com/video/RrCzYu3hs68/w-d-xo.html
Crystals have low entropy, so crystallization itself is a spontaneous process that sagregates a solution into high and low entropy components. Entropy stratification/segregation is spontaneous and life is just an extreme example of it.
So a part of increasing entropy is to create low entropy life that can increase entropy throughout the universe more efficiently 🤔
#soundslikepurpose 🤗
Great video as always Arvin 👍🏿
interesting! People that claim that evolution solves the mystery of life think that understanding the process somehow solves the mystery: it still remains unknown 'why' entropy happens at all, why life is at all, and why awareness somehow sprung out of a "blind" universe, with the express desire to improve its probabilities for self-preservation. The answer one usually gets is equally stuck in the realm of 'quantifying'.
"It happened due to fortuitous chemichal reactions". That type of answer, when contemplated for long enough, only begs the question of why there is anything happening at all in the first place: random chance is only a rationalist reduction of the mystery, by taking the processes of the 'thing' and dressing them up in pomp and conceptual funnels for the mind to eventually feel that the 'thing' is now understood and the mystery solved.
But the question isn't related to the process or the HOW the phenomenon unfolds. It's about WHY. Qualia. Motive.
And there is absolutely no answer to the question of 'why'. Only speculation.
Giving existence a motive is a impossible IMO, since it precedes even life itself. It just 'is'. And that is the mystery
It's a tendency, but I think purpose is personal
Yeah, also technically life is higher entropy than the energy sources it uses. Since thermodynamic entropy isn’t measuring structural complexity or simplicity but rather energy state distribution (which can be tied with structure but that’s not inherently the case) and in this case, life is higher in entropy than the molecules it takes energy from.
@@Rudol_Zeppili Right, so life is basically machines that create more entropy than would otherwise normally be created...
@@Mageblood agreed 💯🙌🏿
Arvin, at the final part of the video, isn’t it called “Boltzmann Brain”? Also, a video about “Information and Entropy” would be a worthy continuation of this thermodynamics series.
Issac Arthur has a video about civilizations at the time when the entropy is reaching the maximum, and it would be an excellent reference for your deep dive into “Information and Entropy”.
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Subgroups are dual to subfields -- the Galois correspondence.
Yin is dual to yang.
Thesis (bacteria) is dual to anti-thesis (archaea) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (eukarya) -- The time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Clockwise (Krebs cycle, mammals) is dual to anti-clockwise (the reverse Krebs cycle, plants).
Bi-stability implies duality.
Multi cellular life is synthesized from single cell life via the Hegelian dialectic -- the duality of the Krebs cycle.
Male (thesis) is dual to female (anti-thesis) synthesizes children or offspring.
The Hegelian dialectic explains why there are two dual sexes in nature.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The Krebs energy cycle is dual as energy is duality, duality is energy.
Vectors are dual to co vectors (forms).
Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality.
Entropy = average information.
Syntropy = average mutual or co information.
Duality creates reality!
Very good Arvin. Thank you.
Another masterpiece Alvin thank you very luch for the best explanation of entropy i never seen you're the best
I would love to see an explanatory follow-up about Poincare Recurrence Theory by Arvin Ash. I wouldn't mind if it takes some time.
th-cam.com/video/RrCzYu3hs68/w-d-xo.html
This issue has been bugging me for 40 years and you clarified it exquisitely.
Life actually creates more disorder in the universe. This may be its actual reason for being...according to theories of Jeremy England. Paradoxically, it takes an organized intelligent entity to realize and accelerate that disorder..because there are activation barriers which inanimate matter cannot easily cross to realize that potential entropy. Even plants do this. They take more organized visible light photons, and create a mess of infrared photons. Plants thankfully export the excess disorder into deep space. Herbivores and carnivores and humans create disorder locally however. Just think of the lifeless moon. It preserves the information about asteroid collisions billions of years ago. Our living planet however destroys most of the evidence within a few million years.
Just something that came to mind while watching this that could be useful this time of year with people going on vacation & wanting to have cold beer, or want a lot of cold beer fast, say for a party. So you're at your beach rental & you just loaded the fridge with a case or two of warm beer & you have 10 of your friends coming over in an hour, normally there is no way in hell the fridge will get the beers cold enough to be enjoyable in time, but here is how you can do it, hell you can freeze everything in your refrigerator compartment if you fall asleep, forget about it and head out to the bars, & end up over do it.
First pull the fridge away from the wall & clean the coils on the back & setup a few of the fans from the house having them all on max blowing over the coils on the back.
You can make the refrigerator work even harder but you'll need to be careful not to electrocute yourself or anybody else including children or pets, or even start a fire. If you put a damp sheet over the coils so the sheet is touching all of the coils on the back, but do not have the sheet dripping wet to cause an electrical short and/or fire. Now with the fans blowing on the damp sheets coating the coils even more heat will be removed using evaporation. TAKE the sheet off when it is time to re-damp it, do not pour water on it while it is attached. Set an alarm on your phone to remind yourself it is time to redamp the sheet or completely remove it if the inside has reached the temperature you wanted for your beer. But if you're careful, you could use a spray bottle to mist the sheet, but again, be super careful.
I own two computer 140mm fans that can be plugged into a USB port for extra cooling for computers. Today if I was doing this I'd put these fans with a USB rechargeable power brick inside of the refrigerator to move the air around to help pull the heat out of the items inside.
Decades ago my friends & I rented a dump at the beach & the refrigerator would take over night to make a tray of ice cubes. Doing everything I stated above we had the fridge freezing a room temp case of beer in 40 mins forcing us to lower the speed on the fans, & removing the sheet since it was over kill. The biggest problem was the refrigerator was 60 years old, so old it only had one door that locked when shut & had the same type of huge handle you'd see on the inside of a airplane emergency exit. And the refrigerator was built into the kitchen cabinets stopping any airflow to the coils on its back.
btw, those old art deco refrigerators, if refurbished with new Insulation, compressor, & a fresh coat of bright red paint, & with all of the chrome parts re-chromed, are highly collectible and sought after today. ...just like the old art deco glass bottle Coke vending machines for game rooms, & since people are going crazy for the 100% sugar-cane Mexican Coca-Cola, (instead of the corn syrup version we have in the USA), the old Coke vending machines have almost doubled in price. The Mexican Coke comes in the old glass bottles that work with the old vending machines.
Thanks for reading my rantings, & if you know of a place making new versions of the old Coke wall mounted art deco machines, please let me know in a reply. ...guess now with CnC machines, someone could make one themselves, just "print" one out if they have the design.
A awesome presentation
haven't watched the whole video yet but the fact that complex forms of life were able to develop from cosmic dust, even if at the cost of a vicinity increase of entropy is, by itself, mindblowing;
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Subgroups are dual to subfields -- the Galois correspondence.
Yin is dual to yang.
Thesis (bacteria) is dual to anti-thesis (archaea) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (eukarya) -- The time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Clockwise (Krebs cycle, mammals) is dual to anti-clockwise (the reverse Krebs cycle, plants).
Bi-stability implies duality.
Multi cellular life is synthesized from single cell life via the Hegelian dialectic -- the duality of the Krebs cycle.
Male (thesis) is dual to female (anti-thesis) synthesizes children or offspring.
The Hegelian dialectic explains why there are two dual sexes in nature.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The Krebs energy cycle is dual as energy is duality, duality is energy.
Vectors are dual to co vectors (forms).
Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality.
Entropy = average information.
Syntropy = average mutual or co information.
Duality creates reality!
If you see a cluster of stones and beside a building, you would NEVER come to the idea the building was built without an intelligent builder. Why you believe that in nature? Without an intelligent designer such sophisticated machines and structures can never occur. Law of entropy drives processes but without intelligence it is impossible to get sophisticated machines in nature in my opinion. So as a person who encountered Jesus and heard so many people tell their storys about/with him, I know he exists. Therefore I have to encourage you to search for him and don't reject God from the outset. He loves you. He gives true life, we are meant to have and true joy. Life is more than the material things. God bless you!
Love this ❤
Beautiful explanation of entropy...bravo!🙋
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Subgroups are dual to subfields -- the Galois correspondence.
Yin is dual to yang.
Thesis (bacteria) is dual to anti-thesis (archaea) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (eukarya) -- The time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Clockwise (Krebs cycle, mammals) is dual to anti-clockwise (the reverse Krebs cycle, plants).
Bi-stability implies duality.
Multi cellular life is synthesized from single cell life via the Hegelian dialectic -- the duality of the Krebs cycle.
Male (thesis) is dual to female (anti-thesis) synthesizes children or offspring.
The Hegelian dialectic explains why there are two dual sexes in nature.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The Krebs energy cycle is dual as energy is duality, duality is energy.
Vectors are dual to co vectors (forms).
Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality.
Entropy = average information.
Syntropy = average mutual or co information.
Duality creates reality!
I disagree.@@hyperduality2838
It really seems that increasing entropy is the final purpose of all life in the universe.
We all play our part in the long march toward the Heat Death of the universe. :)
You're mistaking an undesired side effect for a goal.
@@brothermine2292you’re mistaking a goal for an undesired side effect
@@brothermine2292 my mistake I didn't properly formulate the sentence, from a objective physical perspective life exists to increase the overall entropy of the universe, thats our role. From a biological perspective our purpose or goal is to fight against internal entropy increase, thus increasing entropy of our environment
@@Balquieno : You'll be proved wrong when an advanced alien civilization snuffs out life on Earth in order to eliminate our unwelcome contributions to entropy.
The 2nd law of thermodynamics applies to closed systems. The biosphere on Earth is not a closed system.
Entropy can increase, decrease or remain static locally if the system is open.
isolated, not closed
@@pofigist4375 You can be isolated and still open.
Closed is the proper term to use here. Very important to distinguish between an isolated system which can be in some cases an approximation to a closed system. No ambiguity Mr Fig
Entropy must increase (or remain constant) in isolated systems, not closed ones.
@@TonyTigerTonyTiger An isolated system can be open. All systems are open.
PRovide an example of a perfect boundary around an isolated system.
We dont even know the geometry and actual size of the Universe - whether it's finite.
Black Holes? Well theoretically they too possess an entropy and are not perfect boundaries.
I accept your apology my friend
@@PetraKann "An isolated system can be open. All systems are open."
Do you know what a definition is?
Attempting to compare concepts that are only apparent or meaningful to you as a specific and wonderfully unique example of consciousness illustrates the delightful irony of your complete dismissal of its existence outside yourself.
I'm increasing entropy, yay! Glad someone finally noticed!
You're contributing to the heat death of the universe. Thanks a lot! :D
I guess this means that my ultimate purpose is to increase the entropy of the universe. Time to go around destroying stuff!
Why do science videos always attract anti-science nuts?
I watch your videos to see the pictures. Nice.🙏
Thanks Sir for important information. Regards
You know what I also have written an article on exactly same topic and I also learned many from this video
You make some of the best videos on TH-cam, sir!
@@TheJoker-dj4yq Tell me why you don’t think his videos are among the best?
Maybe cat videos are more your thing.
a wonderful explanation of entropy in molecular world which forms life.
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Subgroups are dual to subfields -- the Galois correspondence.
Yin is dual to yang.
Thesis (bacteria) is dual to anti-thesis (archaea) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (eukarya) -- The time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Clockwise (Krebs cycle, mammals) is dual to anti-clockwise (the reverse Krebs cycle, plants).
Bi-stability implies duality.
Multi cellular life is synthesized from single cell life via the Hegelian dialectic -- the duality of the Krebs cycle.
Male (thesis) is dual to female (anti-thesis) synthesizes children or offspring.
The Hegelian dialectic explains why there are two dual sexes in nature.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The Krebs energy cycle is dual as energy is duality, duality is energy.
Vectors are dual to co vectors (forms).
Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality.
Entropy = average information.
Syntropy = average mutual or co information.
Duality creates reality!
Forgot to say...another good video Arvin.
As a kid, I thought of entropy as the same as equilibrium. If I have two closed systems, one filled with a hot vibrating gas and the other with a cooler more sluggish gas - they would both be in equilibrium and therefore have the same high entropy. If all the gas in each system were all in one corner - neither would be in equilibrium, therefore both would have the same low entropy.
Information tech: a well-designed software hash has information evenly distributed and is virtually irretrievable (high entropy). Plaintext has recognizable patterns intended to convey information (low entropy).
If I have one system filled with frozen 0K water, we have a highly organized crystal (low entropy), but providing very little information (number of molecules). Another system filled with hot steam has highly randomized molecule position/orientation/velocity (high entropy), but potentially conveys a lot of information - pressure, temperature, turbulence.
Information theory and thermodynamics seem to produce different intuitive views of entropy?
The 2nd Law suggests that the universe will end with matter/energy dispersed randomly/evenly (high entropy). How would that be different from an ordered crystal (low entropy) - just dispersed at a much greater scale? I'm assuming that something like Higgs resonance over time would align all "particles" at entropy death. This suggests that entropy is more than just disorder and irretrievable information - perhaps planck locality plays a role?
Fabulous video, Arvin, thank you. Entropy is one of those absolutely fascinating subjects. I dropped the word ‘disorder’ from my own description of high entropy sometime ago, preferring to use the word ‘diffuse’. So, is the universe a closed system, or an open one? I guess that’s a very big question. If Sir Roger Penrose theory of the cyclic multiverse is correct, and that is a very big ‘if’, then I suppose you could have each universe being a closed system, like a bubble…but then if each universe affects the other, our universe would be an open one.
Thanks Sol.
Arvin, very good insights, bro!
Please also refer Julian Barbour's book "The Janus Point", where he points out that our (possibly restricted) (Sub-)Universe is *not* a closed system! Instead (due to ongoing expansion of spacetime) it is *open* , such that entropy may not be the appropriate measure - entaxy may be (a term coined by Barbour, alluding to some yet unknown conserved property in an open universe). My personal conviction is that entropy, as an increasing property, is just one side of a coin inhabiting some conserved entity, Emmy-Noether-like, referring to *isotropy of time* (which is missing in all standard models of physics).
Just my 3 cents, from a PhD Astrophysicist here in good old Germany. 😊
Me encanto, lo explica de una manera que le entiendes. Gracias !! Is there any relationship between the entropy level of a body and the duration in time of this body? That is to say, the greater the entropy the body will last more or less in time?
Amazing
Put it simply, just as the wider world "pays" for the fridge to work "with interest", entropy is so powerful that it can whitstand the emergence of life, consciousness and self-awareness as well.
If you think about it, entropy is our Ariadne's thread that can be used by science to build knowledge about the natural world.
Also pointing it out that since entropy seems to tie into many areas of research, not just life but time as well, we're edging towards a quite holistic scientific work here.
THANK YOU! Ive heard the concept of entropy throughout my college years, but all my teachers' explanations were always too vague. This was very precise and informative!
2nd Law of Arvin: your car isn't safe when he's explaining SCIENCE!
Order doesn't occur at minimum entropy, it occurs at intermediate entropy. The process of increasing entropy is a process of increasing and then later decreasing order.
Thanks
You are very good 👍🏽
Amazing video thank you! Highly recommend the book Romance of Reality as it helps explain how consciousness formed from these same processes.
Such is the The Circle, of Life 🙏🦁
Phenomenal explanation of this often confusing and unintuitive concept
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Subgroups are dual to subfields -- the Galois correspondence.
Yin is dual to yang.
Thesis (bacteria) is dual to anti-thesis (archaea) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (eukarya) -- The time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Clockwise (Krebs cycle, mammals) is dual to anti-clockwise (the reverse Krebs cycle, plants).
Bi-stability implies duality.
Multi cellular life is synthesized from single cell life via the Hegelian dialectic -- the duality of the Krebs cycle.
Male (thesis) is dual to female (anti-thesis) synthesizes children or offspring.
The Hegelian dialectic explains why there are two dual sexes in nature.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The Krebs energy cycle is dual as energy is duality, duality is energy.
Vectors are dual to co vectors (forms).
Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality.
Entropy = average information.
Syntropy = average mutual or co information.
Duality creates reality!
Entropy can be thought of as how spread out some energy is or as anything mathematically equivalent to information or complexity.
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Subgroups are dual to subfields -- the Galois correspondence.
Yin is dual to yang.
Thesis (bacteria) is dual to anti-thesis (archaea) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (eukarya) -- The time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Clockwise (Krebs cycle, mammals) is dual to anti-clockwise (the reverse Krebs cycle, plants).
Bi-stability implies duality.
Multi cellular life is synthesized from single cell life via the Hegelian dialectic -- the duality of the Krebs cycle.
Male (thesis) is dual to female (anti-thesis) synthesizes children or offspring.
The Hegelian dialectic explains why there are two dual sexes in nature.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The Krebs energy cycle is dual as energy is duality, duality is energy.
Vectors are dual to co vectors (forms).
Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality.
Entropy = average information.
Syntropy = average mutual or co information.
Duality creates reality!
Life is like a turbine in a river that's used to generate electricity. Earth as a whole takes advantage of entropy by converting a few high energy photons from the Sun into chemical and kinetic work, and the effluent is a larger number of low energy photons. A river turbine works just the same, taking energy from high velocity water, turning some of that velocity into work, and returning the lower velocity water to the river from which it came.
Never thought of that. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be converted into less energetic form thus a few photons release many less energetic photons. But you never see less energetic photons combine to form a more energetic photon. Photons degradation is the very definition of Entropy.
But I do not agree Life in any way generates anything except speeds up the prosess of Photo degradation.
Hell yeah, I remember having this question in my head for a while like 4 years ago. I thought I figured out the answer but Ill most likely realize I didn't by the end of this video😂
Its like spinning a bottle of water to empty it faster. Like a layer of warm water mixing with a layer of cold water, creating vortices to reach equilibrium. Life only temporarily increases order to increase the long term dispersion of energy. Basically life is a more efficient way to reach equilibrium.
When I thought about connecting psychology with quantum physics it seems like there are pseudo-particles or pseudo-waves or something like that.
Is that possible in physics?
Ted Chang's Exhalation is a great analogy to how all this works.
Howdy hi hi,
You put this concept out there very well Arvin. Good job.
It still feels like, entropy is driven by the expansion of spacetime. If this idea proves out to be true, it would answer the question of why the second law of thermodynamics exists and has such an outsized influence upon all of the matter in which we find ourselves immersed.
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Subgroups are dual to subfields -- the Galois correspondence.
Yin is dual to yang.
Thesis (bacteria) is dual to anti-thesis (archaea) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (eukarya) -- The time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Clockwise (Krebs cycle, mammals) is dual to anti-clockwise (the reverse Krebs cycle, plants).
Bi-stability implies duality.
Multi cellular life is synthesized from single cell life via the Hegelian dialectic -- the duality of the Krebs cycle.
Male (thesis) is dual to female (anti-thesis) synthesizes children or offspring.
The Hegelian dialectic explains why there are two dual sexes in nature.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The Krebs energy cycle is dual as energy is duality, duality is energy.
Vectors are dual to co vectors (forms).
Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality.
Entropy = average information.
Syntropy = average mutual or co information.
Duality creates reality!
that was great..
entropy in the universe is low at the beginning, medium at the middle, and high at the end, akin to graphing y=x. complexity in the universe is low at the beginning, high at the middle, and low at the end, akin to graphing y=-x^2. we humans live somewhere near the middle, enjoying the high complexity. this is very simplified but it does give you a direct idea of what's going on.
"entropy" is one of the most interesting term for me since i first heard it. i always feel like it takes more energy to move or create something but at the same time, there's something that strive off waste energy and it cycle all over again. like the energy of the sun feed plankton and other things eats it that later land on our dinner plate.
science said one day the death of universe will be cold instead of a bang. sometime i think entropy cause the universe to keep on expanding forever without outside force. although i wont convince myself this is true but its possible.
" i think entropy cause the universe to keep on expanding"
There is a new theory with regards to black holes and the universe's expansion. It says that the increase in black holes's mass is proportional to the speed at which the universe expands and that black holes are driving this expansion. I posit an extension that this is because the entropy of the whole universe taken all together is constant and must remain constant. So a black hole represents a massive decrease in entropy. Therefore a compensating increase in space must take place to keep the entropy constant for the whole universe.
@@pulsar22 that makes a lot of sense. There are many good theories out there about black hole. I like most of them since they all makes sense. I think that's the beauty of why we always have interest in learning new things.
mispoke at 4:26. Heat flows from food to the EVAPORATOR coils. Heat flows from the warm CONDENSING coils out to the surroundings.
I can answer this question with total ease: Life does NOT violate entropy because when it ends, all the atoms again become disorganized, and it really is as simple as that. As for the question as to how does it "fight" entropy in the first place, well that's simple too, many substances and atoms have innate tendencies to react in certain ways, like self assembly, as seen in crystals, lipids, enzymes etc; if it weren't for these natural inbuilt behaviors then sure life couldn't exist, but it does and that's that.
Jeremy England's dissipative adaption theory discussed in the video is eye-opening. It implies that life is inevitable and could make the case that the galaxy is likely teeming with lifeforms.
Indeed. It seems logical, but as I said, it's not proven. My opinion is that the universe may indeed be teeming with life, but I also think that intelligent life like humans is probably still very rare. Given the variety and tenacity of life on earth, such an intelligence as ours has only appeared once over the course of 4.5 billion years. That's pretty rare.
Two things. Firstly, if matter accretes but is insufficiently dense to trigger a thermonuclear reaction, then there is no star, and no increase in entropy. Secondly, it has been explained that the Earth must radiate as much energy as it receives from the Sun, other wise the Earth's temperature would forever increase, but we know this doesn't happen (unless humans bugger things up). But, the reality is that the Earth itself generates heat from its molten core which inevitably finds its way to the surface. Therefore, taking the heat from both sources would entail the Earth becoming a net heat generator. If, however, the Earth is not a net heat generator, then some of the energy must be converted into a lower entropy state thus making the Sun/Earth system a source of reduced entropy overall.
Great video! It got me thinking...is global warming aligned with the "reason" life exist (i.e. speeding up entropy)?... or maybe renewables vs fossils makes no difference to entropy at a "system" level?
Hey Arvin, I’m remembering the quantum effects of hydrogen atoms crossing a molecular boundary resulting in growth, but can’t seem to remember where I had seen it. I know it’s a documentary about quantum biology, perhaps it was you on a presentation by the BBC?
The climate system (ocean and atmosphere motions and other processes) are powered, and act to dissipate, the energy gradient imposed on Earth by the pole to equator differential absorption of solar energy due to the curvature of Earth. Likewise, there is a vertical energy gradient due to the heating at the surface snd cooling to space.
Ah so it was so easy to explain 😅 Makes lots of sense, thanks!
However, it's still hard to believe that we're just a spontaneous ordered matter :)
The idea of organisms dissipating energy is interesting, it kind of turns the whole thing upside down. Locally chaos decreases, but globally increases... Need some time to wrap my head around it :)
You know, Its sort of similar to the idea that gravity's natural state is repulsion, however there is an attractive emergence when density reaches a certain point. While the universe is trending towards disorder, there seems to be an emergent property of order when density reaches a certain point as well.
The chemistry axiom that bond breaking requires energy and bond forming releases energy caused it to transpire that molecules in living cells increased in size. Molecular evolution favoured cells with molecules that had catalytic or structural function hence favouring life over death. What difference does it make if 99.99% of the universe disappears in entropy if you’re in the 0.01% that is okay?
Is not necessarily breaking the rules of physics, the low level of entropy is only temporary for each living being. The moment they die, the entropy increases until you become, generaly speaking, in time more and more entropic.
Is there a measurement unit for entropy, or is it always described in general concept?
Perhaps heat/temperature? Entropy is like maximizing freedom (number of options) …but for the smallest units of matter/energy. Which ironically leads to the macroscopic becoming rather uniform, a sparse growing dispersing cloud of whirling energy
Entropy has units of J/K (joules per Kelvin).
@@adrianbratt9927 thank you
Well explained. On a bigger perspective then, entropy was very low to begin with [i.e. at the time of creation] as it is continuously increasing [with the evolving universe] and will become highest at the end [time of extinction of the universe]. Low entropy means high symmetry so the universe should be very symmetric at its beginning and most chaotic at the end. But if there is no structure formation at the end, by the above reasoning it should also be very symmetric then with the lowest entropy. How can it be reconciled?
The remnants at the end might be not very exciting (some cold planets, and lots of radiation) but technically it's probably still a high entropy state.
There's also an idea that heat death of the universe, after conformal rescaling, looks very similar to a state at its very beginning, so there might be a cycle of universes such that heat death of one is the big bang of another. It's called "conformal cyclic cosmology" proposed by Penrose. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformal_cyclic_cosmology
@@thedeemon Yeah, aware of that. But do extreme heat at the beginning and extreme cold at the end both have low entropy? Or we need to dig deeper into the fundamental nature of entropy? Does gravity by ""tending to break symmetry"" at the beginning (a very likely state with high probability) sets in motion the ever rising entropy and the flow of time?
The kind of “order” one finds in crystals and whirlpools is not the same order as one finds in life. Crystals and whirlpools can be described with very little information. Life can only be described with high amounts of specified information.
agree
another difference: life perpetuates information across time, whereas a crystal is mostly static, unchanging
0:00: 🔑 Life seems to contradict the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of an isolated system always increases or remains constant over time.
3:31: 🔑 Entropy is a measure of the number of ways microscopic components of a system can be arranged to produce the same macroscopic behavior.
6:09: 🌱 Life on Earth does not violate the second law of thermodynamics as organisms decrease entropy locally while increasing it in their environment.
9:44: 🌍 The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of a system must increase over time, but this does not mean that the entropy of each element of the system must increase.
12:09: 🌱 The formation of life is connected to the absorption and dissipation of energy, as suggested by the hypothesis of 'adaptation induced by dissipation'.
15:18: 🌍 The history of evolution is the story of a planet learning to harness solar energy through complex living beings in order to increase the entropy of the universe.
Recap by Tammy AI