Pretty much, MAYBE you could say Celtic Frost or Bathory but this was faster than that & more cohesive, even though the audio is bad here, they seem to be playing even faster than on record.
For sure there were poopy pants all around. At this time Slayer was little known outside LA or SOCAL really, I was in high school in San Diego when i first heard them in 1984 on some cheap bootleg recording (before the Metal Massacre sampler) and knew it was going to be big. After this Venom brought them back to the States for their first real tour. I saw them in 85 at The California Theater in SD, with Venom (front row - full on amazing), first of 8 times for me including one time in Tijuana B.C. Mexico. That was a drunken fun fest for sure! In "86 they went from small halls/theaters to big halls and even stadiums round the world and huge sales for metal and such an influence on music forever. One of the all time greats. OK, you get it, I love Slayer and I'll shut up now.
1985 was the greatest year of that decade. Metal ruled the world! I was 19/20 in '85. This makes me miss those years. Very nostalgic. Maiden Metallica and Slayer were my top 3 in 1985.
Same here! I was 20 in 1985 and I seen them 3 years later August 29 1988 at pulsations in Glen mills pa and boy do I have a killer story to tell about that night!
"The greatest festival moment was the very first fesitval we ever played. Which was in 1985 & that was the Heavy Sound Festival in Poperinge. That would have to be the greatest festival ever because until then we played clubs and traveled throughout the U.S. in a car, & then a year later we're doing this headline festival with U.F.O" - Tom Araya
Amazing. Still gives me goosebumps, no matter how many times I see it. We got them on stage early so there was no chance of their set being cut. It was quite a whirlwind few days for 6 guys from California and one from Oregon. We flew from LA on May 24, landed in London on May 25, drove an English (steering wheel on the right) splitter van on the overnight ferry to Holland, because Americans couldn't do the short Dover to Calais ferry in those days without a French visa, and they were hard to get and not all of us were US citizens at that point. We arrived at the festival site while Warlock was on stage.... all for the Metal! - Doug
Ha - I was there at the concert and you can see me at 2:24 in the very front. I have the VHS tapes as well. stoked to have seen these guys back then and a few more times since.
Kerry King had his black Warlock at the time with a big red inverted cross,which was totally bad-ass, this was before he whimped out with all his tribal crap on his guitar. Dave was absolutely insane that day, being at the front I could see his every move. By the time they returned for the Reign in Pain tour in Deinze the band was a killing machine! Still have the flyers from both gigs
Prime Slayer was an unstoppable force. Luckily they had many years before they blew out and faded. It's also a young man's music so they didn't have it easy.
Man I fucking always loved that black B.C. rich warlock Kerry had then bad ass axe and even Jeffs first guitar he used on s.n.m. and I think hell awaits that black B.C. rich les Paul soundedbad ass too
I hoped to see myself on this video because I was there in the crowd in front of the stage. But not. I was from the north of France so close. And I could never imagine at that time that somebody could record the entire set. I thought it was lost for ever in the memory of the few who were there. A real shock and a back in time for me. Thank you.
Amazing set of songs at this gig, I would have been happy even today with this line up of songs at a Slayer gig, only 2 albums in and an EP and already a great set, Chemical Warfare, Captor of Sin, Die by the Sword, The Antichrist, Black Magic and At Dawn they Sleep. Slayer laying waste to everyone and Megadeth didn't even have Peace Sells out yet and Metallica didn't even have Master of Puppets out at this stage. Slayer, always will be my Fav out of the big 4, here they are in their youth and now already retired with one of them gone, how time flies. Forever Legends.
Cheers to the cameraman and up-loader! I've long had this audio bootleg but never even knew there was video, I think they are the same source but not sure. This is absolutely fucking *historic* and I'm glad it's available for anyone who gives a shit! I certainly do! Again, cheers & thanx from an old codger and all long time (and new) Slayer fans everywhere! Funny I never found this before since it was uploaded four years ago...
Was there - nervously anticipating to see my favourite band in those days (and Slayer still is now, especially with their first albums)...they blew me away, still one of the best concerts I've ever witnessed, an experience on it's own...
God damn Tom had a beautiful metal voice when he was young. Powerful, robust, intense, fresh. Such a perfect combination of musicians. ...i wonder if satan listens to slayer? When Jeff died, do you think satan met his soul, or do you think god took him in and tried to give him a less intense instrument like a harp?
Not seen this footage before - jings. The first Slayer show I saw was at the Edinburgh Playhouse (Scotland) in April 1987, but this goes to show Slayer were blasting festivals a good couple of years previous to that. Wow. This was the heaviest music at that time, I think half the crowd are into it and the other half are just scared sh**less. Slayer might not be the kind of music I listen to nowadays, but I appreciate the fact that they didn't really deviate from their style and ferocity in 38 years. Quite a legacy.
This is Slayer in their right element. A small stage, still pretty underground, people NOT moshing, Kerry King not being a total poser with this tribal tattoos and "angry"-attitude. This is the Slayer that influenced so many bands in the underground. D.T.P.
i just listened to my copy of a charles bronson 7 inch on the great sampler '' tomorrow will be worse''. Its a fake live recording, you hear that. all that seems live on the record are the snippets, which are speeches to a crowd in belgium. It took me about 3 minutes now, to figure out who that recording probably was and get to this video. was a fun ride, thanks. go check the record out
this is just under a month before i turned 13, i didnt discover Slayer until a couple years later but when i did i found myself surrounded by a new group of friends and frankly they were very stuck up and elitist. meaning we were all head deep into Thrash metal and everything else was old and or wimpy,.at that time the band Venom was on that list and we had no respect, listening to it now it is very obvious to me that Tom definitely has some Kronos influence. there was so much great music my angry sixteen year old mind wouldny give a chance, but also thank you Slayer for all the great memories of summer nights driving around with my friends blasting Reign In Blood and South Of Heaven.
i am trulyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy thankful for this!!! fucking love slayerrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr DUDE YOU ARE AMAZINGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
I liked UFO in the 70s, Michael Schenker, and all that and I would truly like to know what they thought of this... head scratching or flat out hate it?
@@tttarms1970 Talk about making a poor comment for no reason. First, this wasn't 'the birth of Thrash', by 1985 Thrash was already established as a genre, Secondly, Thrash AND Speed come under the umbrella term of Extreme Metal. Any Metal genre which is heavier and faster than Traditional metal, whether it's Thrash, Black, Death or even Speed Metal, is considered Extreme Metal.
@@njldst2007 I'm talking back then....slayer was part of the birth of thrash.. we didnt have all these bullshit sub genres like today, just like "hair metal" was not a term used... it was glam and posers...no one used extreme back then....
@@tttarms1970 No one really used Thrash in the beginning either. Thrash as a term came into use only by the mid-80s, way after Thrash had already been created and existed for some time, that's how naming genres works. Any how, I'm using the term Extreme Metal from the perspective of the present, not only because that's what they are commonly clubbed under now, but also for a particular reason, because I'm asking if it's the first Extreme Metal drum solo period, not just Thrash metal, because by 1985, other Extreme Metal genres had existed by then too, like Black Metal and Doom metal
@@njldst2007 bullshit it wasnt used....did you grow up in the time period?? Thank god I was there from the beginning of the greatest era to develop...metal...
There is only one SLAYER, 1) Jeff Hanneman 2) Kerry King 3) Tom Araya 4) Dave Lombardo Any other lineup is just not the same. This lineup is, and always will be, the GREATEST BAND TO EVER WALK THE EARTH 🌎.
I think it was the war at the Warfield vid. that this metal head brother said....and I quote... " if you don't listen to slayer , you need to just f*c king die" R.I.P. Jeff Hanneman . SLAYER died with you ! but in all fairness, I couldnt, can't , and wouldn't think of a better "fill in " ( if you were thinking of the word replacement then buck up son ! you and me are gonna swap some knuckles!) than Gary Holt. slayer and exodus go waaay back.
Moi j'ai été très chanceux j'ai assisté au premier concert en Europe chez moi en Belgique et je vais assisté au dernier passage au grasspop la boucle sera bouclée sans Jeff mais Gary assure bien aussi 🤘
Actually @msiqct is correct, those were the days. Don't get me wrong, Slayer is still the best live band, saw them last month and they were a hell machine as always. But, sadly but objectively, for most of us everything from the metal world was 'better' back then.
Is it just me or does Kerry appear to be using a Marshall JMP? And I have no idea what Jeff is plugged into I can see a Marshall at 1 point very briefly but it looks like an Ampeg or something behind him
yeah. I think Jeff did use an Ampeg for this. they used whatever the promoter could get for them since they couldn't bring their own heads and cabs. Personally, I prefer the old Ampegs to the Marshalls, especially for thrash.
God bless that one who held a VHS camera the entire concert!
Dave Lombardo is truly my number 1, most TALENTED, amazing drummer that brought joy to my life through music. Thanks Slayer
Rest in Peace Jeff Hanneman!
Thank you
🌈🌈🌈
long live the tape traders
yes i have this concert in audio tape, from the trade´s age
This was 1985, this here is pretty much the most extreme thing metal had at the time. The crowd probably shat their collective pants that day.
Pretty much, MAYBE you could say Celtic Frost or Bathory but this was faster than that & more cohesive, even though the audio is bad here, they seem to be playing even faster than on record.
For sure there were poopy pants all around. At this time Slayer was little known outside LA or SOCAL really, I was in high school in San Diego when i first heard them in 1984 on some cheap bootleg recording (before the Metal Massacre sampler) and knew it was going to be big. After this Venom brought them back to the States for their first real tour. I saw them in 85 at The California Theater in SD, with Venom (front row - full on amazing), first of 8 times for me including one time in Tijuana B.C. Mexico. That was a drunken fun fest for sure!
In "86 they went from small halls/theaters to big halls and even stadiums round the world and huge sales for metal and such an influence on music forever. One of the all time greats. OK, you get it, I love Slayer and I'll shut up now.
How’s the shit he said before necrophiliacs
I was there at 17 years old. They destroyed everyone on the bill that weekend !
Celtic Frost was arguably more extreme
The bc rich guitars they played were so cool. Mustaine played them in 85 also. Wish they were still played everywhere. They just look metal.
1985 was the greatest year of that decade. Metal ruled the world!
I was 19/20 in '85. This makes me miss those years. Very nostalgic.
Maiden Metallica and Slayer were my top 3 in 1985.
Same here! I was 20 in 1985 and I seen them 3 years later August 29 1988 at pulsations in Glen mills pa and boy do I have a killer story to tell about that night!
This was back when Kerry was actually skinny
+Gabriel Hernandez Well at least you didn't make a hair joke...
Back when they ALL were lol
Everyone is skinny at the age of 20! 35 yrs later, most aren't that skinny anymore ;-)
@@CelestialWoodway Very indeed, when reading those hair jokes, I always think 'another dumb kid'...
"The greatest festival moment was the very first fesitval we ever played. Which was in 1985 & that was the Heavy Sound Festival in Poperinge. That would have to be the greatest festival ever because until then we played clubs and traveled throughout the U.S. in a car, & then a year later we're doing this headline festival with U.F.O" - Tom Araya
Amazing. Still gives me goosebumps, no matter how many times I see it. We got them on stage early so there was no chance of their set being cut. It was quite a whirlwind few days for 6 guys from California and one from Oregon. We flew from LA on May 24, landed in London on May 25, drove an English (steering wheel on the right) splitter van on the overnight ferry to Holland, because Americans couldn't do the short Dover to Calais ferry in those days without a French visa, and they were hard to get and not all of us were US citizens at that point. We arrived at the festival site while Warlock was on stage.... all for the Metal! - Doug
Cool history. What did you do for the band ?
Ha - I was there at the concert and you can see me at 2:24 in the very front. I have the VHS tapes as well. stoked to have seen these guys back then and a few more times since.
You're famous
You lucky guy
Edwin Lap Holy shit. I was standing right next to you.
"a few more times since" I've seen them 26 times, soon to be 27 in a month. FN SLAYER!!!
I think I was standing behind both of you!
Kerry King had his black Warlock at the time with a big red inverted cross,which was totally bad-ass, this was before he whimped out with all his tribal crap on his guitar. Dave was absolutely insane that day, being at the front I could see his every move. By the time they returned for the Reign in Pain tour in Deinze the band was a killing machine! Still have the flyers from both gigs
Who was on drums for the Reign shows over there? I saw both Dave and Tony on that tour.
Prime Slayer was an unstoppable force. Luckily they had many years before they blew out and faded. It's also a young man's music so they didn't have it easy.
Man I fucking always loved that black B.C. rich warlock Kerry had then bad ass axe and even Jeffs first guitar he used on s.n.m. and I think hell awaits that black B.C. rich les Paul soundedbad ass too
30 fucking years ago!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Man, do i feel old!
Dude Metal is ageless.
Did you go to the show?
They were already known from their albums and through the mags...but the fans here waited a long time to see them live finally
I hoped to see myself on this video because I was there in the crowd in front of the stage. But not. I was from the north of France so close. And I could never imagine at that time that somebody could record the entire set. I thought it was lost for ever in the memory of the few who were there. A real shock and a back in time for me. Thank you.
In 1985 SLAYER was truly on a level of their own. Thanks for this kick ass video!!!!!
This hits harder than a 2X4 to the face here in 2022.... cannot even imagine it in1985.
Amazing set of songs at this gig, I would have been happy even today with this line up of songs at a Slayer gig, only 2 albums in and an EP and already a great set, Chemical Warfare, Captor of Sin, Die by the Sword, The Antichrist, Black Magic and At Dawn they Sleep.
Slayer laying waste to everyone and Megadeth didn't even have Peace Sells out yet and Metallica didn't even have Master of Puppets out at this stage.
Slayer, always will be my Fav out of the big 4, here they are in their youth and now already retired with one of them gone, how time flies.
Forever Legends.
Cheers to the cameraman and up-loader! I've long had this audio bootleg but never even knew there was video, I think they are the same source but not sure. This is absolutely fucking *historic* and I'm glad it's available for anyone who gives a shit! I certainly do! Again, cheers & thanx from an old codger and all long time (and new) Slayer fans everywhere! Funny I never found this before since it was uploaded four years ago...
Historic indeed....good times in the 80's. When the music mattered.
Robert Huffman hell yes we saw in Anaheim CA Radio City in 1984
slayer possessed dark angel radio city. Anaheim CA too much metal.
+Panfilo Aguayo Oh Snap you were there in 83?? On Ball Rd
Was there - nervously anticipating to see my favourite band in those days (and Slayer still is now, especially with their first albums)...they blew me away, still one of the best concerts I've ever witnessed, an experience on it's own...
I was there too! Somewhere in the crowd in front of the stage. Incredible to find out this tape of what remains an awsome memory. Thank you.
Slayer, in their prime, were fierce -- practically untouchable. No band was as intense.
there is not comparisons they are the best band Ever
I was there too,they where surprised that so many people where shouting Slayer !! yeah we loved em and still do.
I was there too, incredible. I'll remember it forever. RIP Jeff.
Wow, thanks to the filmer of this show. History captured, the mighty hell awaits tour!! I was at the 8/17/85 Montreal show & I will never forget it.
Total HYPERSPEED on "The Final Command" too!!! Insane how fast they're goin!
God damn Tom had a beautiful metal voice when he was young. Powerful, robust, intense, fresh.
Such a perfect combination of musicians.
...i wonder if satan listens to slayer? When Jeff died, do you think satan met his soul, or do you think god took him in and tried to give him a less intense instrument like a harp?
Ummmmm what
Jeb Costin Reading is hard, huh.
TheUnholyPosole yes
Well that was really fucking cringy
NEITHER HE WENT TO VALHALLA THE BIG BEER HALL IN THE SKY
It is unbelievable to realize Slayer is a group of trained professionals.
Back when Slayer had consistently great riffing.
Great stuff - was there - age 17 -very good memories - still to this day I go see SLAYER shows
Not seen this footage before - jings.
The first Slayer show I saw was at the Edinburgh Playhouse (Scotland) in April 1987, but this goes to show Slayer were blasting festivals a good couple of years previous to that. Wow.
This was the heaviest music at that time, I think half the crowd are into it and the other half are just scared sh**less.
Slayer might not be the kind of music I listen to nowadays, but I appreciate the fact that they didn't really deviate from their style and ferocity in 38 years. Quite a legacy.
WAT ABOUT MERCYFUL FATE THEN 🤪😛😉
Awesome! I got to see them live only 11 years later in Sao Paulo. Slayer has always kicked asses! Yeah!
0:28 Crossfire patch! You can tell it's Belgium!
The bill that day was : U.F.O. - Slayer - Lee Aaron - Pretty Maids - Tokyo Blade - Crossfire - Tobruk - Warlock
By far the best Slayer setlist I've ever heard!
It's great that people document these early shows. Thanks for uploading.
that scrolling banner with the song titles in the back cracks me up. thanks for this badasserry footage!!
Many many thanks to the one who has uploaded this !
Ich war Da. Vielen Dank an den Belgischen Kameramann , der damals die schweren Videokameras getragen hat !
Thanx Danke Merci !
Amazing document and era !
Greetings to all the Fans and exp. to the Guy with the Kamera. You Rule !
Bye - Toto.
S L A Y E R !!!!!
*SHOW NO MERCY, SLAYERRRRRRR, A MELHOR BANDA DE THRASH METAL DO PLANETA* 🇧🇷
Thank you for this post!!!!!! Slayer MARAVILHOSO!!!
The greatest song to open a Slayer show.
I was there
great moment
Lucky for the dude who filmed this. \m/
Nice memories then first time in Belgium and now last time 2019
I love this video!
Yea,i remember this show,j'étais présent a ce conçert et j'avais 15 ans un superbe souvenir de ma période Metal
Golden age of SLAYER (RIP).
historical footage. great.
This is Slayer in their right element. A small stage, still pretty underground, people NOT moshing, Kerry King not being a total poser with this tribal tattoos and "angry"-attitude. This is the Slayer that influenced so many bands in the underground. D.T.P.
Thanks this made my day
i just listened to my copy of a charles bronson 7 inch on the great sampler '' tomorrow will be worse''. Its a fake live recording, you hear that. all that seems live on the record are the snippets, which are speeches to a crowd in belgium.
It took me about 3 minutes now, to figure out who that recording probably was and get to this video. was a fun ride, thanks. go check the record out
All things considered, this is an excellent video!!! THANK YOU SO VERY MUCH FOR PUTTING IT ON TH-cam!!!!🤘🤘🤘🤘🤘🤘🤘🤘🤘🤘🤘🤘🤘🤘🤘🤘🤘🤘🤘🤘👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍
this is just under a month before i turned 13, i didnt discover Slayer until a couple years later but when i did i found myself surrounded by a new group of friends and frankly they were very stuck up and elitist. meaning we were all head deep into Thrash metal and everything else was old and or wimpy,.at that time the band Venom was on that list and we had no respect, listening to it now it is very obvious to me that Tom definitely has some Kronos influence. there was so much great music my angry sixteen year old mind wouldny give a chance, but also thank you Slayer for all the great memories of summer nights driving around with my friends blasting Reign In Blood and South Of Heaven.
thank you for recording this show.... nice to see!!
ahead of the times
The man with Crossfire back patch is the hardest one
that final command scream !!
THANKS for this classical video!
I got a terrible sunburn. it was a great festival, but the one the year before was even greater.
Super!!!
amazing how things never change. I got a confederate flag 15 feet on a flag pole dead center of yard and SLAYER on the shelves.
THX for the upload! \w/
great crowd
Is there anyone in the comment section who wasn't at the fucking show, lol?
Acdc, iron maiden, motorhead, metallica, slayer, the king of metal. Parabiago milano italy numero 1
Thanx for sharing!!!
Sure do miss the 80's....
i am trulyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy thankful for this!!! fucking love slayerrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr DUDE YOU ARE AMAZINGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
Venoms first show was in Belgiun! Belgiun rules!!!
Leandro J. Who asked this?
I’m pretty sure Venom’s first show was in England
Priceless...
VERDADERO SLAYER!!!!
I can hardly believe the headliner of this festival was... UFO! Yeah, time has passed...
+ilshyf Slayer is fucking Badass, but come on, UFO are also badass! It would have been great to see!
I liked UFO in the 70s, Michael Schenker, and all that and I would truly like to know what they thought of this... head scratching or flat out hate it?
+Jeremy Film Buff You lucky dog you!
48:05 - 48:45 Extreme Metal's first drum solo??
This was the birth of thrash....thrash and speed...."no extreme metal" here
@@tttarms1970 Talk about making a poor comment for no reason.
First, this wasn't 'the birth of Thrash', by 1985 Thrash was already established as a genre,
Secondly, Thrash AND Speed come under the umbrella term of Extreme Metal. Any Metal genre which is heavier and faster than Traditional metal, whether it's Thrash, Black, Death or even Speed Metal, is considered Extreme Metal.
@@njldst2007 I'm talking back then....slayer was part of the birth of thrash.. we didnt have all these bullshit sub genres like today, just like "hair metal" was not a term used... it was glam and posers...no one used extreme back then....
@@tttarms1970 No one really used Thrash in the beginning either. Thrash as a term came into use only by the mid-80s, way after Thrash had already been created and existed for some time, that's how naming genres works.
Any how, I'm using the term Extreme Metal from the perspective of the present, not only because that's what they are commonly clubbed under now, but also for a particular reason, because I'm asking if it's the first Extreme Metal drum solo period, not just Thrash metal, because by 1985, other Extreme Metal genres had existed by then too, like Black Metal and Doom metal
@@njldst2007 bullshit it wasnt used....did you grow up in the time period?? Thank god I was there from the beginning of the greatest era to develop...metal...
There is only one SLAYER,
1) Jeff Hanneman
2) Kerry King
3) Tom Araya
4) Dave Lombardo
Any other lineup is just not the same. This lineup is, and always will be, the GREATEST BAND TO EVER WALK THE EARTH 🌎.
When Tom Ayarra used to head bang..before the neck surgery.
Do It Yourself Sound Mixing. .. I find if I turn the volume up, and the treble down a little, this sounds much, much better.
bordel j'y etais merciiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
BLACK SABBATH
JUDAS PRIEST
SLAYER
anos dourados do metal ...🤘🍻🍻
I think it was the war at the Warfield vid. that this metal head brother said....and I quote... " if you don't listen to slayer , you need to just f*c king die" R.I.P. Jeff Hanneman . SLAYER died with you ! but in all fairness, I couldnt, can't , and wouldn't think of a better "fill in " ( if you were thinking of the word replacement then buck up son ! you and me are gonna swap some knuckles!) than Gary Holt. slayer and exodus go waaay back.
Nobody had a tuner backstage?
Haha..,for all you english speaking viewers: at the beginning, the announcer ends with: "OK, the Vatican house orchestra, this is SLAYER!"
Long life for slayer
Yes!!
14:04 Air drumming guy is not Gene Hoglan, is he ? :)
It could be. He was their roadie, at the time. :)
I didn't knew that. He was very skinny compared to a couple of years later.
@@carstentilsgren2079 Gene didn't do that tour
Before tuning locks...
I was there...memories
holy shit that was fast
so fast.amazing
I was there on that festival
qu'elle chance pour ces qui ont vu ce concert
quelle chance pour ceux qui étaient présent à ce spectacle. ftfw bruh...
Moi j'ai été très chanceux j'ai assisté au premier concert en Europe chez moi en Belgique et je vais assisté au dernier passage au grasspop la boucle sera bouclée sans Jeff mais Gary assure bien aussi 🤘
Any one here after slayer retierd?
UFO,lee aaron and warlock. Who woulda thought slayer would be booked with these groups
Guys Jeff is alright Satan just wanted guitar lessons
Actually @msiqct is correct, those were the days. Don't get me wrong, Slayer is still the best live band, saw them last month and they were a hell machine as always. But, sadly but objectively, for most of us everything from the metal world was 'better' back then.
Is it just me or does Kerry appear to be using a Marshall JMP? And I have no idea what Jeff is plugged into I can see a Marshall at 1 point very briefly but it looks like an Ampeg or something behind him
yeah. I think Jeff did use an Ampeg for this. they used whatever the promoter could get for them since they couldn't bring their own heads and cabs. Personally, I prefer the old Ampegs to the Marshalls, especially for thrash.
+abbik I like the Ampeg V-4
HEAVY METAL