Lactate vs. Lactic Acid Explained | Muscle Physiology
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00:35 Glycolysis
01:05 Aerobic Metabolism
01:24 Pyruvate to Krebs cycle
01:36 Anaerobic Metabolism
01:45 Creation of Lactate
01:52 Myths about lactate
02:00 ATP Hydrolysis
02:22 ATP to ADP
02:40 Muscle Acidosis
03:20 Lactate Buffering
03:50 Lactate vs. Lactic Acid
04:30 Aerobic vs. Anaerobic metabolism
04:40 Lactate Threshold Test
05:45 Anaerobic Threshold
07:45 Lactate Clearance | Where does lactate go?
08:50 Cori Cycle
09:37 Smash the Like Button and Subscribe
Lactate vs. Lactic Acid Explained | Muscle Physiology
Working out produces H+ ions (acidic environment) not good for enzyme function
pH goes down as hydrogen ions build up (muscle acidosis)
Lactate is actually a base not an acid (missing a proton) (accepts a proton)
Pyruvate + Hydrogen ion = Lactate Buffering
Lactate can give the H+ to an O2 and make H2O
Lactate often goes to type 1/ cardiac muscles/ liver (cori cycle)
Cori Cycle: • What is the Cori Cycle...
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Are there articles on these on PubMed? Would you recommend any literature to clarify the difference between lactate and lactic acid?
@@vikasafonowa I'm sure there are. You'll want to look for bioenergetic diagrams. I've always found them in physiology textbooks which are copywrite and I can't share, but I'm sure they're published in articles as well
@@TheMovementSystem Thanks )
Thank you for clarifying the role of Lactate, but still didn't understand where does the lactic acid enter in all this process?
Sour milk.
It doesn’t. Technically we don’t make lactic acid
What a jewel your channel is!
Thanks for the explanation !!! I sell a probiotic that produces only L-positive lactate and was wondering if you have done any videos on L-positive lactate vs D-negative lactate?
You did the best job of explaining Lactate, better than anything I've read or seen online. I just finished a hard run and can feel a significant difference at around 168 bpm. At around 175 bpm my body feels like it's in desperation mode!
Would have been nice to add that: "Lactic acid only exists in sour milk". That would have ended the still ongoing confusion. :) But nice explanation of how lactate is produced.
Very helpful video. Just to clarify, since lactate is a BASE and helps to buffer the hydrogen ions… is lactic acid a real substance that even exists? Or is it just an inaccurate term that people use to refer to lactate?
Lactate clearly exists and has uses.
Is Lactic acid something separate or just not a real substance and a term that should be avoided entirely?
I latic acid
Brilliant video man- well presented, explained and recorded!
Thank you, I am studying for my RDN exam and you explain this very well and connect the concepts to real life experiences.
I'm studying exercise science and this has really helped my brain understand the process. tysm
Perfect explanation. I came across this video once I finished reading McArdle's EP book. You did a great job!
When pyruvate is reduced to lactate, the proton comes from NADH not from ATP hydrolysis
yes. lmao probably doesn't matter for most people watching this video but that drove me nuts. was searching comments to see if anyone else noticed. some basic bio and chem flaws in that tidbit of the video
Glycolysis is always happening, it starts to predominate not due to lack of oxygen, but due to ATP demand becoming higher than oxidative processes can handle by themselves. Substrate (lactate) builds up if you do not have the oxidative capacity to feed it all back into TCA in a timely manner. The protons build up perhaps because there are not molecules on standby to be reduced by them fast enough. It is my understanding that glycolysis is like a machine gun. Though ATP yield is not high per glucose molecule, glycolysis can fire off ATP so fast that it is kinda unsustainable.
Very good video, thank you! Helped me clarify quite a bit.
Could someone please just answer one question though, what exactly is lactic Acid then?
Lactate is the pyruvate+H ion but what is lactic acid?
…there is no such thing as a lactic acid burn…it’s the lowering of pH ( hydrogen ions )..of the localized area…which lowers O2 to the nerves…almost like the pain of neuropathy…whereas lactate ( base ) is used in the CORI Cycle … his explanation is excellent…
Just subscribed to your channel. Appreciate the informative video on this topic. Stumbled across this while trying to research the link between anaerobic high intensity exercise and increased levels of uric acid in the body that lead to gout flare ups which prevents further exercise. If you have any insight on this, would appreciate if you can share!
I assume most discomfort or pain is a signal by the body to help us prevent damage to ourselves. It sounds like this whole process is easily dealt with and casually cleared, so why is our body sending us the signal of discomfort? Is the signal an error or is there something going on we are being warned about?
This video is clear and easy to understand. But you don't mention that the kidneys also remove lactate. Is their contribution insignificant compared to the other pathways?
Hmm.. I don't think he explained what lactic acid & its role is, how is it differ from lactate & what forms lactic acid. Or did I miss it totally?
smash the like button for lactate! clap for lactate
Long distance triathlete here. I have no science knowledge but I find that when I urinate that my muscles regroup when strained. Not sure if that helps with getting rid of lactate
With that much LACTATE RBCs are gonna go crazy
This was a ride back to chemistry classes great reminder for me and great explaination from you.
Subscribed. Great information and well presented . Thanks.
This video is really helpful to understand the differences btw lactic acid and lactate. Thank you! :)
You’re welcome
Really? It explained what lactate was in detail and then he used it synonymously with lactic acid later. So please can you tell me the difference between the 2 seeing how you understand the differences ?
We don't produce lactic acid.
@@jono1457-qd9ft I think we do, but it immediately dissociates and becomes a lactic salt (lactate), plus a hydrogen ion. Either way, lactate is a usable substrate that the body loves, and it doesn't cause acidosis.
Love the content!
Such a quality vid. You’ve covered this topic rly well on your channel almost no one talks abt atp hydrolysis or how our skeletal muscle gets into an undesirable acidic environment. Thanks
You rock 👊🏻. Great video!
Thanks man! Now I understand the term lactate
Plz make video on energy system for climbing rope, and how to train which training method to increase anaerobic endurance.
This is the video I have been looking for!!
?????? Totally not confusing at all.....
I just wanted to learn how to lactate...
This is an incredible explanation
THIS IS SOOOO GOOD!!! I love it.
I think that a little clarification is needed.
You say that lactate is being produced at the same time as hydrogen ions and that lactate accepts a hydrogen ion.
However in the video “Lactic acid doesn’t cause muscle burn” you spell out that pyruvate+hydrogen ions = lactate.
Is lactate formed by pyruvate combining with hydrogen ions or does lactate attach to hydrogen ions in performing a clearance function?
As far as i understand:
1. Pyruvate ->
2. lactate dehydrogenase (adding a total of 2 H+ molecules to pyruvate)
(1 H+ from the NADH: co factor in this reaction and another 1 H+ molecule from …. Somewhere 😅)
= Lactate
@@dragonassassins1 Thank you for the clarification.
Working on my CSCS and wanted more context out of textbooks. Thank you for this. I’ll be watching more videos!
Sweet. Make sure you also join my CSCS study group on Facebook: facebook.com/groups/2415992685342170/?ref=share
I have a question pertaining to that subject. Oxygenation is required for the oxidative phosphorylation. Increased mitochondria within muscle cells improve VO2Max. How is the capillarisation of muscle fibres improved to increse overall oxygen supply and what drives that process. How do I train for improvement of capillarisation? Does it have anything to do with aerobic threshold and lactate build up? I hop[e I am not confusing things too much.
So helpful! Big question for you... I have Long Covid and am a life long endurance athlete (running and cycling). After a year of Long Covid I "have it under control" by using a HR monitor and ensuring I stay aerobic under 145 bpm. This approach has been working great for the past few months in avoiding any Long Covid relapses. I am convinced from my experiences that exercising even briefly in an anaerobic state can bring on a Long Covid relapse. I don't understand the biology that occurs, but from my reading the immune system in those of us with Long Covid over reacts from excessive exertion which "causes" the relapses with a flood of T-cells. My question is this.. Not only have I been using the HR monitor to avoid relapses I have also been increasing my glucose intake during exercise using energy drinks and exercise nutrition. This is unusual for me on a 2 hour mountain bike ride, as I historically use glucose stored in the body for 1-2 hours and replenish after the ride. I just took a guess that ensuring I had more glucose in the system during exercise I would raise the threshold or prolong the onset where I produced what I thought of as "lactic acid", but now understand as hydrogen ions. Do you think my use of my on-the-bike energy drinks and snacks helps or hurts my chances of getting into a state where I'm likely to have a relapse?
How does the brain clear the lactate out of muscles?
It is oxidized. Any oxidative tissue such as type 1 muscle fibers, cardiac muscle, or brain tissue can oxidize it.
That was a great video
Theoretically speaking, what could cause a steap decrease in lactate threshold? I have been in really good shape over that past few years but have suffered a preceived decrease associated with an increase in inflammation. I beleive that this inflammation is contributing to nutrient deficiencies that, in turn, are shifting my metabolism from VERY flexible towards needing much more carbohydrates.
SO SO HELPFUL!
Is the heart rate related by some mathematical equation to the threshold? I see 155 for the runner on your video. I am just confused between VO2 max and threshold and Heart Rate on why we can not find a clear scientific equation that relates them (just like your perfect explanation for Lactate using Chemistry).
Hi sir I am from India my son is 2 and half years by birth elivated lactatic acid IEM after GCMS REPORT how is life sir please tell me what about
I can get to a 150 hear rate from pedaling fast on medium resistance or pedaling slow on high resistance.
What are the physiological causes for increased heart rate from higher resistance?
What are the causes for increased heart rate from faster pace?
Is something different impeding blooddlow for each?
How would you explain resting values of ~ 1 mmol/l ? Clearly, there is oxygen available...
Yes there’s oxygen available at rest but some muscle fibers are just very glycolytic and primarily produce lactate due to very low mitochondria. There are probably other reasons as well that I’m not aware of
@@TheMovementSystem Yes, lactate is a fuel and there is a tendency that lactate flows from glycolytic to oxidative fibres, eg heart muscle (lactate shuttle theory). But the point is, in exercise lack of oxygen is not required that pyruvate converts to lactate - the amount of lactate produced is a function of glycolysis.
“Most likely muscle tears”… this is similar to Dr Andrew Huberman’s to the same topic. He stated “most likely due to calcium movement”. He did state some was due to muscle tears however it seems to me this is a bit of a mystery. Thanks for the chemical breakdown process. This helps a great deal
Thanks for the amazing video
Thanks for watching
@@TheMovementSystem what other quals do you have or can anyone just make "educational channels"
Thank you
Is there a way to relieve muscle soreness and tension without taking anything synthetic
I have tried everything for TMJ
ATP hydrolysis produce phosphate, not phosphoric acid. No proton is produced.
So how would you define lactic acid? Awesome channel btw!
I'm wondering the same!
I am wondering the same thing!
lactate + hydrogen ions = lactic acid
@@bangnikabang6501 but its not actually acidic?
@@axelh5775 it is, as it’s an acid
I'm stressed out, got my bioenergetics final exam in a day. If I pass it'll be because of you.
Is there proof of the existence of lactic acid? I don't mean lactate, i mean lactic acid
Chance you could explain Beta Alanine effects on this topic
Super. In 21km run do u recommend gels??
That's typically a distance where you would see benefits from intra workout nutrition such as a gel or sport drink
Do sodium bicarbonate capsules work to lower lactic acid?
one of my strong athlete suffers muscle fatigue , how to avoid this problem?
Is lactate responsible for throwing up or going to the bathroom
❤🎉🎉🎉
so if your type 1 muscles are bigger, does that mean they can use more lactate and clear it fasteR?
Sort of. That also has to do with enzyme levels
@@TheMovementSystem So say I'm a cyclist and I build some serious muscle in my upper body. (All else being equal) I would be able to clear lactate faster but the acidity in my blood isn't going to be lower than before? So theoretically, I would have to stop at the same effort, but my lactate levels would be lower? :D
Or, could that pyruvate be 'freed' in other muscles and then be used again to buffer protons?
@@MrMattie725Those muscles consuming the lactate will still need oxygen to liberate the hydrogen ion so your capacity to clear the lactic acid is still going to be determined by your maximum oxygen uptake i.e VO2 max 👍
Thanks 🙏🏾
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Amazing 🎉
great video
If the role of lactate is actually buffering the H+, which sounds like a good thing, why is the accumulating lactate in the body actually limit the performance? Great video BTW!
Why do you think accumulating lactate limits performance? In fact I think metabolic acidosis is what is likely limiting performance and lactic acid is just building up at the same time
@@TheMovementSystem In the video you say it is wrong to refer to lactate as lactic acid and yet use that term in the reply.
WAY too complex
GOD is so beyond amazing. HE loves you all ❤️✝️
Explain lactate shuttle
????? wtf - you havent explained the difference at all. You in detail explained lactate then used it synonymous with lactic acid later on. misleading title
Be grateful and grow up
@@curly_wurly_7219 be grateful for what. A misleading title ? And my time wasted. Seems like you have zero to input here so perhaps take your own advice and grow up. 🛎️ end
@@curly_wurly_7219 did you even watch the video ? Tell you what smart ass hit me with the time stamp with when he explains the difference. Reread the title of the video. It’s not called “what is lactic acid “ which is all that’s explained. Come on go get your big boy pants on and explain to me why my comment is not justified ?? I will be waiting. See when you can’t because what I said is right , then get back into your box and stfu 🤫 !!
@@curly_wurly_7219you enjoying your time back in your box !
…to be truthful, it’s complex chemistry …and I understand why you don’t understand his precise explanation…ignore the replies who think you’re just a troll…
Why can't my exercise phys profs explain things like this 🥲