Who Wrote the Gospels?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 7 ก.ย. 2023
- Are the Gospels anonymous? Many scholars say the titles were only added long after they were written, but what does the evidence say?
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Don’t forget to watch part 1:
th-cam.com/video/SUI-7durA1g/w-d-xo.htmlsi=Fmerc2L_D_VB_qsc
Hey IP, look into the safety of those earbuds, because RF waves so close to your brain is not optimal, I would not trust manufacturers saying "our products are safe", given the long history of their lies, if you've been feeling a little scatter brain lately, I'd wouldn't put the earbuds passed that. Remember their lies on the safety of lead, asbestos, DDT, tobacco, C19 vx. 🙏God bless you and your family.
There's more manuscript support for the new testament than any other piece of ancient literature.
Thanks, will go to part one now :)
This is brilliant showcase of why the 'anonymous gospels' argument is so farfetched.
People like Bart Ehrman who advocate it seem completely oblivious about why it is a stupid idea. I think the reason they believe it is that they have a conscious or unconscious assumption that “Christians are gullible morons who blindly believe whatever they are told” Sure they never put it that way, but how else would just believe a random document you accidentally stumbled upon that describes this Jesus guy dying and coming back to life despite having absolutely no idea who wrote it or why. If anything, “ gullible moron” might be too polite a term to describe such people
Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John did write the 4 Gospels, but it's also true that they wrote the anonymously. They didn't put their names on them. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries, "gospels" started cropping up specifically attributed to a writer (like Thomas, Judas, et. al.) in order to give it a credibility that it did not have. Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John were known to be written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John; they already had that credibility, and didn't need the names attached in the text.
@@michaelkelleypoetryI would argue that it was probably due to modesty on their part. To the authors, who wrote them wasn't important. It was the message that they were telling people about that was important.
I agree with your opinion. I always felt the gospel writers loved christ so much they omitted their names.
@@michaelkelleypoetry Yes, by that definition, 99.999999% of all books are anonymous as there are very few books where the author names himself in the text. The anonymous gospel theory really holds that people read, distributed, believed and suffered painful, agonizing deaths, for the gospel despite having absolutely no clue who wrote them, and put that way, it should be obvious that the theory is false
My absolute favorite part of any IP video is when Michael says "However"!
Then what follows is a reaffirmation of Faith.
At least for me it is.
Thank you Mr. Jones!
May Jesus Christ see your fine works and bless you for it! ✝️
I actually started using however a lot more in debates because of IP 🤣
Another great entry from IP. I knew Matthew being falsely labeled made no sense due to his place in Jewish society, but I had not thought about why Mark and Luke made no sense until now. As for John, it definitely makes sense that he is the author of only because it took 1900 years for a debate to even arise
That makes no sense and doesn’t follow. The authorship of the gospels didn’t take 1900 years to be debated. It was debated less than a hundred years after they were written when the names where attributed to them. We know that the people who attributed the names to them didn’t actually know who wrote them and we know why they decided to give them those names. None of this is a mystery like it is presented in the video. Heck the video gives other examples of writings from around the same time that did not have the authors name in them internally. But this video completely skips over how we knew who wrote those. My guess is it was skipped over because if it was explained then people wouldn’t give much credence to the argument the video is presenting. In other words they purposely left it out the information to deceive people.
@@lubrew5862you should be debating Michael on this, not me, I am going off what he said
@@lubrew5862It is my understanding that within the Church itself in the early 2nd century it is not their authorship which was debatted but their reliability to the Oral tradition already circulating, from Papias we know it was already being known for example that Mark was attributed to Mark, and that Mathew composed a "logia" in Aramaic which was either the Gospel or the source behind it. To me this is a proof that a hundred year later ( which is by the way really misleading but move on) the authorship was not the problem but their reliability as per the tradition, From what is known Papias investigated not the authorship but the authority of the Gospel which to me shows that the he wanted to know if the author was reliable. And it seems that he concluded they are after investigation and affirmation from "John the elder ". This is to me enough to conclude the author were known from the moment they circulated to the point where some who received them question who was that "Mark" anyway or Why should i listen to a "Mathew" instead of what the Apostle taught directly.
@@lubrew5862 literally you're whole argument is false. The only mention of an authorship other than Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, is an example from the 3rd to 4th Century Gnostic who attributed Cerinthus, the heretic, to making the gospel of John. This is simply false information since all the evidence prior to that attestation attributes John as the author
@@lubrew5862I call BS on that. Based on what sources do we know why the Gospels were attributed the way they were?
IP's videos should be shown in all Christian classes
I agree. This dude is brilliant!I don't agree with everything he says, but man! He's astute!
Yeah much better than the typical fundamentalist 20 year old outdated material that’s still being shown.
Yet another instance where an argument against the Bible relies on criticism a real historian would never apply to an ancient work.
Also relies on the assumption ancient people were stupid and gullible, unlike us enlightened modern folk.
@@tomasrocha6139 You need to be consistent. You are right that there were disputes on some of the Epistles because we have records of Church Fathers giving different opinions on the authorship. It should be also be telling these same Church Fathers all agree on the authorship of the Gospels. We also have their writings denouncing the Apocrypha Gospels on grounds of their late and fraudulent construction. The authorship of the Gospels were not a problem until modern scholars made them a problem purely on conjecture.
Thank you for this brilliant summary. You are generously doing this research so we don't have to, and handing us all the facts we need to face the doubters and malicious debunkers!
The word 'malicious' is really key here. The standards the gospels are being held to is absurd, given the same intensity isn't applied to other sources. The time of their writing comes to mind as an example. Plenty of historical figures are only documented in sources a hundred years or more after the fact, yet people are perfectly happy to accept these. Yet, the gospels emerging 40-60 years afterward is somehow an issue.
what kills me is if I write a letter the only thing that proves it's from me is on the envelope so why would anyone assume that there has to be some official seal on the letter itself back in their time? it was common practice then and it is so now.
If I write a letter, it has my signature at the end. And the *letters* in the NT do have the authors' names. Even today, if you pick up a paperback detective story, the author's name isn't in the *text*. It's on the cover and in the front matter, but you don't find it in chapter 1.
@richardokeefe7410 many of the letters do say who they are from just not signed at the end and if I'm real with ya the last time I sent a letter I did not sign it at the end because it was not necessary.
That point on Theophilus(6:48) was so mind-blowing. I never would have thought of something like that. Great video!
Same ! It’s so obvious yet I never put 2 & 2 together
I find it to be kind of a strange point. If we assume there was in fact a specific individual named Theophilus who received the first copy of the Gospel of Luke from the author then yes, it follows that that person likely knew who the author was. But how do we know that Theophilus is the source of the attribution of the work to Luke? We know nothing about Theophilus other than his name and the fact that the author addresses him as "most excellent".
It's also possible that Theophilus (meaning "friend of God") was not actually a specific individual, and the text was intended for anyone fitting that description.
@Electricalpenguin but the attribution in Acts strongly suggests that the author knew that Theophilus was familiar with his earlier work. That is harder to explain if Theophilus was a generic. Also most names back then meant something, and a lot of names today have meanings even though we don't pay much attention to them.
@@DarrenGedye
Why would that be definitive? Works in a series, particularly works that purport to be historical, will typically assume the listener’s or reader’s familiarity with prior texts in the series.
One has to make a much stronger case that “Theophilus” isn’t simply “Dear Reader.”
It's unfortunate that Theophilus means "friend of God" and was also a reasonably common name. It's probably impossible to determine for sure whether this was a specific person or just a compliment to the reader.
I think Theophilus was probably not a real person. The reason is that if Theophilus was a specific individual, he would have had to be a wealthy patron. The cost of producing Luke + Acts would likely be equivalent to about two million dollars in today's money. Someone capable and willing to commissioning this work should have been important enough to warrant a mention by some church father somewhere.
This is essentially an argument from silence, so it's not definitive proof, but I think it tips the scales.
But I do agree that if Theophilus was real, that is strong evidence that Luke was actually the author of Luke.
Great point about Caesar not naming himself as author and even refering to himself in the third person in his Commmentaries, yet nobody seriously denies his authorship...
That's one of the weakest parts of the argument. I burst out laughing when he made that ridiculous statement about Caesar, smh.
@@johnmichaelson9173 And I can't take seriously your post which is evidence and counterpoint free...
@@johnmichaelson9173how is it weak ?
@@Some_Deist You're online do your own research?
@@el_killorcure Bothered, you're a total dick.😁
I’ve been searching information on this topic for the past month, and you’ve brought the arguments all together for me so succinctly! Thank you!
Ip continues to honour Jesus so wonderfully may God inspire him to fight for the christian faith in trying times.
You probably weren’t trying to be rude, but please capitalize Jesus’s name, and God. You can also capitalize every time you use He or Him when talking about Jesus. Thank you
@@reachforthestars7040 My bad!
@@colinsmith1288 oh no it’s okay. Just wanted to let you know
@@reachforthestars7040 All is good.Honouring our heavenly father properly shows respectful standards.
Hello! This video is exactly what i have been needing, thank you and God bless
I’ve been waiting for a clear-cut video on this. It will be such a big help when trying to explain to others. God Bless you!
IP is a gem!! Love this. God bless your family and Ministry ❤️🙏✝️
I've always found the timing of the skeptics argument kind of convenient. From the second century onward we know 100% that the gospels had titles. We also have zero attestation that they ever didn't have the titles or had different names attached. Yet for the one century where we don't have anything it is assumed without evidence that they were anonymous. We have no evidence of this and we do have 19 centuries of the contrary yet for the one century with a question mark it is simply assumed that these documents couldn't have had names attached.
They are still formally anonymous. Someone could write a manuscript, you saw them write it in front of you, yet it could be formally anonymous. The identity of the Gospels and their authors is known historically
@@TheThreatenedSwan I wonder if anyone will ever claim that we have no idea who wrote the Gettysburg Address? :P
@@Crosshair84 Well it's not a published work, but it is a historical fact Lincoln said it. It's also an extra-Biblical historical fact of who wrote the Gospels even if the authors are never identified within. This is still a problem for people that hold to sola scriptura. Some atheist authors conflate the text being anonymous with being unable to identify who wrote them even through natural reason probabilistically.
@@TheThreatenedSwanThat’s not a problem for those who hold to “sola Scriptura” . Sola Scriptura only suggest that only scripture is completely infallible.
.
That DOES NOT mean that one can’t look at historical evidence and come to a rational conclusion that it’s accurate….
@@sjappiyah4071 The point is people are trying to avoid a circular criteria by saying it must have been written by an apostle or apostolic man, but then they have to appeal to extra-Biblical information for the Gospels plus we have no idea who wrote Hebrews
I've been a supported of "why do you believe?" not just believing. Your content has been a great source of historical and logical arguments for the authenticity of Christianity and the Bible.
@@theguyver4934 stop lying
@theguyver4934 these are all common arguments Muslims use to discredit Christianity. There is more than enough evidence proving that the Quran isn't the same as it was when your prophet wrote it. I am a Christian. I stand for and by the God of the Bible, ans Jesus is His Son.
@aSUGAaddiction
And as a Muslim I take exception to your comment and felt the need to correct you. But let me say that Christians discredit their own Bible without ANY help from the Muslims. This video is a testimony of that in itself. If you stand for what the Bible says, then explain why Jesus LIED to the Young man next to him on the cross?
@aSUGAaddiction
Jesus says to the young man on the cross next to Him; TODAY you will be with me in Paradise"! Now you and I both know THAT was a LIE!
@@Toronado2this is because you are using such a small mind to think you’ve found inconsistency … but you haven’t. The moment Christ’s heart stopped beating He was in Paradise - and He received His new convert with the Father precisely as promised to the man… The second day He (so many believe) went down into the underworld - and quite possibly saved people cast down there whose hearts He could reach.
The Third Day His Spirit was rejoined with His “dead” flesh and He Resurrected his body into a beautifully transfigured new version of it - passing through the burial shroud in an instant “impossibly” - and He left NOTHING remaining for any man to find, but a ghostly imprint upon the material of the cloth.
EVERYTHING in the Holy Bible is accurate, for the simple reason that God came down to walk among us - to enter into “His-story” and the realm of Time and Matter - to endure enormous suffering as a legacy of His adoration of His Creation - the love of Man - and by way of dividing us up into those who will follow Him (the Chosen flock) and those who will not.
Excellent work, IP. I knew a couple of these considerations already, but you definitely added to my apologetic knowledge on this topic with this video.
Yeah videos are not the best to be referenced.
Get ready for a Paulogia video
haha
I recommend creating a blog and uploading all the information you present in your videos. In this way we will have the information available in writing to be able to use it in research, debates, talks or talks on social networks or in person, to have sources or for academic work. Of course, always giving you your respective credits.
The dude already has a blog. ^-^
Also, he cites academic sources which are better to cite than any summary of them. One big problem in society is that we want soundbites from echo chambers more than scholarly works. Most of IP's shorts are him criticizing said soundbites.
Incredible work. Thank you so much.
Love your work IP. God has blessed you with a sharp and studious mind.
Thanks Jones. This is a beautiful addition to what I had read in Dr. Brant Pitre's book. Thanks again for the great work.
Great video IP. Very informative and helpful, eloquently presented.♥️✝️💯
Uhhh if they were anonymous, how come on the top of the page in my Bible has the author? Too ez man.
They were not,
And it's because they were not that everyone said they came from the same people, until new atheists in modern and post modern era had an agenda to unreasonably question everything linked with Christiannity.
Checkmate, atheists.
@@dodleymortune4312 Look at the guy’s comment again, he’s being sarcastic
@@ashixxk7614
I know, that's why I answerd....
He competely misreprented what the argument of the video was and I answerd him back by actually giving the right argument.
😂😂
This was excellently done IP
Thank you for pointing out these key aspects concerning the authorship of the Gospels!
This video is really interesting and insightful!
Many thanks!
I see you are updating your arguments for the new testament.
Nice video, Keep it up Michael!
Great video InspiringPhilosophy! God bless you!
When I was an undergrad theology student, I would be told this stuff, and figured there were great scholarly reasons for this, even though they were never given. Now that I’m older I’ve learned that most of them are really just wildly speculative and ignore all external evidence.
ignore what external evidence? the authorship of Gospels?
Yeah, I was told that we have no reason to believe the traditional authorship of the gospels, and that these were names added later.
But what they meant was there was no internal evidence. Nothing saying I, Matthew, the Apostle of Jesus Christ and eyewitness to the events described herein, write this Gospel.
They ignore the external evidence, like the early and unanimous identification of the traditional authors with each gospel. Plus, the fact that we never have a manuscript of an orthodox gospel with a different name attributed to it, etc.
Like we have a manuscript of John from ~125 AD that attributes the gospel to John. Given that most scholars believe the gospel was written approximately AD 90, that means about 30 years later people attributed the gospel to John. That’s pretty good evidence for authorship. The best we can say is that from an early date, people unanimously agreed on who the author of each gospel was.
Good work as always
This information is invaluable. Your channel is a tremendous blessing. Thanks, as always, for your diligent scholarship.
Commenting to help. Great work, Michael
Great points here! I like how you ended by asking for counter-points to explain the anonymous author theory.
Excellent video. Very interesting and informative.
Thank you for that. Outstandingly concise and overwhelming evidence showing the Gospels were not anonymous.
Sorry, but the "anonymous" argument is another that falls apart through proper scholarship.
So most scholars on the New Testament don't do proper scholarship, but IP does?
@@andrewtsai777, actually many people call themselves "New Testament scholars", but clearly have agendas. The vast majority agree more with IP, but people like Bart Ehrman get all the attention because he renounced his faith and became an atheist. "New Atheism" is the Media's favorite bunch.. but even those like Ehrman take time to utterly destroy the worst of "academics and scholars": adherent to Christ Myth Theory. Ehrman himself pretty much has little time to push the "anonymous argument" as he spends much of his time debunking (actually DESTROYING) CMT easier than it is to wipe after using the bathroom.
I have been waiting for this! Lets Gooo!! To Glory of our Lord Jesus Christ!
So glad you covered this topic. I recently read Brant Peters “the case for Jesus” which went into detail about the authors. Think you did a great job of covering the same stuff
I've heard of that book, but I think his last name is spelled Pietre
@@owenkilcup6504 yes! That’s the one.
Thank you so much for your comprehensive review, which shows that critical arguments based solely on internal anonymity require more special pleading than required by acceptance of the traditional authorship.
Glad it was helpful!
@InspiringPhilosophy So disappointing IP. But what else can we expect from apologetics?
---------------------------------------------------------
*"Neither the evangelists nor their first readers engaged in historical analysis. Their aim was to confirm Christian faith (Lk. 1.4; Jn. 20.31). Scholars generally agree that the Gospels were written forty to sixty years after the death of Jesus. They thus do not present eyewitness or contemporary accounts of Jesus’ life and teachings.*
Unfortunately, much of the general public is not familiar with scholarly resources like the one quoted above; instead, Christian apologists often put out a lot of material, such as The Case For Christ, targeted toward lay audiences, who are not familiar with scholarly methods, in order to argue that the Gospels are the eyewitness testimonies of either Jesus’ disciples or their attendants. *The mainstream scholarly view is that the Gospels are anonymous works, written in a different language than that of Jesus, in distant lands, after a substantial gap of time, by unknown persons, compiling, redacting, and inventing various traditions, in order to provide a narrative of Christianity’s central figure-Jesus Christ-to confirm the faith of their communities."*
*As scholarly sources like the Oxford Annotated Bible note, the Gospels are not historical works (even if they contain some historical kernels).*
*"Majority of Scholars agree: The Gospels were not written by Eyewitnesses - Escaping Christian Fundamentalism"*
Also, look up:
*"How do we know that the biblical writers were* ***not*** *writing history? -- by Dr Steven DiMattei"*
*"When Were the Gospels Written and How Can We Know? - The Doston Jones Blog"*
*"How Did The Gospel Writers Know? - The Doston Jones Blog"*
*"Yes, the Four Gospels Were Originally Anonymous: Part 1 - The Doston Jones Blog"*
*"Are Stories in the Bible Influenced by Popular Greco-Roman Literature? - The Doston Jones Blog"*
*"Gospels Not Written By Matthew, Mark, Luke or John - The Church Of Truth"*
*"February 2015 - Escaping Christian Fundamentalism"* - Isaiah 53
*"Jesus and the Messianic Prophecies - Did the Old Testament Point to Jesus? - The Bart Ehrman Blog"*
*"Did Jesus Fulfill Prophecy? | Westar Institute"*
*"Jesus Was Not the Only “Prophet” to Predict the Destruction of the Temple - Escaping Christian Fundamentalism"*
IP always with quality crystal clear contents ❤
Eric Manning over at Testify often points out that Matthew has more references (and accurate calculations) of money than any of the other Gospels, which would make sense if it was written by a tax-collector. I have noticed that there are points (specifically the Resurrection narrative) where John's Gospel will brush over details John wasn't present for (Jesus' appearance to the women) before flushing out details he is present for (Peter and John going to see the empty tomb). So even internally there are some compelling reasons to connect the traditional authors. If later Church Fathers came up with these authors out of nowhere, they got really lucky or were really thinking brilliantly outside the box in a way that might seem unlikely for them to do.
thanks for the plug for more good content like this!
Good points. It also makes no sense to attribute names to people who weren't necessarily renown or that would give the manuscripts more weight and credibility. The fact that they're attributed to normal people that nobody ever heard of makes it feel more compelling to me 🧐
"Matthew" also has 3 times more "copy and pasted" scriptures from the "Old testament" compared to the other gospels.
Matthew also copied most of his content from Mark. A real eye witness of Jesus would be a source, not a copier.
Matthew's gospel seems to be little more than an altered version of Mark with interpolations added to fit the author's agenda.
Justin Martyr, who was the first person to make detailed references to the content of the gospels, never once mentioned the supposed authors, Matthew, Mark, Luke, or John. Paul didn't even seem to be aware of the most of the content in the gospels.
It's not exactly "brilliant" to simply put together specific scriptures which would be fitting for a supposed "tax collector author."
It would be at least a little more impressive if they edited out the blatant religious contradictions in Matthew (and other gospels) where Jesus said things like, "you can't serve both God and money." Where as in Judaism (Deuteronomy 28) those who serve "the Lord" are blessed with wealth.
@@therion5458 Matthew didn't just copy Mark but yeah, Mark was sort of it's skeleton but using other sources to embellish ur own biography doesn't mean anything. Ancient Authors did it, Soljonisken(spelling that wrong) did it in the Gulag Archepelago.
And you know, it is hard to trust ur characterization of Justin Martyr when you give no examples and in the next paragraph when you give an example for something, it is a none contradictory "contradiction". You know having alot of money and worshipping money aren't the same thing right? Or do you need a series of basic Sunday school lessons to understand that?.
@@ikengaspirit3063 The Gulag Archipelago by Solzhenitsyn is almost a 700 page book. Solzhenitsyn didn't need to copy someone else in order to be reminded of what happened to himself.
He gave credit to other sources when he used them in his book. Matthew's gospel does no such thing.
The gospel of Matthew is a short book who's author needed to copy 90% of Mark for it's content.
It is simply a fact that Justin Martyr never mentioned the gospel authors. What do you not understand about that?
Jesus said it is practically "impossible" for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven. Jesus was also a homeless man.
As opposed to the patriarchs of Judaism who were very rich. Being rich and serving God are compatible in Judaism.
The teachings of Jesus concerning worldly riches are the complete opposite.
Great work yet again
Brilliantly researched and referenced. When we know that the titles are correct we here confidence of the historical accuracy of the content.
The four gospels are anonymous.
@@MrMortal_RaAre you a parrot?
Great video InspiringPhilosophy!
Thank you for making this video.
love your content man
You should have mentioned the use of first-person pronouns in the Book of Acts.
I plan on saving that for another video when we get to the reliability of acts
@@PureCurebyFaith as always ask for their sources first.
@@PureCurebyFaith The first response I would give is asking "What evidence is there?" There are a lot of claims floating around with no real evidence. You can automatically point them to the Dead Sea Scrolls and how accurately it was handed down for a minimum of 2000 years. We have the same reliability with the New Testament.
Council of nicea! That is your source
@@phoenixtoash2396the council of Nicea didn't set the Canon or attribute the gospels
Spectacular work
May god bless your service
Out of 100 Roman biographies 98 of them the authors are mentioned in the third person and first person self reference is lacking.
Well said. The standards of the 1st century are not the same as the standards of today.
which 100 biographies are you referring to?
@Greyz I don’t know all of them, but I do know that Plutarch left most of his 60-ish writing as anonymous without mentioning his authorship, yet his authorship was uncontested because his recipients knew who wrote them.
@@samueljennings4809 plutarch has a bunch of falsely attributed writings too
This is amazing!
Excellent video IP
Very interesting, thank you, especially that no other authorship is suggested at the time.
Terrific video.
Professor David Alan Black's work
Why Four Gospels
does an excellent job defending traditional authorship and sequence.
I got hit with this argument yesterday. Thanks, your work is very helpful. God Bless.
“The gospel is that I am so sinful that Jesus had to die for me, yet so loved and valued that Jesus was glad to die for me. This leads to deep humility and deep confidence at the same time. I can’t feel superior to anyone, and yet I have nothing to prove to anyone.”
- Tim Keller
Excellent discussion on the attribution of the four gospels to the four traditional authors and how their authorship was maintained from first publication until present.
Really great stuff
@@theguyver4934No ..sorry Jesus And his followers were not vegetarians and were Not ebionites. .. Jesus's disciples the early christians were Nazarenes who were Jewish christians who believed in the deity of Jesus and the father as God and the son as the redeemer from sin of which the doctrine of the trinity is based on . so you are wrong...... And early christians who were Jewish fully believed that Jesus was divine and was theologically in line with modern Christianity. Ebionites are not the direct followers of Jesus and there is no historical evidence that Jesus's direct followers were ebionites ...
Muhammad and Allah Are false. Jesus is lord.
Great video!
Thanks Irenaeus
THEY ATE FISH@@theguyver4934
@@theguyver4934 Whilst I am not sure about Hell, vegetarian, what about the Passover Lamb, would you please cite your sources so that I can investigate.
Do you plan on addressing the disputed Pauline epistles in a future video?
Well done, IP.
Damn IP this is great
Thank you
You welcome
Awesome work.
Many people are scared of the unforgivable sin, u should make a complete video about it, many will approciate.
Spot on video, incredible
Great job.
If you were gonna toss some random names on there, why not use more popular Biblical characters like Peter or Andrew? I think Jairus from Capernaum gets more lines in the gospels than Matthew does, you could probably claim he wrote one of the gospels if you were really just picking names out of a hat.
Also if they were just giving random names as authors why didn't the early church give a name for the book of Hebrews
If I was gonna pick 4 names to attribute the Gospels to, then I would go with Peter, Mary Magdalene, Paul, and John.
@@Rocky-ur9mn Hebrews is an epistle and named for who the letter was written too. Like Galatians was written to the church at Galicia.
Poor Philip gets hardly mentioned at all.
I would add that even if they are "anonymous " we can still show that the authors where well informed, .....we know this most (if not all) the verifiable historical facts mentioned in the gospels are true ..... so if the authors where well informed they are reliable regardless if we know their names or not.
Thanks a lot for all your work, may God bless you! Would be nice in the future if you can do something about old testament and pslms propechys about Jesus or if those are only cherrypicking. Thanks and take care
Thank you, I appreciate the support. I’ll look into that topic
Excellent!!
Hey, I know the answer to this one:
Matthew
Mark
Luke and
John
This whole argument build on "likely and unlikely" as a core
Thank you.
Here is a great topic was an early struggle I had. Exudos 20:34 ( to 3rd or 4th generation) and Ezekiel 18:20 (A son shall pay for the father's sin)
Exodus 20 34 is easy to understand : it's not about guilt, it's about consequences. It takes that long for the negative consequences of sins to wear off. I certainly still suffer for bad things my grandparents did!
Ezekiel 18, on the other hand, is about guilt, justice, and punishment. It makes it clear that children bear no guilt for their parents' sins. (So much for original sin!)
Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John did write the 4 Gospels, but it's also true that they wrote the anonymously. They didn't put their names on them. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries, "gospels" started cropping up specifically attributed to a writer (like Thomas, Judas, et. al.) in order to give it a credibility that it did not have. Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John were known to be written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John; they already had that credibility, and didn't need the names attached in the text.
Mark and Luke didn't have "credibility". Mark was Peter's interpreter and Luke followed Paul. It was the credibility of Peter and Paul that people took the writings of Mark and Luke seriously. Ironically, having Mark and Luke be attached to the two Gospels is evidence against them being fabrications. As you mention, the later fabrications ALWAYS attach themselves to one of the apostles. Because a later forger in the 2nd century wouldn't know details like, "Who is a close and credible follower of Thomas".
@@Crosshair84 Yes, they did. Part of the early church's criteria for canonicity was for a book to either be written by an apostle or an associate of an apostle. I suggest you watch the short lecture by Daniel Wallace at Biola University, "Did the Ancient Church Muzzle the Canon?". The fact that Luke was associated with Paul and Mark with Peter gave their gospels credibility. Also, the forger of the Gospel of Thomas put Thomas name on it because Thomas was an Apostle. They were trying to give it a credibility it didn't inherently have.
We can't know exactly what means of identifying themselves they used, but they must have been identified somehow - and quite early as well, for there to be consensus so early on all four.
@@michaelkelleypoetry We're agreeing with each other, but using slightly different terminology. Mark's credibility comes from Peter and Luke's credibility comes from Paul. Absent their association with them, they don't have any credibility.
@@Crosshair84if i m wrong correct me,
i saw in galatians that Paul met Peter and stayed at his home 15 days...in that time we can conclude Peter told the detailed gospel to Paul,and Paul inspired Luke's gospel..so bot Luke and Mark can possibly have something from Peter' sayings.
I m not well educated on scripture..its just my oppinion..if i m wrong please correct me👍
Good work, here IP…thanks!
Thanks!
Thank you for the donation
Excellent.
@@theguyver4934You say, >Just like biblical and historical evidence proves that Jesus and his apostles were vegatarians
_you speak non sense.
then you add even more non sense and contradict the point you are trying to make by saying
>historical evidence also proves that the trinity, atonement, original sin and hell are very late misinterpretations and are not supported by the early creed hence its not a part of Christianity
_The historical evidence, in the real world, that is, the stage of history, does not originate in a cave. It goes back to the line of "promise." The events of historical Christianity did not happen in a cave. Neither does the reality of the Children of promise, the children of Israel. But as it is written, "such as I have, I give thee." Your best regards are taken in the spirit they are given. You speak according to what you have to give, "for out of the abundance of the heart, the mouth speaks" -Jesus of Nazareth.
Thanks ♥️
The unanimous attestation claim is false. Marcion 140AD "attributes no author to the gospel, that is, his own gospel (Luke)" - Tertullian, Against Marcion 4.2.3
And some thought Cerinthus authored the gospel of John.
I know of no early sources that claim Cerinthus authored John. Also, my point was unanimous attestation among church fathers, as I said in the video, “when we study early church sources we can see there is unanimous agreement among a multitude of witnesses.”
As for Marcion, we do have his writings so that is not a fact. If we are going on what Tertullian said, then it was recognized as a mutilated copy of Luke. So it would make more sense to note that Marcion removed the title in his corruption of it. But again, we don’t know what Marcion had to say, and there is no evidence he attributed it to a different author.
@@InspiringPhilosophy It was the Roman presbyter Gaius who attributed the Gospel of John and Revelation to Cerinthus who was a gnostic. See Epiphanius, Panarion 51.3.1-2. So aside from Marcion, it's "unanimous" but only after 180 AD (except for Gaius). After Irenaeus is when we see the works quoted alongside explicit authorial attribution. Still a significant time gap there. Papias never quotes from the documents he assigned to a "Mark" and "Matthew." There is no evidence Marcion's text had the name "Luke" attached to it. In fact, the evidence says otherwise as Tertullian was writing after Irenaeus who was the first we have on record to mention Luke's name as the author.
Yeah, but Epiphanius is 4th century. He is not counted as an easy source in my survey. If that was the case, I might as well include St. Augustine’s opponent Faustus. Also, again, we don’t have Marcion’s writings. Tertullian also doesn’t say he claimed a different author for Luke after his mutilation. Also we don’t know if it could still be considered Luke’s gospel, given it was changed and corrupted.
@@InspiringPhilosophy Gaius lived near the beginning of the third century so roughly contemporary with some of the other church fathers you cite. We do not know if the text Marcion mutilated had the name "Luke" attached to it or not. Assigning no author to the gospel would seem to count in favor of anonymity.
Every church father up until Irenaeus, when they quote or allude to the gospels, do so without explicitly naming the authors. This attestation is more expected under the hypothesis that the gospels were originally anonymous than it is that the names were known from the beginning.
I don’t see Gaius mentioned in Panarion 51:3. I can only find a fragment of Gaius where he attributes Revelation to Cerinthus, but not John. www.newadvent.org/fathers/0510.htm
Again, this is very speculative, since we don’t know what Marcion had or said about it. If we are going on what Tertullian said, he didn’t have a copy of Luke but something that was mutilated from the text of Luke. Tertullian even implies Marcion had something else entirely, not a copy of Luke’s gospel, because he calls it Marcion’s gospel.
As for church fathers prior to Irenaeus, that is an argument from silence. Plus, Justin Martyr doesn’t imply the gospels were anonymous as I discussed in the video.
Will there be more videos on this topic soon
This is part 2 of my series on the reliability of the gospels
Even nonfiction books today don't generally have internal author identification.
Can you take this and debate Bart? I think we all need some more of that inspring sas
17:12 summarizes it perfectly
Excellent!!!
Could you make a video about who wrote the Old Testament ?
One could argue that Matthew and Mark in particular could not have written their gospels because they did not know how to write, and thus they relied on a transcriptionist to write their gospels for them. It could also be argued that a scribe took it upon themselves to put the teachings of Matthew or Mark into writing on their own accord, and in turn attributed their writing to Matthew or Mark. These are the BEST arguments against traditional attribution, but even they fall short of discrediting Matthew or Mark entirely, because either way you slice it, Matthew and Mark are still integral in the compositional process. The "anonymous authorship" position is only raised as part of an ensemble of other half-baked positions that seek to avoid the uncomfortable conclusions one would be logically led to given the authenticity, veracity, and historicity of the New Testament.
Can you please do a video on "The Atheist Experience"? I haven't seen many videos about them from a Theistic/Christian standpoint and I really would like to see your view on them.
Beautifully done, but, did not Polycarp have a full listing of the Titles of the documents that would become the New Testament?
Good and practical analysis perfect for refuting the apparently less diligent scholars.
As an extension to this I'm curious about the regional prevalence of certain gospels. I was always taught that some gospels were favored in some regions more than other because they simply never acquired the other ones until after they'd used one for a long time. It makes me wonder because it makes me think that the gospels were originally spread as "the gospel" and only when people got hold of the other ones did they realize the necessity to differentiate. If certain gospels coexisted in certain churches from the very beginning, it makes me think it's very likely they would've been written and distributed with names originally. I do like the point that the early Christians wouldn't have accepted something they couldn't reasonably verify was from someone authoritative. I think that's a really good point, and also if those early churches were started by Paul and Peter and other apostles, I would expect them to reject gospels that eventually made it there if they didn't mostly align with the core teachings, and if they didn't come from someone connected to the people from whom they first heard the gospel message.
Why do some of the comments say four days ago? Either way this video is exactly what God knew I needed. I’ve been debating a Muslim friend and the anonymous gospel claim he made was the only point he made about the resurrection that put some doubt into my mind. Thank you, Mike!
It says four days ago because Patreon supporters and channel members get to see the video a few days earlier.
Thanks
let christ guide you and read his word that you may not fall into misunderstanding and deceit
And you think a random man in the desert who came after Jesus time will be right inafvt the TH-cam by names Rob Christian, shamoun and Christian Prince have evidence to deem their false Islamic prophet as someone who can't to copy the Gospels and pervert them their own cannot even be right.
The point about the discussion of the authorship of Hebrews vs the complete agreement on the gospels is really good. I'd love to hear how critics deal with that.
A bit off topic, but could you recommend a Josephus translation?
Excellent material. Is there a regular formatted version of the transcript of this video available for saving or printing?
I would say you could play it on a phone and have your computer do it.
When Michael says, "However..." Get ready for a mic drop.
Who is oblivious to the cover letter or title page .?
Can you make a video about John 7:53-8:11 if that Bible verse is authentic or not?
Im a catholic, Im personally agnostic on the authorship of the Gospels and other NT books like half of the Pauline letters. In our church, we dont have any dogmatic statements to affirm which human authors wrote which books, our dogmatic stance is The Holy Spirit was the main author, and also the inspiration of whoever the human writers were. None of our councils affirm the human writers, only the canon.
N.T Wright even admits we dont know who authored the gospels but that the gospels are reliable historical testimonies of someone living in 30AD.
I hope fellow Catholic viewers see this and not be disheartened by the unknown human writers. 🙏🏽🙏🏽
And I think this should be the position of every Christian frankly. To dogmatically cling to authorship only leads to numerous very good and scholarly challenges. Which is why videos like IP did here are necessary. With God as the author through whatever human he chose to write shouldn't matter one iota.
I always thought it was classist to make the argument that the disciples couldn’t read or write because they came from poor or illiterate backgrounds. Generalizations about certain classes of people doesn’t give anyone the right to make judgments or assumptions about specific individuals. That kind of reasoning is behind why some people think Shakespeare didn’t write his plays. Besides, even if they couldn’t read or write, many ancient writers had scribes.
I can't remember where off the top of my head, but I recall that one of Paul's letters references someone writing the letter on his behalf (that is, a scribe).
People forget that Scribes were basically ancient webdesigners and that (with the writing technology at the time) calligraphy was really the only way to write legibly. Print ten pages of text (double spaced, 12 pt, A4/Letter), and use a calligraphy pen with any historical style(s) you're comfortable with to hand copy that text single space onto A5/Stationary, and imagine that each letter costs five cents and each paper costs ten dollars. It's not just "good handwriting," it's hard work. Paul probably could have scrawled words on paper (just as we can save Word files as HTML) but anything done by his physical hand have only been notes for what he would later dictate to a scribe.
It's also ignorant of the cultural context. At that time, pretty much everyone used scribes. If you are rapidly gaining new converts who are eager to spread the message, funds to hire scribes to work with the disciples could have easily been raised. Some of the new converts would have been scribes, who could donate some of their time.
It also ignores that the disciples could have learned to read and write later in life. Learning to read and write later in life isn't easy, but hardly impossible.
ut Oddly enough I just suggested to my daughter that it was much easier for a first century native speaker of Aramaic to learn to write Aramaic than for us to learn to write English. English pronunciation changed a lot, while the spelling (except American speling) stayed put, and that's actually a good thing, because people who can't understand each other's spoken English can usually understand written English. But 1st century Aramaic writers had a system to work with that was pretty phonetic.
There's also an ambiguity in "write". Even people like Paul who *could* write often didn't. Instead they dictated. Come to think of it, my Dad had a Dictaphone. Very literate man, but a lot of what he "wrote" he actually spoke. One time he dictated a lecture on the law of contracts, and I typed it up on a computer (a Sun 3/50) as he spoke. Did he "write" that lecture? Every thought and every word was his. But his fingers weren't involved at all. So yes, "many ancient 'writers' had scribes". To be perfectly honest, the somewhat clumsy Greek of Mark strongly suggests that Mark *did* originate all the text himself rather than letting a secretary polish it for him.
@@abyssimusGalatians and 2 Thessalonians both mention it, but in both cases Paul says he doesn't use any scribe.
Neither is quite strong enough to prove that Paul *never* used a scribe : in Galatians he only says that he's not using one right then, and it's not certain that he actually wrote 2 Thessalonians.