59. Origins of the Jews of North Africa (Jewish History Lab)
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 13 มี.ค. 2021
- Brief overview of the legends associated with early migration of Jews to North Africa, the Jewish Berber tribes and the Islamic Conquest, and scholarship in the 10th and 11th century.
Recommended Reading:
Andre N. Couraqui, Between East and West: A History of the Jews of North Africa (JPS, 1968)
Vivian B. Mann, ed. Morocco: Jews and Art in a Muslim Land (Jewish Museum, 2000)
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Join our learning community of students, researchers and colleagues: / @henryabramsonphd
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Hi i'am a BERBER ♓ girl from algeria 🇩🇿
Berber comes from the Latin word
[ Barba ] meaning beard.
berber only means those who wore beards .
The Greeks and the Romans called their European bothering Barbarians, an uncivilized, barbaric people who slept in the woods and they didn't bathe
The Moors just so happened to wear beards. But the Moors wasn't berbers [ uncivilized] THE Moors of Northern Africa ( Amexem ) where the Lord's of the land .
You're wonderful. It's nice to have an explanation for the migration.
Have you done Goa?
As usual, Dr. Abramson gives us in this video a very punctual and insightful lecture on the topic. But, I in a very humble way would like to add that once the Jews were expelled from Sepharad in 1492 CE there was a big migration from there to the North African region.
These Sephardic Jews in some cases established communities that were distinct from the Jewish local population, with their own synagogues and customs.
That was the case of my family ( my grandfather used to say that his grandfather still had the key to the front door of the family house in Toledo, Spain ),
Through generations, most of the two “ kinds “ of Jews merged into single communities, mostly because of the treatment they received from the Muslims and the authorities. But, certain cultural aspects of the Sephardic Jews were kept. My grandparents spoke a little bit of ladino even when they moved to France in the 1930’s.
Great stuff, Dr. Abramson. Much appreciated.
Thanks for sharing. My Grandfather said his family had been in Algeria since the time of Moses. My Grandmother's family on the other hand was Sephardic and came to Algeria from Spain during the Inquisition. They left Algiers in 1956, first to France then quickly to New York.
My Sefardic dna is still in Iberia and North Africa, and a few in certain places in Africa due to expulsion. This man needs to understand that us descendants of Sephardi are still here. IN THE FLESH!
I am trying to find out more on this topic, thanks for your comment. what ever happened to the Sephardim who came to north Africa? were they distinct and separate from the indigenous Mizrahim or did they merge, or a little of both? and how did that play out when the French occupied the regions?
Thanemirth for this interesting video, I just wanted to point out that the Queen Kahina is actually called Kahina by the Arabs, her real name was Dihia, Kahina means a clairvoyant in Arabic and it's often associated with sorcery, because it's been said that she had dreams of her battles and how they happened and that's why she won most of them, but in my opinion it's just an excuse so they didn't look bad for being defeated by a woman.
Scientifically we proving that what you're saying of course based on historical documents that my region North Africa was mixed by Jewish people, as a matter of fact, I myself have 3% Jewish DNA with 96% Amazigh(berber), other berbers that I know, also have some Jewish DNA in them. And that also confirms that Amazigh people and Jews don't have the same DNA hence we're not Semitic which I thought we were.
Very interesting!
Tanemireth, me too, I didn't understand why everybody says to me I look like a Jew, when I did DNA test I find out why, lol, I'm proud to be 20% Jewish, and from north Africa, Amazigh
He said that phonecians live in north africa
The original people of North Africa are the Berbers or Amazigh people. The stories about Canaanites coming to North Africa apply to the Phoenicians as you mention but the Berbers were there already. It's true the Berbers were mercenaries etc for Carthage but they are quite distinct from them. How do we know this is true? Well fortunately today we have something a great deal stronger than "Josephus said so" or "Herodotus said so" or "Ibn Khaldun said so" , we have DNA and archaeology and the DNA evidence shows the Berbers were there in North Africa long before the Carthaginians. The YDNA Haplogroup associated with the Berbers is quite unique to them and can be traced back many thousands of years BCE to mummies and other remains going right back to the end of Neolithic Capsian people around 7,000 or 8,000 BCE. Of course many invaders over the millennia came through there so there is an admixture but YDNA lines are quite clear. Linguistic findings are also very clear. The Berber language is on the Afro-Asiatic tree but distant to the Semitic languages. It's closer to ancient Egyptian, which makes sense as there is evidence of interaction going bac to the pre-dynastic period. I read an article about a modern Jewish-Berber tribe within the last year or so and as I recall the upshot was it's a bit of a mystery as to their origin and they are assumed at this point to be converts because their DNA doesn't substantively match the expected haplogroups apparently.
I was following this whole paragraph you seem very knowledgeable!!! My last name Lead me to find out I'm a moor, and Berber pops up with Egyptian background. So I ask myself being African American that we all aren't from Jacob 12 Tribes or we both mixed in some how,..... Which makes me excited about doing DNA test. My question is how are African American slaves joined with Berber family ?
The Berbers descent from a more ancient group of Canaanites, not from the Carthagians. That's the fault in your research. You assumed the Berbers are from a more recent migration. They aren't. They descent from Amalek.
@@Kolesha I did not say they descended from carthaginians at all. The berbers were present as has been proven by ancient remains dating back 29 1000 years before present. They are definitely not canaanites though
@@rdwwdr3520 Whether they are Canaanites or not, is debatable. I take the view that they aren't. But they do descent from the Canaanites nonetheless.
thanks henry abramson for the programmes today especially the latter one on the jews and the warrior queen you mentioned cool statuee
TY
Excellent account! But one thing I wanted to draw your attention to a very important fact : The island of Djerba in Tunisia is home to one of the oldest synagogues in Africa…2600 years of age. El Ghriba synagogue
Why do you turn off the comments to videos relating to African Israelites
I always turn off comments when the videos attract too many crazy, hateful responses. Sorry, some subjects are just magnets for strangeness.
Bc he cant refute the facts....
Millions of Black Africans were slaughtered because of the biblical curse of Canaan; who was descendant of Ham, a black guy. So wouldn't they be of African descent? And why are the Ethiopian Jews treated like crap in Israel, its like 1960's USA for them over there
Dont forget Djerba in Tunisia. The oldest Synagoge in Africa
thank you for your excellent work, I hope you can do more on this topic. there seems to be a historical black hole on the topic of the North African jews between the 711 Islamic conquest of Iberia and the expulsions in the 20th century; and very little information on the interactions between Sephardim refugees and the berber jews after the expulsions from Iberia; nor how much Berber DNA and culture (distinct from arabic) the berber jews retained over time. by the time of the expulsions, they are in appearance basically Jewish Arabs
This was interesting. I hadn't really heard the origin story as you lay it out. It obviously goes further back in history than the one with which I am most familiar: that the major portion of the Jewish population of North Africa resulted from the expulsion of the Sephardic Jews from Spain starting in 1492 and then later as they were expelled from Portugal. You have now provided me with a desire to do further research.
No, you Ashkenazi keep trying to distort the truth
You forget to mention Rabbi Maimonides (RamBam) who travelled from Anadalus to Maghreb and afterward to Egypt.
I think it's interesting how Judaism goes through matrilineal descent. That means that you can be both very mixed and have a connection to a specific nation. I find it beautiful and balanced.
It’s not matriarchal.... obviously women don’t have seed!
Turkic-Khazar Jews want to talk to you
@@user-cg2tw8pw7j um... OK Ali. You hear them right now? What do they want to tell me?
When did the original Jews changed from black to white?
Same time the Arabs changed from black to white
thanks henry for the two lectures the other one although it was long still had some nice content i saw the nice place near the iruoqoui river in canada its seems a nice place to unwind especially in these type of days,it deffently looks like the jews of north africa and souuthern spain do goo back to bible times that queen you mentioned i never heard of her she seems to been a good warrior ,sometimes you dont hear of everyone who affected history especially women ,it was only the lastfew years i learnt of queen amniranis of cush who dfeated the romans and signed a peace treaty with them using golden arrows as the sign of the agreement ceaser agustus saw her as a worthy oppenent and allowed her kingdom to keep its independence
welcome
Mr. Sainsbury, thank you for your insights.
NHG
@@neilgoodman2885 youre welcome neil goodman,thers alot in history thats not always talked about,thers a book ill like to read some time that shows the cushite intervention during king hezekiahsreign when he was under attack by seneacherib of assyria ,and a african cushite king whose mentioned in isaiah 37 and 2kings called taharha who helped defended jerusalem from the assyrian war machine in 701bce,i know hezekiahs tunnel was built to keep the city with water from the gihon spring so the city could survive but it also looks like the african 25 dynasty of egypt helped saved jerusalem and possibly a plague that brook out in the assyrian army,and neil ill be so glad when this scary virus covid well be gone having going through personal loss with this is very very hard
Thank you its hard to find anything much on North African Jews. Great video. I might be wrong but were the Phoenicians themselves Canaanites? I thought I read something on this a while ago.
There's some doubt about the origins, but certainly present in Canaan.
Yes they were Canaanites. The same people that are in Lebanon. They carry the Paternal Haplogroup J2.
@Dr. Hamath MD. I am guessing they would have been descendants of Meshech. Hard to tell if they are the original people of the Caucasus. According to their location today it would appear so. If they are descendants of Ham they would have had to have gone up instead of the south with the majority of the Hamites. Which son of Ham went North of the mountains of Ararat?
@@KnowledgeOverIndoctrination The Phoenicians worship Baal, my friend
@@user-cg2tw8pw7j they worshipped more than just Baal. They worshipped the elohim/gods.
Hello. You look like my younger brother Mark, not kidding. Sephardi Jew North African ancestry, mothers side of family. I am Traditional Catholic. Just found out about this ancestry after my mothers passing last March. Learning quite a bit. Thank you sir.
there was another queen i watched on a movie called tomyiris of massageta and i saw she defeated king cyrus of persia in a major way in battle ,they say cyrus was beheaded but i see there other sources which say cyrus died after he lost the battle anyway cyrus respected religious freedom which was good for antiquity and his grave is still a tourist destination thanks for the information on this queen ill check her out
ty
Thank you!
Queen kahina real name is Dihya, and I don't think she was Jewish because there is no evidence to prove that
she might be but it dosnt change the fact she was an amazigh not jewish ethnically
Yes you right Kaheena was not Jewish she was pegan. And there is no evidence that she was.and Jewish people came to North Africa until 1492 as refugees from Spain. And kaheena was born hundred years before that and They lived in Middle East and Europe not Africa
Islam IS canser
@@sifax3458 انتوما هموما اكبر سرطن على المغرب الكبير
@@malekaltayari3936 hhhhh anta sol3m
Thanks
Welcome
North Africa used to be Pagans till nowdays it is still practiced in some areas specially within Amazigh people ( berbers).
Also people need to know that North africa was christian unitarian before even Europe.
There were also few berber tribes that convert to Judaism and then later on a majority of berbers converted to Islam.
@@HDsKillzProductionS dating no
yes Christendom preceded both Jewish and Islamic conversion, what form it took idk because it was pre-Nicaean council, whether or not they conformed to trinitarian Christianity afterwards I don't know. there is still a remnant of orthodox Christianity in Egypt. Jewish conversion among the Amazigh began en masse around the 3rd century (source: shlomo sand) neither Christian nor Jewish conversions were by the sword, and there were still pagan holdouts in the western parts well into the time of Islam. their theology/pantheon was more or less same as the Greeks, and according to the Amazigh, the greeks inherited it from them.
Greatings From the riff Mountains
Hello there!
😎תודה
בבקשה
was Dihia also from a tribe practicing Judaism?
No, she was not Jewish, she is a Berber practicing Berber paganism of goddess Tanit worship.
She was from the tribe of Judah, so yes, she was an ethnic Jew. Search about the lost tribes and you will find the truth.
@@sihamelha6797 No she wasn't, she is a Berber cousin of king Aksel who battled the Arab invasion and after his death, she succeeded him. She has nothing to do with any lost jewish tribe. Berbers are known for having women warriors and leaders throughout history not just Dihya since Berbers were a matriarchal society unlike jews who are patriarchal. Anyway, you should know it's bad to claim other people's history.
see my other comments on this. she and her tribe were racially Amazigh (berber) and jewish by conversion. her people were not of Judaean nor Israelite ancestry although its plausible that some refugees from diasporas had intermarried with them. Amazigh purists, black Israelites and Zionists all claim otherwise because they have agendas.
שהקב’’ה ישמור על עם ישראל, יחי טוניסיה יחי ישראל הבה נגילה הללויה 🇹🇳🇮🇱🇹🇳🇮🇱💙👍
As long as we all know these lands are fully black Africans then everything is truth.
I have Lemba Levi, Ethiopian Amhara and Tigray Dna king solomon , Queen sheba and Moses...Jordanian, yemen and Egypt... my true ancestry
2:58 🍜
Yep. He wasn't saying it but he was definitely thinking of Chinese food again.
You did not talk about jews in cyreneiaca and they were an important stage intheir history
Yes. East Libyan faces match with my wife's face.
I’m libyan and find this very interesting
@@nurt6764 Vast majority (95%) of modern Jews are not Descended from prophet Yacob. Paul forcefully converted 12,000 Jews to Christianity during Roman Empire and then during Islamic era both Christian ethnic Jews and Iraqi Babylonian Jews became Muslim. But in 15th century a Barbarian ancient converted Jewish community entered middle east but never claimed to be indigenous Israel until 19th century. Even Yemenite Jews , Turkish Jews lived among these Jews.
The Moabites was run out of Jordan under Joshua campaign ..
The Moabites ( Moors or Moorish ) had to receive permission from the Pharaohs of kemet ( Egypt) to To settle and inhabit it. To settle and inhabited North-west and Southwest shores of Amexem ( Africa )
The Maghreb starts from West of Egypt ( Kemet ) North America is the greater Maghreb ( The Al Maghreb) the greater far West .
We jews (cristãos novos) Minas Gerais Brazil, old citys cicle gold , waiting be recongnized .
Recognized how?
@@HenryAbramsonPhD Surely he's referring to the fact that a number of descendants of bnei anusim in Brazil would like to be recognized as Jewish by Orthodox religious authorities without having to undergo conversion, which some of them see as an insulting imposition given what they consider to be their birthright. It's a contentious issue for some, but obviously off topic in relation to this video.
@S. Langan Assuming that this is a legitimate response and not just spam, I think you're a little confused. First of all, I'm not talking about any friends, I was attempting to answer Dr. Abramson's question in relation to Sinval's original post about descendants of Brazilian crypto-Jews. Second, DNA testing in no way solves the issue of recognition by Jewish religious authorities, which has to do with halakha, and not genetics (although some groups are starting to mix the two). Third, men can get tested for both Y-DNA and mtDNA (they have both), and Y-DNA would not be useful to prove the matrilineal descent needed for halakhic purposes (neither would mtDNA for that matter, but that's a whole other complicated discussion). Autosomal testing might be one way to start to see whether there's any truth to family stories, but it's complicated, doesn't provide absolute proof of anything, and in no way solves the religious issue.
@T. .S : You seem to be very familiar with genetic testing. Could you suggest a beginning book to assist a novice to learn the basics of genetics?
Mister Abramson , be recognized as a jewsh people .
Dear Professor: Stop being so fascinating! It is 5781 Nisan 07, one week and counting.
Respectfully,
NHG
Hmm. Not sure how to do that. But it's not me, it's the material!
I’m a Kabyle Muslim I probably have some Jewish dna in me.
hope you're doing good, especially after what happened in Kabylia.
Yeyasher Koach
ty
The black Jews, were a very successful, civilized, people. They spoke, the Hebrew Language, and could establish a number of Kingdoms, in West Africa, thousands of years, ago.
Yall time is up....
I am so excited to see this. I have some DNA connections with these Jews.
Enjoy in good health!
Could you educate me on how the original Jews changed from black dark skin people to white skin people today?
Archaeologist have proven without a doubt, that the original Jews were very dark skinned people.
Guera means war
TY
Queen Dihya was not Jewish, she is a Berber practicing Berber paganism of goddess Tanit worship, that's one of the reasons arabs called her Kahina meaning sorceress. There is an anti-Berber element by arabo-islamic researchers who try to attribute ancient Berber figures who are controversial to their arabo-islamic view to jews, like what they tried to do with the founder of the Barghawata religion who is a Berber and they try to attribute him to jews. As we notice a pattern here that queen Dihya and the founder of Barghawata are two Berber figures who fought arabs and islam, so they are the main focus of those arabo-islamic researchers to make them jews, even if all evidence suggests they are Berbers. There are also other Berber figures whom they try to make jews. They do this for social and religious reasons between Arabs and Berbers.
Not my agenda.
@@HenryAbramsonPhD I didn't say yours, as I said, it's the pan Arabs in North Africa who always try to twist Berber history, they have a complex about anything related to Berbers.
her jewish-ness is disputed by various agendas, but her racial identity as Amazigh is not; ample sources of evidence to show that jewish religion spread through north Africa prior to Islam; it is perfectly reasonable to conclude that the evidence showing that she and her tribe were jewish Amazigh is correct; these are not in contradiction.
Elamites, Beta Israel, Ethiopian Israelites moved deeper into African
NOAH HAD A BLACK SON NAMED HAM: SCIENTIFIC BIOLOGY, GENETICS, LOGIC AND OBSERVATION, SAYS THAT IF HAM WAS BLACK, HIS BROTHERS SHEM AND JAPHETH WERE ALSO BLACK.
MELANIN CONTENT AND GEOGRAPHIC SEGREGATION DETERMINES THE RACES.
CAN ANYONE DISAGREE?
Acts 17:26 And hath made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth, and hath determined the times before appointed, and the bounds of their habitation;
These are only myths! Judaism, Christianism, Islam, Buddhism, etc...were built on myths and superstitions, they are far from logic and even truth!
Facts and Queen Dahia or kahena was black and a Jew!
@@oneupforthesonof the descendants probably WOULDN'T be allowed to settle in Israel
Rambam, Fez Morocco, Alfasi..
Yes
Alfasi was Algerian
Hahahahahaha.🤣😂🤣😂🤣
@@HDsKillzProductionS wekipedia like always
@@HDsKillzProductionS He was Moroccan. Fes is in Morocco and you Algerians better stop your hatred towards everything Moroccan, it is getting old already!
@@handofagurzil6951 al fasi was born in algeria tho but algerian and moroccan jews are the same thing they dont see any diffrence between themselvs
@@mizrahiwithattitude2733 With all due respect, there was nothing called Algeria back then, historically Algeria was the name of a single city up to the french colonization of said city followed by expanding into sparsely populated areas to the south which historically had fallen under the authority of dynasties which had arisen on Moroccan soil such as Almoravids, Almohades, Saadites, Alawites...
Im from America a black man with Hebrew ancestry... the Letter J will be 500 years old 2024... so who and where did yall come from.. hebrew? Noway
LMAO THEY AIN'T HEBREW
THEY CLEARLY THE MOABITES
THEIRS ORIGINAL LANGUAGE LITERALLY HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH HEBREW LMAO
THEY SPEAK SEMITIC LANGUAGE NOW BCUZ THE ARAB ISLAMISED THEM
Hmm.
Maybe tommorow you're going to tell us that they're chinese
Queen Kahina was not juish she was Algerian berber and Ishak fassi was born in Algeria I Don t understand why juish people are stealing Algerian histoire. And their origins were from Europe. And they went to North Africa after the fall of And Andalusia. But before that they were situated in Europe
Nonesense jews have been in North Africa for thousands of years way before Islam. Kahina was a Berber Jew .
@@HDsKillzProductionS
Bol.....chett thousands years .Jewish people used to live in Europe and Middle East not North Africa. They came to Africa until Andalusians ran away from Christians in 1492 Jewish used to hide behind Muslims to run from Spain. And they came to North Africa as refugees
Stop making history with other people's history and stop stealing Algerian 🇩🇿🇩🇿 heritages.
jews were in algeria before islam was even thing jews were in north africa long before 1492 they were not from europe
Sir!!! So were they black people? The Berber ppl
I notice he doesn’t really respond to comments about blacks
This historian is a joke
And not even funny!
Mister can take you seriously Lol 😆😂🤣
😭