Arduino Tutorial 2: Understanding How Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) Work
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 11 พ.ค. 2024
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In this video we try and look under the hood a little and understand the physics of operation of an LED. We explain some of the solid state physics principles that allow you to understand the key aspects of LED operation.
You can get the following Elegoo kit, to follow these lessons and play along at home
amzn.to/3c9SJrO
You can find more details about this lesson at our WEB site HERE:
toptechboy.com/arduino-tutori...
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#Arduino - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
came for an arduino tutorial, stayed for the physics lesson
Me too
Literally, wasn't expecting this dude's knowledge to be this ridiculously high
Yeah, just amazing.
Bro i solved my doubts of semiconductor here
Ikr
Finally my search for the perfect teacher is complete.
This guy is amazing , his understanding and ability to convey the information to people with less knowledge on the topic is remarkable.
Was thinking the same thing.... Where was this guy when I was at school. Epic teacher
My physics teacher at school should have been lecturing at university. Sadly he wasn't so great at giving 13 Yr olds info in an easily digestible way.
I'm finally starting to understand the basics a bit better.
40 years too late but better late than never. 😂
Agreed! He’s amazing. Such clear and thought out explanation.
Sir You Are Genius...
1:52 How light bulb is working
5:18 Conductor and Insulator
6:00 Semiconductor (tailored martial)
7:00 Silicon wafer
8:00 How semi-conductors (i.e. Crystalline martial) actually work
9:30 Discrete energy levels => Energy allowed bands
10:20 Conduction (Valence and Conduction bands)
12:50 Intrinsic (heating) semi-conductor (-ve and +ve charges conduction)
17:05 N-Type, induction via -ve charges in the Conduction Band
19:43 P-Type, induction via +ve charges in the Valence Band
21:56 Quick summary of semi-conductors covered
22:25 How those semi-conductors types lead to LED?
23:45 Offset bands when N-P are combined
24:50 Applying +ve voltage to N-P (lowering barrier causing light to emit)
26:30 -ve charge over +ve charge (Electron, Hole Pair Recombination => Photon)
27:47 How the light emitted from an LED?
28:40 Applying -ve voltage to N-P (increasing energy barrier preventing light from emitting)
29:40 Quick Summary
30:16 How to correctly hook-up a diode (+ => P-Type, - => N-Type)
31:20 Diode response graph (I vs. V)
32:35 Why resistor is needed when connecting LED
34:30 How the color of LED is generated
37:07 TL, DR version of the lecture
Thank you sir for your knowledge share 🙏
thank you for your breakdown
Not all heroes wear capes! (Assuming you don't. If you do, then some heroes do wear capes).
@@nitinchauhan530 haha🤗❤
@@nitinchauhan530 lol
true @Nitin Chauhan these are the little things that help and restore faith in humanity
I'm a 62 year old mechanical engineer, I was inspired to buy an Arduino by a 10 year old, it's never too late to learn new tricks!!
I'm working through your excellent videos; Now, thanks to you I understand why I have to put that 200 ohm resistor in series with the LED.
Regards Paul in NZ.
Go for it!
Thanks a lot, Paul. I learned Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and 3D printing from you and made a lot of cool projects. 2 of them reached national level competitions. I am really grateful I found you.
How much time you had to put to learn Arduino?
wow ive never heard of you
@@mattjohnson320 he said national not international 🤷🏻♂️
@@RohitSharma-uw9ec Plus to be recognized by media he would probably have to win those competitions, and as getting to let's say 100th place can be great personal achievement it doesn't bring much attention to your person ;)
this is the best teacher i’ve ever had even though he is not my teacher
It is very sad how in some faculties there are teachers only for salary and put courses at which only some people assume that they understood or did not understand at all, and apparently you have explained hours lost in my college only in about 40 minutes. Thank you! You made me understand how a diode works. What good would it be if we had people like you who would explain it so well.
I seriously did not expect this video to turn into a full-blown physics lesson! But thanks so much! I've never met any other teacher who would go into so much detail and make it so interesting!
I am 80 years old. I studied electronics when I was in my 20s and have worked with radio and computers since then after I got my ham radio license, sometimes as a hobby, sometimes as a vocation. I have known and understood this material all that time but I never put it together what frequency of light the LED would emit. Thank you for stimulating an old brain to keep on learning.
Literally learned a 10+ hr physics lesson in just 38 mins...much simpler and easier to understand. Thank you.
This is fantastic. I’m gettin a warm and fuzzy vibe off of watching these videos. Why am I thinking “Bob Ross” right now?..
Exactly! Paul is the Bob Ross of electronics.
Dang. You can tell this man really knows his stuff. He is able to explain it in such a way that a child would be able to understand it.
Einstein said, "If you can't explain it to a child you don't understand it.".
I am a child and I approve this message
Yes. It is very true. SAME!
I'm 10 and I totally agree!
First electronics fundamentals video I watched in full.
I came here to learn Arduino but I've already learnt so much more, well done, I really wish I'd had you as one of my teachers when I was younger.
I’m happy I have him while I’m young
@@jameshalpin1274 me too
@@doaedoae1210 take that knowledge and run with it . you'll go far and high .
Never too late to learn something new
I am a physics instructor; your lesson is a brilliantly articulated explanation accessible to anyone who is interested in learning. Thank you for this contribution to physics teaching excellence.
2 years later and still helping people, thank you so much!
Glad I could help!
Hello Paul, I really love your Arduino tutorials, I've been watching all the lessons, and have given you a "Thumbs-up" on every single tutorial. I love your teaching style.
I/myself, am a retired Engineer with a Masters in "Electronics Engineering and Computational Mathematics" from CalTech. Back in my engineering days, Ardunio never existed.
I wanted to keep busy & stay active in the field, and this video series has been excellent. I completely understand why you want your followers to understand the physics and
the math behind some of your homework assignments and I agree with it whole heartedly. However, in this case, at 33:50 you point out you need a Current Limiting Resistor
and why. But, you didn't say HOW you arrived at 330 Ohms.
Choosing the correct resistor value is imperative to insure your LED receives proper voltage and current. To ensure you have the correct resistor you will need to know three values from your circuit.
Vs - Supply Voltage - This is the power supply that you are using to power your circuit.
Vf - Forward voltage for your LED. This is the voltage required to turn on your LED.
If - Forward Current for your LED. This is the current required by your LED for operation.
The Forward Voltage & Forward Current can always be gotten off the LED's datasheet. (Which we don't have)
With these numbers you can calculate the resistance required with the following equation.
R = (Vs - Vf) / If
Example:
The Arduino's Supply Voltage is 5v.
The LED's Forward Voltage (according to it's Datasheet) is 2.4v. (ASSUMPTION for this example)
The LED's Forward Current (according to it's Datasheet) is 15mA (ASSUMPTION for this example)
This means we need to "drop" 2.6v (Vs - Vf).
Using Ohm's Law:
E / I = R
2.6/.015 = 173.33 Ohms
Unfortunately, we don't know what the The LED's Forward Voltage or the LED's Forward Current is. I'm just including this as a real life requirement when designing circuits.
Im only 14, and Im loving your series!
same!
same!
Im 11😃
@@superprocz Im 13
Im 15 but samw
too bad my engineering professors at UT Austin don’t know how to communicate as well as you do...can I come take your high school classes? lol
Come to A&M bro
I switched majors from aerospace to arts because of the useless physics/engineering profs at UT Austin.
Smart People are hired in Universities for many reasons. But I do agree that many of my engineering professors did not have teaching gifts or skills. I believe that many wanted to pursue other goals like research on their pet projects for example. I learned you had to research first who is teaching your subject before signing up for a class.
pretty much agree, not about to point certain institution/group but about learning and teaching, as i recently realize that to teach not just limited to understood the things but also able communicate it
Electron-Hole-Bear-Recombination is by far my favorite phenomenon in physics!
The Electron-Hole-Bear and the Maiden fair!
It's incredible how you explained semi-conductors far better ,on a video relating to Arduinos, than my actual Solid State Chemistry teacher. Awesome video and explanation.
This felt like being back in a classroom. That's exactly what I've been looking for in an Arduino series.
I wish I had access to these videos on TH-cam when I was growing up.... Amazing clarity
Paul, thank you for condensing what are multiple complex physics topics into something comprehensible to a typical person. Your series is excellent. As @AJ Yu said 2 years ago, "came for an arduino tutorial, stayed for the physics lesson." I've always said, "learn the fundamentals FIRST; knowing WHY things work the way they do helps you figure out HOW to use them; when you get to more complex topics the fundamentals will see you through."
This might have been my favorite class from this course
And there are many more good lessons to look forward to in the future too.
Samuel :)
I'm here to learn arduino but wow, that's a good review of my electronics. Keep up 👏
40-odd years ago at school we did valence in chemistry and I just didn't get it, but I learned enough to pass and get my chemistry o-level (UK). Today I get it. Thank you, you're an excellent teacher.
Found my new binge watching series
what is it?
I just started this series as a way to stay productive during summer and I'm learning more from you than I ever did from my gen Chem prof. Keep up the great quality, Paul!
I started in electronics back in the late 60's in the Air Force. Wound up retiring from the Semiconductor Manufacturing industry, Photo lithography. Thanks for refreshing what I forgot over the years. Got the Auduino kit and am amazed at what it contained.
I really need that *Love* emotion here. This has been the most scientific, interesting and educational tutorials I've come across here.
When I first saw the beginning of the first lesson, I thought you were going to be boring and I really wasn't going to learn much, but by the end I was able to write basic codes and I wasn't bored watching it! You have a real talent for teaching about science and coding!
same
Atom one "I lost an electron."
Atom two "Are you positive ?"
😂😂😂😂😂
Its back now, so I guess that was a false Positive
I laughed at this even though I shouldn't have. fml.
Love the science behind all this - thanks for taking the time to explain.
Excellent tutorial. Best description of a n type and P type I've heard.
These videos are not tutorials, they are academic seminars. Thanks a lot!
I bought the kit and I am doing hands on exercises after watching your lessons, by the way I appreciate your lectures/explanation of the things and how the way work just as much. I m loving it, thanks a million.
Your tutorials are just remarkable. Keep up the good work! Greetings from Germany/the Netherlands.
I have visited the Netherlands twice . . . beautiful country! Loved the chocolates there.
This is incredible, im still trying to develop an understanding at the moment with Arduino chips and hopefully i can accomplish my first project, but i feel like i learned more stuff in the first 4 minutes than in my entire ap physics class
Another fantastic lesson. You have a knack for explaining something that can be construed as quite complicated to be quite understandable and straightforward. Its a pleasure to watch your videos and be a part of your lessons. Thank you. X
you explain it in such a way thats its both easy, fun and also very memorable, I am not just memorizing the info you taught, I actually understood and retained that information. All teachers should be like you.
My first electronics course was in the mid 70's (tubes). I think we spent over 1/2 the semester on this same concept. I left that class totally confused. NOW I get it!!. thank you.
Letting the smoke out - priceless....
Your tutorials are amazing, thanks! Towards the end of the video, where you explain the relationship between the energy and the frequency, I would like to point out that f ~ 1/λ would be correct or f = c/λ of course, with c being the speed of light. This comment is mainly intended for the people that also learn some physics throughout your tutorials :)
"You can never get the smoke back in" had me dying; love these small jokes
Thank you for making me belive I am not dumb in physics, I just needed a professor who could visually explain concepts with real life examples. Thanks sir!
So much happens in such a simple component! Really enjoyed how you showed the physics behind it, rather than saying "An LED will light up when you pass current through it" You actually teach why it works! Thanks a lot Paul!
Again, I've seen this stuff before ( I have a degree in Chemistry 30 years back) , but so good to have it reinforced is such a friendly way.
You have explained things so well that I now can explain how an LED works. It's so complex, yet explained by you effortlessly. Thank you for sharing your knowledge.
You explain things really well and at a speed that makes it easier to understand, less fast jabber and more measured understanding.
I am really enjoying this series, thank you
You explained Semiconductors better than my physics teacher could. You're multi-talented. I've huge respect for you 😎
Thank you, sir! This is the perfection combination of theory and application of arduino tutorial that I encounter. I learned a lot from you.
I attended engineering school at CSU Chico in 1991 and did not even understand what my professor was talking about conduction and valence band back then. But your short video is awesome, I could grasp all the theory almost instantly. your teaching skill is at another level. thank you so much.
I like the way Paul teaches. Easy to follow and makes things that I thought was difficult to understand has now he has made it easy to understand. Thank you Paul!
Man I wish you were my physics teacher in the school. These tutorials are absolutely amazing! We not only get to learn about Arduinos and their programming, but also what's more importantly, the fundamental understanding how it all works under the hood. Thank you Paul!
How I wish I learned in this way in high school! I'd be a scientist today...
Never too late m8
Never got such easy, understandable, and comprehensive lectures in my life. Dear Paul, you are a magnificent person with unparalleled skills for teaching. Teacher of the teachers. God bless you.
For the first time in my life, I'm actually having fun from a lecture. Thank you for helping me get started on a new journey with the Arduino, and also with programming
This is actually fun. Great instruction Paul.
I started a job with the title mechanic and it became painfully obvious that my job was chemistry, Inc, electrician and operator. All things I know nothing about. So I bought an elegoo kit to get a better understanding of electrical components/sensors and stumbled on your videos. I really appreciate you and all that you do. I know that this video is older and you may not check comments but I just wanted to say thank you
Thank you for a great lesson in semiconductors. This lesson has greatly increased my understanding of diods.
Mr McWhorter, it is poetry to listen to a great teacher. Small repeated steps lead to greater results, like the electrons each moving from one bond to another together resulting in a spark of bright light. But it never goes without a strong will and dedication (fixed resistor) to bring balance to rapid change.
Thanks for inspiring me and wish you all the best!
Absolutely amazing lesson. 10/10
Brilliant explanation. I was able to follow you fully. Thank you
Well I had trouble learning this stuff, so I try and go slow when teaching. I know how hard it is to follow some fast talking teanager.
Great lecture on the function of semiconductors and how an LED works. I have been through quite a few classes on semiconductors and I have to say, this was about the best in that it explained something that was originally rather difficult into something easily understood. Well Done!
And here I am looking in awe at all the little, humble leds around me. Thanks for such a stupendous video.
I got down to 14 ms before I couldn't see the blinking anymore. Thanks Paul!!!
Holy cow, I understood more in this 40 minute video than I did my entire second semester of electrical engineering!
This video literally made light in my head. I had previously learned this stuff in school, but it was taught in such a theoretical way that it didn't feel connected to the real world. Synapses were fired, connections were made and gaps were bridged tonight. Thank you for this awesome video!
You are a really good teacher. You have a great gift for explaining complex subjects simple. Thank you
This is the best thing ever for me !!!
Man, your awsome. My dad has been trying to teach me these things and i just didn't get it. I thought technology just wasn't my thing, but I was wrong. I love your tutorials. Thanks man.
I'm only 11 and I'm already learning so much!!!
Finally I mostly understand why and how led's work rather than just knowing that they work.
Another great tutorial done in a way that's simple to understand.
Thank you 😊
Amazing teaching, Paul. This definitely filled in fundamentals I was missing. No doubt helps me understand what my uno and components is doing
Are you sure this is part 2? This went real, fast.
Incredible lesson, Mr. Paul. I was wondering, why the LEDs release the photons and the diodes do not?
Diodes do, or at least can release photons. Problem is most diodes are made of opaque materials and they are absorbed before they can get very far. And they are not necessarily visible light photons. IR, ultraviolet, etc.
Excellent explanation of semiconductor material and diode causing light emission. I am a medic by profession but slowly getting into this new passion. Thank you Paul. You are great!
This is an incredible video. I am completely new to semiconductors, but this is a great introduction for those like me who are starting from scratch.
I can't wait to learn more! 20 year elevator technician/troubleshooter here looking to understand coding better! I got down to 13ms on/off before I couldn't distinguish the blinking any further. Great video, great teacher!
Definitely one of the best explanations I've seen for how LED's work. Really nicely done!
Thank you for explaining the types of Diodes in terms that I can understand. The pictures really helped me understand why and how the diode works. Awesome!
This guy is good! I mean if it didn't make sense before just keep watching it over and over and you WILL understand it after a while! Thanks Mr McWhoter
This is real treasure, didn't expect this level of information at such level of simplicity, really AMAZING!!!!!
I wish I knew what technique you used to explain this because this lesson was very easy to understand and remember! You are a phenomenal teacher, thankyou for all you do, Paul!
Just ordered my kit at 10 o’clock at night. Amazon will have it here before 8 o’clock in the morning.
Wow, this was such a great lesson! I do not think I have ever understood how semiconductors work when we discussed it on physics lesson but now I am pretty confident. It is crazy how it is well and interestingly explained. I also understood how LED works! Thank you so much!
I got hooked to Paul's teaching when I discovered his course on Fusion 360, after quite some time of frustrating experiences trying to learn from other sources
Man I should've listen your video and never failed the electronics exam. Marvelous explanation
This is so entertaining, clear and intuitive. Simply great!
EXCELLENT INFO!!! Love to learn the "why". Thank you!!!
It seems that with you I will get a treasure trove of information that I need. Thank you from the bottom of my heart
New to the channel and this lesson blew my mind! You have a great way of explaining things.
You have been great help to me. I won't miss any of your lessons. Thank you. 😊
i' m a new high school teacher introducing computer science and electronics. This lesson is so inspiring!!!!! Thank you for making great video.
"Bob Rose's video on the inner workings of semiconductors left me absolutely mesmerized! He had me at the edge of my seat with excitement, breaking down every component with such enthusiasm and clarity. I never knew understanding how transistors work could be this entertaining. Thank you, Bob, for delivering a truly electrifying educational experience!"
You remind me of one of my all time favorite teachers. I never was much to listen in class... but some teachers just require your attention and speak in a way that is interesting.
What a brilliant explanation of such a fundamental principle. I am honestly humbled.
top of the morning teach ;)
I found the greatest man alive to teach me arduino.. thanks bud for waking my passion in elektronics once again.
Awesome basics of semiconductors and how LEDs work! Thanks a lot, Paul
When you started to talk about color and I realized how it works my mind was blown. Wow such a cool device that you don’t even realize how cool it is until you deep dive. Fantastic explanation.
Ordered my kit I will be back for tuts soon as it arrives... You are a great teacher
Just getting into arduino's going to start the whole series over summer! Thank you for this series!