Participle Clauses: Advanced English Grammar C1-C2 [CPE exam, C2 writing]
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 29 มิ.ย. 2024
- Improve your writing with PARTICIPLE CLAUSES, an important aspect of advanced English grammar. Mastering them will help you pass your CPE exam and ensure that your C2 writing is up to standard.
Download your FREE Grammar Explanation, and Practice Exercises & Answer Key: www.englishwithem.com/resources
00:00 Introduction
00:30 What is a participle Clause?
01:18 Present Active Participle
05:04 Perfect Active Participle
06:10 Perfect Passive Participle
07:16 Past Participle
Thank you so much for watching, and I hope you found the video helpful! Let me know your thoughts in the comments section! :-)
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You have given excellent examples to make us understand since they are very useful for formal writing. Thank you very much madam.
My pleasure. Glad it was helpful 😊🌻
Respected Ma'am, being the greatest grammarian ever born in the world, you are earnestly entreated with folded hands to join the following sentences with particle clauses-The thief saw the police.He ran away.(Join with Participle clause).
Very straightforward with brief examples. Thank you very much.
You're very welcome 😊🌻
Thank you for posting the video. It's the best video on participle clauses out there.
Thank you!
Having watched this video, I was able to solve my long-standing problem with participle clauses. Thank you!
Fabulous! You're welcome! 😊🌻
having seen your video, I can say that you're one in a million. You rock.
Thank you!
Thank you for your teaching !
My pleasure 😊🌻
I have watched many videos on participle clauses, and your video is the clearest one for me.
Thank you! 😊🌻
Excellent video . Having been watched the tutorial ,I understand well the usage of participle clauses.hats off ma'am
Thank you! I'm glad you found it useful!
I realised that I understood very much this lesson
your explanations are very clear
I have enjoyed it very much. Thanks.
Thanks Tram! I'm so glad you're enjoying the content! 😊
Having watched your explanations and rules of Participle Clause cleared some confusion about the usage of it but it needs to be watched over and over until I finally clear all confusion about Advanced Grammar Rules.
Thanks for making such an informative video on participle clauses
You're very welcome! I'm glad it was helpful 😀
It is an excellent and very complete class. Thanks¡¡¡
Thank you! I'm glad you found it helpful!
I have a midterm exam on wednesday and I felt lost about this topic. You've explained it very clearly. Thank you so much💗
Hi Brenda! You're very welcome. Good luck with your exam! 💪😊
Thanks. Having watched your video I can say that I understand participles
That's great! You're very welcome! :-)
Thank you for the video, it really helping me alot!
You're very welcome! 😊
I am not a teacher, but I have been studying English because it helps me know many things about the world.
😊🌻
Thanks for your help I really appreciate it
You're very welcome 😊🌻
Wonderful explanation !Thanks a lot indeed!
Thanks! You're very welcome 😊🌻
@@EnglishWithEm
What is the difference between Subject + got+ pp and S + be+ pp?
when can be used S + got +pp example
e.g They got promoted to higher positions in the company due to their outstanding performance.". another example
e.g They got invaded in the Opium Wars."
The peaceful village got invaded by marauders last night."
"Our computer systems got invaded by a sophisticated malware attack."
A very commendable video. Well done
Thank you. Much appreciated 😊🌻
Very helpful!
Amazing, Emma. My respect to you
Thank you 😊🌻
Thanks madam, I have been trying to get my doubts clarified on participle clauses by many English teachers but they couldn't give clarity on this topic. Having watched this video, I could understand completely.
Thanks you very much madam and do more videos on various topics like this.
You're very welcome! If there is a specific area of grammar that you would like to see a video on, let me know and I will make one.
@@EnglishWithEm Hi, Nominative absolute phrases (clauses)
It being too hot in the afternoon, we stayed at home.
The reasons for air pollution are twofold, one being excessive number of cars and the other one being fossil fuels.
There being staff shortages at airports, many travelers have had their luggage misplaced or even lost.
I hope my sentences are correct, but a lesson on this topic is much appreciated.
@@saeid9800 Hi Saeid, in the sentence '... one being excessive number of cars and the other one being fossil fuels.' you need to use an article - 'an excessive number'. Aside from that, your sentences are perfect!
To be honest, nominative absolute phrases are not something I know a lot about. You are the first person to ask me about them and I've never seen them in a grammar course. I'll take some time to learn about them and then I'll certainly make a video on the subject :-)
@@EnglishWithEm You made my day. You don't know how happy I am that all my "absolute" clauses are correct.
You're right that there isn't much information available about absolute clauses, but I don't know why. To the extent that I know, there is just one major difference between reduced adverb clauses and absolute clauses: In reduced adverb clauses, the subject in both clauses must be the same, but in absolute clauses we don't have such limitation and we can join two sentences with two different subjects.
Being late, I took a taxi to work. ( The same subject in both sentences)
It being hot in the afternoon, I stayed at home. (Two different subjects)
@@saeid9800 Interesting! I'll definitely look into it. Thinking about it, they're actually very common.... That (being) said... All things considered...
Great explanation!
Thank you! :-)
You are the best. ❤
Thank you 😍🌻
Excellent video, thank u madam.
You're very welcome!
Effective and good. Thank u madam
You're welcome!
thanks a lot for such a deep clarification on Participles!
Could you please comment on this one: "Having carried out research, scientists have revealed that...." is usage of Present perfect correct in the main clause or should I use Past simple?
Thanks in advance!
You're welcome!
Yes, the present perfect is appropriate here because you are referring to past research that is still relevant now. This kind of phrase would be appropriate in an introduction, or perhaps a literature review.
This site has some useful information about tenses in scientific writing: www.unlv.edu/sites/default/files/page_files/27/GradCollege-VerbTenseScientificManuscripts.pdf
Thanks!!!
You're welcome! 😊🌻
So informative content ❤️
Thank you! It's my mission to be as clear as possible 😊🌻
Thanks for video!!! I'm wondering that can i use "street by singing" instead of "street, singing" in the second example of 2 simultaneous event with the same subject stage? Thank you!!!
Hi Mert, in this case you can't say 'by singing'. 'By' would be used to explain how something was done. For example, She cooled down the room by opening the window. They improved their English by studying hard. In the example phrase, singing didn't enable her to walk down the street, so 'by' is not possible. I hope this clarifies things! 😊
Nice moment and love for you.
Thank uuuuuu so much ❤❤❤❤❤
You're very welcome 😊🌻
Hi Emma! This lesson is perfect! I enjoyed it badly! The structure very similar to Russian participial phrase in a sentence. Thank you!😄👌We usually express Participle Clause with the only participle, which takes different forms reffering to subject(active, passive, continuous, complete, reflexive complete).
My examples on this topic: 1)Being lived in Spain for many years I`ve still never attended corrida.
2)Living in Spain for years I`ve still never participated corrida.
3)Having lived in Spain for years I......
4)Being in Spain for years I.....
Are there suttle different meanings in these sentences? I hope there are!
Never being tired of thanking You! 🙆♂❤🧡💛💚💙💜🤎🖤🤍
Hey Eugene! Forgive the delayed response. Busy times!
The example doesn’t work because the sentence shows a contrast, not a cause and effect. You could amend it slightly and say:
Despite having lived in Spain for many years, I’ve still never attended corrida.
Despite living in Spain for years, I’ve never….
Despite being in Spain….
‘Despite being lived’ is not correct. ‘being’ describes a state, so it is often followed by an adjective. It can be confusing because adjectives and participles often look the same!
Using the perfect participle shows that the action of the participle clause happened first, so it indicates that it is finished. However, the verbs ‘live’ and ‘work’ don’t really follow this rule. For me, the first two sentences, ‘despite having lived’ and ‘despite living’, are the same.
If you look at a different verb, the rule holds:
Having walked home, I ate my lunch. (I walked home. Then I ate my lunch)
Walking home, I ate my lunch. (While I was walking home, I ate my lunch)
😊🌻
@@EnglishWithEm Wow! Thank you Emma! Please, don`t apologize ever! I am in no hurry as far as learning English is concerned. Whatever delay of responding you take you never be late for me. I feel myself a bit shy taking your time although I love when you correct me. It`s really exiting and helpful! There is something to re-master over the topic according to your corrections, so I am already diving in. I hope it’s useful for you as a teacher to have incorrect examples of how foreigners construct phrases for your lessons.😄🧐🙏✍💪👩🏫❤🧡💛💚💙💜🤎🖤🤍
TY.
You're welcome!
watching this video I stopped being confused, omg English can be so confusing and easily can make you confused, cheers
Hi! That's great! My objective with these videos is to be as clear as possible, so it's lovely to hear that 😁🌻
You're literally the best teacher on You tube when it comes to teaching advanced grammar. I wish I could return your kindness by donating money but unfortunately, coming from a sanction-infiliced country, where we can't have access to Visa card or,etc , I can't transfer money to you. I fell so embarrassed and ashamed about it. I don't like to be a freeloader using people's services without giving them anything in exchange 😕
Thank you! I very much appreciate the sentiment, but you really shouldn't feel bad about it. I started this channel primarily to help people learn and I believe that education should be free for everyone. If it makes me some money, that would be great because I enjoy making the content and would love to make it a full-time job, but the point of services like TH-cam is that they are free to users. Just by watching the content, you are supporting me! Likes, comments, and shares all help and I earn a small amount from the ads if people watch them. 🙌😊🌻
You're a lifesaver 🥰😍
Happy to help! :-)
Hello ma'am.
Great video!
Thank you!
Very useful madam, keep up the good work
Thank you! I'm glad you found it useful :-)
bless you
I am from Iran , I really appreciated you . I hope best for you. I learned it thorouly.
watched your video , we will success in IELTS exam😍😍😍😂
Hi Sina, I'm glad the video was helpful for you! Good luck in your exam! 💪😀
@@EnglishWithEm 🌹🌹
Thank you techer❤❤❤
You're welcome! 😊🌻
@@EnglishWithEm thank you so much im from kurdistan ❤️
@@shakoozeri 😊😊😊
Great❤❤❤❤
Thanks 😊🌻
Amazing video. Thanks a million.
I have a confusion on the punctuations of participle clauses. specifically, in the following two examples:
1- The children came onto the stage wearing brightly coloured costumes.
2- Elizabeth walked down the street, singing softly to herself.
Does the original form of the above mentioned two sentences before
turning them to participle as following:
1-The children came onto the stage and they wore brightly coloured costumes.
2- Elizabeth walked down the street and song softly to herself.
Thanks in advance 🙏
Hi. 'Wearing brighly coloured costumes' is extra information that describes the children. It would originally be 2 distinct sentences. 'The chioldren came onto the stage. They were wearing brightly coloured costumes.'
In the case of Elizabeth, the two actions happened at the same time. 'Elizabeth walked down the street. Elizabeth sang softly to herself.' Because the subject is the same, a participle clause can be used.
As far as punctuation is concerned, the general rule is that if the clause comes at the end of the sentence, but doesn't directly follow the word it modifies, there should be a comma. By that logic, there should be a comma before 'wearing'. However, it doesn't seem necessary to me and I'm not sure why!
I'll have a think about it and let you know if I figure it out!
@@EnglishWithEm Thanks a million ♥️
@@mahmoudabbas1721 No problem 😊
thank you madam
You're welcome!
Good one
Thanks 😊🌻
This is about clauses and participle.
Yes, a specific type of clause. This is an advanced area of grammar. It is very common in formal writing as it makes it more concise 😊🌻
excellent
Thank you!
I want to ask a question. At 3:30 Does the second sentence beginning with the children has a misplaced modifier? Does the participle phrase, wearing brightly coloured costumes, need to be come after the children? I couldnt understand that.
Hi. No, it’s fine. A misplaced/dangling modifier occurs when it isn’t clear what the clause refers to. This either happens because there is ambiguity, or because the subjects of the two clauses are different. In this case, the subject ‘they’ can be omitted because it is the same subject as the main clause ‘the children’. It is clear that it is the children who were wearing brightly coloured costumes because a stage cannot be wearing brightly coloured costumes.
You could also say:
Wearing brightly coloured costumes, the children came onto the stage.
Some examples of dangling modifiers:
Brightly decorated, the children came onto the stage.
or
The children came onto the stage brightly decorated.
‘Brightly decorated’ is a dangling modifier because it refers to the stage, not the children.
The children came onto the stage. They were covered in blankets.
The children came onto the stage covered in blankets.
‘Covered in blankets’ is a dangling modifier because it isn’t clear what the subject is. It could be the children that are covered in blankets, but it could also be the stage.
In this case, it would be more appropriate to put the clause first in order to avoid this ambiguity.
Covered in blankets, the children came onto the stage.
Dear Prof I do adore your splendid lesson. I was wondering if I might dare to ask you a question? Prefacing that, the Present participle acts as an adjective; is there any difference between these two clause:
I saw some falling leaves ( falling describe leaves. Leaves is falling down now)
I saw some fallen leaves ( fallen describe leaves too? Leaves are already on the grass ). Thank you. I pay my respects to you. A
Hi Andrea, thanks for your appreciation!
You're absolutely right. Both are examples of reduced adjective clauses, which are a type of participle clause.
The present participle describes the action in progress, while the past participle describes that result of a completed action. The leaves are already on the grass.
The original, unreduced sentences would read like this:
I saw some leaves which were falling.
I saw some leaves which had fallen.
i inot understand the final senteces the insr=tructions are very clear is in the present tense However the orhher sentences is in te past tense "decided"
This type of participle clause is about cause and effect, and it's possible for a past cause to have either a past effect or a present effect.
'Written by experts, the instructions are very clear.'
'The instructions are clear' is in the present tense because it is a fact. It describes a state that is true in the present. The instructions are clear (factual information about the current state of the instructions) because they were written (in the past) by experts.
'Accused of lying, the politician decided to resign.'
We are talking about a past action - the politician decided to resign because he was accused of lying.
If we used the present tense 'the politician decides to resign', it would be like saying that this is a repeated action.
I hope that helps 🌻
What is distinguish participle Clause and adjective claise
Participle clauses can be used to give a result or a reason, to talk about an action that happened at the same time as another action, to show a conditional relationship, to show that one action happened before another, and to describe the subject of the main clause. This last type (to describe) is also an adjective clause. In other words, an adjective clause is one type of participle clause.
👍
😊🌻
good video
thank you!
I had almost fallen asleep but had time to change the channel 😆
Oh dear! It definitely wasn't my intention to put viewers to sleep! 😆 On the plus side, sleep is good for you! 😁😴
Having watched this video, I realised I have to learn more about participle clauses. is it correct?
Hi Christina, yes, that's perfect! 👌
Hi Em. Still, it is unclear to me how to differentiate the ADJECTIVAL participle clauses from the adverbial ones. "Looking a little nervous, the students opened their exam papers." "The children came onto the stage wearing brightly coloured costumes". Can you help?
Hi, adjectival participal clauses modify nouns, while adverbial ones modify the action in the main clause. In the two examples above, the clause modifies the subject - the students, and the children.
An example of an adverbial one - Feeling exhausted, he left the party. - the clause tells us more about the way he left the party.
@@EnglishWithEm "Looking a little nervous" and "feeling exhausted " - these participle phrases look exactly the same because they answer the questions "how?", "in what state?" It seems to me they are both adverbial. Look at this:
How to differentiate adjectival participle phrases from adverbial participle ones.
All subordinate clauses can be viewed as either modifying a noun in the main sentence, or modifying a verb. One that modify nouns you can treat as adjectival, and ones that modify verbs you can treat as adverbial.
Now, participial phrases are an interesting case, because technically they are not clauses at all (however, what gets called "participial clause" is the same as what would more strictly be called a "participial phrase, so it is not a big deal).
The boy, running from monster, did not see the trap.
This participial phrase is definitely modifying boy (so you can think of it as adjectival). The trickiness comes in from seeing how that participial phrase (running from the monster) fits in with the main verb (did not see).
It is very likely that the reason the boy did not see the trap was because he was running (and not paying attention). If a word or phrase helps answer the questions "where?", "when?", "why?", or "how?", it is an adverb or an adverbial phrase.
So, "running from the monster" both:
• describes the boy
• explains why the main verb happened
•
So in this instance, it is both adverbial and adjectival
Thank you very much for your attention.
in 2nd example present active ing clauses ,aren’t they acts as two actions happening at the same time?
Hi!
When you say ‘2nd example’, do you mean the examples of the 2nd use:
- Looking a little nervous, the students opened their exam papers.
- The children came onto the stage wearing brightly coloured costumes.
In both cases, the participle clause describes the subject. The students looked nervous. (this describes their state). The children were wearing brightly coloured costumes. (this describes their appearance).
Or the second example in the 1st use:
- Hoping to improve my French, I joined a class.
This clause gives us the reason why the subject joined a class. Also, hope is a state verb. It does not describe an action.
Hi mam!
‘I have not been sleeping for 3 days’
‘I have not been able to sleep for 3days’ Do these two sentences mean the same?
‘The man cuts wood using an axe’
In this case the participle clause means ‘by using an axe’?
‘The man arrested by the police was my friend’ It means ‘The man who was arrested by……’?
If we use ‘as’ and ‘being’ at the beginning of the sentence like
‘As/being a doctor…’ does it mean the same?
Hi!
‘I have not been sleeping for 3 days’ sounds unusual. Using the present perfect continuous makes it sound like you are referring to sleeping continuously.
‘I have not been able to sleep for 3 days’ is the correct form.
Regarding the 2 participle clause questions, you are correct.
Regarding ‘as’ and ‘being’, if you say ‘As a doctor…’ means ‘in my capacity as a doctor’. Eg, ‘As a doctor, I can tell you that you are fine.’ ‘As a doctor, I see many patients with this problem.’
‘Being a doctor’ is more likely to be followed by an adjective phrase. Eg. ‘Being a doctor is hard work.’ ‘Being a doctor is a rewarding job.’
👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌
you're being "spectacular" I highly appreciate and this : "being +v3" .I ldon't like being kept waiting for a while. ?? or the person who was being seen , into, the person being seen ?? or this : being used in simple terms to keep on learning this issue..??
All correct! Although the first example - you're being + adjective, is more typical with negative adjectives, when someone is behaving in a way that is not in their usual character.
Dear Prof,
Would you mind supervising my three steps of writing ?
Elementary Level:
Wider roads can solve traffic congestion.Wider roads allow traffic to move more easily.
Intermediate Level :
Constructing wider roads, can solve traffic congestion because it allows traffic to move more easily.
Advanced Level :
Constructing wider roads can solve traffic congestion, which is a grievous problem in most major cities during rush hour, because it allows traffic to move more efficiently.
I wish you to know how much I value what you have done.
Far thee well dearest splendid Prof. Andrea
PS: I have bought your complete participle clause lesson... utterly marvellous !!!
Hi Andrea! Sorry for the delayed response. My students have submitted assignments, so I have been busy marking... no rest for the wicked!
One minor correction:
Constructing wider roads can… (no comma before ‘can’).
Actually, thinking about it, in the advanced phrase I would say ...rush hour, because they allow...
The reason for this is that although the subject of the phrase is 'Constructing wider roads', which is singular, it is the wider roads which allow the traffic to move more efficiently, not the action of constructing them.
Thank you for buying the lesson! I hope you will get good use out of it! 😊🌻💐🌸
@@EnglishWithEm Thank you very much Indeed, Dear Prof. Andrea
@@andreagiraldomdphd.8376 You're very welcome! 😊
7twssssddxv
Hi Teacher Emma!
It` very kind of you for making such a video lesson. I really appreciate it as it will definitely improve my academic writing skills. The lesson has been explained in a chronological order with a suitable heading for each chapter. This helps our understanding. The explanations are crystal clear.
Would you mind my asking, is it possible to upload a lesson about Reduced Adverb Clauses and Noun Clauses. I am very confused on these topics.
Once again, thank you for your valuable video lessons.
See you soon!
Best Wishes,
Fazil 😀
Hi Fazil, thank you for the lovely comment! Someone recently asked me about reduced noun clauses... was it you? I've added it to my list of videos to make and I'll add reduced adverb clauses too! 😊🌻🌹
Thank you madam.‘Worry keeps us busy doing nothing’ here who is doing nothing? Worry or we.please explain.
Hi Omprakash, in this case it is 'we' who are doing nothing. It's a little complicated to explain, but I will try!
'Keep' is often used with adjectives to mean 'stay (continue to be) in a particular state or condition. Typcal examples are 'keep warm', 'keep cool', and 'keep busy'. 'Keep busy' is either followed by 'with + noun', or 'a gerund'.
- I'm keeping busy with housework.
- I'm keeping busy doing the housework.
If something keeps you in a particular state, it causes you to stay in that state. In the example sentence, it is worry that causes you to stay in a state of being busy.
If you are busy doing nothing, you are busy, but the things you are doing are not achieving anything. In the example sentence, the expression is used to describe a situation where we are trying to occupy our time in order to distract ourselves from something else (the fact that we are worried about something).
So - because we are worried, we are occupying our time with unproductive tasks in order to avoid thinking about the fact that we are worried.
I hope this helps!
@@EnglishWithEm Thank you so much
@@EnglishWithEm If we change the order to ‘doing nothing worry keeps us busy’.does the meaning change?
@@omprakashmohapatra1940 You're very welcome!
@@omprakashmohapatra1940 In order to be correct, you need to include the comma - doing nothing, worry keeps us busy.
The meaning is a little different. For me, the original sentence sounds more like a standard clause rather than a participle clause. This is because 'busy doing nothing' is one action.
You could consider being busy and doing nothing as two separate clauses, but it seems strange to me. It would be - we were busy being worried + we were doing nothing (2 simultaneous events with the same subject).
If we do that, the meaning changes. We are not 'busy doing nothing in order to distract ourselves from our worries' (in this case, we are doing unproductive things). Instead 'we are busy being worried', and 'doing nothing' (in this case, we are doing nothing at all except worrying).
Hello madam. Thanks for the video. Could you make a video about omitting the subject pronouns? Sometimes I could not understand the sentences. For instance, "went to school yesterday", I can not understand who went to school yesterday.
Hi! I'm happy to help. Could you tell me where you heard that sentence? The context is important to know who the subject is. Without knowing the exact details, it seems to me that the speaker is probably the subject. Sometimes this type of language is used in text communication because it is shorter than using the complete phrase. We might say - 'Hi, how are you? Went to school yesterday. Learned about algebra...' In this case, we could omit the subject because the reader knows the texter is referring to themself.
Is it all or there are more types of participle, teacher?
Hi! As far as I am aware, this is all types of participle clause. There are other clauses that look very similar, for example, reduced adjective clauses (also called reduced relative clauses)
Thanks for sharing this informative video.
Hi madam, thank you for sharing
I have one question, can we use these particples in speaking like:
"I walked in a park, breathing fresh air"
Hi! Yes, you can use them in normal conversation, but they are a little formal. They are used more in writing, particularly formal writing, because they enable the writer to be concise.
We can say the same thing, but with different degrees of formality. In the examples below, the phrase with the participle clause is the most formal.
Reaching the top of the hill, I stopped to admire the view - formal
When I reached the top of the hill, I stopped to admire the view - neutral
When I got to the top of the hill, I stopped to admire the view - informal. (we can use get as an informal way of expressing several verbs - reach, buy, arrive, bring, become)
@@EnglishWithEm thanks so much, Can I use participles in IELTS Speaking part 3 ? I think this part is a formal context.
@Thánh Đọc Sách _ Thích học Tiếng Anh You can use them, but part 3 is supposed to represent a normal conversation. The language shouldn't be too informal or too formal. If you use a lot of very formal language, it won't sound natural and may sound overly rehearsed.
One example of a participle that is quite natural in normal speech is the substitute for 'because I have...'.
Because I have been to France many times = Having been to France many times
@@EnglishWithEm Ok, I will take note of your words .
In IELTS part 3, there's one question like "Do you think air pollution mostly comes from mobile vehicles ?"
So my answer is
" Transport is a great user of transport, and therefore burns most the world's petroleum, creating air pollution"
So Does "creating air pollution" sound natural in this context?
@@thayanhtienganhvacaccon969 yes, it does. It's actually quite common in speaking to use a participle in place of a relative pronoun.
Hello Teacher! Could you please tell me about the sentences: 1. The children sat in the fancy restaurant found it difficult to behave and 2. The children sitting in the f... PLEASE. For TOEFL it is supposed that the correct response is sentence 2. with the present participle. why? What does it mean? what is the complete clause? Thanks in advance. It is impossible for me to understand since for my mother language, spanish SENTADOS, has a complete passive meaning.
Hi! This is an example of a reduced adjective clause, also known as a reduced relative clause. It looks very much like a participle clause, but it’s not the same thing. The complete sentence would be ‘The children who were sitting in the fancy restaurant found it difficult to behave.’ The adjective clause is ‘who were sitting in the fancy restaurant.’ It acts as an adjective describing the noun ‘the children’. Adjective clauses begin with the relative pronouns ‘who’, that’, or ‘which’, and they directly follow the noun that they describe.
If an adjective clause describes the subject (the person or thing that does the action), it can be reduced.
If the phrase is active, you delete the relative pronoun and use the ‘ing’ form of the verb. ‘The children sitting in the fancy restaurant found it difficult to behave.’
In order to use ‘sat’ instead of ‘sitting’, the original phrase would have to be passive, ‘The children who were sat in the fancy restaurant found it difficult to behave.’
This is quite strange because ‘sit’ is a verb that is generally active. ‘The children sat’, NOT ‘The children were sat by someone.’
You might be interested in my recent video on this topic: Reduced Adjective Clauses: th-cam.com/video/Y1EsxyIOIHs/w-d-xo.html
I hope this explanation helps! 😊🌻
@@EnglishWithEm Thank you very much for your extensive explanation. You can be sure that I will study each word you kindly typed. I feel really grateful and lucky to have found such a professional and nice teacher like you. Of course that will subscribe to your channel to learn from your videos. Muchas gracias por todo, reciba un abrazo y todo mi cariño, respetuosamente, su amigo Christian Vázquez Téllez desde Puebla México❤❤❤❤❤❤
@@FITNESSEMERGENCY Buenos días Christian! De nada, y muchas gracias por su apoyo 😊😊😊🌻🌻🌻
😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍AMAZING
Thank you!
Are participle clauses dependent clauses or independent?
They are dependent. They do not make sense without the main clause.
@@EnglishWithEm thanks
@@EnglishWithEm But how can we call it a clause when it's not a subject verb combination?
@@naseermak4357 This is something that many grammarians debate. For me, although the subject is not actually stated, it is implied. The use of the participle is simply a more economical way of saying it.
Smiling happily, she hung up the phone.
- The implication here is: She was smiling happily. She hung up the phone.
The subject is implicit.
That is just my view on the topic. As I said, it is open to debate!
@@EnglishWithEm having completed my work, I went to play. Should I call it a simple sentence or complex?
Hi mam, I have a question
‘After producing sufficient proof,the court decided to release the accused’.
Is it correct? Here the lawyer produced proof and the court released the accused?
The phrase doesn't work because it appears that it is the court that produced the proof and not the lawyer. You would have to use a passive construction to indicate that the action was done by someone other than the court:
After sufficient proof had been produced, the court decided to release the accused.
However, this isn't a participle clause.
A participle clause has to have the same subject as the main clause, so it isn't possible in this case.
@@EnglishWithEm got it,Thank you
By not listening to the lecture carefully,I always face problems.
Is this a correct sentence?
@@omprakashmohapatra1940 It is correct, but saying 'the lecture' suggests 1 specific lecture. If you are talking about lectures in general, use the plural form - By not listening to lectures carefully, I always face problems.
@@EnglishWithEm ‘Bored by the film,Elizabeth left the cinema’.Is it correct to say ‘Being bored by the film…’?
Ing form can be used before past participle?
crank up the volume pls
I got a new microphone recently, but I'm not sure it's any better than the last one. I'll have to keep looking!
Hi mam,how to understand 2 simultaneous events with same subject, how to write this type of sentences ,some teachers is saying present participle phrase is acting as a adjective and adverb in the sentence .in this sentence,is this two participle phrases telling subject noun or object noun.some times , after comma at the end of sentences, present participle phrase and past participle phrase is discribing object noun . could you please explain madam, when this type of sentences are coming? especially after comma at the end of sentences (non essential reduced adjective clauses)
Participle clauses are used when the subject of the main clause and the participle clause are the same.
If a participle clause is being used to describe something, it is describing the subject, not the object.
This type of participle clause can be described as a non-essential adjective clause.
My brother, who was tired, went to bed early. (adjective clause)
Being tired, my brother went to bed early. (participle clause)
A girl, who was smiling happily, walked past me. (adjective clause)
Smiling happily, a girl walked past me. (participle clause)
@@EnglishWithEm This is the first time I am seeing you valuable content. One question crossed my mind while reading your explanation: Is it possible to move the participial phrases to different parts of the sentence:
Smiling happily, a girl walked past me.
A girl, smiling happily, walked past me .
A girl walked passed me, smiling happily.
@@saeid9800 Hi! Yes, it is possible to place the clause at the beginning, the end, or after the subject of the main clause. There are some typical patterns, but there is no fixed rule. An example of this is using a participle clause to talk about one action interrupting another. It is much more usual to place the shorter action first and the longer action, using the participle, at the end - I broke my ankle playing football. You could also say 'I, playing football, broke my ankle', or 'Playing football, I broke my ankle', but it is more typical to say 'I broke my ankle playing football.
@@EnglishWithEm Thank you. So, in my example it is possible to move the participial clause to different parts of the sentence and they are all EQUALLY common.
Smiling happily, a girl walked past me. /A girl, smiling happily, walked past me. /A girl walked past me, smiling happily.
But, in your example, only the third sentence is more common:
I broke my leg, playing football.
In addition, did you omit comma in the third example on purpose or was it a typo?
I broke my leg playing football.
OR
I broke my leg, playing football.
@@saeid9800 Hi! Regarding whether they are equally common, placing the clause after the subject is definitely less typical than at the beginning or the end. I think that's true in all cases where a participle clause is used.
Good question regarding the comma! I omitted it on purpose.
If the participle clause comes first, you need a comma. - Smiling happily, a girl walked past me.
If it is in the middle, it should have a comma before and after - A girl, smiling happily, walked past me.
If it is at the end, it usually has a comma before - A girl walked past me, smiling happily.
There are 3 exceptions:
If it is at the end and it immediately follows the noun which it modifies, don't use a comma:
- I saw the thief stealing the painting.
If the participle clause is restrictive (a defining relative clause):
- The man wearing the jacket was tall.
If the participle clause follows a conjunction or preposition:
- I broke my leg (while) playing football.
Excellent
Do not find words to compliment you
I will write you an email concerning some queries.
Thank you! 😊🌻
I was watching this.
🙌🌻
Statement
Madam,please give answer to this question.In the sentence"He was clever",how to question this sentence to get the answer clever using wh word.ex:_what was he like?or what kind of boy was he?please the correct method of questioning.
This short might help you: th-cam.com/users/shortsvBkfKQTd_nY
@@EnglishWithEm so,the question can be"what is he like? Or what type of person is he?But can't I say"how was he"
@@sivasenglishgrammar Yes, both work, and no, if you ask 'How was he?', the listener would think you were asking about his state at the time of meeting.
How was he? - He was ok. A bit tired. (It's the past form of 'how are you?').
The man left in a hurry ,and as a result, he forgot to collect his coat. How come this sentence stands for a simultaneous action ? Isn't it cause and effect ? May I know the reason , Mam ? Thank you.
Hi Rasel, sorry for the delayed reply. For some reason, this comment didn't appear in my feed. My reasoning was that the actions of 'leaving' and 'forgetting' occurred at the same time. In this case, the participle clause usually comes second. When we talk about cause and effect, the participle clause comes first. If we said 'Forgetting to collect his coat, the man left in a hurry', it would mean that the action of 'forgetting his coat' caused him to 'leave in a hurry'. This wouldn't make sense. However, we could change the structure a bit and say - 'Leaving in a hurry, the man forgot to collect his coat.'
Madam,good morning.In the sentence;;Arriving late,we missed:::::::
Why do you call it a participial clause.It has no subject and verb.We call them participial phrases.I want to know the reason for calling it a participial clause.I want to get my doubt clarified.
Hi Siva,
There is a lot of confusion over this all over the internet. Most people use the terms participle clause and participle phrase interchangeably. The reason for calling it a clause is that it contains the idea of a subject and predicate, though expressed more concisely. Arriving late = because we arrived late. Strictly speaking, participle clauses are a type of participle phrase.
Not all participle phrases can be considered participle clauses. I saw Maria running along the sand. - ‘running along the sand’ is a participle phrase, but it is not a participle clause. It is a reduced adjective clause, in other words an adjective phrase. I saw Maria, who was running along the sand.
A participle phrase is only a participle clause if it has the same subject as the main clause. Running along the sand, I saw Maria. Here ‘running along the sand’ is a participle clause because the subject of both clauses is the same. I was running along the sand when I saw Maria.
@@EnglishWithEm you are an excellent teacher.Thank you.
@@sivasenglishgrammar Thank you! It's my pleasure 😊🌻
A clause is a part of a sentence that has a subject and a verb. I don't understand why participle phrase should be called a clause.
You're right. Participle phrases are often referred to as participle clauses. This is the case in English textbooks and all over the internet, and is a source of disagreement among grammarians. Many argue that a participle phrase is indeed a clause, but stated in a more economical way.
Smiling brightly, she accepted the prize. - The meaning of the participle phrase/clause is 'She was smiling brightly', so there is a subject and verb.
I think calling them 'participle clauses' helps to differentiate between this type of participle phrase and other types, such as:
The girl reading the book is my sister.
The participle phrase 'reading the book' is a reduced adjective clause rather than a participle clause (a type of adverbial clause).
That's my take on it. As mentioned above, it is open to debate.
Dear Prof, what do you think about my thoughts:
🔹Smoking cigarettes IS dangerous.
🔸Smoking cigarettes ARE dangerous.
The first sentence is gerund because smoking is a subject of the sentence. Hence, smoking is dangerous.
The second smoking is an adjective because modify the number of cigarettes, so the point is the number of the cigarettes. Hence, the number of cigarettes are dangerous.
Is that correct ?
Interesting! You’re right regarding ‘is’. In this case it is the action of ‘smoking cigarettes’ which is dangerous. Regarding ‘are’, you’re right that smoking is an adjective, and it modifies the noun ‘cigarettes’, but it isn’t about the number. The plural form is used here because cigarettes are being referred to in a general sense, rather than some specific cigarettes. It’s like saying ‘Cigarettes which are burning/smoking are dangerous.’ It isn’t about the number of cigarettes, rather the fact that a burning cigarette is a dangerous thing in a general sense.
@@EnglishWithEm Thank you. Love you. A
@@andreagiraldomdphd.8376 Always a pleasure! 🌻
Exhausted after the match, she went straight to bed. Here, how to make sure that 'exhausted' refers to ' being exhausted, or having been exhausted? Can't it be both?
Interesting question! In the case of 'Exhausted after the match, she went to bed', (passive cause and effect), this structure is used to explain why something happened. The state of being exhausted and the action of going to bed happen simultaneously. The participle in this case is a state.
The perfect passive ‘Having been…’, is used to emphasise that the action of the participle clause happened first. This performs the same function as using the past perfect tense. The past perfect is used when there are two finished past actions. It indicates that she was exhausted. Then she stopped being exhausted and went to bed. The actions/states cannot be simultaneous.
It is often possible to use the past passive or the perfect passive with no change in the meaning if we are referring to an action. The action in the participle clause happens first and is finished. For example:
Destroyed by the fire, the house collapsed. - The house collapsed because it had been destroyed by the fire. The participle clause tells us why the action in the main clause happens. Because it also describes an action that happened before the action of the main clause, we can use the perfect passive:
Having been destroyed by the fire, the house collapsed. - The emphasis is on the fact that the house had been destroyed by the fire first, before it collapsed.
You cannot do this with a state, as the state does not end before the subsequent action.
Quite a long explanation... I hope this helps clarify things! Basically, if the participle clause describes something that is finished before the action of the main clause, you can use both the past, or the perfect passive.
If it describes something that is not finished, you can only use the past.
@@EnglishWithEm Good, thank you for taking much of your time and clarifying. :)
@@EnglishWithEm Yeah, I replayed it. Another doubt I had, has also been cleared at the end of the video. It was like, "Having been accused of lying, the student was expelled... and, Accused of lying, the student was expelled..." have often the same meaning. Thank you.
@@ramu9375 You're very welcome!
@@ramu9375 Yes, exactly! I'm glad I could help. Clarity is my main aim with these videos. 😊🌻
Dear Prof there is some homework. I would greatly appreciate it if you would be so kind as to let me have your precious opinion on my ones. It is a quite difficult topic.
I do adore your accent; I beg your pardon but I really do not like the American accent as there is too much "RRRRRRRRRR" sound.
A) because I am a man, I shave every day.
B) Being a man, I shave every day (present participle).
A) because I was young, I made a plenty of mistakes.
B) Being young, I made a plenty of mistakes.(present participle )
A) As we arrived at the market, we saw an enormous queue.
B) Arriving at the market, we saw an enormous queue.
A) As I didn’t have enough money, I dedicated to cook a meal at home.
B) Not having enough money, I dedicated to cook a meal at home.
A) while I was jogging beside the lake, I heard the police sirens.
B) jogging beside the lake , I heard the police sirens.
A)I have tried the caffe, I do not recommend it.
B) Having tried the coffe, I do not recommend it. ( perfect participle) .
A) I tried the caffe, I do not recommend it.
B) Tried the caffe, I do not recommend it
A) After harry had left school, he joined the army.
B) Having left school he joined the army. ( perfect participle) .
A) He had got a job in a London bank, then he lost his job.
B) having got a job in London he lost his job ( perfect participle) .
A) after he had robber a bank, he went to prison.
B) Having robber a bank he went to prison. ( perfect participle) .
A) He had worked as a waiter and then he got a job as a singer in a night club
B) Having worked as a waiter and then he got a job as a singer in a night club ( perfect participle)
A) I have seen the fil before, I don’t want to see it again.
B) Having seen the film before, I don’t want to see it again.
A) After she had finished her breakfast, she left the house and went for her office.
B) Having finished her breakfast, she left these and went for her office
A) I understood the formula after I had talked to you
B) Having talked to you, I understood the formula
A) I had read the chapter four times. I finally understood the author’s theory.
B) Having read the chapter four times, I finally understood the author’s theory
A) After she had eaten, Mary went back to studying.
B) Having eaten, Mary went back to studying. (participle clause).
Hence:
Having eaten ( Participle Phrase dependent clause) , Mary went back to studying ( main clause effect clause independent clause) = all sentence is a participle clause.
A) After she had put on her make-up, she looked good.
B) Having put on her make-up, she looked good. (participle clause)
A) As she entered the house, she heard a familiar voice in the living room
B) Entering the hose, she heard a familiar voice in the living room
A) Because I was listening to music in my bedroom, I couldn't hear the doorbell
B) listening to music in my bedroom, I couldn't hear the doorbell
A) because he grew up in Denmark , he was used to the cold
B) Growing up in Denmark, he was used to the cold
or
C) having grown in Denmark, he was used to the cold.
Words cannot describe how grateful I am for correcting that. I pay my respect to you. Andrea
Wow, that's quite a list! You're lucky you caught me on an unusually quiet morning!
The following sentences contain corrections:
A) because I was young, I made plenty of mistakes. B) Being young, I made plenty of mistakes.(present participle )
A) As I didn’t have enough money, I decided to cook a meal at home. B) Not having enough money, I decided to cook a meal at home.
A)I have tried the coffee. I do not recommend it. B) Having tried the coffee, I do not recommend it. ( perfect participle) .
A) I tried the coffee. I do not recommend it. B) Tried the coffee, I do not recommend it - The past participle doesn’t work in this phrase - it is only used when there is a passive meaning.
A) after he had robbed a bank, he went to prison. B) Having robbed a bank he went to prison. ( perfect participle) .
A) After she had finished her breakfast, she left the house and went to work. B) Having finished her breakfast, she left the house and went to work.
In both of the following sets of phrases, the participle clause doesn’t work. We only use it to show that one action happened before another when the two actions are linked. Either one happens immediately following the other, or there is a cause/effect relationship. It is unlikely that a person would lose their job moments after getting it, and there is no causal relationship. The same is true of the next set. There is no causal relationship between working as a waiter and singing in a night club. Also, we don’t use ‘then’ with the participle clause because use of the participle clause renders it redundant (unnecessary).
A) He had got a job in a London bank, then he lost his job. B) having got a job in London he lost his job ( perfect participle) .
B) A) He had worked as a waiter and then he got a job as a singer in a night club B) Having worked as a waiter and then he got a job as a singer in a night club ( perfect participle)
Regarding my accent, thanks! 😊
@@EnglishWithEm thank you. I’m a disaster
@@andreagiraldomdphd.8376 You're very welcome! You're not a disaster at all! The majority of the sentences were correct and the others just had a few small errors. As you yourself said, participle clauses are quite difficult. They don't generally get taught before you reach advanced level! 💪🌻
@@EnglishWithEm Thank you Prof. A
@@andreagiraldomdphd.8376 😊🌻