When Did Hominins First Leave Africa?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 21 ก.ย. 2022
- At some point deep in prehistory, the first hominins left Africa to spread around Eurasia. When did this happen and who was migrating have been subject to huge debate!
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Sources:
Dmanisi:
"Hominin occupations at the Dmanisi site, Georgia, Southern Caucasus: Raw
materials and technical behaviours of Europe’s first hominins"
"A Plio-Pleistocene hominid from Dmanisi, East Georgia, Caucasus"
"Earliest human occupations at Dmanisi (Georgian Caucasus) dated to 1.85-1.78 Ma"
Homo Floresiensis:
"The affinities of Homo floresiensis based on phylogenetic analyses
of cranial, dental, and postcranial characters"
China tools:
"Hominin occupation of the Chinese Loess Plateau since about 2.1 million years ago"
Jordan Tools:
"Chronologic constraints on hominin dispersal outside Africa since
2.48 Ma from the Zarqa Valley, Jordan"
Cut Marks India:
"Intentional cut marks on bovid from the Quranwala zone, 2.6 Ma, Siwalik Frontal Range, northwestern India"
Good overview of situation:
"What kind of hominin first left Africa?"
Huge thanks as always to my patreons!
/ stefanmilo
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Disclaimer: Use my videos as a rough guide to a topic. I am not an expert, I may get things wrong. This is why I always post my sources so you can critique my work and verify things for yourselves. Of course I aim to be as accurate as possible which is why you will only find reputable sources in my videos. Secondly, information is always subject to changes as new information is uncovered by archaeologists.
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Herbaceous video coming soon here nebula.tv/stefanmilo
You're thee man!!
@Stefan Milo they recently found in 2022 a smaller hobbit that was 25% percent smaller than the og skeleton/find that was older the oj find was 3.8-3.6 feet so math that down to 25%. and dated to 800k years ago. another youtube did a find on it and you can see/find the paper from the wiki section on/in the wiki for hobbits. Florence homo hobbit
This video was a banger too, and you're banger as well!
Have a banger day!
Excuse my ignorance (English isn't my first language), but what's the meaning of banger in this context?
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Just imagine how much fossil evidence is now under water... A lot !
coastal erosion has also likely destroyed many great sites of early hominid activity.
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Doggerland is one of such underwater places of former civilization that intrigues me incredibly
@Dave Smith lmao
@@vancepham1743 😂👏
When I was a little kid, I wished there were more movies and user friendly content to help explain all these concepts and theories because it's beyond fascinating - like finding rare, buried treasure on an epic adventure. Now I find a noble Homo Sapien has filled the gap by creating all this informative, wonderful content for the curious of all ages.
Thank you Stefan Milo :)
When I was a kid, apes turned into humans or God created humans, and for the ape theory there was a straight line from apes to humans for which we now know that rarely happens with any genus.
@@johndoh5182 not to presume how old you are, but when you were a kid we still pretty well understood the primary process that lead to the evolution of homo sapiens and knee it wasn't a straight line. The famous "March of Progress" image really threw off public perception, though.
Complicated topic to make one go bananas ! Suppose to be a joke . HUH? I guess you had to be there , thing is everything .
No such word as sapien. The singular is sapiens, and the plural, should you ever need it, is sapientes. But never again say "sapien" without the final s, or the ghost of Julius Caesar will hunt you down. You have been warned.
I think the generally agreed singular is sapien, which is funny
Awesome......totally mind-blowing when you think about it. Thanks for uploading.
The content is fascinating, well researched and presented. In addition, your voice, pacing and wording are very easy listen to and keep me interested. Your enthusiasm about your topic is infectious. Thank you so much.
Oh boy. Another channel to randomly stumble upon to binge over the next few nights.
You won't be disappointed. Stefan knows his stuff.
The idea of very early humans leaving Africa and then spreading out across thousands of miles through lush and exotic locations for millions of years and caring for each other to such a degree that they were even chewing food for older relatives is...breathtaking.
It's hard to not feel a sense of obligation to that legacy and to doing our part in advancing ourselves so that future generations can look back and say the same.
Someday Galactians will be debating the "out of earth" theory
I love the way people think they know it all and nothing else matters, even when new fossils are found.
@@3Kiwiana Fossils are irrelevant to Out of Africa if their genes can't be traced to current humans.
@@nmarbletoe8210 People in the TH-cam comments are debating out of africa rn
@@3Kiwiana im confused what this is supposed ot mean
what a great and informative video. great energy and explanations, thank you for this!
I've only recently discovered and subscribed to your channel. One thing I like best about your work is that you are willing to produce documentaries on topics which are not yet resolved, by which I mean you can't end them with a neat and tidy wrap-up and bow. Of course, most any science topic can be said to be still under investigation, but I think you know what I mean here. I'm an old guy and throughout my life have enjoyed the work of many science and popular science writers/producers/educators, starting back in the day with Isaac Asimov. Thanks so much for what you're doing and for keeping so much of your content free. I understand that your Nebula productions are inexpensive but unfortunately, even that small expenditure is a bit much for me at the moment. Best wishes.
excellent coverage of a topic I had been thinking about a lot recently.
The revelation that the first hominid out of Africa was likely at least 2.5 Million years ago and was something between an australopith and homo habilis is really something amazing.
Thanks for keeping on top of the latest developments
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The oldest found hominid species was actually found in the Balkans. Out of Africa is just a made up theory accepted as fact.
At that date, we only have stone tools though so we aren't really 100% sure who made them yet. It might even be an unknown species, those pop up surprisingly often recently.
OOA has been proven false.Nothing more than anti white propaganda
Your passion for the study of ancient hominins is infectious. Every time you upload I just feel more and more proud of our ancient relatives 😎
The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥🔥🔥
You should look up Robert Sepehr
yup, and they were tough little sons of bitches. Inaccurate, of course, as bitches are dogs, not monkeys, but you get my drift!! ;D LOL
Makes me feel closer to everyone. Like they're a brother or sister
@@VeganSemihCyprus33 No
I CANNOT WAIT! For the Stefan Milo 4/20 video. 🔥
Good job on this video. I was looking for a concise video on this subject. Keep up the good work
You are by far the best educational content creator on TH-cam.
I agree.
Boring 😴
@@IrelandVonVicious what you smoking? If you are can I have some?
@@IrelandVonVicious can you explain why you think it's propaganda?
It sounds like he's simply pushing some facts our way, whilst giving some of his own opinions, to me.
The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥🔥🔥
amazing to see you become a proper documentary maker
Great watch, very informative.
Thank you for all your hard work!
Out of Africa two sounds like a boxing rematch. Easy to remember though. Great video btw.
One of the best compiled informative videos about prehistoric hominids I have seen up to this point. Credible work!
Absolutely fascination topic! Love this channel
Milo absolutely love your channel. I learn everytime I watch . Thanks for the wealth of info
Stefan no surprise, thoughtful, informative, I'm always looking for a new one from you. I got desperate and went to the archives and found some I had not seen. When you do that I can see the growth . I've shared with relatives. I do what I can for you.
LOVE your stuff and your passion.
Your videos are fascinating, Stefan. Brilliant delivery. Thank you.
Thank you for your time and efforts. Very interesting content! Looking forward to your next one! We really appreciate it!
I was hoping you wouldn't be able to finish the video. I could have watched so much more of this. Amazing stuff
This is a better teaching summary than my entire 3 semesters of Anthropology. Nicely done!
biological races do not exist and never have
Liberty university?
@@fallenhobbit6554 University of Colorado ….but haha…. I get it. Ended up majoring n Sociology and Philosophy- but always very interested in the past.
I think you found the balance between on camera and narration in this 1. Chaw well done! Thank you very much.
Love your work Stefan wish more people saw it, I try and show it to as many as a possible
Thank you, I can't get enough
Thanks Stefan. I like how you explore the findings with careful analysis and insightful skepticism.
Loved this! Blew my mind with new info and the thoughtful way you put it all together. Bravo and thanks for this!
Your videos are fantastic. There are few things more fascinating then the evolution of humanity. I doubt we will ever develop a fully-realized model, but we are getting closer everyday to understanding how we all got here. Keep up the good work my friend.
Really informative and well-done, many thanks.
I enjoyed a lot this research, your work is beautiful and considering I have no expertise in this field I understood everything. Thank You so much Mr Stefan Milo
Hugs from Costa Rica
Very educational video! Amazing! Thank you, Stefan! 😀
Packed with rich information, this is a wonderful video.
The information you provided was so fascinating I’m glued to the screen.
Thank you. I really appreciate and enjoy your videos.
Absolutely love every single video you make. I say it every time, but please keep it up Stefan!
Your videos keep getting better and better.
Oooooo you’re on nebula!!❤❤❤ followed and going to binge!
This is really high quality content. Thank you.
In Flores, when working in a University in Eastern Indonesia in the 1980's, I went to a museum in Maumare with examples of the "tiny people". So they were known before then. Local people talked about legends of these tiny people.
I wonder if stories about these tiny people have survived through oral tradition…I feel like if you found a skeleton of a small humanoid, you’d be trying to come up with answers.
I'm pretty sure there was a find done by Dutch colonial agents, before WW2 or even earlier. It somehow disappeared on transport to civilized areas for research (Flores is kind of out of the way, which helped Flores man survive). Was a radio documentary about it, some years back, in Dutch of course, so not known in the English world.
(Same goes for the famous flood that broke the Channel. French geologists had been publishing about it for over a decade before the first Brit found out, then _zzzoooommm_ it became world news.
I think it is unlikely that the oral traditions survived for so many thousands years, but not entirely impossible. Likelier is that someone found fossils earlier and assumed they were still around, unless they survived far longer then we think right now. We kinda need to find more evidence here, a single site is a bit vague to understand an entire species.
It do seems like their stone tools disappeared 50 000 years ago, at least to our current knowledge so they likely went extinct after that but we really need to dig more on the island.
@@loke6664 That's what I was implying in my comment, though. Finding the skeleton of a smaller human seems like something that would make it into local tradition, especially creation myths.
@@lindenshepherd6085 Sorry, I was kinda talking to Richard and agree with you.
Then again, modern humans had arrived at the island before 50 000 years ago so it isn't entirely impossible it somehow survived that long in a myth, just very unlikely.
Also, just because the last known tools are 50 000 years ago does not mean we yet found the oldest, they could theoretically survived a lot longer too (but hardly past pre history).
The longer the better. I really enjoy your content.
Excellent you providing highly credible information
I just wanted to say thank you for making such beautiful, engaging and fascinating videos. Getting better all the time!
Hello there
I share your enthusiasm for this subject so really appreciate your videos. The presentation, the detail, the depth and the research you do and effort you make. Bravo!
I love your video. I have been fascinated about Human Ancient history and was brought up in Kenya, and met Prof Louis Leakey as a child in Nairobi Zoo. My mother took us and I knew what she was planning. She had been reading books at home on the evolution of Humans, and in TIME-LIFE magazines which educated us children. I am now an old soul but I still follow the progress of Anthropologists like you. Thank you so much for posting your discoveries! Cynthia Allen-McLaglen
Interesting! Thanks for sharing!
One of my favorite videos you've done so far. I might even be convinced to get Nebula knowing you're on there now.
I really enjoy watching your videos everyday (even at work 😅). The way you teach and explain everything is enjoyable and not overwhelming. Thank you for all the videos and your time making them, always excited for the next video!
Thank you very much this was just fascinating. Your enthusiasm for the topic was obvious
Another wonderful video. Your channel and North 02 are my most favorite I will always know they will be excellent. Thank you
I love your channel. Just straight up Stefan Milo. Your titles describe what you will be talking about. Your videos are very well produced and it's clear you take great care in their production and your presentation. Thank you for doing what you do man.
I wonder if he has heard of graecopithicis, the oldest found hominid. No found in Africa, by the way, but rather, found in Greece.
@@georgekirby7150 What's the relevance of this comment?
@@JackHandy7385 it's relevant because when talking about human evolution and "out of Africa" he didn't mention it, because it calls that theory into question. You take him as an authoritative source but he presents handpicked information to push a narrative. Do you know what that is called? It's called propaganda...
@@georgekirby7150 You pick awfully strange hills to die on Mr. keyboard warrior. YES! STOP TALKING ABOUT HOW WERE AFRICAN IT WILL UPSET THE WHITE PEOPLE!
Been looking forward to this video since you put the preview out. Did not disappoint. Thank you!
Brilliant as always!
Great stuff Stefan, again.. You're a star mate.
A very interesting and informative video. Thanks Stephan
Thank you for another enjoyable video, Stefan! You deliver a lot of interesting information with a rare, but infectious passion.
Excellent video Stefan. After I found out about Sahelanthropus en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahelanthropus I got to thinking about whether they "talked"? Surely they made vocalizations and surely those vocalizations had meanings to other members of their tribe(s), and I got to to feeling "sentimental" in imagining their lives and feelings and thoughts, and I've been a little sad that VERY few people have the strong, vivid imagination AND the tender heart that lead to caring about such obscure ancient stories. But the last minute or so of your First-Leave-Africa video made me glad to feel that You have such imagination and care. Thanks! Matti
Your passion for your work really shines through ❤
Love your work and love the subject matter. Love this channel! This one was especially enjoyable to watch. The human story is enamoring and enigmatic and--however distantly--ultimately relatable, if we allow.
Great video, interesting to see how far back we can go with evidence concerning migration. Really nice job
The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥
It's all BS. Look up graecopithicis.
Stefan, I liked this a lot. I learned, loved the images, information, but loved your humor most of all. Seeing you grinning at the tooth section added a personal touch no other podcaster has achieved. I’ll be back, subscribed and “liked”. Thx, sir.
It is fascinating. ❤ Thank you sir! 😊
Love it when I get a notification that you've got a new video out!! This was awesome, and now I'm really excited for the upcoming Nebula vids 🤩
The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥
~0:32 Note that the Apidima Cave find isn't definitively a Homo sapiens - it's closer to H. sapiens proportions than to later Neanderthal proportions from the same area, but falls within the range of diversity for earlier Neanderthal remains from other parts of Europe. If anyone is interested in learning more about OOA 2 and the diffusion of modern H. sapiens across the globe, I have a video all about the topic on my channel called "Discovering the World".
The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥
@@VeganSemihCyprus33 this vegan molests puppies
Hello there miss would you like to be my friend
You know I have interest in this too
you just do amazing work! thank you
Truly a wonderful video, thank you for sharing this information and in quite a well done manner. I had always wanted to be an anthropologist
You’ve evolved from a really funny and smart guy making quirky videos to one of the most polished and informed video producers working in Anthropology. It’s been a joy to be along for the ride.
And congrats on the weight loss! It’s a bitch, innit?
Ah, you beat me to it.
He's really able to give us the skinny now!
Luv ya work.
The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥🔥🔥
Driven out by racism. South Saharan DNA doesn't show traces of this supposed differentiation. That means even the evolved babies were 'cleared'
This channel is riveting. Thank you for all this information, it makes us wonder where we've come from and where we're going. It seems that we have learned so much over the last two million years that has both aided us and inhibited us. You have to laugh. Going to look for your channel on Nebula.
Thanks for all the info. I like that you stick to the known evidence & that you don't make wild speculations as do many podcasters.
I will look for your history of the magic herb. I am vaping some "Maui Wowie" as I watch your video on this rainy Sunday morning in Central Kentucky(US).
You are doing excellent work through research, sheer hardwork and deep study. Highly appreciated 👍👍
Another absolute banger of a video
The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥
Great video. Thank you for all the research you do!
The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥
One of your best Presentations
Very nicely done documentary. Keep it up. 👍
Our little friend from Flores certainly threw a spanned in the works
I was there a few weeks ago and this video certainly has some interesting theories that have been on my mind lately
Your story telling is getting so much more professional
Well done
Have you heard of graecopithicis?
@@georgekirby7150 our 7.2 million year ago descendants where chimpanzees branched away?
I always liked the coastal migration theory, I'm not qualified in anyway just seems common sense, love your videos, thank you!
Me too.
Yes, makes sense, good sources of marine environment food along the way too, things that don't run away very fast, like mussels for example!! ;D LOL
Coastal routes should follow ice age sea levels - when vast areas of continental shelf were exposed ( and dominated by the newly evolved coconut trees in Asia- coconut trees are a pioneer species on exposed tropical coastlines as they tolerate salt spray and prefer high sunlight) . Along with coastal routes , migration to the interiors would happen along freshwater rivers ( teeming with fish , and providing safety from jungle predators, excepting crocodiles , but humans have been used to crocodiles from their birthplace in Africa). Whatever the immediate ancestor of coconut trees was - it was not a major species before the pliestocene glaciation exposed vast continental shelves due to fall in sea levels.
תודה!
Great video Stefan.
Hi Stefan, as always, thanks for a great vid. Could I add a few comments? When you speak about the significance of the individual who left us Cranium D344 and jaw D3900, initially I thought that you did not appreciate the full significance of this, assigning it as you did, as an example of cooperation, as in the individual is fed rather than eaten. In fairness though, towards the end of the video you begin to appreciate the significance when you speculate that someone must have really loved this individual. That an individual was nurtured and fed, for such a time that the jaw had absorbed the tooth holes, has an extraordinary significance in respect of these people, who may have been our forbearers. This has to be contrasted with our contemporary nomadic people who sometimes abandon their elderly during migrations. Yes, not only its immediate family supported this person, but also, presumable the tribe. Whilst the response of the immediate family are patently expressing love as we understand it, (in itself a phenomenal discovery as to our humanness as far ago in history as 1.8m years) the support of the wider tribe, which can be inferred from the fact that a single family could not possibly support a non-contributing individual, is that the tribe values this individual. The contribution of the aged individual is presumably only important if they can recall past history, experience, and the all important "corperate knowledge" and then communicate it to the following generations. Other research suggests a 35 year life span was the norm. Consequently, i suggest that the value of this individual to the tribe is only of benefit if they can communicate to tribe members beyond the family. And to do this, they would need to be able to converse. Is this circumstantial support for proto-human speech 1.8m years ago?
The wisdom of the elder is about safe foods, where to find water, how to read geographical landscapes and find safe food sources (yams fruits, leaves, roots). Elders are essential to survival.
You underestimate the accumulated knowledge of an elder.
@@kerrinorourke5914 they probably told some great stories too!! "Did I tell you about the time I escaped that leopard, man I thought I was a goner, and they can climb trees pretty damn quick too, so that wouldn't work, well, any way...... ! LOL ;D
perhaps the elder person pounded their food with a stone to break it down into small pieces to swallow ...
@@johndoe-vf4un Possible, but I can hardly imagine that resulting in a large enough net gain of calories to sustain them.
Finally a video dealing with the amazing Out of Africa 1 pioneers. Any ideas where the Red Deer Cave People might fit in to this scheme of things Stefan?
I believe a genetic paper came out recently stating that the Red Deer Cave people were the ancestors of Native Americans.
Answers the question in first 15 second, expands, tv quality production value, funny, great personality, no bs, to the point, good data and presentation, like and subscribed.
Such a interesting and entrtaining narrative! Super!
I liked the video. Hopefully new fossils can be found that shed more light on this topic.
I'm often curious why hominins spreading from Africa into Asia should be considered so extraordinary when mammals have been moving between continents for millions of years. Thanks for another great, Stefan! You never disappoint! 🙂
Usually animals move with their niche , like following the prey or in search for food due to lack of it in their habitat
I belive it's because some pepole see asian as wholly different from africans , so yeah it has to be pointed out that they are still humans
Who said it was extraordinary? Interesting, yes. Extraordinary? No.
@@dheemanth.l.bharadwaj6328 that’s more like moving to a new niche rather than moving with your niche. A great example is how the Polynesian peoples island hopped for millennia and ate out the available food supplies on each island as they went.
@@dheemanth.l.bharadwaj6328 Once your species is making tools and using fire, your niche is pretty much wherever you decide it is.
Very grateful for this incredibly intresting content on youtube.
Very interesting. Please keep it up. We are following.
Fascinating!
One of the best channels on TH-cam! Doesn't post regurarly and always top quality content with compelling stories that doesn't stray from the channel to "please" the algorithm. I recently purged many channels because they feel inauthentic and "samey" to cater to the TH-cam Gods for views and AdSense. I also fear the Patron system could force the channel to go in circles by patrons forcing the same topics because they think it's "funny". This channel does neither of these things, it's got integrity! Slow burner and yet it will burn on forever! Thank you for making these fantastic videos, wish you and your family all the best!
TH-camrs usually are working class people, just like you and me. I certainly do lots of things just to please my boss. The youtubers' boss is Google, and their orders are give through the algorithm. I try not to judge people for trying to make a living.
Thanks once more for sharing all this phantastic information with us, Stefan! Your channel is a treat.
I love your videos. You'r natural when you talk. And what is important for me you are using very simple english with slow tempo, so I can udnerstand you very well. Good job!
Great video, great presentation, wow just love this clip , its just fascinating
Great new video! I love all the work you do!
The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥
Yay new video!!!
Dude you rock thank you
Excellent video!
I love how Stefan shows (along with delivering the facts and beautiful storytelling) that the attributes we think makes our species unique, really just isn't exclusive to us. It's been a part of our evolutionary journey for millions of years and I think that's much more amazing to think about
Dominion (2018)
Agreed
Yes. Makes one proud and feel extremely privileged to be one little part of the beautiful story of life on this wonderful planet!!!
@@ronschlorff7089 get real with your world view, you can try and sugarcoat it all you want but it’s survival of the fittest, brutal and harsh.
@@wmduav explosion are beautiful to.
Survival of the fittest is still in progress but it's been accelerated by tool use
The survival bias is still in progress but hopefully eventually some living wage solutions might lessens that entrybarrier and the sustainability.
But will always exist it's human or as you said hardwired survival of the fittest. And that wiri g takes a lot more time than tool use
But not impossible, look at religion;)
God this is an incredible video! So interesting how one discovery can complete change the current understanding of our evolution. Every time I watch your videos it fills me with so much joy and gives me such an appreciation for the life we have
Research in Neanderthal and Denisovan DNA showed those things were 15-16ths human and 1-16th chimpanzee. The ape-men were not human ancestors. They were the result of human-ape hybridization. We can anticipate research into homo erectus DNA will verify this.
Haha you start your comment off with God but you don’t believe in God. Time for you to go to atheist jail.
God had nothing to go wit it, the video or the subject.
@@iambarks2814 I was using "God" as an expression, similar to "Gosh" or "Wow", which is typical where I'm from regardless of whether or not God as a deity or concept has anything to do with the subject. Just an expression
I'd like to first point out that i am an uneducated person who has had an anthropological interest since early childhood ,and through all that time the onLy one thing that intrigues me is mans evolution ,so lets get to my point ,,,,my point is there was never any evolutionary stepping from darwins theory ,the fact that during the life of darwin homo erectus was his stepping stone from apes to humans with an acceptable timeline ,yet since then more than six new dicoveries of man have been made and led to an extension of that timeline ,,,,next is intelligence, just because we as modern humans have had the benefit of thousands of years worth of learning we are no better than the ancient humans who got us here ,,,,,our journey of learning began ,with what we call simple design ,ie the wheel, fire ,hunting and gathering tools, then came farming and the domsetication of animals ,our journey also began with sea faring folk who (Polynesians) sailed the eaths oceans without compasses or maps only using the stars and knowledge of currents ,then after that we come to colonisation of lands,building houses and farming and in closing the only evolutionary process that i see as being tangible is our level of intellectual development ,however i really enjoyed this docco,,,,, thanks
I love the commitment you have to this history of our species. So fascinating! Long may you explore this!