It's funny about "never being able to observe something". When I was about 9 and really got interested in astronomy, my dad took an astronomy class at the local community college so he could answer questions (that's the kind of parents I had). I remember being about 11 and reading the textbook, and when discussing the possibility of planets orbiting other stars, Abell (the book's author) pointed out that we'd probably never be able to actually detect them, and would certainly never be able to image them. Hopefully, the "hairiness" of black holes is just something that's _currently_ impossible.
@@JosephHHHo As always I don't find the undefined (let's say untestable, in the spirit of the video) concept of "direct" illuminating, but FWIW astronomers have observed such planets by means they call "direct" (by reflected light). Wikipedia lists some 20 such observations.
I listen best/learn best when it's from someone who is very animated or excited. You are one of the best science communicators in the whole field, and your cheerful personality only improves it and is very contagious! (like laughter 😂) Love from Canada!
@flat earth Jackal On a flat map of the whole earth the other side is inside out, opposite sides of the equator is in the same direction and the black sky in the night is in the same place as the sunny sky in the day. That is what is false. Grow up and get an education, so you can understand and see the real earth instead of deny it blindly.
Have to admit, I only really understand about 60% of the science Dr Becky presents, but how can you not enjoy this stuff when it’s presented with such genuine enthusiasm. And, I go off to other presenters to find out more about the stuff I don’t understand so I’m actually learning something 😘
Phil I completely agree with you Dr. Becky is very interesting to listen to. She is on my bucket list as a person i with I could have time to take with her and ask a lot of questions. I am very glad to have found her videos.
I Got some stuff about what I presume may have been tesla's original design for a generator... the math is not wrong it's the veiw point and the way it's applied.......standing in and standing out at the same time ....skating figure of 8's ..instead of sliding ..... climbing once and falling twice ...2 feet in 1 shoe... Pinocchio...the ⏰ maker knows every body is his dummy.. because he made them work .... beyond the fact that they are broken of being ....so are they really real or just a plastic dummy...automata ..de re metallic ... free Mason's symbol... trinity torus tesla ...monopull time ..... force .....Contrasting and Comparing 🙄 ... there is a riddle in tongues 👅 hopfully the message has been Swung out to those of whom, who Stand to Catch it...and for those that don't quite get it.. may they find their Weigh to the Other Side.... as it means more to keep it... than it does to Throw it away...... but having more In Throw Aways .... means having more on the Outs... and more On the Outs ....means more Returns On The Low End... and more in the Stock Pile that hangs in keeps ..... more in Keeps means the more we can Throw Out.... Influx Net Capacity.... Static ...the sounds of the Ocean
For example: PBS Spacetime. Me being a science lover, I enjoy the videos a lot and all the information provided. But I usually only understand 15% of it. And then then next day, I completely forgot everything thus I’m watching so many different videos a day. My brain gets overwhelmed.
I am SO happy to have discovered your channel,recently. You very rarely hear anyone present anything Science,or,Astronomy related,with such an obvious enthusiasm for their topics, as yourself.It's terribly infectious,along with, being nicely informative. You do a wonderful job,whilst,obviously,enjoying yourself. Cheers,and,clear skies,Dr. Becky.
Thank you for explaining the JWST image and its radials. I hope I can recall all of that if someone asks. I have always been just a smidge dubious about Black Holes destroying all their "history". Hope you and your team begin to find some of the answer. Best of luck. It would be very exciting if you could!
You astronomers seem *SO* happy to be opening your gigantic Christmas present! And it seems it's even better than you expected. Such lovely enthusiasm.
I love how excited you get about astronomy and the study of Black holes. I think it shows everybody you are the right person for your job. And in a world where when you turn on the tv and see a bunch of politicians doing it wrong it’s very refreshing.
I also love your exuberance for astronomy and sciences IS infectious! Makes you great instructor/cheerleader; am very glad to have found you! Thank You Much
@@flatearthjackal9201 hmm, you have a playlist called "Flat Earth", with a bunch of flat earth conspiracy videos but with a "Big Booty Compilation #3" mixed in there.
Essentially, for most of the topics you address in your videos, I would expect them to be "well understood". The beauty, and great value of your gift to humanity, is helping those of us with no lack of interest while having a life path that left our knowledge in that domain deficient, to gain an incremental understanding, even up to the wonderful "ah ha" moments. Thank you !
We’ll this made my evening. I was all curled up under the Crawley sky trying to make sense of what I was seeing and up pops a Dr. Becky video on… the sky. What else? My evening is now complete. Your topical enthusiasm makes it impossible to not become enthused. Mission complete. Thank you. And if flat earth someone tells me to look up Nikon 900 something-or-other I’ll tell them to sod off.
It is refreshing to find a science educator who is both actively involved in cutting edge research and still able to make this complex science accessible to people like me.
A note on Hubble's 4-spike pattern. This is not due to the circular aperture as stated in the video, but rather it's due to the struts holding the secondary mirror.
A hairy black hole? You just won the best marketing on the internet! It wasn't what I was looking for but interesting anyway! (I love your work by the way!).
Thanks for the video Dr! One question: why does each individual spike divide into parallel fainter spikes. Almost like a 'spectrum'. You can see it clearly zooming in a little
Yeah, that's interesting. It looks like there are five separate spikes in each large spike. If you look at JWST, it has five rows/columns of mirrors next to each other in each symmetrical axis. Maybe these rows each create a spike at a slightly different point?
@@pkramer962 That's actually a good hypothesis. I thought it was somehow related to the segmentation of the primary mirror too, but couldn't find a good correlation. I asked a few knowledgeable people but none gave me a definitive answer, yours is the most plausible so far.
It's because the incoming light is also diffracting around each leg of the tripod that supports the secondary mirror. Think of the legs as reverse "slits". Just as a slit produces a distinctive array of increasingly faint lines parallel to the slit, so does each leg produce a similar pattern parallel to that leg. The details of the spacing of the lines is a bit different but it's the same principle- diffraction.
@@pkramer962 diffraction from each mirror edge, and from the tripod legs. The bottom tripod legs are lined up with the mirrors so you don’t see those, the top leg gives the smaller horizontal spikes
"The time has come," the Walrus said, "To talk of many things: Of stars, and Mars, and telescopes, Of carbages, and kings, And why black holes may have some hair, And whether they have rings."
You are amazing. I wish I could chat with you everyday! It must be wonderful to know you personally. Keep up the great work. You are so full of wonderous positive energy and inspiration!
Perhaps Dr Becky not unlike the detection of gravity waves a new form of detector using something other than photons may allow us to observe hairy black holes one day. Always love your regular Night Sky News. The excitement in your eyes is always contagious keep bring us more.
I am in Egypt and stargazing now is amazing. A couple of weeks ago it was hard because of the weather and there was a lot of clouds. Now it’s beginning to be better and in the sunmer it’s the best time.
21:00 I would say that the paradox is purely theoretical regardless. We haven't observed the presence of the information, but we haven't observed the lack of it either.
Isn't it possible to compensate the data from JWST for the diffraction artifacts, when it is so well known? If the physics is so well known, can't we apply matematics to remove the artifacts and show the "true" image without them?
Love they way you explaining things. Quick question...since the diffraction effects of JWST are very precisely understand, and seen, wouldn't it be possible to remove the very pretty Star pattern scattered around the image taken with post processing? Thankyou
she noted in a previous vid that for the actual target images those effects are small enough to ignore. It's only so obvious here because the star's so bright for the telescope.
the image is the modulus squared of the Fourier transform of the aperture....which is well understood, but once it gets squared, phase information is lost, and it cannot be inverted.
Partwise... You can't reconstruct what's obscured by the beams. The thing you can do is to basically simulate the telescope and feed that simulation with what you think the real image is and compare, what the simulation spits out with what you get from jwst...
Dr. Becky your black hole explanation just demonstrated why you more than deserve the award's you get. Superb observation skills combined with EXCESSIVE common sense. So great to see. I'm going to study up on singularity's. * and start reading your papers 🧐🤩
The suspension of ExoMars is disappointing but I am heartened by your reaction to this decision. My heart goes out to the scientists and engineers of all nations who have invested so much, but there's another launch window just two years away. ExoMars may not be central to your area of study but you certainly feel the impact of this decision on individuals much more keenly than I do so thank you for your words. I have to imagine that there might have been a time or two when Rosalind Franklin might have appreciated some expressions of solidarity.
Just the world's way of telling Putin that "This is NOT okay." I'm honestly impressed with the global level of solidarity. My mother's parents were children of Ukrainian immigrants to Canada in the earlier half of the 20th century. Diluted as my blood is, I still have a soft spot for the country.
@Sanjeev Sharma The African countries are mixed in approving or condemning Russia's actions, but they're not major players on the world stage. India is an interesting case in that they and the Soviet Union (now Russia) have been very buddy-buddy since 1947 in supporting each other by doing little more than looking the other way. China's support has been rather mixed. They can't seem to decide whether to help or not, and it may have something to do with how they perceive this kind of economic backlash to affect THEM if they proceed with their ambitions in the Pacific. China is even MORE reliant on global trade than Russia is, and while these kinds of sanctions would cause a recession in the western world, particularly North America, it would be catastrophic for China.
@Sanjeev Sharma Even China is on the fence, if you've been paying attention to the news. Given how cheaply made Chinese products are, I don't anticipate the PLA to fare much better than the Russian Army. They're going for quantity over quality.
@Sanjeev Sharma It's not "where is the market," but "where is the money?" Europe and America have gotten too used to goods being produced cheaply by underpaid workers in China. But we produced our own goods before the Chinese markets opened up in the early 90's, and it's time we did that again. As much as I despise Trump, he was correct that America needed to get off of it's dependency of foreign products. He was right for the wrong reasons, but you know what they say about broken clocks. Goods produced domestically and between European/American circles will mean raised prices, because our standards of living are higher, and workers get paid more (more than in China, anyways).
Thanks for the brilliant explanation on what "diffraction limited" means. I'm a keen amateur astronomer suffering from "aperture fever" but never quite understood why bigger scopes resolved more detail... Till now! Thank you so much.
Hey Becky, for your incredible work, your passion and your loving personality i would name not only a star but a whole universe with a beautiful black hole after you 😊
I'm wondering if astronomers already knew that these blobs on the Spitzer image were galaxies, or if you can only tell that they are galaxies now that JWST can resolve them much better.
We had a good idea they were galaxies due to their “colours” - the difference in brightness seen at different bands that filter to let in certain ranges of light.
If you enchange brightness and contrast (lighting it up) on the first web telescope picture you see mutch more galaxy's on it, there are also some round black spots to see, i dont know but i just want to say this.
They can be removed by a process called deconvolution but I don't know whether astronomers do this. The deconvolution increases the noise in other parts of the image which my be disadvantageous. Mostly astronomers don't look at pretty pictures! They tend to use instruments...
Main problem is that it has no landing system. That was being supplied by Russia. Spacex or ESA could launch it this year but would not make it to the surface
Preparing all the integration needed to launch on a new rocket takes many months. There would be not enough time to do that properly even if the decision to switch was made today. And still, without the lander the rocket choice is irrelevant anyway.
@@lukerobson3043 I, perhaps, did not phrase my question correctly: I am thinking about the NEXT launch window-this one is as good as passed. Now, I am not Elon Musk and I do not play him on TV, but I think that if I were SpaceX, I would really want to do a science mission to Mars in exchange for the data stream and findings of the probe. And, ArianeSpace is the European launch component, so they might be able to compete for the launch to Mars to help their own image as a viable launch system in the face of growing competition.
I bought a telescop this week and it arrived today, but sadly its cloudy, so I gotta wait a week now. (This is the first day it has been cloudy in the last month, so i am taking it very personal)
I love your enthusiasm, Doc. You have a truly unique accent, to my experience. It seems a combination of every possible English accent from the old empire, including a touch from the Americas.
Wouldn’t the information of what matter went into a black hole still be available if you somehow managed to survive going past the event horizon? It’s still there, the information is conserved just not available to us. Or am I missing something?
I was thinking the same, however, it's probably a language issue... So when Dr Becky says "all that information is lost" I assume (I'm an everyday Joe by the way so making ass-umptions) I think she means that the info is lost to us on the outside and can no longer be got at or measured in any way, not that the info is now obliterated from existence, I believe there are debates on how the info would survive in the black hole either crushed down to the singularity (if it has one) or smeared across the surface, but for all intents and purpose it is inaccessible... There is a further problem (again making another ass-umption) that is a black hole over time (if not fed) will shrink due to Hawking radiation so the argument goes if it shrinks back to nothing where did all the info go? Did it leak out with the radiation, so will radiation from a black hole feeding on rocky planets contain different elements from a black hole that feeds exclusively on stars for example, if so the info was preserved and we can all go to sleep happy... Or something like that...
But I, like you am confused as to why our ability to measure the info either from the observable edge as residue or from the radiation has any impact on our understanding of physics if everybody agrees that it is there then what's the big deal?
When black holes merge, the pictures I have seen show an intermediate stage where both event horizons overlap in a sort of bean shape. Is this not a "hairy" black hole? Since it is enclosed by a single event horizon, but you need more than mass, charge, spin to describe it
I never understood why do they assume that the black hole MUST be a perfect spherical shape. Yours is an extreme example when it is not perfect sphere, even if it is for a short period of time. But also whenever something falls into a black hole, because of time dilation, we see it “frozen” on the event horizon for a long time, and not perfectly merged. It is basically a more subtle version of the bean shape you described. And flying over the event horizon a gravitational detector could see the accumulation of more mass at that spot. So it is never perfect sphere, but app the recently “swallowed” objects can be detected in theory. It is only “hairless” in an idealized case, in the infinite future after it swallows something, not in reality. So far nobody could explain to me, why this is ignored, and why do they assume it is perfect sphere in practice.
@@juzoli I'm assuming I'm missing something here, because there are very smart people working on this, and I just have a mechanical engineer's understanding of physics. Like maybe the no hair theorem only applies given an eternal black hole or some other assumption used to make the GR calculations simpler. Or the images given to us are not quite accurate to the math, but more artistic.
@@mybuddyphil8719 Yeah, it sounds to be an idealized case coming from math. But this kind of gravitational hairs, the marks of object falling in, would change EVERYTHING, because it leaks information. And I understand if I just miss something, but nobody can point out what did I miss.
again like she said, "hair" is only a metaphor, and one that isn't actually referring to physical shape at all. The hair represents information. stubble being a tiny amount of info, the wool you get after sheering a sheep being a LOT of info.
I can't wait when the JWST will be at the tail end of your show. It would mean there are some even more exciting news on like a giant meteor on collision course or Dr. Becky got fellowship or the Nobel.
Hey Becky! Congratulations for your RAS Research Fellowship! Can you make a video on how researchers have to pitch their future researches in an academic institution. It will help a lot of scientists and aspiring scientists like me.
Does anyone know why exactly light "bleeds" from one pixel into neighboring ones if it is overexposed? Is it an optical phenomenon, or does the voltage leak from one capacitor into others nearby?
It is mostly an electronic effect in the detector. Photoelectrons accumulate in the bucket that is a pixel, when it is full it overflows into adjacent buckets... One of the key parameters of a detector is its full well capacity in electrons! CCDs and CMOS detectors are similar but different in this respect.
@@olencone4005 volcanos mostly accure at the weak points of the crust. At very least it's proof it had tectonic plates . And more recently a billion years ago
@@osmosisjones4912 Yeah, it's quite possible that Mars once had active plate tectonics, back when it was a young, warm, and wet world like Earth. There's a fair bit of observational evidence for thrust faults and slip faults, just as can be found on Earth -- we'll prolly need boots on the ground at these sites to truly verify or refute that tho. But as Mars cooled down, there wouldn't have been enough of a temperature gradient between the crust and the mantle for the plates to continue moving -- basically, the plates would have "stuck" to the mantle and become immobile. Think of it like ice in a glass of water -- at room temperature, the ice moves around, like tectonic plates on the mantle... but if you place that glass in the freezer, the surface water becomes ice as well and the ice cubes are locked in place. So, if plates existed, they don't anymore and probably wouldn't have for the better part of a billion years, possibly more. Mars cooled a long time ago -- that's why the magnetic field faded. Today, most of the quakes we detect on Mars have seismic patterns more like the quakes we detect on the Moon -- they have a longer reverberation within the planet, with patterns that indicates a deep, dry, and layered crust. In this sort of environment, it's not plates that create the quakes, it's compression -- as the planet cools, material contracts. This causes stress that eventually causes this or other nearby material to crack or crumble, creating a quake. Volcanism is VERY apparent on Mars, too. I mean, Olympus Mons is THE largest known volcano in the entire solar system! It's a shield volcano that arose from a fixed geological hot-spot, like Mauna Loa in Hawaii, and just continued to grow and grow as time passed. The entire Tharsis plateau region was created as a direct result of all this volcanic activity. And while there is no apparent surface volcanism today, some deeper internal volcanic activity has been detected on Mars, causing quakes of their own. It may be cool on the surface, but deep down it still has enough of a hothouse of roiling magma to keep things interesting!
Knowing the exact pattern that we get from the diffraction on Webb, could you calculate what a "corrected" image would look like by subtracting from it the diffraction pattern?
Ah, the star that has the cabbage in it! Love the bloopers! And of course your content, it is so amazing to see your enthusiasm - and how well you explain a lot of things, like the spikes in that JWST image.
@@TheDanEdwards - Your life will be a happier one if you smile kindly and walk away - the way to strengthen somebody's opinion is to try and change it. Just buy an EV, remember to vote and hopefully I'll see you on Mars
@@TheDanEdwards Most likely she's just a conspiracy theorist of the type the Russian disinformation campaign knows are gullible enough to fall for any claim that the "western media" is lying to us about Putin's inexcusable invasion.
@@JohnnyWednesday " the way to strengthen somebody's opinion is to try and change it." - I am under no delusion of being able to change MariaP's mind. Rather, I'd have her feel uncomfortable if only for a moment. And my comment was meant to be read by many, not just by her.
Also the other day a bill was passed in Hawaii that might have significant repercussions on the Mauna Kea observatories in the coming years, and might outright cancel the 30m telescope being constructed there.
Very good explanations here. I’m glad you sorted out the JWST image. I was beginning to wonder if the lens got fogged up. The image looks like glare on a car windshield. Thanks.
Dr Beeeeeccckky.... doesn't having different instruments look at different parts of the field of view give a lower resolution than using the entire field of view? isn't that like a few smaller telescopes or is it the amount of light the mirror collects that matters?
I recon we will never be able to look back to see the beginnings of the universe when matter was more closer together. Of course the universe has expanded so much now even for the James Webb honeycomb telescope to see all this. Love your videos.
I'd expect that the bleed in the calibration image is because the star is a bit too near/bright for Webb, and that the diffraction pattern can be removed once it's been equilibrated for all instruments?
The saturation was done to make the diffraction spikes as large and clear as possible, because they show how well the mirrors are aligned: phase errors show up as bright and dark spots in the diffraction spikes. It's possible to remove the spikes, at the cost of some of the contrast in the image.
Great video! It's sad to see all these brilliant minds of all these countries unable to work together at this moment. Hopefully we can all work together again sooner than later. Keep up the great work.
Either the people who built, launched and commissioned JWST did an extraordinarily, even unexpectedly mindblowingly excellent job, or the estimates were extremely conservative. Or perhaps both. Because not only did it use much less fuel than anticipated, it works as well as physically possible, and alignment/phasing went much quicker than expected. I'm blown away. we needed some piece of good news in these times.
Empowerment of women! It will raise any society, without fail. This young lady exemplifies, the beautiful nature of knowledge which is shared on the internet. Go Becky.
Hi Becky, Me Your subscriber from India, glad to be part of this channel, I share the same excitement you do for astronomy :D , i own a telescope but sky visibility sucks in the city i am presently in :( Hope to visit hometown soon, night sky is just perfect over there.
You are a joy to watch! Keep them coming. For clarification sake: what are your creds? And your specialty is black holes, or is it super large black holes? Thanks Again
@Dr. Becky , a quick question: Can these images not be corrected for the effects, to make these images not have the hexagonal plus two thing going on? Some computer being able to consolidate the light, so we don't have these extended rays? Our eyes do that naturally. If I squint, streetlights have rays, versus me opening my eyes wide, and the rays dissappear.
Amazing video dr.becky 🤩 what an explanation you have given about the JWST and the Research Paper!!!!!! And the best part is hearing all this stuff from an astrophysicist 🤘🤩. A big fan of you from India.
a quick question regarding JWST's field of view with detector positions diagram @12:00: why did not they "pack" more sensors or sensor areas into the field? Is it kind of waste of field of view with so much "empty" space where there are no sensors to "catch" the light?
Feels like what we are getting from the JWST at the moment is the soundcheck. Really looking forward to the gig!
exactly right
The audience has been cheering ever since the singer showed up on the stage. We've been lined up to get tickets for years now.
even the soundtrack alone would make a TopTen single.
I like this analogy
It's funny about "never being able to observe something". When I was about 9 and really got interested in astronomy, my dad took an astronomy class at the local community college so he could answer questions (that's the kind of parents I had). I remember being about 11 and reading the textbook, and when discussing the possibility of planets orbiting other stars, Abell (the book's author) pointed out that we'd probably never be able to actually detect them, and would certainly never be able to image them.
Hopefully, the "hairiness" of black holes is just something that's _currently_ impossible.
That's really awesome! 😊😊
Engineers are currently developing enabling technologies towards directly imaging an exoplanet.
@@JosephHHHo is it possible to use the heliosphere to thermal image the interior of the solar system?
@@JosephHHHo As always I don't find the undefined (let's say untestable, in the spirit of the video) concept of "direct" illuminating, but FWIW astronomers have observed such planets by means they call "direct" (by reflected light). Wikipedia lists some 20 such observations.
Same used to be said about gravitational waves.
I listen best/learn best when it's from someone who is very animated or excited. You are one of the best science communicators in the whole field, and your cheerful personality only improves it and is very contagious! (like laughter 😂)
Love from Canada!
Thanks 🤗
FAKE AF cgi nonsense 😒
@@DrBecky Super exciting indeed. I admire your enthusiasm. 🇨🇦❤️
One flat-earther detected in the comments!
@flat earth Jackal On a flat map of the whole earth the other side is inside out, opposite sides of the equator is in the same direction and the black sky in the night is in the same place as the sunny sky in the day. That is what is false. Grow up and get an education, so you can understand and see the real earth instead of deny it blindly.
Have to admit, I only really understand about 60% of the science Dr Becky presents, but how can you not enjoy this stuff when it’s presented with such genuine enthusiasm. And, I go off to other presenters to find out more about the stuff I don’t understand so I’m actually learning something 😘
Phil I completely agree with you Dr. Becky is very interesting to listen to. She is on my bucket list as a person i with I could have time to take with her and ask a lot of questions. I am very glad to have found her videos.
Her passion is infectious, I love how much she makes me love astronomy.
I Got some stuff about what I presume may have been tesla's original design for a generator... the math is not wrong it's the veiw point and the way it's applied.......standing in and standing out at the same time ....skating figure of 8's ..instead of sliding ..... climbing once and falling twice ...2 feet in 1 shoe... Pinocchio...the ⏰ maker knows every body is his dummy.. because he made them work .... beyond the fact that they are broken of being ....so are they really real or just a plastic dummy...automata ..de re metallic ... free Mason's symbol... trinity torus tesla ...monopull time ..... force .....Contrasting and Comparing 🙄 ... there is a riddle in tongues 👅 hopfully the message has been Swung out to those of whom, who Stand to Catch it...and for those that don't quite get it.. may they find their Weigh to the Other Side.... as it means more to keep it... than it does to Throw it away...... but having more In Throw Aways .... means having more on the Outs... and more On the Outs ....means more Returns On The Low End... and more in the Stock Pile that hangs in keeps ..... more in Keeps means the more we can Throw Out.... Influx Net Capacity.... Static ...the sounds of the Ocean
GAIN
For example: PBS Spacetime.
Me being a science lover, I enjoy the videos a lot and all the information provided. But I usually only understand 15% of it. And then then next day, I completely forgot everything thus I’m watching so many different videos a day. My brain gets overwhelmed.
I am SO happy to have discovered your channel,recently. You very rarely hear anyone present anything Science,or,Astronomy related,with such an obvious enthusiasm for their topics, as yourself.It's terribly infectious,along with, being nicely informative.
You do a wonderful job,whilst,obviously,enjoying yourself. Cheers,and,clear skies,Dr. Becky.
Thank you for this. Best explanation of resolution I have heard.
Thank you for explaining the JWST image and its radials. I hope I can recall all of that if someone asks.
I have always been just a smidge dubious about Black Holes destroying all their "history". Hope you and your team begin to find some of the answer. Best of luck. It would be very exciting if you could!
Image how much Galileo or Tyco would have wanted a JWST in their day!
(Yes, i understand why you are so excited Dr.B!)
You astronomers seem *SO* happy to be opening your gigantic Christmas present! And it seems it's even better than you expected. Such lovely enthusiasm.
I love how excited you get about astronomy and the study of Black holes. I think it shows everybody you are the right person for your job. And in a world where when you turn on the tv and see a bunch of politicians doing it wrong it’s very refreshing.
I also love your exuberance for astronomy and sciences IS infectious! Makes you great instructor/cheerleader; am very glad to have found you! Thank You Much
I really love your videos, they are simple and informative :)
Thanks! Glad you enjoy
I can clearly see this as the bs that it is.
@@flatearthjackal9201 hmm, you have a playlist called "Flat Earth", with a bunch of flat earth conspiracy videos but with a "Big Booty Compilation #3" mixed in there.
@@steveRoll595 probably thinks the bootie is flat too.
@@steveRoll595 I'm always looking for curvature 🤪🖕
Your channel was such a gem to stumble across.
Essentially, for most of the topics you address in your videos, I would expect them to be "well understood". The beauty, and great value of your gift to humanity, is helping those of us with no lack of interest while having a life path that left our knowledge in that domain deficient, to gain an incremental understanding, even up to the wonderful "ah ha" moments. Thank you !
Your enthusiasm for astronomy is contagious.
We’ll this made my evening. I was all curled up under the Crawley sky trying to make sense of what I was seeing and up pops a Dr. Becky video on… the sky. What else?
My evening is now complete. Your topical enthusiasm makes it impossible to not become enthused. Mission complete. Thank you.
And if flat earth someone tells me to look up Nikon 900 something-or-other I’ll tell them to sod off.
It is refreshing to find a science educator who is both actively involved in cutting edge research and still able to make this complex science accessible to people like me.
A note on Hubble's 4-spike pattern. This is not due to the circular aperture as stated in the video, but rather it's due to the struts holding the secondary mirror.
Good catch.
Congrats on the fellowship! Thanks for all the wonderful info. I see you are getting creative with your poses.
Always a highlight of the month to get night sky news 😊🌃
A hairy black hole? You just won the best marketing on the internet! It wasn't what I was looking for but interesting anyway! (I love your work by the way!).
I love the passion for Astronomy and Astrophysics! Well done Dr. Becky! (also love the green nail polish :-) )
Your the Best ! I find it amazing on how well your able to fit in so many properly pronounced words with clear comprehension in such short time.
Congratulations on your recent award - well deserved !
Really fantastic explanations. You make higher physics accessible to those less gifted among us. Thank you. Please keep it up.
Thanks for the video Dr! One question: why does each individual spike divide into parallel fainter spikes. Almost like a 'spectrum'. You can see it clearly zooming in a little
Yeah, that's interesting. It looks like there are five separate spikes in each large spike. If you look at JWST, it has five rows/columns of mirrors next to each other in each symmetrical axis. Maybe these rows each create a spike at a slightly different point?
@@pkramer962 That's actually a good hypothesis.
I thought it was somehow related to the segmentation of the primary mirror too, but couldn't find a good correlation.
I asked a few knowledgeable people but none gave me a definitive answer, yours is the most plausible so far.
It's because the incoming light is also diffracting around each leg of the tripod that supports the secondary mirror. Think of the legs as reverse "slits". Just as a slit produces a distinctive array of increasingly faint lines parallel to the slit, so does each leg produce a similar pattern parallel to that leg. The details of the spacing of the lines is a bit different but it's the same principle- diffraction.
@@pkramer962 diffraction from each mirror edge, and from the tripod legs. The bottom tripod legs are lined up with the mirrors so you don’t see those, the top leg gives the smaller horizontal spikes
I think you'll find that the spikes correspond to the 120° "corners" around the circumference of the mirror.
I look out for these videos every month for ideas on what to observe through my telescope, these videos are like opening a little gift each month!
It's a skywatcher 8 inch dobsonian for anyone interested!
"The time has come," the Walrus said,
"To talk of many things:
Of stars, and Mars, and telescopes,
Of carbages, and kings,
And why black holes may have some hair,
And whether they have rings."
Good *adapted" poetry for the moment.
You are amazing. I wish I could chat with you everyday! It must be wonderful to know you personally. Keep up the great work. You are so full of wonderous positive energy and inspiration!
Perhaps Dr Becky not unlike the detection of gravity waves a new form of detector using something other than photons may allow us to observe hairy black holes one day. Always love your regular Night Sky News. The excitement in your eyes is always contagious keep bring us more.
Hurry up and invent that graviton detector.
I am in Egypt and stargazing now is amazing. A couple of weeks ago it was hard because of the weather and there was a lot of clouds. Now it’s beginning to be better and in the sunmer it’s the best time.
21:00
I would say that the paradox is purely theoretical regardless. We haven't observed the presence of the information, but we haven't observed the lack of it either.
You're amazing Dr. Becky! Can't wait to see the first set of JWST images in July. Very exciting times.
Isn't it possible to compensate the data from JWST for the diffraction artifacts, when it is so well known? If the physics is so well known, can't we apply matematics to remove the artifacts and show the "true" image without them?
Nope - we’ll, we can ignore the spikes, but can’t see what’s behind them. Of course we won’t often be looking at anything this bright
I believe the process is called deconvolution.
@@JohnR31415 But shirley ... one could calculate the light of the spikes and remove that. Any extra light would be what was behind them?
@@I_Don_t_want_a_handle see her latest short - it’s possible, but usually throws away information. The diffraction limit is different.
This is so fantastic! Dr. Becky, I love your enthusiasm. It is contagious.
Love they way you explaining things. Quick question...since the diffraction effects of JWST are very precisely understand, and seen, wouldn't it be possible to remove the very pretty Star pattern scattered around the image taken with post processing? Thankyou
she noted in a previous vid that for the actual target images those effects are small enough to ignore. It's only so obvious here because the star's so bright for the telescope.
the image is the modulus squared of the Fourier transform of the aperture....which is well understood, but once it gets squared, phase information is lost, and it cannot be inverted.
Colour me corrected (partly) and see her short on the subjext
Partwise... You can't reconstruct what's obscured by the beams. The thing you can do is to basically simulate the telescope and feed that simulation with what you think the real image is and compare, what the simulation spits out with what you get from jwst...
Dr. Becky your black hole explanation just demonstrated why you more than deserve the award's you get.
Superb observation skills combined with
EXCESSIVE common sense. So great to see.
I'm going to study up on singularity's.
* and start reading your papers 🧐🤩
Used to run into hairy black holes frequently, last 20 years not so much.
Dr. Becky, you are an absolute treasure!!! We all love you!!!
The suspension of ExoMars is disappointing but I am heartened by your reaction to this decision. My heart goes out to the scientists and engineers of all nations who have invested so much, but there's another launch window just two years away. ExoMars may not be central to your area of study but you certainly feel the impact of this decision on individuals much more keenly than I do so thank you for your words. I have to imagine that there might have been a time or two when Rosalind Franklin might have appreciated some expressions of solidarity.
Just the world's way of telling Putin that "This is NOT okay." I'm honestly impressed with the global level of solidarity. My mother's parents were children of Ukrainian immigrants to Canada in the earlier half of the 20th century. Diluted as my blood is, I still have a soft spot for the country.
@Sanjeev Sharma The African countries are mixed in approving or condemning Russia's actions, but they're not major players on the world stage. India is an interesting case in that they and the Soviet Union (now Russia) have been very buddy-buddy since 1947 in supporting each other by doing little more than looking the other way. China's support has been rather mixed. They can't seem to decide whether to help or not, and it may have something to do with how they perceive this kind of economic backlash to affect THEM if they proceed with their ambitions in the Pacific. China is even MORE reliant on global trade than Russia is, and while these kinds of sanctions would cause a recession in the western world, particularly North America, it would be catastrophic for China.
@Sanjeev Sharma Even China is on the fence, if you've been paying attention to the news. Given how cheaply made Chinese products are, I don't anticipate the PLA to fare much better than the Russian Army. They're going for quantity over quality.
@Sanjeev Sharma We can do without. It would require time to adjust our industries to making shit for ourselves again, but we can do it.
@Sanjeev Sharma It's not "where is the market," but "where is the money?" Europe and America have gotten too used to goods being produced cheaply by underpaid workers in China. But we produced our own goods before the Chinese markets opened up in the early 90's, and it's time we did that again. As much as I despise Trump, he was correct that America needed to get off of it's dependency of foreign products. He was right for the wrong reasons, but you know what they say about broken clocks. Goods produced domestically and between European/American circles will mean raised prices, because our standards of living are higher, and workers get paid more (more than in China, anyways).
Thanks for the brilliant explanation on what "diffraction limited" means. I'm a keen amateur astronomer suffering from "aperture fever" but never quite understood why bigger scopes resolved more detail... Till now! Thank you so much.
Hey Becky, for your incredible work, your passion and your loving personality i would name not only a star but a whole universe with a beautiful black hole after you 😊
not creepy at all …. i would rename the universe …. Becky Universe
Nope I'm going with vary creepy.
@@cedricpod The beautiful black hole slayed me 🤣
JWST gives me goosebumps - I can't believe they "pulled the trigger", the courage! AND , it's working......soooooo well !!!!!
I'm wondering if astronomers already knew that these blobs on the Spitzer image were galaxies, or if you can only tell that they are galaxies now that JWST can resolve them much better.
We had a good idea they were galaxies due to their “colours” - the difference in brightness seen at different bands that filter to let in certain ranges of light.
I guess we never viewed that part of sky with hubble, tho :(
@@DrBecky Google Nikon p900 zoom on stars 🌟 🤩
@flat earth Jackal You must be joking.
@@flatearthjackal9201 you really really need help
If you enchange brightness and contrast (lighting it up) on the first web telescope picture you see mutch more galaxy's on it, there are also some round black spots to see, i dont know but i just want to say this.
Can the diffraction pattern be mathematically removed from the data, or is it not necessary?
They can be removed by a process called deconvolution but I don't know whether astronomers do this. The deconvolution increases the noise in other parts of the image which my be disadvantageous.
Mostly astronomers don't look at pretty pictures! They tend to use instruments...
Thanks Dr. Becky for your stream. Keep looking up👍 Martin
Question: Can ExoMars (or the EU portion of it) switch to either ArianeSpace or SpaceX? Would this be the next alternative?
Main problem is that it has no landing system. That was being supplied by Russia. Spacex or ESA could launch it this year but would not make it to the surface
Preparing all the integration needed to launch on a new rocket takes many months. There would be not enough time to do that properly even if the decision to switch was made today. And still, without the lander the rocket choice is irrelevant anyway.
@@lukerobson3043 I, perhaps, did not phrase my question correctly: I am thinking about the NEXT launch window-this one is as good as passed. Now, I am not Elon Musk and I do not play him on TV, but I think that if I were SpaceX, I would really want to do a science mission to Mars in exchange for the data stream and findings of the probe. And, ArianeSpace is the European launch component, so they might be able to compete for the launch to Mars to help their own image as a viable launch system in the face of growing competition.
I started reading your book yesterday and got halfway through it so far. I definitely want to get the audiobook at some point. 😌
I bought a telescop this week and it arrived today, but sadly its cloudy, so I gotta wait a week now. (This is the first day it has been cloudy in the last month, so i am taking it very personal)
Booo clouds! Sod’s law isn’t it. Hope they clear up for you soon
@@DrBecky OMG its clear now! 🤩
Not entirely, but its clear enough to see Orion
This cant be a coincidence! It just cant!
@@DrBecky what’s Sod’s law?
@@krishkabob9847 It's the UK version of Murphy's law: If it can go wrong, it will!
@@krishkabob9847 i think its like murphys law. But more of a bad luck charm.
Congratulations on your award. Getting funding is always good.
And all I can think of when discussing hairy black holes is Harrison Ford: "Laugh it up fuzzball."
Hello Dr Becky, so happy to get the astronomical news again. Did I miss your second Maldives video?
Just invented the Dr Becky dance - it basically involves bopping my head left and right whilst sipping tea
Love it
I love your enthusiasm, Doc. You have a truly unique accent, to my experience. It seems a combination of every possible English accent from the old empire, including a touch from the Americas.
Wouldn’t the information of what matter went into a black hole still be available if you somehow managed to survive going past the event horizon? It’s still there, the information is conserved just not available to us. Or am I missing something?
I was thinking the same, however, it's probably a language issue... So when Dr Becky says "all that information is lost" I assume (I'm an everyday Joe by the way so making ass-umptions) I think she means that the info is lost to us on the outside and can no longer be got at or measured in any way, not that the info is now obliterated from existence, I believe there are debates on how the info would survive in the black hole either crushed down to the singularity (if it has one) or smeared across the surface, but for all intents and purpose it is inaccessible... There is a further problem (again making another ass-umption) that is a black hole over time (if not fed) will shrink due to Hawking radiation so the argument goes if it shrinks back to nothing where did all the info go? Did it leak out with the radiation, so will radiation from a black hole feeding on rocky planets contain different elements from a black hole that feeds exclusively on stars for example, if so the info was preserved and we can all go to sleep happy... Or something like that...
Oh and i think that the "hair" (scientists should NOT be allowed to name stuff) is a residue left on the outside that we can measure
But I, like you am confused as to why our ability to measure the info either from the observable edge as residue or from the radiation has any impact on our understanding of physics if everybody agrees that it is there then what's the big deal?
Sorry just did a 360 on your comment, I should stop thinking out loud /:
I just received your book! Space 10 things you should know :) I am so excited to read it.
When black holes merge, the pictures I have seen show an intermediate stage where both event horizons overlap in a sort of bean shape. Is this not a "hairy" black hole? Since it is enclosed by a single event horizon, but you need more than mass, charge, spin to describe it
I never understood why do they assume that the black hole MUST be a perfect spherical shape.
Yours is an extreme example when it is not perfect sphere, even if it is for a short period of time.
But also whenever something falls into a black hole, because of time dilation, we see it “frozen” on the event horizon for a long time, and not perfectly merged. It is basically a more subtle version of the bean shape you described. And flying over the event horizon a gravitational detector could see the accumulation of more mass at that spot. So it is never perfect sphere, but app the recently “swallowed” objects can be detected in theory.
It is only “hairless” in an idealized case, in the infinite future after it swallows something, not in reality.
So far nobody could explain to me, why this is ignored, and why do they assume it is perfect sphere in practice.
@@juzoli I'm assuming I'm missing something here, because there are very smart people working on this, and I just have a mechanical engineer's understanding of physics.
Like maybe the no hair theorem only applies given an eternal black hole or some other assumption used to make the GR calculations simpler. Or the images given to us are not quite accurate to the math, but more artistic.
@@mybuddyphil8719 Yeah, it sounds to be an idealized case coming from math.
But this kind of gravitational hairs, the marks of object falling in, would change EVERYTHING, because it leaks information.
And I understand if I just miss something, but nobody can point out what did I miss.
again like she said, "hair" is only a metaphor, and one that isn't actually referring to physical shape at all. The hair represents information. stubble being a tiny amount of info, the wool you get after sheering a sheep being a LOT of info.
@@better.better This doesn’t contradicts nor supports anything we said in these comments.
We are very well aware what “hair” means.
Reminds me of those 90s laser pointers where you could change out the face and Shangri what the shape was at the end
I can't wait when the JWST will be at the tail end of your show. It would mean there are some even more exciting news on like a giant meteor on collision course or Dr. Becky got fellowship or the Nobel.
"got fellowship" -- I see what you did there :-)
Thanks Becky and congrats on your research grant into why black holes get so big. Hint, it's the dark matter.
Hey Becky! Congratulations for your RAS Research Fellowship! Can you make a video on how researchers have to pitch their future researches in an academic institution. It will help a lot of scientists and aspiring scientists like me.
I blushed for a second………
Does anyone know why exactly light "bleeds" from one pixel into neighboring ones if it is overexposed? Is it an optical phenomenon, or does the voltage leak from one capacitor into others nearby?
It is mostly an electronic effect in the detector. Photoelectrons accumulate in the bucket that is a pixel, when it is full it overflows into adjacent buckets... One of the key parameters of a detector is its full well capacity in electrons! CCDs and CMOS detectors are similar but different in this respect.
Hairy Black Holes took me somewhere totally different from astronomy
I thought she was talking about my neighbors ex for a minute! LOL.
One of the best News shows on TH-cam
If Mars has mars quacks then it still has tectonic plates
Martian quakes are caused by volcanic activity and the cracking/breaking of material inside Mars when it contracts as it cools.
@@olencone4005 volcanos mostly accure at the weak points of the crust.
At very least it's proof it had tectonic plates . And more recently a billion years ago
@@osmosisjones4912 Yeah, it's quite possible that Mars once had active plate tectonics, back when it was a young, warm, and wet world like Earth. There's a fair bit of observational evidence for thrust faults and slip faults, just as can be found on Earth -- we'll prolly need boots on the ground at these sites to truly verify or refute that tho.
But as Mars cooled down, there wouldn't have been enough of a temperature gradient between the crust and the mantle for the plates to continue moving -- basically, the plates would have "stuck" to the mantle and become immobile.
Think of it like ice in a glass of water -- at room temperature, the ice moves around, like tectonic plates on the mantle... but if you place that glass in the freezer, the surface water becomes ice as well and the ice cubes are locked in place.
So, if plates existed, they don't anymore and probably wouldn't have for the better part of a billion years, possibly more. Mars cooled a long time ago -- that's why the magnetic field faded.
Today, most of the quakes we detect on Mars have seismic patterns more like the quakes we detect on the Moon -- they have a longer reverberation within the planet, with patterns that indicates a deep, dry, and layered crust. In this sort of environment, it's not plates that create the quakes, it's compression -- as the planet cools, material contracts. This causes stress that eventually causes this or other nearby material to crack or crumble, creating a quake.
Volcanism is VERY apparent on Mars, too. I mean, Olympus Mons is THE largest known volcano in the entire solar system! It's a shield volcano that arose from a fixed geological hot-spot, like Mauna Loa in Hawaii, and just continued to grow and grow as time passed. The entire Tharsis plateau region was created as a direct result of all this volcanic activity. And while there is no apparent surface volcanism today, some deeper internal volcanic activity has been detected on Mars, causing quakes of their own. It may be cool on the surface, but deep down it still has enough of a hothouse of roiling magma to keep things interesting!
Knowing the exact pattern that we get from the diffraction on Webb, could you calculate what a "corrected" image would look like by subtracting from it the diffraction pattern?
Literally the exact same question I wanted to ask. 🙂
Wait… Wut? I thought this was a family channel.
File it under "things that sound dirty but aren't". ;-)
Yeah. I had a “Oh WHAT” moment too.
10:26
*lenny face* /s
Ah, the star that has the cabbage in it! Love the bloopers! And of course your content, it is so amazing to see your enthusiasm - and how well you explain a lot of things, like the spikes in that JWST image.
First! Oh, wait. Damn.
I love it when you chuck some math in. Simply beautiful!
Keep away from the politics, things are not as they seem.
"Keep away from the politics, things are not as they seem." - to what are you referring?
@@TheDanEdwards - Your life will be a happier one if you smile kindly and walk away - the way to strengthen somebody's opinion is to try and change it. Just buy an EV, remember to vote and hopefully I'll see you on Mars
@@TheDanEdwards Most likely she's just a conspiracy theorist of the type the Russian disinformation campaign knows are gullible enough to fall for any claim that the "western media" is lying to us about Putin's inexcusable invasion.
@@JohnnyWednesday " the way to strengthen somebody's opinion is to try and change it." - I am under no delusion of being able to change MariaP's mind. Rather, I'd have her feel uncomfortable if only for a moment. And my comment was meant to be read by many, not just by her.
yeah, that was disappointing to hear.
Also the other day a bill was passed in Hawaii that might have significant repercussions on the Mauna Kea observatories in the coming years, and might outright cancel the 30m telescope being constructed there.
You are so excited about your subject!
Loving the 'conservation of Knowledge' reference.
Very good explanations here. I’m glad you sorted out the JWST image. I was beginning to wonder if the lens got fogged up. The image looks like glare on a car windshield. Thanks.
Dr Beeeeeccckky.... doesn't having different instruments look at different parts of the field of view give a lower resolution than using the entire field of view? isn't that like a few smaller telescopes or is it the amount of light the mirror collects that matters?
I recon we will never be able to look back to see the beginnings of the universe when matter was more closer together. Of course the universe has expanded so much now even for the James Webb honeycomb telescope to see all this. Love your videos.
Great episode. But it will take me more than a week to digest all these papers. Life is hard 😊.
I'd expect that the bleed in the calibration image is because the star is a bit too near/bright for Webb, and that the diffraction pattern can be removed once it's been equilibrated for all instruments?
The saturation was done to make the diffraction spikes as large and clear as possible, because they show how well the mirrors are aligned: phase errors show up as bright and dark spots in the diffraction spikes. It's possible to remove the spikes, at the cost of some of the contrast in the image.
Great video! It's sad to see all these brilliant minds of all these countries unable to work together at this moment. Hopefully we can all work together again sooner than later. Keep up the great work.
Great update! Happy Spring Equinox :)
I love your work Dr. Becky! I have to question the logo for NAM 2022...it looks like a Canada Goose posing as a Swan, lol
Either the people who built, launched and commissioned JWST did an extraordinarily, even unexpectedly mindblowingly excellent job, or the estimates were extremely conservative. Or perhaps both. Because not only did it use much less fuel than anticipated, it works as well as physically possible, and alignment/phasing went much quicker than expected. I'm blown away. we needed some piece of good news in these times.
Empowerment of women! It will raise any society, without fail. This young lady exemplifies, the beautiful nature of knowledge which is shared on the internet. Go Becky.
Hi Becky,
Me Your subscriber from India, glad to be part of this channel, I share the same excitement you do for astronomy :D , i own a telescope but sky visibility sucks in the city i am presently in :(
Hope to visit hometown soon, night sky is just perfect over there.
Is it possible though, to remove the spikes from the image taken ?
You are a joy to watch! Keep them coming. For clarification sake: what are your creds? And your specialty is black holes, or is it super large black holes?
Thanks Again
Hey Becky, can the spikes on the image be used to our benefit? It looks as though the spectrum I more "spread out" along the spikes?
Your excitement is beautiful
And your explanation is very beautiful 😊
Thanks 👍
@Dr. Becky , a quick question: Can these images not be corrected for the effects, to make these images not have the hexagonal plus two thing going on? Some computer being able to consolidate the light, so we don't have these extended rays? Our eyes do that naturally. If I squint, streetlights have rays, versus me opening my eyes wide, and the rays dissappear.
Hi Dr Becky, has the JWST got an auto guider onboard? Does it intersect via prism or does it us a mirror segment or is it on chip?
Amazing video dr.becky 🤩 what an explanation you have given about the JWST and the Research Paper!!!!!! And the best part is hearing all this stuff from an astrophysicist 🤘🤩. A big fan of you from India.
Does anyone know the exposure details (primarily time) of the test image? I have looked and have had no luck finding it.
The video mentions some of the information. Agrees it would be nice to have a smidge more information.
2100 seconds
@@JohnR31415 I don't disbelieve you but can you point to a source?
@@JohnR31415 Nevermind. Once I added 2100 to a search it became much easier to find sources even if I would classify none of them as canonical.
Is there a way to mathematically correct for the optical spiking effects?
Thank you for this great video.
I always get in a good mood hearing your bright enthusiasm! Keep it up Dr Becky!
It's going to be amazing to see planets reflecting light while they travel around the star.
a quick question regarding JWST's field of view with detector positions diagram @12:00: why did not they "pack" more sensors or sensor areas into the field? Is it kind of waste of field of view with so much "empty" space where there are no sensors to "catch" the light?
Is there any possibility of processing the images with a deconvolution to clear up the spikes?
The comparison picture, "WOW, just WOW!!!"
So will the images be post processed to remove the artifacts from the mirror design?