Thank you for the video. I am a complete rookie trying to build a 20 LED voltage meter for my leisure batteries in my camper. I was recommended to use a vref in the design with two LM3914 drivers and a digital amp. Since the voltage I will be monitoring is from 10.5 - 14.5V, would a series reference be a better option and does it matter what size I use?
Atoms are neutral because they consist of an equal number of positive (protons) and negative (electrons) particles but that is not the end of the description. In addition, the following are inherent in neutral atoms: The fields due to the protons and electrons always exist, penetrating everything, but they cancel each other so well that there is hardly a net electric field around the atom! When electrons are separated from nuclei of a stable neutral atom the strength of the electric field around the atom grows which disturbs 'neutrality'. A conductor or any substance made from neutral atoms we can say is neutral when there is no significant field surrounding it. All locations at infinity, in all directions from the substance, are at the same potential namely “zero" and maybe considered as a 'reference'. A neutral piece of wire with its millions and millions of neutral atoms is good enough to be labelled as a ‘reference’ and also as ‘0’ volts. It maybe called "circuit zero" or "ground" as is done in electric circuits. What is fascinating about an atom is how it remains “neutral” despite it being a collection of sources of powerful electric and magnetic fields. The electrons at very high speeds orbit the central core (in the classical view) so perfectly balanced that the “net” electric field is very close to zero outside the atom. Because of this astounding assembly of sub-atomic particles….for all time…..the e-field never becomes significantly non-zero even for the tiniest fraction of time…..the cancellation of the fields outside is ever so precise. If it were not so, we would be living in a “shocking” world ! and..... …you would be shocked by anything you touch ! But what happens if there is some excess charge deposited on the substance? It is charged and it has a potential. Since charge cannot be destroyed the only way we can make the potential of the substance nearly 'zero' is to connect the substance via a thin conducting wire to a large conductive sphere. The charge will then spread out over that large sphere and make the potential of the substance nearly zero. That conductive sphere maybe conveniently the earth! And thus emerged the idea of 'earthing'. When the charge migrates to the large sphere there is a current.We note we are observing phenomenon related to both electrostatics and circuits. Electrostatics and circuits belong to one science, not two. These are discussed usually separately in textbooks and science and engineering courses. For too long has circuit theory been confined to analysis using math and has been depriving practitioners of the richness in its physical aspects. Watch the two videos listed below to learn about current and the conduction process and surface charges using a unified approach to electrostatics and circuits at a fundamental level. The last frame of video #1 lists articles and textbooks which discuss all these topics in more detail. 1. th-cam.com/video/TTtt28b1dYo/w-d-xo.html 2. th-cam.com/video/8BQM_xw2Rfo/w-d-xo.html It is not possible in this comment to fiscuss the idea of neutral and earth in detail. The textbook 4 in the last frame References in video 1 above discusses neutrality in current carrying conductors, "circuit zero" or "ground" and "earth" comprehensively.
Great introduction into voltage references. Thank you !
Thank you for the video. I am a complete rookie trying to build a 20 LED voltage meter for my leisure batteries in my camper. I was recommended to use a vref in the design with two LM3914 drivers and a digital amp. Since the voltage I will be monitoring is from 10.5 - 14.5V, would a series reference be a better option and does it matter what size I use?
Atoms are neutral because they consist of an equal number of positive (protons) and negative (electrons) particles but
that is not the end of the description. In addition, the following are inherent in neutral atoms:
The fields due to the protons and electrons always exist, penetrating everything, but they cancel each other so well that there is hardly a net electric field around the atom!
When electrons are separated from nuclei of a stable neutral atom the strength of the electric field around the atom grows which disturbs 'neutrality'.
A conductor or any substance made from neutral atoms we can say is neutral when there is no significant field
surrounding it.
All locations at infinity, in all directions from the substance, are at the same potential namely “zero" and maybe
considered as a 'reference'.
A neutral piece of wire with its millions and millions of neutral atoms is good enough to be labelled as
a ‘reference’ and also as ‘0’ volts. It maybe called "circuit zero" or "ground" as is done in electric circuits.
What is fascinating about an atom is how it remains “neutral” despite it being a collection of sources of powerful
electric and magnetic fields. The electrons at very high speeds orbit the central core (in the classical view) so perfectly balanced that the “net” electric field is very close to zero outside the atom.
Because of this astounding assembly of sub-atomic particles….for all time…..the e-field never becomes significantly
non-zero even for the tiniest fraction of time…..the cancellation of the fields outside is ever so precise.
If it were not so, we would be living in a “shocking” world ! and.....
…you would be shocked by anything you touch !
But what happens if there is some excess charge deposited on the substance? It is charged and it has a potential.
Since charge cannot be destroyed the only way we can make the potential of the substance nearly 'zero' is to connect the substance via a thin conducting wire to a large conductive sphere. The charge will then spread out over that large sphere and make the potential of the substance nearly zero. That conductive sphere maybe conveniently the earth! And thus emerged the idea of 'earthing'.
When the charge migrates to the large sphere there is a current.We note we are observing phenomenon related to both
electrostatics and circuits.
Electrostatics and circuits belong to one science, not two. These are discussed usually separately in textbooks and
science and engineering courses. For too long has circuit theory been confined to analysis using math and has been depriving practitioners of the richness in its physical aspects.
Watch the two videos listed below to learn about current and the conduction process and surface charges
using a unified approach to electrostatics and circuits at a fundamental level.
The last frame of video #1 lists articles and textbooks which discuss all these topics in more detail.
1. th-cam.com/video/TTtt28b1dYo/w-d-xo.html
2. th-cam.com/video/8BQM_xw2Rfo/w-d-xo.html
It is not possible in this comment to fiscuss the idea of neutral and earth in detail.
The textbook 4 in the last frame References in video 1 above discusses neutrality in current carrying conductors,
"circuit zero" or "ground" and "earth" comprehensively.
I appreciate you taking time for posting this comment 🤝🏻
Thank you Jose, for your insights 😂
Thank You