So many views, so lil subs. I just don't get it. It appears to me, that you put in the effort of a full time job. Gotta give you props on the quality of your vids. And respect, and thanks for the work you put in. So thank you.
Excellent video! One slight glitch though, 13:18 Galileo did not orbit Jupiter for 14 years but its total mission was 14 years. I hope I live long enough to see the submarine under the ice of Europa...
I'm so happy to have come across your channel. The level of detail and the high calibre of research is perfect. I've loved Barnard's Star, Planet 9 quest videos, and now this. Can't wait to watch more and await new ones.
I've been fascinated by Europa since I first red about it in 2010. Thanks to the Cassini probe I now have the same fascination for Enceladus. Your video is one of the best and the most complete that I've seen on the subject. Your channel is great and I think it deserves more attention. Thanks a lot for the efforts
As usual you've done a fantastic job with your productions. You have the enviable ability to impart scientific information to your audience that is easily understandable and entertaining. Keep going and produce more content and I will be watching.
You mention the tidal distortion of Io and Europa. 100m and 30m. I'd love to learn more about the tidal forces on the Gallilean moons. Can you direct me to where you found those numbers please. I must say I love your work. The historical backgrounds. The pace. Almost everything.
Great video. I especially liked the analogy between the gravity of Jupiter and its affects upon its moons and the sun’s light with respect to the planets.
Love your channel. It is fascinating, helps me learn about creativity of God, and provides as fuel for the imagination of my own fantasy world. Many months ago I watched your video of Barnard's Star and I loved it, but I did not think to subscribe and I lost your channel when I yearned for it months later. Glad I found it again, and this time subscribed. God bless.
Awesome video as always. Maybe I'll finally be able to remember the Galilean Moons now. Amazing work :3 I linked it to the _17776_ fan community because you mentioned the Pioneer project and JUICE, so maybe that'll get you a few more fans.
Love your work. Btw the diver probe has been kicked forward, one of my tutors recently consulted on a remote dna analysis module for it, which has just succeeded tests in deep ocean tests.
1) Frankly I am baffled as to why there is no mention of Patreon in your truly amazing productions, as I would glady contribute 2) I am very worried about having anything from the only known biosphere, e.g this (yep, maybe back in the day stuff from the Earth and Mars went to and from) going to somewhere like Europa - and let's not forget Enceladus around Saturn...maybe it'd be more ethical to just do an Operation Starshot toward the alpha centauri trinary system, or have the James Webb telescope and other projects get a good chance to get some decent data from the atmospheres of extrasolar planets. I am also very happy about the possibility of a planet in the habitable zone of a red dwarf star having a magnetic field that depends only upon convection rather than the planet's rate of rotation. Anyway...I just want you to know that this channel is utterly amazing.
just making my way through your opus......very erudite.....lush.....they are to my beloved space as roberto calasso is to my ancient greek love....for gods sake keep going
@ParallaxNick: Correct me if I'm wrong; but, I know you've used this song on other videos... I don't know why, but, I just couldn't remember the name of the song or the artist; maybe it was `brain-fart`... My bad. Thank you!
I have to point out that Venus having phases does NOT prove it orbits the Sun, it only proves that the light illuminating Venus comes from the Sun. Phases are merely the result of the angle between the light source, the object being illuminated, and the viewer's position in space -- and that would be the case regardless of whether Venus orbited the Sun or orbited the Earth. Venus' orbit around the Sun was actually proven by correlating its phases with the size of its disk, which demonstrates that Venus must be closer to the Sun than Earth is _at all times,_ which would not be possible if it orbited the Earth.
Beautiful videos, . Could one skate on Europa's surface? Probably not I guess with exposure to radiation and rough surface at scale... But water blocks cosmic rays ,so below the ice the warm water would be navigable by submarines.
Neptune and Pluto will certainly be in this series, though not in the next episode, or, sad to say, the one after that. Maybe the one after that though.
Okay so the pro Burns through kilometers of solid ice it explores the ocean below how does it transmit that information back to Earth does it have to burn back through kilometers of ice to get to the surface?
@@jayvandevender6290 My guess is that it has a transmitter on the surface connected by wire (or by light) to a receiver at the base of the hole, which the probe then transmits back to.
it would have made for one hell of an observation if Europa had been in transit and alignment with the shoemaker - levy comet an been impacted . (although) I wouldn't have wished such devastation on europa's life forms . but still
The gravitational pull from the moon on the earth is tiny at 0.4 µm/s² and in no way can raise bodies of water against the gravitational pull of the earth, a good job really as your tea would raise out of the cup as the moon passed over head, taking a bath at full moon would be fun as well. Plus the suns gravitational pull is 4 times stronger so if tides were the result of gravitational pull then the suns effect would be 4 times greater. The tides are a result of the difference in tidal acceleration across the diameter of the planet, since we are relatively close to the moon this tidal difference is enough to cause tides on the planet. The effect of this difference in tidal acceleration results in a net force at the poles that push the oceans and so we get a bulge at the equator (hence no tides on lakes). The additional effects on the oceans, up to 62 different oscillations are taken into account on some tidal prediction machines. Tides are not just confined to the oceans we also get a tide in the crust and mantle of the earth and this is up to 50cm in height at the equator.
I would just like to point out here that the Europa Clipper has an estimated cost of 4.2 billion USD. The proposed wall between the USA and Mexico that three straight presidents of the USA have been touting has a projected cost of 21.6 billion USD. I would mention that we have invented both artillery, explosives, flight, large ships and various implements for digging in recent centuries that make walls rather redundant as a defensive measure, but will instead question our priorities as a species in a more general sense. Is keeping two groups of human beings separate, even if a wall could do somehow that, five times more important than exploring other worlds? Really?!? I wish this was the only example of our warped priorities I could think of...
If there is no life on Europa, then we should plant it there. Earth life needs a new foot hold outside our own planet. I believe Earth life needs to spread throughout our solar system (at the least). It at least deserves to be spread elsewhere.
It is not obvious that "complex life requires oxygen". Maybe instead "anaerobic life does not NEED to be complex" -- on Earth. But the earliest photosynthetic organisms were anaerobic, and if the atmosphere did not have oxygen, maybe trees would have arisen all the same, out of competition for sunlight. The oxygen atmosphere also made it possible for some organisms to obtain their energy by "burning" other living organisms; and later they became complex in order to counteract the defenses that their prey evolved. It is not obvious that predators need oxygen in order to be energetically viable; they may exploit other chemical reactions. Many substances release lots of energy by reacting with water, for example.
Have you done a video about subterranean chemosynthetic life? Apparently it's everywhere on / in Earth. It occurs to me that Earth life may have had its origin there, away from surface conditions. If so, then life might originate on any planet, moon or asteroid large enough to retain heat enough to have liquid water anywhere INSIDE it, rather than on the surface. In which case the goldilocks zone would extend everywhere, even to intergalactic rogue planets.
Why do people think life needs oxygen? Why do people assume life needs the exact combination of chemicals as on earth? I shake my head at this repetition. Life out there might thrive in a lake of boiling sulfur that rains radioactive chlorine for example. Think about it. Thanks.
Life could subsist on many alternative forms of biochemistry; it's simply that the biochemistry we use also happens to employ the commonest elements in existence. It's kinda like, if we lived on a desert world, people saying that it would be possible to make men out of snow instead of sand. Sure you could, but why would you want to when sand is available?
So sad geopolitics pushed the Russians to rush their drilling of Lake Vostok and contaminate the 15 million year old water samples. I'd love to know if there are any other ancient lakes like Vostok that are being researched.
For the whole life needing Oxygen to get more complex is kinda wrong life needs a Oxidizing agent, as long as there are viable chemicals to allow for the exchange of protons and electrons(ie Oxygen and Phosphorylation with complex life on earth) life could form don't think to earth centric we have know really clue to what other Chemicals under different conditions my form. I for one can not wait to find out what lies under the ice of Europa and hope that I get to find out in my life time
$2 mill on a probe to Europa and endless billions for wars and bank bailouts. If anyone decides to study this time period after we're all gone, to discover why our alleged civilization disappeared, this might serve as part of the explanation. Mindless greed and cruelty rules. Curiosity isn't profitable enough, so we can't be arsed with important things like exploration.
Your channel is great, literally every video is worth multiple plays.
This is extremely well done.. Production value, editing and narrator are top shelf.
So many views, so lil subs. I just don't get it. It appears to me, that you put in the effort of a full time job. Gotta give you props on the quality of your vids. And respect, and thanks for the work you put in.
So thank you.
The level of quality in content and presentation on this channel... is truly extraordinary.
Fantastic work.
Thanks! Your channel is pretty cool too.
Watched this several times. It never gets old.
Sound is much better now. Thanks for addressing the clipping that was in the earlier videos. Keep up the good work. This channel is a hidden gem.
Greetings from Sweden.
Awesome channel!
Keep up your great work!
Thanks again for the effort you put in your vids, I'm really enjoying them.
Excellent video! One slight glitch though, 13:18 Galileo did not orbit Jupiter for 14 years but its total mission was 14 years.
I hope I live long enough to see the submarine under the ice of Europa...
I pray I'm alive as well
Came across this channel completely by accident. Subbed in the first few minutes of this video. Thanks so much for the excellent presentation.
Just wanted to tell you that I think these videos are very well done. Thank-you for the content.
Easily better than anything public television produces.
I'm so happy to have come across your channel. The level of detail and the high calibre of research is perfect. I've loved Barnard's Star, Planet 9 quest videos, and now this. Can't wait to watch more and await new ones.
This channel deserves more views and Likes. A real treasure trove.
I've been fascinated by Europa since I first red about it in 2010. Thanks to the Cassini probe I now have the same fascination for Enceladus.
Your video is one of the best and the most complete that I've seen on the subject. Your channel is great and I think it deserves more attention.
Thanks a lot for the efforts
10/10, super high quality content, please keep it up its massively appreciated.
This two part Europa video is excellent and had to take a lot of work and study to put this information together. Thank you sir!
Thanks I ENJOYED THAT V MUTCH..
I appreciated the quarter-second clip from Europa Report
As usual you've done a fantastic job with your productions. You have the enviable ability to impart scientific information to your audience that is easily understandable and entertaining. Keep going and produce more content and I will be watching.
Very interesting and well put together. I really enjoyed it and it has captivated my interest. And so well researched
Time to binge watch.
I just looked up the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer and almost cried. Current launch date is expected in 2023. 7-8 years transit. ETA 2031.
Great channel. Thank you for creating such thoughtful content.
You mention the tidal distortion of Io and Europa. 100m and 30m. I'd love to learn more about the tidal forces on the Gallilean moons. Can you direct me to where you found those numbers please.
I must say I love your work. The historical backgrounds. The pace. Almost everything.
Great video. I especially liked the analogy between the gravity of Jupiter and its affects upon its moons and the sun’s light with respect to the planets.
You're a very competent narrator and enjoyable to listen to.
This was very interesting and well put together!
Criminally underrated channel
Outstanding Narration. Found myself just gazing at the Video. LoL
Same dude
Very interesting. Thank you.
Your videos and commentary are just the best.
Thanks for another great lecture it's nice to see presentation based on science and not speculation.
Europa clipper launched this morning
Great vid. Loved it !
Such a great Video !!! Thanks for all the information :)
Love your channel. It is fascinating, helps me learn about creativity of God, and provides as fuel for the imagination of my own fantasy world. Many months ago I watched your video of Barnard's Star and I loved it, but I did not think to subscribe and I lost your channel when I yearned for it months later. Glad I found it again, and this time subscribed. God bless.
Awesome video as always. Maybe I'll finally be able to remember the Galilean Moons now. Amazing work :3 I linked it to the _17776_ fan community because you mentioned the Pioneer project and JUICE, so maybe that'll get you a few more fans.
Thank you! :-)
Gravitational goldilocks zone. What a gorgeous concept.
I'm really enjoying your videos...so glad I found your channel! Just subscribed. Now, onto Saturn ;)
Love your work. Btw the diver probe has been kicked forward, one of my tutors recently consulted on a remote dna analysis module for it, which has just succeeded tests in deep ocean tests.
That's really cool to hear!
1.8k Subs, keep it going !
Did anyone else catch that IO looks like it could use a course of penicillin......humm.....is it IO or HO?
6:45
1) Frankly I am baffled as to why there is no mention of Patreon in your truly amazing productions, as I would glady contribute 2) I am very worried about having anything from the only known biosphere, e.g this (yep, maybe back in the day stuff from the Earth and Mars went to and from) going to somewhere like Europa - and let's not forget Enceladus around Saturn...maybe it'd be more ethical to just do an Operation Starshot toward the alpha centauri trinary system, or have the James Webb telescope and other projects get a good chance to get some decent data from the atmospheres of extrasolar planets. I am also very happy about the possibility of a planet in the habitable zone of a red dwarf star having a magnetic field that depends only upon convection rather than the planet's rate of rotation. Anyway...I just want you to know that this channel is utterly amazing.
Great video .
18:14 Rewatching in 2024. Oof. I'd actually forgotten Clipper was originally supposed to be there now!
Really good video. Nice format and well presented. You have a new subscriber!
thanks! So do you! :-)
Parallaxicality aww shucks! My channel is undergoing renovations at the moment, but new stuff is coming..probably astrobiological in nature :)
Subscribed.
fascinating place europa..nice to see a real science site like this instead of the usual nutball/ufo crap
excellent
15:27 HUH whaaaattt!?????
How...that's fascinating!!
Good job!
How would you feel about working together with John Michael Godier?
If we could find a project that worked for both of us, I'd love to!
just making my way through your opus......very erudite.....lush.....they are to my beloved space as roberto calasso is to my ancient greek love....for gods sake keep going
the credit music reminds me of old PBS specials
love this shit. love seeing things explained in graphs...
The song that runs during the credits: What is the name of that song?
"Airglow" by Stellardrone
@ParallaxNick: Correct me if I'm wrong; but, I know you've used this song on other videos... I don't know why, but, I just couldn't remember the name of the song or the artist; maybe it was `brain-fart`...
My bad. Thank you!
Excellent! (um . . . 'leashy?' LOL)
I have to point out that Venus having phases does NOT prove it orbits the Sun, it only proves that the light illuminating Venus comes from the Sun. Phases are merely the result of the angle between the light source, the object being illuminated, and the viewer's position in space -- and that would be the case regardless of whether Venus orbited the Sun or orbited the Earth. Venus' orbit around the Sun was actually proven by correlating its phases with the size of its disk, which demonstrates that Venus must be closer to the Sun than Earth is _at all times,_ which would not be possible if it orbited the Earth.
The whole 'gravitational slingshot' thing don't wash.
To turn a corner in space!?
Yes sirree!
Because there are no spheres, the earth is flat, and everyring revolves arou nd the earth??? smh.
ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS - EXCEPT EUROPA. ATTEMPT NO LANDINGS THERE.
USE THEM TOGETHER. USE THEM IN PEACE.
And Enceladus
Beautiful videos, . Could one skate on Europa's surface? Probably not I guess with exposure to radiation and rough surface at scale... But water blocks cosmic rays ,so below the ice the warm water would be navigable by submarines.
I think it would be similar to trying to skate on rock.
Did you say 2 million dollars for a Jupiter probe mission..??
It's 2:23 a.m. I'm bored and can't sleep let's see what this videos about
can you talk about Neptune Or Pluto Next Please? Its My One And Only Dream!
Neptune and Pluto will certainly be in this series, though not in the next episode, or, sad to say, the one after that. Maybe the one after that though.
Ok, Thank You For Your Response.
We will get Cliper and Juce on the task this decade
Okay so the pro Burns through kilometers of solid ice it explores the ocean below how does it transmit that information back to Earth does it have to burn back through kilometers of ice to get to the surface?
Probe duh
@@jayvandevender6290 My guess is that it has a transmitter on the surface connected by wire (or by light) to a receiver at the base of the hole, which the probe then transmits back to.
No limit to what we might find...organism 46b jumps out of the frothy brine of yonder moons ocean.
it would have made for one hell of an observation if Europa had been in transit and alignment with the shoemaker - levy comet an been impacted . (although) I wouldn't have wished such devastation on europa's life forms . but still
The gravitational pull from the moon on the earth is tiny at 0.4 µm/s² and in no way can raise bodies of water against the gravitational pull of the earth, a good job really as your tea would raise out of the cup as the moon passed over head, taking a bath at full moon would be fun as well. Plus the suns gravitational pull is 4 times stronger so if tides were the result of gravitational pull then the suns effect would be 4 times greater.
The tides are a result of the difference in tidal acceleration across the diameter of the planet, since we are relatively close to the moon this tidal difference is enough to cause tides on the planet. The effect of this difference in tidal acceleration results in a net force at the poles that push the oceans and so we get a bulge at the equator (hence no tides on lakes). The additional effects on the oceans, up to 62 different oscillations are taken into account on some tidal prediction machines.
Tides are not just confined to the oceans we also get a tide in the crust and mantle of the earth and this is up to 50cm in height at the equator.
Who does thumbs down on these?
I would just like to point out here that the Europa Clipper has an estimated cost of 4.2 billion USD. The proposed wall between the USA and Mexico that three straight presidents of the USA have been touting has a projected cost of 21.6 billion USD. I would mention that we have invented both artillery, explosives, flight, large ships and various implements for digging in recent centuries that make walls rather redundant as a defensive measure, but will instead question our priorities as a species in a more general sense.
Is keeping two groups of human beings separate, even if a wall could do somehow that, five times more important than exploring other worlds? Really?!? I wish this was the only example of our warped priorities I could think of...
Humans seem to be equally clever as we are absurd.
If there is no life on Europa, then we should plant it there. Earth life needs a new foot hold outside our own planet. I believe Earth life needs to spread throughout our solar system (at the least). It at least deserves to be spread elsewhere.
7:35 You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it means.
It is not obvious that "complex life requires oxygen". Maybe instead "anaerobic life does not NEED to be complex" -- on Earth. But the earliest photosynthetic organisms were anaerobic, and if the atmosphere did not have oxygen, maybe trees would have arisen all the same, out of competition for sunlight.
The oxygen atmosphere also made it possible for some organisms to obtain their energy by "burning" other living organisms; and later they became complex in order to counteract the defenses that their prey evolved. It is not obvious that predators need oxygen in order to be energetically viable; they may exploit other chemical reactions. Many substances release lots of energy by reacting with water, for example.
Well, it seems Europa Clipper and JUICE has switched places. Not to be too unexpected, let’s be honest.
There is a novel called V that has aliens invading Earth for its water.
Is it just me or is there a hint of orson Wells in his voice or perhaps the brain 🧠 from pinky and the brain 😂
I missed when EU probe is supposed to reach Europa.
Interesting
Sorry, but the music is also dope.
planet 9 from outer space sounds like an old space movie until +you get a mirr eor and a flash light pull down your pants and see your Uranus's!
Have you done a video about subterranean chemosynthetic life?
Apparently it's everywhere on / in Earth.
It occurs to me that Earth life may have had its origin there, away from surface conditions. If so, then life might originate on any planet, moon or asteroid large enough to retain heat enough to have liquid water anywhere INSIDE it, rather than on the surface. In which case the goldilocks zone would extend everywhere, even to intergalactic rogue planets.
cooool man
Collab with SEA!
Very unclear if this image of Europa ocean our our own terrestrial ocean ?????
Why do people think life needs oxygen? Why do people assume life needs the exact combination of chemicals as on earth? I shake my head at this repetition. Life out there might thrive in a lake of boiling sulfur that rains radioactive chlorine for example. Think about it. Thanks.
Life could subsist on many alternative forms of biochemistry; it's simply that the biochemistry we use also happens to employ the commonest elements in existence. It's kinda like, if we lived on a desert world, people saying that it would be possible to make men out of snow instead of sand. Sure you could, but why would you want to when sand is available?
Because it’s way harder to make a sandman ;P you should switch the example to a snow world instead of a desert one.
watched
THERE NO POSSIBILITY FOR HUMAN LIFE ON THIS MOONS
So sad geopolitics pushed the Russians to rush their drilling of Lake Vostok and contaminate the 15 million year old water samples. I'd love to know if there are any other ancient lakes like Vostok that are being researched.
For the whole life needing Oxygen to get more complex is kinda wrong life needs a Oxidizing agent, as long as there are viable chemicals to allow for the exchange of protons and electrons(ie Oxygen and Phosphorylation with complex life on earth) life could form don't think to earth centric we have know really clue to what other Chemicals under different conditions my form. I for one can not wait to find out what lies under the ice of Europa and hope that I get to find out in my life time
It has been shown that Io's volcanism is a function of electrical discharge between Io and Jupiter not tidal forces.
References?
$2 mill on a probe to Europa and endless billions for wars and bank bailouts. If anyone decides to study this time period after we're all gone, to discover why our alleged civilization disappeared, this might serve as part of the explanation. Mindless greed and cruelty rules. Curiosity isn't profitable enough, so we can't be arsed with important things like exploration.
it is very cold moon artificial sun could worm this planets moons
It had 99 comments.
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