Class 12th - Reverse Biasing of P-N Junction | Semiconductors | Tutorials Point
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 ก.ค. 2024
- Reverse Biasing of P-N Junction
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Lecture By: Mr. Pradeep Kshetrapal, Tutorials Point India Private Limited.
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u too have same topics
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thank u sir, u solved my problem about the reverse current due to minority charge carriers.
What is special about a reverse bias?
Diodes are used in situations where we desire current in one direction and not in the reverse direction.
We sometimes hear a plumber say a valve is "leaky" and while he may fix it by replacing a washer with almost no leakage, things are not so easy with a diode. It is an unavoidable property and we have to devise ways ways to work around the leakage current of a diode.
The reverse saturation current Io as a matter of fact, tells us the amount of current in a forward bias!
The current expression for a diode gives the total current through the diode for either a forward or a reverse bias. For a reverse bias, the only current is a "drift" current, Io. If you examine the total current you may note that Io depends on the concentration of minority holes(electrons) in the n(p) side. That explains the tininess of its magnitude.
The barrier width grows only ever so slightly and is sufficient to drop the large reverse bias voltage! Don't visualize all the mobile holes in the bulk neutral p-region vanished into the negative supply terminal!
Also, dont visualize all the mobile electrons in the bulk neutral n-type region vanished into the positive supply terminal!
And the reverse current is there until breakdown occurs on increasing the reverse bias. But who supplies the mobile holes and electrons to maintain the reverse current in a reverse bias? Learn more from the references below.
What is a pn junction ?
A pn junction allows current in one direction only. It blocks current in the reverse direction.
When a pn junction is formed, a potential barrier designated Vo comes into existence and is typically around 0.6 to 0.7 volts for silicon junctions.
When the barrier whose Vo is 0.7 volts is disturbed by applying a forward bias of say, 0.6 volts, the current increases and the increase becomes steep for small increments of the forward bias value a little greater than 0.68 volts. Large currents are observed when the forward bias is 0.69 volts which is closer to the barrier voltage of 0.7 volts.
The forward bias can never exceed the potential barrier voltage nor can it bring the barrier down to zero volts. That is the reason you seldom see current vs volt graphs of pn junction diodes beyond a volt or so.
How does the bias remain less than the barrier in an operational diode?
The voltage bias applied drops in the bulk neutral regions of the diode.
The current in a forward bias adjusts to fulfill the conservation of current law and the rate of recombination.
A detailed description of the pn junction with a distinct approach using surface charges, alignment of Fermi levels, creation of the barrier, the distinct processes of diffusion, drift, recombination and the influence of the electric field on the energies of electrons is provided in the following textbooks.
Electrostatics and circuits belong to one science and not two, that of electricity and magnetism. To know how they are unified visit this link
matterandinteractions.org/articles-talks/ and view the article 'A unified treatment of electrostatics and circuits. B. Sherwood and R. Chabay, unpublished. (1999)'
pdf.
For a live demonstration of surface charge and its effects in circuits visit
th-cam.com/video/U7RLg-691eQ/w-d-xo.html
For a detailed discussion of surface charge, coulomb's law, electric fields, fields of dipoles and other charge configurations, and parallel plates, and a distinct approach using the surface charge concept in the study of advanced topics of capacitance, currents, conservation of charge, conservation of current, superposition of fields, superposition of potential, simple dc circuit, magnetic fields, magnetic fields of a current element, straight wire, current loop, solenoids, biot-savart law, voltage, voltage source, difference between e.m.f. and potential difference, ideal voltage sources, resistors, how current branches in a parallel circuit, capacitors, inductors, Faraday's law, inductance, ac circuits, transmission lines, Lorentz Force law, motors, generators, p-n junction diodes, electromagnetic waves, antennas and radiation, new electrodynamic theories on the nature of the electric field, see "Electric and Magnetic Interactions" by Chabay and Sherwood
www.matterandinteractions.org
or
Fundamentals of electric theory and circuits by Sridhar Chitta
www.wileyindia.com/fundamentals-of-electric-theory-and-circuits.html
There is a "look inside" feature in the amazon.com webpage of the book "Fundamentals of electric theory and circuits" by Sridhar Chitta with a few pages of Chapter 1 which may be viewed and also which you may swipe left or press < icon to view the foreword, preface and Table of Contents. The contents of the above book by Sridhar Chitta, make a distinct unified approach to electrostatics and a few advanced circuits like coupling signals to amplifiers, lending precision and clarity to the topics which is not found in most text books.
The book comes alongwith a CD with animated power point presentations for all chapters and voltage regulator, RC phase shift oscillators and differential amplifiers included additionally.
For a lecture by Prof Ruth Chabay on surface charge in a simple dc circuit visit
th-cam.com/video/-7W294N_Hkk/w-d-xo.html
There is a full set of lectures beginning lecture 13 here on surface charges, electric fields, simple circuits, capacitance, inductance, faraday's law, motional emf, magnetic forces and more topics here
matterandinteractions.org/videos/EM.html
When you notice his tye
*tie
Thanks sir
Thnks sir
sir is there a forward current in the forward biasing setup
Thank u
Wow 👌
Tq sir
Nice
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nice
Super
Supeb😘😘😘😘😘❤️
Why we plot graph in 3 quoter in reverse biasing
Just as for a standard plot of function in a xy coordinate system, here Current through the on junction is being plotted as a function of applied external potential.
In reverse bias we are applying a negative voltage. The forward bias situation is for the positive potential application.
In forward bias we get a large current in the direction of applied potential. This direction of application of potential is taken as positive and hence the obtained current is positive. The corresponding I V curve is in 1at quadrant.
For reverse bias the direction of application of potential is negative. The obtained current is very little but in the direction of the applied voltage which is in negative direction. Hence the graph is obtained in 3rd quadrant.
Can u explain wide band gap GaN
Sir one sir say that applied potential and electric field are in reverse direction but u say both are same direction in reverse direction .please sir confusion clear kr da
Why does no current flows through a diode in Reverse bias mode?
Because major carriers can't flow that is why
What is special about a reverse bias?
Diodes are used in situations where we desire current in one direction and not in the reverse direction.
We sometimes hear a plumber say a valve is "leaky" and while he may fix it by replacing a washer with almost no leakage, things are not so easy with a diode. It is an unavoidable property and we have to devise ways ways to work around the leakage current of a diode.
The reverse saturation current Io as a matter of fact, tells us the amount of current in a forward bias!
The current expression for a diode gives the total current through the diode for either a forward or a reverse bias. For a reverse bias, the only current is a "drift" current, Io. If you examine the total current you may note that Io depends on the concentration of minority holes(electrons) in the n(p) side. That explains the tininess of its magnitude.
The barrier width grows only ever so slightly and is sufficient to drop the large reverse bias voltage! Don't visualize all the mobile holes in the bulk neutral p-region vanished into the negative supply terminal!
Also, dont visualize all the mobile electrons in the bulk neutral n-type region vanished into the positive supply terminal!
And the reverse current is there until breakdown occurs on increasing the reverse bias. But who supplies the mobile holes and electrons to maintain the reverse current in a reverse bias? Learn more from the references below.
What is a pn junction ?
A pn junction allows current in one direction only. It blocks current in the reverse direction.
When a pn junction is formed, a potential barrier designated Vo comes into existence and is typically around 0.6 to 0.7 volts for silicon junctions.
When the barrier whose Vo is 0.7 volts is disturbed by applying a forward bias of say, 0.6 volts, the current increases and the increase becomes steep for small increments of the forward bias value a little greater than 0.68 volts. Large currents are observed when the forward bias is 0.69 volts which is closer to the barrier voltage of 0.7 volts.
The forward bias can never exceed the potential barrier voltage nor can it bring the barrier down to zero volts. That is the reason you seldom see current vs volt graphs of pn junction diodes beyond a volt or so.
How does the bias remain less than the barrier in an operational diode?
The voltage bias applied drops in the bulk neutral regions of the diode.
The current in a forward bias adjusts to fulfill the conservation of current law and the rate of recombination.
A detailed description of the pn junction with a distinct approach using surface charges, alignment of Fermi levels, creation of the barrier, the distinct processes of diffusion, drift, recombination and the influence of the electric field on the energies of electrons is provided in the following textbooks.
Electrostatics and circuits belong to one science and not two, that of electricity and magnetism. To know how they are unified visit this link
matterandinteractions.org/articles-talks/ and view the article 'A unified treatment of electrostatics and circuits. B. Sherwood and R. Chabay, unpublished. (1999)'
pdf.
For a live demonstration of surface charge and its effects in circuits visit
th-cam.com/video/U7RLg-691eQ/w-d-xo.html
For a detailed discussion of surface charge, coulomb's law, electric fields, fields of dipoles and other charge configurations, and parallel plates, and a distinct approach using the surface charge concept in the study of advanced topics of capacitance, currents, conservation of charge, conservation of current, superposition of fields, superposition of potential, simple dc circuit, magnetic fields, magnetic fields of a current element, straight wire, current loop, solenoids, biot-savart law, voltage, voltage source, difference between e.m.f. and potential difference, ideal voltage sources, resistors, how current branches in a parallel circuit, capacitors, inductors, Faraday's law, inductance, ac circuits, transmission lines, Lorentz Force law, motors, generators, p-n junction diodes, electromagnetic waves, antennas and radiation, new electrodynamic theories on the nature of the electric field, see "Electric and Magnetic Interactions" by Chabay and Sherwood
www.matterandinteractions.org
or
Fundamentals of electric theory and circuits by Sridhar Chitta
www.wileyindia.com/fundamentals-of-electric-theory-and-circuits.html
There is a "look inside" feature in the amazon.com webpage of the book "Fundamentals of electric theory and circuits" by Sridhar Chitta with a few pages of Chapter 1 which may be viewed and also which you may swipe left or press < icon to view the foreword, preface and Table of Contents. The contents of the above book by Sridhar Chitta, make a distinct unified approach to electrostatics and a few advanced circuits like coupling signals to amplifiers, lending precision and clarity to the topics which is not found in most text books.
The book comes alongwith a CD with animated power point presentations for all chapters and voltage regulator, RC phase shift oscillators and differential amplifiers included additionally.
For a lecture by Prof Ruth Chabay on surface charge in a simple dc circuit visit
th-cam.com/video/-7W294N_Hkk/w-d-xo.html
There is a full set of lectures beginning lecture 13 here on surface charges, electric fields, simple circuits, capacitance, inductance, faraday's law, motional emf, magnetic forces and more topics here
matterandinteractions.org/videos/EM.html
There is no current by majority charge carriers because they get dragged to the opposite potential of the battery
7:00 Reverse current
Excellent work
How can we say n region has more potential than p region
Due to diffusion the electrons from n side move to p side which creates +ve vacancies in the n side and hence n side gets positive polarity and that same goes for p side and p side gets electrons so it has -ve polarity
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How The minority charge on p side moves through the wide depletion region?
due to potential difference
Minority charge carriers on p side are electrons.so,electrons can move from lower potential to higher potential and also holes(Minority charge carriers )on n side can move higher potential to lower potential..so it will move and current flows..
@@anwithadevansh108 thank you
@@anwithadevansh108 ..really thnk u ..soo helpfull
@@anwithadevansh108 What is special about a reverse bias?
Diodes are used in situations where we desire current in one direction and not in the reverse direction.
We sometimes hear a plumber say a valve is "leaky" and while he may fix it by replacing a washer with almost no leakage, things are not so easy with a diode. It is an unavoidable property and we have to devise ways ways to work around the leakage current of a diode.
The reverse saturation current Io as a matter of fact, tells us the amount of current in a forward bias!
The current expression for a diode gives the total current through the diode for either a forward or a reverse bias. For a reverse bias, the only current is a "drift" current, Io. If you examine the total current you may note that Io depends on the concentration of minority holes(electrons) in the n(p) side. That explains the tininess of its magnitude.
The barrier width grows only ever so slightly and is sufficient to drop the large reverse bias voltage! Don't visualize all the mobile holes in the bulk neutral p-region vanished into the negative supply terminal!
Also, dont visualize all the mobile electrons in the bulk neutral n-type region vanished into the positive supply terminal!
And the reverse current is there until breakdown occurs on increasing the reverse bias. But who supplies the mobile holes and electrons to maintain the reverse current in a reverse bias? Learn more from the references below.
What is a pn junction ?
A pn junction allows current in one direction only. It blocks current in the reverse direction.
When a pn junction is formed, a potential barrier designated Vo comes into existence and is typically around 0.6 to 0.7 volts for silicon junctions.
When the barrier whose Vo is 0.7 volts is disturbed by applying a forward bias of say, 0.6 volts, the current increases and the increase becomes steep for small increments of the forward bias value a little greater than 0.68 volts. Large currents are observed when the forward bias is 0.69 volts which is closer to the barrier voltage of 0.7 volts.
The forward bias can never exceed the potential barrier voltage nor can it bring the barrier down to zero volts. That is the reason you seldom see current vs volt graphs of pn junction diodes beyond a volt or so.
How does the bias remain less than the barrier in an operational diode?
The voltage bias applied drops in the bulk neutral regions of the diode.
The current in a forward bias adjusts to fulfill the conservation of current law and the rate of recombination.
A detailed description of the pn junction with a distinct approach using surface charges, alignment of Fermi levels, creation of the barrier, the distinct processes of diffusion, drift, recombination and the influence of the electric field on the energies of electrons is provided in the following textbooks.
Electrostatics and circuits belong to one science and not two, that of electricity and magnetism. To know how they are unified visit this link
matterandinteractions.org/articles-talks/ and view the article 'A unified treatment of electrostatics and circuits. B. Sherwood and R. Chabay, unpublished. (1999)'
pdf.
For a live demonstration of surface charge and its effects in circuits visit
th-cam.com/video/U7RLg-691eQ/w-d-xo.html
For a detailed discussion of surface charge, coulomb's law, electric fields, fields of dipoles and other charge configurations, and parallel plates, and a distinct approach using the surface charge concept in the study of advanced topics of capacitance, currents, conservation of charge, conservation of current, superposition of fields, superposition of potential, simple dc circuit, magnetic fields, magnetic fields of a current element, straight wire, current loop, solenoids, biot-savart law, voltage, voltage source, difference between e.m.f. and potential difference, ideal voltage sources, resistors, how current branches in a parallel circuit, capacitors, inductors, Faraday's law, inductance, ac circuits, transmission lines, Lorentz Force law, motors, generators, p-n junction diodes, electromagnetic waves, antennas and radiation, new electrodynamic theories on the nature of the electric field, see "Electric and Magnetic Interactions" by Chabay and Sherwood
www.matterandinteractions.org
or
Fundamentals of electric theory and circuits by Sridhar Chitta
www.wileyindia.com/fundamentals-of-electric-theory-and-circuits.html
There is a "look inside" feature in the amazon.com webpage of the book "Fundamentals of electric theory and circuits" by Sridhar Chitta with a few pages of Chapter 1 which may be viewed and also which you may swipe left or press < icon to view the foreword, preface and Table of Contents. The contents of the above book by Sridhar Chitta, make a distinct unified approach to electrostatics and a few advanced circuits like coupling signals to amplifiers, lending precision and clarity to the topics which is not found in most text books.
The book comes alongwith a CD with animated power point presentations for all chapters and voltage regulator, RC phase shift oscillators and differential amplifiers included additionally.
For a lecture by Prof Ruth Chabay on surface charge in a simple dc circuit visit
th-cam.com/video/-7W294N_Hkk/w-d-xo.html
There is a full set of lectures beginning lecture 13 here on surface charges, electric fields, simple circuits, capacitance, inductance, faraday's law, motional emf, magnetic forces and more topics here
matterandinteractions.org/videos/EM.html
Sir I pray to Krsna may I follow your teaching.
At 7:00 , main concept of reverse biasing starts.
Rest in peace
Peace
RIP SIR
please some one explain me I am in big confusion ,Their is a theory that direction of current is opposite to direction of electron and if we apply that the whole concept won't work .
thank you so much sirrrr