The Geologic Oddity in Washington; The World's Longest Andesite Lava Flow
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 29 มิ.ย. 2024
- Lava flows generally do not travel very far from a volcano. On rare occasions, a basaltic lava flow like those seen in Hawaii might stretch for 10 or 15 miles from an erupting vent. However, these vast distances are typically not obtained by more silica rich lava flows which have a viscosity similar to Molasses. Yet, in the recent geologic history of Washington State, two lava flows from the Goat Rocks wilderness area broke this rule. One of these lava flows was 46 miles or 74 kilometers long, representing the world's longest viscous lava flow. What I am referring to are the Tieton Andesite Flows.
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Graphics of eruption dates are courtesy of the Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institute. volcano.si.edu/
Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google
Photo Credit: Coombs, M. L., Alaska Volcano Observatory / U.S. Geological Survey, avo.alaska.edu/images/image.p...
0:00 Laki Fissure Eruption
0:37 Speed of a Lava Flow
1:14 Tieton Andesite Flows
1:50 Goat Rocks Geology
2:56 1st Andesite Flow
4:01 2nd Andesite Flow
Citations:
wa100.dnr.wa.gov/south-cascad...
gsa.confex.com/gsa/2016AM/web...
www.geology.cwu.edu/discovery...
• Ancient Cascades Volca...
CC BY 2.0 license: creativecommons.org/licenses/...
CC BY 4.0 license: creativecommons.org/licenses/...
The Tieton andesite flows are confirmed as the longest viscous lava flows in the world! The exact reason why they were so long is complex, but heavily is related to its unusually high eruptive output (peaking at ~800 m^3/second). Another area of the world with unusually long lava flows is the Garibaldi and Garibaldi Lake volcanic complexes in Canada. There, a series of three unusually long dacite lava flows formed in the last 15,000 years, the longest of which is 20 km in length.
I'm guessing it's probably also related to having little to no gas in it, and slightly higher temperatures.
I'm beginning to get the concept that the geochemistry of magma is pretty complex and has everything to do with the tremendous variety of volcanoes.
For anyone who wants to see what the lava and Andescite Columns look like, Nick Zentner just did a video on them a couple weeks ago!
th-cam.com/video/bkz-ziKjkt0/w-d-xo.html
Bro...lol... How to pronounce "Yakima" th-cam.com/video/o56PbqMtaO4/w-d-xo.html
@@PedroDaGr8 Dr. Z! 🙏
I have long been listening to the TH-cam lectures, presentations and field seminars of Prof. Nick Zentner of CWU, Ellensburg WA. If I have found one thing outside Washington State, heck Northern California, Oregon, British Columbia, to Alaska, are all weird and unique. Lots to explore not just volcanic sites.
He is awesome.
Ah ... a fellow traveler .... I just posted a link to his recent field trip video ....
Yes. Nick. Such interesting lectures !!!
God Save Some of the
West Coast!🙏Please🌎
I liked his short series that was on PBS. "Nick on the Rocks" He knows his stuff and has formed an entertaining style of teaching.
It’s amazing how much detail you can get from reading the rocks. Sometimes I expect him to say something like “1.39 Million years ago, on a rainy Tuesday in February, ...”
I know, right..but it was actually at 15:30 in the afternoon.
@@BrilliantDesignOnline hahaha
Good line for next April first.
And a blood sun is sinking towards the horizon, partially occluded by the volcanic dust in the atmosphere....
PROVE OTHERWISE ... IT'S ALL TO MAKE THEMSELVES SOUND CREDIBLE !!!
You can always tell when someone isn’t from the PNW the way he pronounced Yakima and a few other places mentioned lol. Anyways I’ve been watching your videos for a couple years now and love the videos. Thank you for covering all the stuff here in the Northwest.
Yah-key-mah. Ummm, no. Yak-eh-mah.
@@ksdurg googled it...its Ya kuh muh
and im from Vancouver island in BC
@@Draconamus what’s it like living so close to Portland?
Jk
@@HubertofLiege where?
That was the kindest pronunciation of Yakima I've ever heard... I wonder how he would handle Puyallup!
Washington has so many oddities you could do a whole series just on that area.
There was also a giant flood basalt that covered almost all of eastern washington at one point. Crazy
Nick Zentner is the one to watch for that.
Pennsylvania for Geomorphology, Washington for Volcanology
"Washington has so many oddities" ...and that's just the people!
It’s where the waters of the great flood were bottlenecked into koolies during the end of the Silver Age. During the bronze age collapse a couple thousand years later the area burned with lava.
Andesite lava and polygon columns; two phrases I just never thought would occur together. Fascinating...Thanks, and cheers.
I have to admit, sometimes I just click on this guy's videos for his comforting voice, and to get away from the craziness of the rest of the world and social media.
My geology professor visits this place very often, he has videos on his TH-cam channel talking about it. Nick Zentner
I endorse Nick’s videos too!
Nick is brilliant👍Love the Donwtown geology lecture series!
NICK IS PHENOMENAL !!! IF YOU WANT TO UNDERSTAND THE GEOLOGY OF THE PNW, THEN NICK IS A MUST ...
Nick has both Geology 101 and Geology 351 complete courses available on line. He had to have them on-line available during the pandemic and opened them to the world. Participating students around the world from 9-year-old Patrick to 70 yo me took part in the conversation.
Nick’s videos are the best!
Thank you. Washington State has some of the most varied and fascinating geology in the world, from the accretion of the West Coast Terranes, to the Cascade active subductive volcanoes and back arc extinct hidden volcanoes, to the fantastic coolies that run through the Central state, and the volcanics in the East -- and that is just an overview. You could easily spend weeks covering all of these cataclysmic events.
I used to live there: Yack-im-Ma and Cow-witch-ee and Nat-Cheese; gotta work on your native american names :-). 3:50 I can see my good friend's house. Again, I learned something-I had no idea that that even WAS a lava flow, much less the longest one. A suggestion for another local feature is Yakima canyon, which runs about 35 mile from north of Selah (see-LAA)(north side of Yakima) up to Ellensberg, WA. One of the more beautiful rugged drives you can take and REALLY fun on a motorcycle.
Not far from Pupe-a-lup.
More fun in a canoe during the summer… 🤙
Love the geology in this part of the world - there's always something unexpected! Thanks for such an informative vid! Btw - it's YAK-em-uh, not ya-KEY-ma 🙂.
The artificial voice didn't manage the human pronunciation 🙄
@@1234j I don't think it's an artificial voice, I think he just has an idiosyncratic way of speaking.
Yes but we knew what he meant...
I got a good laugh out of his ya-KEY-ma pronunciation! 🤣🤣🤣
And it's 'Tee-ton', not 'Ti-e-ton'. And a few others. VERY bad pronunciation on this one. But VERY GOOD information. I guess, maybe, perhaps we can just put up with it....
I've read about the Tieton volcano and those fantastic columns in an old roadside geology book on Washington. Mt Baker also has some really nice columnar andesite too. I never really thought about how unusual it was to have such a long andesite flow in the state.
The Tieton eruption had been shown to have come from the Goat Rocks Volcano. 👍🏽😁
Some cool Andesite Columns up near Mount Rainier I found while camping
On your ride over White Pass on HWY 12 many locations reveal the massive lava flows. Stop at the Oak Creek Ranger Station to admire the massive columns across the Tieton River. Many people even climb the columns in warmer weather.
check before you plan a hike, the areas are closed at times during bird nesting.
Nick Zentner mentioned this in one of his lectures I think it was about the columbia flood basalts, but he didn't go very deep on the topic. I got very interested about it since, so having you explaining in detail is awesome. Thanks for this video!
He did a video just about this flow very recently.
th-cam.com/video/bkz-ziKjkt0/w-d-xo.html
Nick has been posting his lectures and field trips since the beginning of the pandemic, so you should be able to find more in depth information about them now. I've watched a couple of them, and they're FASCINATING.
@@k.c1126 I didn't find anything specifically about the Tieton lava flows. I only found he mentioning it sporadically in his lectures.
[Nick Zenter has entered the chat]
Been asking for this for years and now I find out you've already done it. Thank you
The Grande Ronde basalt flows would be another really interesting ancient volcano in the PNW to cover. Supposedly it was a singular volcanic feature which contributed a significant amount to the Columbia Flood Basalts, which is quite impressive to think about. Must've been a lot like an ancient Laki in the PNW.
Yes. There are impressive features in the walls of the Yakima river canyon north of the city of Yakima. I always drive WA203 to see the geology, eagles(often with babies), wild sheep and deer. Zenter's videos are great.
@E Van Yeah, I've seen some Zenter stuff and he's great. I just sadly don't have the time to invest in those long videos right now :(
Caught my first steelhead in the Grande Ronde!😁
Great stuff, very informative! Looking forward to observing how your content will evolve!
Hey GeologyHub, great channel by the way! Love your videos! Can you do a video on the formation of Cape Cod and the Islands in Massachusetts? Thanks!
I second that! Perhaps compare the Cape and Islands to other glacially formed areas.
Thanks for the great description of our local geology! I won't give you too much grief about mispronouncing Yakima, Naches and Cowiche.
I live in near Yakima, we can see many lava flows even today. We got over a mile thick layer of Columbia Flood Basalt that has many dozens of layers. Not sure which if Goat Rocks Lava or Flood Basalt came first, how many layers, or if both happening over time together and are intertwined. We have rock climbing because these flows.
We also have the Yakima Fold Belts. Some rise nearly 2,000 feet. I live on the side of one and have a view of the 'Gap' where Yakima River carved it's way through the Basalt layers as it was thrust up to form Anticlines. The lava from Goat Rocks also contributes to the ridges, mostly on west side of town. I can look out and see many layers of Basalt that were cut by river.
Also, the Yakima River Canyon is a spot where you can see dozens of individual layers. River is entrenched and has meanders. Yakima River was very old even before all the lava flows from multiple sources arrived here.
The Columbia River Basalts are 16-18 mlion years old. The Goat Rocks eruptions came notably layer.
@@PedroDaGr8 great, thank you very much. I am lucky to live in such an interesting geology rich location. I can see the west flank of Rattlesnake Ridge from my deck and house. I can see across Yakima Valley at other ridges, rivers, creeks, etc. I have front row seat for the large landslide still moving one foot per week downhill.
Goat Rock eruptions came from the Cascade belt of volcanos, CRB came from SE Oregon.
Thank you for covering my backyard 😊
So cool! I visit my friends there about every year and have always loved the basalt columns. I had no idea Goat Rocks used to be that active.
Cool video! If you want another topic on long lava flows you could examine the Payun Matru volcano in Argentina, with its Pampas Onduladas flow which is the longest Quaternary lava flow.
Been enjoying the heck out of your series! Was wondering if you could do a video on the picturesque Haystack Rock on the Oregon coast?
Second that.
Hi, thank you for your very informative/educational video's. I like the format and the pace.
My request is to have more information about Ngorongoro in Tanzania, as I have been in it. Thanks!
Thanks for the vid, very interesting! I drive along the eastern side of hwy 12 quite often, especially during the winter to ski, so it is pretty cool to hear about how some of the terrain was formed. Hiking in the PCT into goat rocks is also extremely underrated in late August or early September as well (when there are less mosquitoes).
Well done my good man, that area is keen to my eyes. I have travled most of the Tieton, to about 10 miles past the dam. Even as far as over the ridge and south to Knife Blade Ridge. My dog and I crossed over on foot from Conrad Meadows, hi-lining the mounts well above Cirque and Surprise Lakes. It was a great trail head in the '80s. Seeing Mt Adams, St Helens and Rainier from one spot will never leave me. A few spots on the PCT were not safe for horses. Up at White Pass to Rainier to Stampede Pass is some of the best, and around Mt Baker. The Palasades are a wonderous sight as well.
I live where you are talking about. The columns are great to look at. Ive driven and hiked all over this place. Thanks for the video.
If you drive across eastern Washington in the winter, the polygonal lava cliffs make it look exactly like you're in Iceland.
Goat Rocks is one of my favorite places while Hiking the Pacific Crest Trail. The views are so beautiful!
That lava speed graph at 0:47 is so useful! Thanks!
This is a really cool video, many thanks!
I've been camping out at Naches my entire life, Had no idea about this, how very cool
Thank you. Enjoyed the video.
One of my favorite posts actually. That's geology that I can drive to
We should organize a group ...
Very compact bit of wonderful information. I would like to suggest doing a video of Mt. Shasta.
That Was Incredible Information' So complex! Thank You' and blessings always!🌎🌍🌏
Traveling around these flows is amazing; some of the most beautiful scenery in what is already one of the most diverse and beautiful states.
I love your stuff, I watch almost everything you put out, but pretty pretty please look up Pacific Northwest place name pronunciation because none of them seem to make sense to people from outside the area.
Yakima (pronounced YAK-uh-muh) was the one that got me this time.
In other news, my partner grew up not far from Goat Rock, basically due west-northwest a ways.
I know, I was like where?
Exactly this.
Excellently done ✅
The lava flows that created the Pacific northwest is amazing.. the volume the earth puked out is beyond belief...
Great video, actually recently discovered this ,and found it to be amazing that thick goey even blocky lava got that far ,timely subject thanks,please do girabaldi.
New to the channel and i know I'm a little late, but I've grown up Bonney lake, grand parents lived in Yakima. I've hiked through the goat rocks and been all up and down the tieton river. Always wondered what caused the cool looking rocks there! Great video
These types of lava flows make me think of some kind of living rock monster.
Take a look at Calico Ridge, Henderson, NV. Crazy mixture of mineral deposits, lava flows, vent domes, and a wash.
I REALLY appreciate and enjoy our videos, especially the hard data you include. I am finding your vids a good companion with MIcrosoft Flight Simulator.. you have explained several features I was wondering about (the impact crater in Australia NW), and given me plenty to explore. I am frankly finding it an awesome tool for learning more about Geology and specific features I see... eg The Great Escarpment, Salt Domes in Iran adn the obvious tectonics or that cauldera looking crater lake next to Manila... a bit of googling and i learn it is Taal... and has gone up since 'discovering' it. I was simming from Australia to Bora Bora and lost comms with the weather stations (real world weather).. curious, I did a google and found the Tonga Volcanoe had JUST gone up and was only reported in local news at the time andhadn't hit international news yet. Fyi without weather stations, you could not detect the eruption in the sim, but La Palma was very well modeled, I even compared the webcams with the sim. It showed only as cloud but at the right spot, density and with volcanic lightining. (comparison vid - th-cam.com/video/SSdXj9h9HJs/w-d-xo.html ). Hey, I would really appreciate you covering the history around South Eastern Victoria (Australia) along the coast between Warnambool and Colac (the Red HiIl cinder cone fields). Most Aussies have zero clue about the volcanism here, and I know people living at the base of the major cinder cone near Camperdown (showing signs of growth or slippage) that have zero clue, I would love to know much more about it from someone with a clue like you! Keep up the wonderful work!
It’s not Yak-eema. It’s aama. I been rock hounding the area for a couple decades. I have the strangest conglomerates from those flows. There is a point in cowiche canyon where the andesite flow ends and basalt begins. The creek separates the two. Thanks for the video.
I’ll have to keep an eye out for that; I drive to the west end of Yakima several times a month near where US 12 splits between heading to Natchez and Ellensburg.
Also on the west side of white pass, there are beautiful column formations along the river and highway.
If you are interested in seeing the site of these flows in more detail, you should check out Nick Zentner's video from last month here : th-cam.com/video/bkz-ziKjkt0/w-d-xo.html. Nick is a Washington-based geologist and professor who regularly does "field trips" to some of the very interesting sites that are covered here on GeologyHub.
I really appreciate the work you put into these videos. That said, I do have one request. When showing photos and video describing the topic, I wish there were a symbol placed on the screen to indicate and confirm that what we are looking at, actually came from that very volcano. When using images from other eruptions throughout the world, the message begins to feel diluted or even confusing. For me, when learning about a certain volcano, I need to know exactly what images came from where...
Agree! It's useful to see a photo of a feature being described, but is it the actual thing or something similar?
Suggestion for a new geological oddity video. The sandy desert in Freeport Maine.
Very interesting!
Great video, thanks for your work. Btw is Yack-imm-AH, not Yak-EEM-uh
Thank you!
Very interesting as usual! Just FYI "Yakima" is pronounced with the accent on the 1st syllable, 'yak', like the boreal bovid; "YAK-ih-mǝ".
It is easy to assume that the source heating the magma may had a higher than normal temperature to increase the the longer flows.
Local pronunciations are Yakima, and Cow-witch-ee. I used to work there Summers. Naches, where my Uncle Bob Allan lived, they pronounce Nah Cheese, NOT Naw Chez. These are NOT the original native American pronunciations, which are closer to what you might expect.
I live directly east of Goat rocks right where the map transitions from green mountains to desert. I've over looked Goat rocks many times from Darland mountain which has the second highest road in the state. From that vantage point I can see all the way to mount baker in the north of Washington to 3 sisters in central oregon.
I had to think a bit to figure which drainage it took since the klickitat, cowiche, and ahtanum drainages were clearly impossible. I settled on the Tieton/Naches drainage. It would appear to be the only one with the correct elevation. Highway 12 traverses much of the length of this flow with many exposed columns. There are also some interesting flows and columns at the palisades before you come into Packwood which was from a large eruption 650000 years ago and also traveled a considerable distance from Goat rocks complex.
How about the Blue Rocks here in Pennsylvania? There's a campground nearby and nothing else like it around here. I always wondered how it formed.
I live like 600 feet from one of the Tieton Andesite places you highlighted lol
I'm intrigued by your accent. I cant place where you're accent is from. Amazing video as always. Thank you for doing this. Btw, there is the theory that the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico is a large igneous province, but a silicic one (s SLIP, if you will). Have you already done a video on that or on regular LIPs?
It's Yah-Kih-Muh :)
Very interesting video, I live in Seattle and I never knew about this
Very interesting video I love your videos on volcanoes I've been fascinated by them forever a long time ago when I was a kid my Grandpa took us down south in southern Utah and there was a extinct volcano I can't remember where this was but you could definitely tell it was a cinder cone do you know of any other extinct or volcanoes in Utah just curious you're really good at your research on this topic of volcanoes keep up the great work your videos are very well done good job peace out
Could you make a video on Wilpena Pound and the surrounding Flinders Ranges in South Australia? There are some fascinating rock formations there.
2:02
I was not aware that was a 12,000' volcano in the past.
Wow.
3:10 This overflowing of that crater in only one hour is outrageous.
800 cubic meters per SECOND flowing.
For these eruptions long time ago, do you find the passages through core drilling or just by ground sampling?
i love you content, but it is very clear you are not from the PNW based on pronunciations (Na-cheese, Yak em ah)
other than that absoutely fascinating video. As a PNW geology nerd i love learning more about the surrounding country
I'd love to see a clip about the huge magnetic anomaly in central australia..its the big arc of hills right in the middle of the continent. Cant miss it
Goat rocks was my favorite stretch of the PCT .
There could well be longer/larger ones on the ocean floor. We just don't know enough about the ocean floor to be sure.
I have seen this flow from Google Earth, & have always wondered of its origins! Also definitely made me want to go there even more! 🤣
For scenic-ness, you won't be disappointed, plus there is a lot of recreational things to do.
I would love you to cover the Willamette River. Including, elk rock island and willamette falls and the willamette valley. The River did not carve the valley. It’s very interesting. During Missoula floods it flowed south instead of its normal northern flow which is also odd. Not that many rivers flow north in this manner.
Found your channel by watching Nick Zentner’s Channel
I grew up in Naches, WA. I never knew any of this.
I live in Hayden, on the edge of the Rathdrum prairie. I know about the Lake Missoula floods, but I am interested in what exactly is filling the Rathdrum prairie and the surrounding areas from the floods. Thanks
Thanks!
I am glad that you enjoyed this video and thanks for the support!
I knew about this from watching Nick Zentner’s TH-cam channel
These ancient eruptions keep me up at night !
Great video! And for more information search out Nick Zentner’s excellent lectures and videos covering the Geology of Washington State!
th-cam.com/video/bkz-ziKjkt0/w-d-xo.html
Thank you
Can you do a video on the emerald/ruby strip in Greenland?
1. In June of 1783, a large group of fissures opened in southern Iceland.
2. Large volumes of lava soon poured outwards at a rate exceeding 4,000 cubic meters per second.
3. The fissure soon propagated further, creating a 27 kilometer long fissure system which was all erupting at the same time.
4. This mini flood basalt like eruption was the largest effusive eruption to occur on the planet in the last 1,000 years.
5. It sent flows of basaltic lava up to 70 kilometers distant.
6. Other large volume eruptions have also occurred during the same timespan, and almost universally involved basaltic lava.
7. The reason for this is that the more silica a lava flow has, the more viscous it becomes.
8. Silica rich lava flows longer than 10 kilometers such as andesite or rhyolite are highly unusual and quite rare.
9. In the Cascade mountain range there exists a particular set of two lava flows which seemingly broke this rule.
10. There, from a peak in the Goat Rocks Wilderness, a 74 and 52 kilometer long andesite to borderline dacite lava flow advanced across the landscape.
11. This was the planet's longest known silica rich molten flow of material.
12. These two lava flows are known as the Tieton andesite flows, and stretch from Goat Rocks all the way to the edge of Yakima.
13. The edge of the longer and older andesite flow is most pronounced near Cowiche Creek.
14. These two massive lava flows were at one time thought to have originated from Mount Rainier by early geologists.
15. Instead, they originated from a completely separate volcano known as Goat Rocks.
According to OpenAI's chatGPT that is a 15 point summary of your video. :)
I hate to be that guy....... But it's pronounced "Yeah-keh-mah"
But always good to see you covering Eastern WA and the cascades, would love to see more on the Olympic peninsula. A real geologic oddity.
I'd like to see an episode on volcanic features that are easy to see from the highway in various countries
Excellent information! Kudos from one geology nerd to another. Oregon and Washington are havens for anyone interested in geology. Don't take it to heart, but I get a kick out of your mispronounced place names. Everyone here in Virginia says my home state wrong: "Ora-gone" but it's pronounced "Ore-ree-gun".
I grew up in Ellensburg, just north of there.
I know the area very well. I used to Mt Bike 160-300 miles a week (3/4 paved, gravel roads of course and yes I would ride out of town 40 miles , up and down the cascades and ride back home. 10-16 hour rides). Yes, I used race and beat some pro's. Anyhoo. Very beautiful area with oodles of riparian zones along the rivers. Especially along the Columbia river, where these rivers flow into.
My step dad was professor of geology and educated me about these and others wonders. Such as the terminal moraines along the Kittitas valleys north side. Fancy name for the end of glaciers from the last major ice age.
The hills north side of the valley are basically compact rubble. The pressure from the glaciers created "ellensburg blues" a semi precious gemstone found only there and in korea. The blues will actually rise out of the ground every spring after the snow melt.
Geologically Washington State is amazing.
Thats why me dad chose to live there. Its gorgeous to the eye of even an armchair geologist.
Mt. Cireme on West Java on the north flank has a lava vent that traveled 5-6 km. That make me very curious.
I’d recommend going to Google earth to view the lava flows in Garibaldi Park. It’s quite interesting.
Huh. I wonder if I ever learned that in my high school geology class, which took a field trip that went through there, with stops in the Tieton. Definitely doesn't ring a bell, but I was progressively more drunk as time went on that day. And it was 25 years ago.
How very interesting. I've driven 12 many times and recognize the cliffs along the river never knowing the geological history of what caused it.
Hey, I can see my house from here!
Yet, even after my university geology courses, it wasn't until watching this video that I learned about this intriguing local feature. Go figure!
The geology of Washington State is amazing!
Tenerife also display very long phonolitic lava flows. Felsic lava is lighter and can be pushed farther
Please summarize the caldera movement (hot spot) migrating from northern California through Oregon then through to Wyoming? Do scientists have a good handle on the migration path? Might there have been more than one hot spot migrating from the west US coast north-eastward? I hope you will be able to cover this. I am mega-curious. Thank you.
Can you do the few (probably extinct) volcanoes in Croatia in the Adriatic? I think there is another extinct one on the mainland too.
Hey I just moved near Ranier! Just FYI, natives pronounce is yak (like the animal) - i (like if) - mah (like your mother). I’ll have to go check this area out more
very cool..
Love the channel!! And: YAK im ah
The voice is synthetic 🙄😂
Sounds like a artificial voice from typed text. If it doesn't recognize a word it is a phonetic pronunciation.
@@1234j lol No it's not.