@@Anton_Danylchenko That is just outrageous . Having border with country and still .... not even that but being defacto in one federation ( even if unofficially it is not) and confuse it is beyond American stupidity. I know there is still Latvia and Lithuania and they are confused as well. But nobody confusing Estonia with Finland or Spain with France ( even though ...Americans can still do it) Sometimes Belgium with Netherland still happening .
@@avitalsheva There are simply many people who just do not learn geography or history. Sadly many of them became rich scumbags and, as a result, influential politicians.
Till now in Slovakia the name for a Slovak woman is 'Slovenka' . It means that the original name for a Slovak man was not 'Slovak' but 'Sloven'. Also the name of Slovakia in slovak language is 'Slovensko'.
@@jankotrik9984 a to kedy bol Slovak "Sloven"?? Raz takto na dovci v Dubrovniku, sme si sadli pre veceri s parom zo Slovinska. Napadlo nam, ze by sme mohli skusit nase rodne jazyky. Skusili sme. Velmi rychlo sme sa vsetci styria vratili k anglictine...
@@rayfighter Slovo "Slovák" sa prvý raz spomína v českých a poľských kronikách asi od konca 13. storočia. Bolo to v tom období slovo, ktorým Západný Slovania mysleli všetkých Slovanov. Pre Slovanov žijúcich v tom období na dnešnom území Slovenska to bolo cudzie slovo a samých seba nazývali "Sloväni". Preto je zvláštne, že tento exonym prebrali neskôr ako pomenovanie svojho etnika. A aj preto je slovo "Slovák" v slovenčine osamotené. Žiadne iné slovo v slovenčine nie je z tohto slovného základu odvodené. Naopak existuje vo veľa cudzích slovanských jazykoch ako označenie našej krajiny a jazyka. Naše slová ako "slovenčina", "Slovenka", "Slovensko" - sú odvodené zo starého autentického základu - "Sloven-". Takže podľa správnosti by sme sa mali volať "Slovenci".
Ancestors of both: Slovaks (Principality of Nitra) and Slovenes (Principality of Carantania (probably divided in smaller polities for a few times), possibly Carniola and Lower Pannonia - with a a Moravian Prince) had their own states, but they were destroyed to soon and their teritory was divided, colonized and assimilated by their neighbors, especially Germans and Hungarians. The names and identities of those states did not have a chance to stick and they had to later come up with another name. New names indicates that they are Slavs, but connection with older names is gone. Ancestors of Slovenes, Czechs and Slovaks used to be neighbors.
In case of Slovenes the name 'Slovenci' meant primarily 'slavic speakers' and started to be used gradually as ethnonym only since rise of Protestantism in late 16th century. People in parts of Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia used the term 'Slovinci' for themselves with the same intention until the 20th century.
@@valentintapata2268 The "assimilation", at least in Hungary, took place much (basically some 800 years) later than most people think. The opinion that nomads still living in tents in the 11th century (i. e. Hungarians) somehow miraculously, right after their arrival, replaced the previous highly civilized population, living in most of Europe at that time (and even today), is a nice non-sensical fairly tale spread by some Hungarian nationalists and having no support in data.
Slovaks, Croats and Slovenes all share same ancestors anyways.If there was no hunnic invasion in central and eastern europe durring middle ages, i think does three countries would form 1 country today
9:42 The proper translation of the Slovene to Slovak would be: "Hodina (or Výuka) nemeckého jazyka sa začne dnes." You see how much closer it is to the Slovene original. The word "výuka" is much closer to the Slovenian "Pouk", and I can see a common root there. Most differences between Slavic languages can be attributed to synonyms and archaisms of any specific language.
when you understand that vy- and po- are just morphemes that are not that important, and just take the root, in this case -uk- (učenje, učiti, naučiti, poučiti, nauka, pouka...) it becomes much easier to decipher other Slavic languages. We have much in common.
@MiralemMehanovic Ja sam živio u Sloveniji i mogu da kažem da se u Severnim i Severo-Zapadnim dijalektima koristi "vi-" umesto književnog "iz-" ... primerice: Slovenački književni: izbrati, izteči, izhod, izmed, dijalektno: vibrati, vitečt, vihuod, vimed i tako dalje. A to koriste Zapadni i Istočni Sloveni (Ukrajinci i Belorusi). Slovenci, Česi, Slovaci, Rusi i ostali još uvjek ćuvaju odnosno imaju staro-Slavenski "v" umjesto "u". Ponekad mi se čini da su ti jezici kao arhaički Bosanski/Srpski...
Interesting video I am from Ukraine and in Ukrainian we often have mentioned Slovak and Slovenian words as synonyms. E.g. we have both zaveršyty and skinčyty, both počaty and začaty (in some dialects); we have both slukhaty (for listen) and počuty (for hear) and počuvaty (for feel oneself); we have both hovoryt and reče (in some dialects); we have umity/vmity (can), mohty (can). znaty (know) and vidaty (know). I guess in fact all mentioned roots are present in Slovak and Slovenian but some of them are treated as obsolete or rarely used, while others became commonly used and some words changed their meanings. I guess some of mentioned words have to be synonyms also in Slovak and Slovenian. So you can say the same sentence in Slovenian in a way it will look like Croatian and then say the same sentence using synonyms in a way it will look like Slovak. That is the problem of all comparisons. Slovenian certainly share part of lexics and features with Croatian and another part of lexics and features with Slovak. It is not a surprise since Slovenians lived between Croats and Slovaks in the times when Hungarians did not came to Europe yet.
Dveri for doors used in Slovenia-Prekmurje region and Duri elsewhere. Ukraininas say same for doors. Dveri. Similarity with Croatian-kaikavian is because kaikavian is a Slovene language dialect.
Hi, native Croatian speaker here. I'm gonna correct some of these things cuz i noticed some mistakes 8:12 sat is more common among students, only teachers say nastava. Even then from my personal experience they use sat more 9:12 an actual native would say "nastava njemačkog počinje danas" while it is correct as well we don't specify it's a language, that's like saying "the class of the German language starts today" it's just not that common to say it like that 10:09 like German you don't usually specify it's a language after, also you can say popodne as well you can specify it's after noon with poslijepodne if u want but yeah Also natives shorten četiri to just četri 11:55 it ain't just Slovak we don't either😭 just say "si spreman?" In daily conversation 12:47 we use mobilni telefon it's the full name in Croatian but just mobitel is more common 14:07 you can use poslušaj too but it's less common 15:36 you can say "jel piše korejsku abecedu?" It's the same thing but shorter 18:18 tell me who actually says that?- it's more common to say "ja mogu dobro pjevati" (i can song well) personally I've never heard anyone say "ja umijem prevati" cuz "umijem" is more common in the context of washing your face- 19:32 E in Croatian NEVER makes the same sound as i, it's prEsley not prIsley That's about it hope i helped
Using 'japonščina' instead of 'japonski jezik' and 'ure' (hours, hodiny) instead of 'pouk' (lecture) would make slovenian and slovakian even more similar
There is also poduka in Croatian, but it's not used for the school classed. For instance you go to poduka in car driving, or lace making, or extra math hours privately.
@@Phobos_Nyx The country is called Slovakia in English. Repubblica Italiana>Italy, Republica Portuguesa>Portugal, Republique Francaise>France. Although they all call themselves Adjectif+Republic, it translates with a simple names. Slovenska Republika>Slovakia
@@atisalvaro Slovakia is the shortened geographical version (same as Czech Republic/Czechia) but that doesn't change the fact that the official name (even in English) is Slovak Republic thus the adjective is Slovak. It's the same as in the case of Czechia, you don't say Czechian after all so why the need to add -ian when it comes to Slovakia is a mystery to me.
@@Phobos_Nyx The ethnonym and the name is Slovak. The country name in English is simple Slovakia. The same applies to me, being a Croat, but the adjectif related to Croatia is Croatian. The official name French Republic, Italian Republic and Portuguese Republic does NOT oblige English speakers and foreigners generally to use this long form. We all call them France, Italy and Portugal, and NONE in those countries objects to it. the ambition to impose how other call you is basically wrong. This is what actually Turkey is doing with Turkiye. just imagine Germany asking the world to stop calling them Alemania, germania, Njemačka, and all obliged to call them Deutschland, for the sake of the national pride.
I am Slovak and if I go to Czechia they would probably understand almost everything (except some specific words) as we were part of the same country and we are used to hear both languages. If I go to Poland I would be able to somehow communicate with them, like we would not understand each other completely, but we would get the message. Lot of word are similar either in Polish and Czech, Polish and Slovak, or Slovak and Czech, so if you understand one of the languages you can communicate, if you understand two of the languages you can sometimes even understand the context as well. When I go to Croatia (I've been there 6 times, and 2 times in Bosnia) I would only understand few words, but not the whole message or context. I have never been to Slovenia though, but I would assume it would be similar like in Croatia, I would understand some words, maybe some simple sentences but not the context or complex message/text.
Yeah as as Croat, I can confirm it's hard to understand Slovenians. It's about your accent, the way you say things throws me off and it takes some time to figure out what you're saying. I honestly have an easier time speaking to Slovaks or even Poles and Russians. I remember this Slovenian lady asking me for directions, but not only did I have a hard time understanding her, she also had a hard time understanding me, possibly because of my Dalmatian accent and the choice of words. In the end I just sat in the car with her and pointed her lol. In written form, I would understand it fairly well. I guess we're just not exposed much to Slovenian anymore. But then I also struggle understanding Serbs from southern parts of Serbia. I was playing a game online once, and this girl asks me what language I'm speaking, she didn't trust me that it's Croatian because she didn't understand much of what I said. Then when she switched over to her dialect...I had no idea what she said, it sounded closer to Macedonian.
@@davidkovac7170 Slovene speaking person would be more understandable than Serbo-Croatian for Slovaks/Czechs if they speak slowly & if they use litteral words.
@@polyglotdreams And the original inhabitants of Slavonia were Slovenians (ie. Kajkavians). The historical Slavic name of the Kingdom of Slavonia is Slovenieh (read Slovénye). Slavonia is its Latin name, Regnum Sclavoniae or Regnum Slavoniae. Today it's inhabited by quite a lot of Catholic Serbs (ie. Croatians), especially east of Zagreb ...
11:18 mistake. In Croatian po can be used interchangeably with poslije (in this context), and popodne is even more comon than poslijepodne 13:52 učbenik is more similar to učebnica than udžbenik? it's almost identical in slo and cro. also most of the sentences could be written in different forms to be more similar.. one example žanr instead of vrsta glazbe but anyways great video, it would be awesome if you could deep dive into kajkavian as some of the sentences it seemed it was closer to slovak than slovenian and croatian
I don't speak any of those languages but I thought the same think during watching (In a Russian native speaker). Tim should have used help of native speakers of all three languages.
@@polyglotdreams Languages are a living thing, especially in such mixed areas and considering that we lived in the same country. Cultural and linguistic entanglements are all kinds and it is very difficult to take one standard. Adhering to a strict standard can be confusing. For example "šta" is often used instead of "što" so that a good number of speakers could be considered "štakavci". When variants of Ikavian, Ijekavian, Ekavian are added, only then does total confusion arise (Milk - mlijeko, mliko, mleko). There are both first and second Čakavians, while Kajkavians are mostly Ekavians (like the majority of Serbs). However, there are ijekavian people in central Serbia as well... Regardless of the different dialects, we understand each other quite well even when we speak in dialects. I would say that this is also the result of unification in the last 150 years as well as living together for 80.
@@soksb3766 Kajkavians are completely ekavinas because they are Slovenians. Slovenians say mleko, not mlijeko. That was the reasons for a case that I personally know when some Slovenians were beaten in Croatia in the 90s as they wanted to speak Croatian. When it finally became clear they were not Serbs, one of them was told by the Croats who had just beaten them: "Pa zašto, brate, ne govoriš Slovensko?" (Brother, why don't you speak Slovenian?)
It's more complex as it seems.... in Slovene language, URA (hour) is also commonly used as term for "pouk" (class)! And "nemščine" (german) or "japonščine" (japanese) can be equally used instead of "nemškega jezika" (german languange) or "japonskega jezika".... which would made Slovenian closer Slovak.... Also "mobitel"is commonly used abrevation for "mobile phone", even our largest and national mobile operater used to be named "Mobitel"! And I wouldn't agree about "učebnica" is closer to "učbenik".... I bet 90% of Slovenes would have a problem understanding it correctly, while almost all would understand the meaning of "udžbenik".... The Coratian word "omiljena" is also rooted in "love", because "omiljeni/miljeni"means "beloved"... etc.
Slovene "učbenik" & Slovak "učebnica" is more correct than Serbo-Croatian "udžbenik". The word is "učiti" not "udžiti". All other I agree. Slovene is something between West S. & South S.
@@tienshinhan2524 true, if you look a t it "directlly"... but the root of the word is still in "učiti", which is the same, the difference is only in the "diacritic letter", most likely caused by the pronunciation trough time.... and besides that Slovene and Croatian word are of the same "male" verbal gender, while the Slovak is in "female"...
I'll note that in Slovak, you can equally say "hodiny nemeckého/japonského/francúzskeho/etc. jazyka", not just the shorter forms of the terms for each language. Same with saying "slovenčina" for short and "slovenský jazyk" as the longer form, or "English" for short and "English language" as the longer form. There's also the fact that you can colloquially say "na hodine" for the time during those hour-long school lessons, but equally, you can also say "počas hodiny" (which is closer to English "during the lesson"). Suffice to say, Slovene, Croatian and Slovak all have several, synonymous ways of expressing the same meaning, and it also depends on whether you're using more colloquial grammar and vocabulary, or more formal grammar and vocabulary (obviously, when talking with friends, close colleagues or schoolmates, you'll be talking colloquially, not trying to sound like an official).
Yes, there are often ways to say these sentences to make them more similar... I am working with the app... but I do try to point out those cases.. Thanks for the input.
There is actually nothing to conclude from the fact they use 'japanese language' instead of just single-word form in these languages in that app as that decision is more arbitrary decision of the translator than a specific rule. I see this effect often when reading manuals or content of food translated to similar languages. Sometimes Czech seem to be more verbose sometimes Slovak, but it is just the arbitrary choice of the translator how much she 'optimizes' the translation behind.
Prekmurje used to be a part of Archdiocese of Zagreb, thus it is vice versa. Both Prlekija and Prekmurje are phonetically the same as Kajkavian, while standard Slovenian sounds like literary Croatian.
@@unincorner4277 Well... everything depends on person how he/she/they pronounce words. Slovene Pannonian dialects are more similar to Croatian Kajkavian dialects than standard Slovene, same as Kajkavian is more similar to Slovene Pannonian dialects & same for Slovak South-West dialects, especially Zahorsky dialect. Slovene North-West are similar to Czech/Moravian dialects. Similar with Serbian - Macedonian - Bulgarian thing (Torlakian). Literral Slovene does not sound like standard Croatian phonetically & in way of pronoucation.
@@unincorner4277 you forget that Kajkavian is found in Croatia and we can all see it's just Slovenian without the German influance and there are no Shtokovian speakers in Slovenia meaning that Kajkavian is Slovene most simmilar to Prekmurje and Stajerska region. If it was Croatian then Croatia shouldn't have picked Shtkovanian as their main language since it has nothing in common with Kajkavian and the fact that Croatia is letting Kajakvian die just shows they are commiting a cultural genocide and destroying and remains of Slovenian language.
I am a Croatian that lived in Czech Republic for a couple of years, learned Czech and was hanging out with both Czech and Slovaks. Although they are all similar after learning Czech listening to Slovenian radio stations while driving on our trips from Czech Republic to Croatia sounded like almost Croatian. My point is, after learning Czech and a bit of Slovak, Slovenian felt waaaay closer to Croatian for me.
Slovene is not like Croatian. Similar but still (verry) different. I am native Shtokavian speaker & can't understand them, Macedonian is a way more similar. I would put Slovene as some bridge between "South" Slavic & West Slavic.
@@tomislavhoman4338 Well, yes through Kajkavian Croatian dialect(s) Slovene can be understood a lot, but still I think that far most understandable for Neo-Shtokavian speakers is Macedonian, which is in fact old variant of Shtokavian.
Whew, got the answer right before hitting play on your video! Have a Masters in Slavic linguistics so your vids are very interesting to me. You explain things a lot better than some of my profs did!
Yes, word ''hodina'' (hour), can be used in context as lesson in Slovak language. But also, it can be used word ''vyuka'' which have the same root as it has in Slovene. Even, it is more proper Slovak expression than word hodina in this context. Similarly, you can find other words, which have the same roots and meanings in Slovak and Slovene. But, you need to be a native speaker, to intuitively find and understand similar words for both languages. Sometimes, these words could be archaic and not spoken today , but they are understud by natives in both countries. It is not possible to determine similarity of languages from one sentence from each language, because it is possible to choose other words, which sounds different, but have the same meanings, and more similar to compared language. If you want to compare them, you need to consider them as a complex languages, not choosing random words with similar meanings.
Yes, you can find such words... and I tried to point them out... you should keep mind that I have no control over the wording of the sample sentences from the app... can only comment on them.
The Slovene examples were very "stick up ones arse" Pouk is a lecture, while we sould say "ura" (hour) to a specific lecture. Similarly we relarely use "Ali..." or "jaz... " in most colloquial speach we drop it, even in standard speach it sounds stiff. It is mostly used when you need to really point it out or if you have a stiff Slovene teacher. Hardly anyone uses an adjective + jezik for everyday speach and even formal speach tends to prefer Nemščina, Slovaščina etc. That lady spoken like you would teach a foreigner speak for their Slovene 101 course.
It’s closer to Croatian, but really it’s somewhere in between (I speak Slovak fluently, Croatian a little). Among the Slavic languages, Slovenian is a fascinating relic; I think I’ll learn it sometime 👌🏼
I find it fascinating... it was my first Slavic language before I switched to Serbo-Croatian in 1977 when riding a bicycle 🚲 along the Adriatic coastline
@@polyglotdreams There is no Serbo-Croatian. They tried to make such a language in Yugoslavia, but they largely failed. It was never in use in Croatia.
@@atisalvaro In Croatia? Do you mean the "Hrvatska banovina"? The Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia (which was, from Ausgleich on, more or less an administrative fiction, as the Crown of St. Stephen was one state, not a sum of states as the Cisleitaninen)? The Boshevik Titoist Croatia? Kajkavian is a dialect of Slovenian. Cakavian, well, it's a matter of discussion, but Stokavian? Do you dare say Stokavian is not just Western Serbian, from the point of view of Structural linguistics? Or, if turned around, that Serbian and Croatian are only the Eastern and Western variants of Stokavian? Finally, Croatians want to base their standard language on the language of Dubrovnicka republika (Republic of Ragusa), and the most famous literary family of Ragusa, the Gondola (Gundulic) considered themselves to be Catholic Serbians (the last Gundulic was famous for his identification as a Serb Catholic). In 19th century, the pope Leo XIII wrote a pastoral letter to the Ragusians, that was addressed to the Serbs Catholics! So the question is, what's Croatian? Yes, there's a strong stilistic difference between the books published in Griechisch Weissenburg (Belgrad) and in Agram (Zagreb) -especially if you take the best literary works and translations made in Agram (or even the texts published in NDH), but a Slovenian is not able to recognize differences, and the differences are just a dialectal ones. Not relevant from the structural point of view. Well, language is a dialect with the state, not true?
Slovene once was more similar to Slovak & Czech than other "South" Slavic. I am native "Serbo-Croatian" speaker & Slovenes took Croatian Gaj alphabet in 19. century & also huge number of Serbo-Croatian words in Yugoslavia. In it's dialects exist words than appears in Slovak but not in any other "South" Slavic languages (such as: každi (each), zahovat (to preserve), motil (butterfly) & also where Slovene offical G is changed into dialectally H (glava ---> hlava, bog ---> boh/buh, goba ---> huoba/hoba, cvet ---> kvet/kvjat). For me, as Serbian ... Slovenes & Slovene are "South-Slavicized" West Slavs, they just don't fit in. And you Slovaks & Slovenes are very similar by genetics, you can check on Eupedia. Greetings to you.
The south Slavic languages all actually form what linguists call a dialectic continuum. Slovenian and bulgarian are on opposite ends, and in the middle there's Shtokavian (which is the base for all the BCMS- bosnian, croatian, montenegrin, and serbian standard languages). In between slovenian and shtokavian there is a transitional dialect kajkavian, and between shtokavian and bulgarian/macedonian there is torlakian. As a bosnian I would say slovenian is definitely closer to shtokavian and especially to the croatian variant (as it's influenced more by kajkavian). And also out of all the western Slavic languages I would say slovak is by far the most similar to south slavic, which also increases similarities.
I come originally from Russia and understand Slovak language very well. Much better than Polish or Czech. Slovak is also very close to Ukrainian. That makes it understandable for russian speaking people.
Interesting video, thank you. But at 5:35 you show a clip from Tallinn; Estonia and not Bratislava. Its Bratislava to start with, but later Tallinn with the Oleviste kiirik, St Olavs church.
This is well shown, but not everything is so strict, in every language every word has its synonyms! for example in Croatian the word Pažljivo has its synonym which is Pozorno or Pozor exactly the same as Slovenian and Slovak. In Croatian we don't say " imam radije" but "radije slušam or volim radije" also in Croatian we can say "ja znam pjevati" But yeah, all three languages are pretty similar and related and easy to learn for us who are from those three countries!
It's actually the other way around. Russian has many south slavic words because of the influence of old church slavonic which was used as a literary language of russia for centuries. Old church slavonic is south slavic and the oldest written slavic language.
Exactly, the Slovenians would not understand the so called Croatian (which is, in fact, Western Serbian), were we not exposed to Yugoslavia. KAjkavian, however, is pure Slovenian. Phonetically, structurally, by words, you can not distinguish Kaikavian from Slovenian spoken in Styria. IF written, Czech is much more understandable than Croatian. With all my yugoslav experience, I needed a year of reading with the help of the dictionary to start udnerstanding and speaking Serbian/Croatian, and still I'm not good at it ...
As a Slovak who spoke perfect Croatian with the accent of around Zagreb, definitely I do not understand Slovenian. Croatians hardly understand Slovenian. BTW, Czech language and Slovak language is very different, too. They all very different. Yes, they use many similar actually same words, but ironically they mean absolutely different things. One can say only if you are not in daily use or disclosure of these languages/ words you are not able to understand it.
12:28 As a Slovak, I undestand izklopi as a form of Slovak "sklopiť" (a synonym of "turn down/over" in Slovak), but Slovak uses the term of "turn off" (not down). Again, as a Slovak, I fully understood the Slovene meaning, even if it used different words. Croatian was less clear, but I could interpret it as "uhasiť" meaning "to extinguish" the mobile phone. Like extinguishing a fire = putting (the fire) down or shutting it down. From a practical point I understood what was being asked, but it was conveyed in words that Slovak does not use in that application. But still I got the meaning, if I were in Croatia and someone asked to "ugasiti mobitel", I would instantly get what they ask me to do.
@@erikziak1249 The same with 'završit' - there is such Slovak word being ~synonym of 'ukončiť' (to finish) but not used in this context of finishing a lesson. There are lot of common words with slightly shifted meaning in the other languages, still making enough sense when exchanged.
I would add that in Slovak, when we talk about turning off electric appliances, we use the "fire extinguishing" in one instance, which is when talking about lamps - we say "zhasnúť/zažať svetlo" as "turn off/turn on the light". Also when an appliance that has a screen unexpectedly turns off, we can say something like "zhasol mi mobil/počítač" - "my phone/computer turned off"
In Slovak, you could say "japonského jazyka" instead of "japončiny". It would be more correct to compare that form and it would make Slovenian and Slovak closer. Same applies to "nemčiny" etc.
Thanks for this interesting video. There are some minor errors in the Slovak translations - verbs "začať sa/začínať sa" and "končiť sa" are reflective, which means they should always carry the "sa" component. However, leaving it out is a very common mistake many Slovak speakers make. Also, first person for the verb "môcť" is "môžem".
@@polyglotdreams I would say there's no need to alter the video. It really is a very common mistake and many speakers wouldn't even notice. One of those things that indicate one's level of language education 🙂 I thought it might be interesting as the Slovak "sa" brings these verbs closer to the South Slavic "se" form.
@@polyglotdreams In fact, not using "sa" when actor is the object is a serious mistake. The impatient soldier started the fight. Netrpezlivý vojak začal bitku. The fight started due to the impatient soldier. Bitka sa začala kvôli netrpezlivému vojakovi. If the sentence starts like this: Bitka začala... we expect an object - what was started by that fight? (just like we can ask, what was started by the soldier and we have the answer: the fight). Using "sa" means it "started itself" (that's why the verb is called reflective) here and not using it means it started something (else), like: The fight started the neverending war. Bitka začala nekonečnú vojnu.
it s a nice effort, but it s much more complex, for example 'to speak', in Slovak we would say 'hovorit', but we also understand 'kazat' and 'riect' which are more commonly used in croatian/slovenian. in slovenian there is also significant touch of czech i believe, this is obvious as we used to be one set of people, slovakia and slovenia mainly, only to be divided by germans and hungrians, and me as a slovak, i feel a part of slovenia too even though the languages have gone a bit astray
I am a Croat from those Kajkavian regions, but I must emphasize that the real Kajkavian dialect is still spoken only in the villages. In cities, we mostly speak a mixture of Kajkavian and Stokavian dialects. However, Croats from the Kajkavian regions will understand Slovenian much more easily than other Croats. I can personally say that I understand Slovenian quite well. I can communicate with a Slovenian guy without any problems, except maybe for some specific words, but of course, on the condition that we speak more slowly and clearly. Of the other Slavic languages, the most comprehensible are, of course, the other South Slavic languages (Macedonian because of the accent more than Bulgarian), and then somehow Russian. After Russian, I think it would be Slovak. I guess because of the accent. Maybe the Czechs have a quick pronunciation, I don't know.
Which other Slavic language you understand the most? I think it's impossible for Croatian Kajkavian that understand Russian more than Slovak. Slovak language is a way more similar to Croatian standard (Shtokavian) & even more to Kajkavian Croatian dialect(s).
@@tienshinhan2524 Kajkavian, Stokavian and Cakavian are dialects, not languages. I, as a speaker of the Kajkavian dialect, speak the same language as a speaker of the Stokavian dialect. The standardization of the language took place in the 19th century and the way people speak today, regardless of whether they are speakers of the Stokavian, Kajkavian or Cakavian dialects, is not the same as the way people spoke 100 or 200 years ago. Zagreb officially belongs to the area of the Kajkavian dialect, and literally only the word "kaj" and some phrases remain. It is similar with speakers of the Cakavian dialect from Split or especially Rijeka. In fact, today we all speak Stokavian with remnants of the Kajkavian or Cakavian dialect, which today can mostly be recognized as city slang. I don't distinguish between Czech and Slovak just by listening. It can seem to me that someone is speaking more comprehensibly, so if I ask him why and he tells me that it is Slovak and not Czech, then I know. I don't distinguish them automatically.
@@boogeyman4937 Slažem se. Ja kao govornik Štokavskoga, kome je maternji Štokavski mogu da kažem da sam zapazio premazanost Štokavskoga kros Čakavski i Kajkavski i takođe se slažem da su današnji Kajkavski i Čakavski daleko od drevnih Kajkavskih i Čakavskih govora. Pošto ste Kajkavac, želim riječi da vam želim da saćuvate Kajkavsk-e/i govor/dialekte. Ja razlikujem Slovački i Češki. Slovački je bliži Hrvatskom a pogovoto Kajkavskom. Naprimer Slovački Zahorsky dialekt ima 70 - 80 % istih/sličnih riječi sa Kajkavskim govorima.
@@boogeyman4937 Mislim, da se moj kolega sa Kajkavske renesanse ne bi slagao sa vama. Ipak je Kajkavski priznat kao povijesni jezik i ima kod - ako se ne varam knj. Pozdrav iz Slovenje
In croatian we also say mobilni telefon only mobitel is a slang. Also most of the slovenian words u showd can also be used in croatian but they r not that commenly used
also we can say both "poslušati" and "slušati", they mean "to listen" and "listen", and also we use both "govori" or "reči", also we mostly say "znam pjevati" "mogu/moći pjevati" not "umijem pjevati"
The purpose of the comparison is great, the introduction about the languages too. I just think you should select phases more specific of these languages and avoid having words that are international such as japonise, mobile, korean, abecedary/alphabet, pop, jazz, rock, for instance. But I love your presentations. Thank you.
this analysis referfs to very modern form of languages. few decades ago the comparison could bring queit different outputs. "says" in old Slovak is "rečie" (similar to Slovenien "reče"), "favorite" in old Slovak is "milený" (similar to Croatian "omiljeny"), "prefer" in old Slovak west-north dialects is "vyše" (same as Croatian "više"), "singer" in old Slovak dialects is "pevec" (same as Slovenien) ... in present Slovak language the translation of "Does not like ... to listen classical music" is "Nemá rád ... počúvanie klasickej hudby" (maybe similar to Slovenien "ne mara").
Slovenia and Slovakia used to be in the same country aroud 8th century. And today's Hungry and part od Croatia waere there, too. It was called Samo's Empire
Some examples of the Croatian language were read with a Serbian accent/pronunciation for some reason 🥲 (and with some archaic and/or Serbian expressions like "umijem" instead of "znam" for "knowing how to do something"). Also, a lot of the sentences could be written using synonyms or similar words (mobitel-mobilni telefon, nastava-sat, pažljivo-pozorno, vrsta glazbe-žanr) to fit either of the other languages better. The things pointed out as differences can literally be said in an alternate way, so this is just arbitrary at best.
@@Reulon Yes, even word završit does exist in Slovak as a less used synonym of ukončiť (in meaning: finish, complete, ... not just stop/end), not mentioning they would say Japonskeho jazyka too, if they decided to sound a bit more formal. Yes, the pointed out differences are mostly arbitrary and another arbitrary selection from vocabularies, still correct, meaningful, could produce opposite results.
10:38 The words "japonského jazyka" is perfectly accurate in Slovak too, but we prefer to use the shorter form "japončiny". As a Slovak I have no problem to understand both Slovenian and Croatian "Japanese language" meaning.
@@erikziak1249 And of course, the less formal single-word expression is possible also in Slovenian or Croatian - it is just question of the level of formalism used. It is more an arbitrary decision of tbe translator than a relevant feature of the patricular language.
9:17 In Slovak we have the word "počať", which means roughly "the origin of", so the Croatian sentence where "počinje" was used was understood correctly by me, as a Slovak. Začať/počať are sort of synonyms in Slovak.
Great video. Having some minor objection to some issues (which is normal) does not prevent it from being the best (and nicest) effort to explain - plain and simple - differences. My hat off to that...
@@tienshinhan2524 That is mostly because of 2nd wave of South Slavs migrating towards Italy. When west-slavs made a deal with Bavarians for help in defence against Avars which settled in the Pannonian Basin it was over for Slavic tribes in the land of Slovenia and that is when separation happened because Bavarians started to germanize the land between today's Slovenia and Slovakia/Czechia which isolated them on the south part of the alps. Same time also South Slavic migration appeared and migrated up the today's Balkan area. Today we have such a mix of dialects in the country the southern-eastern part of the country sounds way closer to Croatians with dialect compared to the north-western which to me sounds much closer to Slovak and Czech languages.
@@N4TE_94 Yes. I agree with you. Slovenes are originally West Slavic & in they're dialects still existed words that don't exist in other South Slavic languages, but exist in Czech, Moravian, Slovak language & dialects. Today they are clasified as "South" Slavic, but that's different story. Term "South" Slavic/Slavs is more or less only geographical term. Slovenes are in fact same as Czechs, Moravians, Slovaks while we Serbs are more to East Slavs & yes all Slavic languages (South, West & East) are more or less dialectal continuum. Eastern Slovene are more like Kajkavian dialects, Eastern Slovak dialects are more like Rusyn than standard Slovak or especially Czech, Eastern Serbian dialects are more like Bulgarian & Macedonian, Belarusian is something between Russian & Polish etc...
And just BTW, before the creation of Czechoslovakia in 1918, one of the proposals for the territorial organization of the new republic included a corridor that connected Slovakia with Slovenia.
Who knows. This masonic republic have created the French with their military support in the time. The West in general does like to drawn new lines on maps everywhere to eliminate former bigger territories. They themselves remain strong and intact, while their victims in provoked wars suffer constant fragmentation and colonization servitude - until today, that is. With the only exception of Russia, which will not allow them and will not let them screw up.
@eltwarg6388 And there is another aspect of the Slavic population, which I mention in another comment below, and that is evidenced by Western sources that at one time they all spoke the same language. What I myself traced in older written sources, of today's Slavic so-called nations - since it was originally one single nation, - and this was also confirmed by my acquaintances from the Balkan region, who have a deeper knowledge of real history. Linguistic fragmentation directly follows the political one, conditioned by constant Western activities and efforts (either in the past by religious wars or later by the secular politics of Anglo-Saxon domination and expansionism in "Drang nach Osten") not to allow peaceful and independent development, not only in the Slavic environment but everywhere else in the world.
11:35 - A few important additions (and corrections) here: in croatian (my) language (in the) afternoon the term "popodne" is much more often used in common speech than "poslijepodne", thus making slovenian "popoldne" more similar to croatian than slovakian "popoludni". Also, in croatian the term "mobitel" is only an abbreviation of "mobilni telefon", which is however more common in Croatian everyday speech then the longer (and more correct) term "mobilni telefon"; so here we again see a (slightly) more similarity with croatian than slovakian. 14:26 - "Pozorno" (as a sinonime for "pažljivo", carefully) is ALSO used in croatian. 18:19 - "Znam" is much more commonly used in croatian than its sinonime "umijem".
I respect the effort, but not very accurate regarding Croatian language: in Croatian "biti spreman" is also "biti pripravan"; you can use "japanskog" instead of "japanskog jezika"; "popodne" is the same thing as "posljepodne"; "mobitel" is short for "mobilni telefon"; "trenutno" is short for "u tom trenutku"; "pažljivo" is the same as "pozorno" just as "njen" is the same as "njezin"; "reče" has the exactly same meaning in Croatian and Slovene; there is word "obljubljena" in Croatian, with the same meaning as in Slovak, but it's not used for music ("najdraža" is the most popular); Croatian also has "žanr glazbe", and comparing "vrsta" and "žanr" is like mixing apples and oranges; just as comparing croatian "znam" (know how to) and croatian "umijem" (can) is... But the most hillariuos moment is when comparing words for "textbook". Croatian is "udžbenik", Slovenian is "učbenik", pronounced the same as in Croatian (Slovene does not have "dž"), but somehow the conclusion is that Slovakian "učebnica" is more similar!?!?
For Slovenians dž are two letters and yes, we pronounce them. Like in name John. Učbenik and udžbenik aren`t pronounced same way. They are different sounds. And žanr is international loanword.
If we talk about genetics, Slovenians and Slovaks belong to same haplogroups in same or very similar percentage. We are genetically almost indistinguishable, which is not the case with Croats. That proves that before Hungarian tribes came to Europe, we were one and the same.
absolutely right, and the real division might have happened as late as 18/19 century when magyar started to press hard for their nonsense. and nowadays, i feel very much a Slovene as i am a Slovak :) I go to Slovenija whenever I can and love it. would be great if we could reunite again. Also, the language is identical in about one third (another third of Slovene language is similar to czech) so this also hints we were all one group of people. and, we both have Devin castle, slovenija and slovensko, although italians occupy the one in south at the moment :)
@@kolumbijcan im talking about average Croat from all the regions together.Closest populations to Croats are Slovenes, next after them are Hungarians and Bosnians.Closest population to Slovenes are Croats, next are Hungarians and Austrians, this is what genetic studies say, not some random opinion on yt section from anonymous guy on the internet
And there's more;-) Music genre. In the video, it looks like the Slovenian and Slovak words are completely different - glasbena zvrst / žaner hudby. But in fact it's much more similar, because most Slovenians would say "žanr" instead of "zvrst", and a synonym for "glasba" is "godba" (G instead of a H in Slovak"). Which means everybody in Slovenia would understand that "žanr godbe" (which is almost identical to Slovakian), means "music genre".
@@janbolf3479 Slováci Slovenci Slovák Slovenec Slovenka Slovenka Slovenčina Slovenščina Slovenský jazyk Slovenski jezik Slovensko Slovenija Slovenská Republika Republika Slovenija 😄😄😄
@@janbolf3479áno,presne tak ,boli sme súčasťou Veľkej Slovenskej Tartarii 😊.Keby nebolo v ceste Rakúsko, veľká časť EU by bola Slovanská.Tatra ,Matra,,Fatra vrchy v Tatrách.Tarta ,Tartaria Iba výmena výmena t a r Tatra ,Tatra😊
@polyglotdreams many of the sentences provided as examples, might also be in Slovak language said almost the same way it was provided in SLO or HR language. And it still would be the right way expressed. Moreover, the Slovak language has one specific thing to point out. In the 1843, the Slovak language was harmonized (so called codification). It was done due to several vocabulary and expression differences among the Slovak regions. It was not only a harmonization but also a kind of modernisation of the language. The decisive dialect and most of the modern vocabulary, which was adopted was the central Slovak grammar and language. However, most of the ancient Slavic (Slovak) words still remained in the current vocabulary. But they are not so often used, since they are considered outdated or they are used, but in a modified form. As an example word "to hear": "slišet" in czech, "slušati" in Croatian and Serbian, "poslušati" in Slovene language IS NOT used in Slovak language ever since the harmonisation. We use the word "počuť". But there's still in Slovak language a modification of word "slišet", "slušati" in the following Slovak form: "neslýchané" (unhearable i.e. "unseen" in English), "slúchadlo" (telephone handset), "poslúchaj hudbu" (listen to the music). There are hundreds of examples like this. As might be seen, the Slovak language might sound slightly different from other Slavic languages, however it's a kind of modern language combined with the residuals of ancient Slavic words. That's also one of the reasons, why Slovaks are able much more better adapt on any Slavic languages. For sure much more easier, than other Slavic nations. Anyway, I appreciate the video. You've done a good job.
It's a bit more complicated than that. You can find words in Slovenian (if you include dialects) to make it sound very similar to Slovak or Croatian. My grandmother would never say "danes" and would always say "gnes/nes" and she was certainly not Slovak :)
I agree with you. Slovene litteral word for day is "dan/danes" while in dialects also can be "den/denes" same as in Slovak & Czech or litteral slovene word for blossom is "cvet/glava" while in dialects can be also "kvet/hlava" again like Czech & Slovak. North Eastern & Eastern Slovene (Pannonian) dialects & South West & Central, especially Zahorsky, Spiš dialects of Slovak are 90 % the same words.
I mean its not like you can say things in Slovak just the one way. In the jazz over rock example you could also say Mám radšej jazz ako rock which would be closer to Slovenian
Hey, at 13:50 can you explain how the Slovak "učebnicu" is closer to the Slovene "učbenik" than the Croatian "udžbenik" is? To me, there are a lot of shifts to get from Slovene to Slovak here, but the only difference between Slovene and Croatian in this case the consonant shift from "č" to "dž" which I would argue is a small difference. I don't mean to criticize, I'm just curious what your thought process was
@@brandonharwood9066 Yes... I agree... but word "učbenik" is Slovene litteral word & in Slovene dialects/coloquial "language" you can hear more forms than only litteral "učbenik" also in feminime form "učbenica" that is closer to Slovak. Slovak have feminime suffix & Slovene/Croatian have masculine suffix. I just want to say that litteral word doesn't mean that other forms of same word don't exist/or are not spoken. This is case in mostly of Slavic languages & their dialects.
Interesting video, thank you for this 😊 If I may add, that Slovak language is based on the dialect that used to be spoken in the central part of the country. For example, I live in the west and have learned from my grandparents the old dialect spoken in the west part of the country that is fairly close to the Slovenian language. I can actually hold a full conversation with Slovenians using the old dialect. But I can also hold a conversation with a Polish person while using our official language with a little mixture of norther dialect. Basically we all lived such an entangled history, that with little effort we can actually understand each other speaking our native languages 😁
@@tienshinhan2524 You never heard any of the Slovenian dialects, never heard of actual Slovenes speaking those dialects, so please, don't talk about things you don't know.
13:46 "bere" in Slovenian can be "understood" in Slovak, because "bere" means "take/to take". So "bere" in the context is the equivalent of "getting something" in English .Do you get it? Bereš to? But in Slovak it is not explicit in the context of a written text, while in Slovenian it seems to be case (I do not speak Slovenian). All three words učebnik/udžebnik/učebnicu are based on the root "učiť" = to learn.
15:10 Funny, as this Croatian phrasing is to my ears as Czech phrasing. Never though I would experience that, but I 100% understood. As well as Slovenian.
As someone whose mother tongue is Croatian, I must disagree with the claims of those who wrote that "Macedonian is more similar to Croatian than Slovenian". That is not even close to the truth. Few people understand Macedonian in Croatia (perhaps they understand Macedonian more in Serbia or for sure in Bulgaria, but not in Croatia), while the degree of similarity between Slovenian and Croatian lexical is at least 70 percent, if not more. Speakers of the Kajkavian dialect in Croatia understand almost 100 percent of Slovenian, and there are no significant differences between Croatian Kajkavian and Slovenian standard language. You forget that Slovenes and Croats lived in the same countries for 500 years (Habsburg Monarchy, Austria-Hungary, the first and second Yugoslavia) and that this largely determined their standard languages. To such an extent that some Croatian nationalists in the 19th and 20th centuries claimed that Slovenes were "Alpine Croats". With the Macedonians, until the creation of the first Yugoslavia in 1918, neither the Croats nor the Slovenes ever lived in the same state, Macedoians are even geographically much more distant from Croatia than Slovenia is (we are neigbours!). Croatian and Macedonian languages did not develop in the same direction and similarly as Croatian and Slovenian did, so they are neither much mutually intelligible. By the way, many words used in the video belong to archaisms and are rarely used in the Croatian language today, both standard and spoken. For example, the verb "umjeti" is extremly rarely used in Croatia, we say "znati", just like Slovenians. "Umjeti / umeti" is used more in the Serbian language. It is correct that we say "nastava", but it can also be said "pouka", although "pouka" is used more as a generic term or for instructions. There is more, but this is enough.
Ja se u nekim stvarima slažem ali u nekima ne. Ali sve ovisi o pojedincu/čovjeku razumijevanja Makedonskog ili Slovenskog. Ja sam Štokavac i više razumijem Makedonce nego Slovence, iako su nam Slovenci susjedi. Istina je da Kajkavci pa i Čakavci iz Istre ali prijesvega Kajkavci više razumiju Slovenski nego Štokavci. Sličnost Hrvatskog i Slovenskog nije 70 % (pogotovo ne više od 70 %), govorim o standardnom Hrvatskom (Štokavskom). Kajkavski možda da. Ima i nekih razlike između Kajkavskog i Slovenskog. To što smo s Slovencima bili 500 + godina u AU pa i kasnije u Jugoslaviji ne znači ništa, pogotovo u Jugoslaviji su Slovenci mnogo prilagođivali svoj jezik "lingua franca" jeziku u Jugoslaviji... takozvanom "Srpsko-Hrvatskom/Hrvatsko-Srpskom". Hrvatski i Slovenski su se razvijali slicno ali ne iz ostog korijena/isto. Slovenski je danas mnogo premazan/pod uplivom Hrvatskog/Srpskog a još više su Štokavskim premazani Kajkavski i Čakavski. Što se tiče razumijevanja Makedonskog i Slovenskog... ja Slovenski razumijem mnogo u pisanom obliku/kada je pisan ali puno manje kad ga čujem, čak i naši ljudi tamo pričaju Engleski jer se jednostavno nemogu sprazumijevati. Kada sam bio u Makedoniji (mnogo puta) bez ikakvog problema sam ih sve razumio... Na Slovenskom rijec "znati" nije istovjetna kao "znati" na Hrvatskom... na Slovenskom se kaže "vedeti" isto kao na Slovačkom i Češkom, Poljskom. "Pouk/a" ili "viuk/a" je od "poučenje". Hrvatski/Srpski/Srpsko-Hrvatski je sličniji Slovenskom u pogledu padeža ali ne u potpunosti (dijelimicno), dok je slican Makedonskom u pogledu slicnijih riječi. Naprimer meni se ponekad cini da je "novo-Štokavski" nešto između Slovenskog sa Zapada i Bugarskog i Makedonskog sa Istoka, kao nekakav most između ova tri... ako gledamo da smo u sredini između ova tri naroda mi Hrvati, Bošnjaci, Crnogorci i Srbi ali takođe treba znati da ima u nekim stvarima vise sličnosti Slovenskog s zapadne strane sa Bugarskim i Makedonskim s istočne strane... sličnosti koje su več odavno nestale iz "novo-Štokavskog". Kako god okrenes... sve ovisi o pojedincu... naprimer vi vise razumijete Slovenski ali ja osobno Makedonce mnogo vise razumijem. Mislim da bi to potvrdila većina govornika "novo-Štokavskog".
@@tienshinhan2524Dijelimo ogroman zajednički leksik sa slovenskim, od vlaka, hvala, postaja, zemljovid, do kruha i plina. Probajte prevesti te elementarne riječi na makedonski... voz, gas, leb...
@@atisalvaro Da, točno slažem se. Ali stanica se koristi i kod nas. Hrvatska varijanta ima migraciju prema Slovenskom a Srpska varijanta prema Makedonskom. Ali isto tako imamo ogroman zajednički (Štokavski) leksik sa Makedonskim i Bugarskim: granica, prozor, što, gušter, godina, Isus, itd...
@@tienshinhan2524 Kakvu migraciju?! Kakve variante?! Hrvatski jezik nije nicija varianta. Jugoslavija je mrtva, promaseni pokus, a s njom i pokusaj stvaranja nadnacionalnog jezika
@@atisalvaro Mislio sam na riječi. Ok, Hrvatski jezik ima jezičku migraciju ka Slovenskom a Srpski jezik ka Makedonskom. Ostale što ste napisale sve potpisujem.
Hi, I enyojed your video. Unfortunately, you mixed or misspeled most of the terms in the comparison table. Don't worry, you just mide a fine video about exactly that 😊 P.S. I am Slovenian speaker, working with Slovaks,, I had a comic book published in Slovak language, and while producing the adaptation, we joked all the time about the similarities and differences.🎉
10:36 You can use "japonského jazyka" instead of "japončiny" in Slovak as well. 16:35 You can rephrase the Slovak sentence to match the other languages (word by word): - similar to Croatian: "Viac ľúbim jazzovú hudbu od rockovej hudby." - similar to Slovenian: "Ja mám radšej jazzovú hudbu ako rockovú hudbu." 17:08 The Slovak word and the Slovenian word are etymologically related.
@MiralemMehanovic in Slovakia we have word VIEM, POZNÁM. Word ZNAM is used in one of the Slovak dialects. And in Czech language are all 3 words: UMÍM, ZNÁM, VÍM - and all similar- with slight different meaning - same as you mentioned in Bosnia. I mention Czech language, because in Slovakia it is our second most frequently used language (not for talking, but we still read plenty in Czech, watching Czech movies... youtubers... ) - so we understand all 3 words.
Good job, bro, thx for that. It could be funny to make some video about false friends between these languages. I know this funny one: Slovakian "fúkať" (= to blow) is impolite for Slovenians (= having sex with somebody else)... while Slovenian "pichat" can have the same unpolite meaning in Slovakian and Czech languages. But also "to sting" in common use. 😂 In addition, as many ppl wrote before me, it is possible to combine different inflections of the same word and you can get closer to the same meaning. I have Czech roots, living in Slovakia, so I can combine all together. If you had any questions, just let me know. I love comparing languages. ❤
Horváth is one of the most common surnames in Slovakia. That is because Slovakia is actually the original Horvatska - Hrvatska - Croatia. Today's Hrvatska is Crvena Hrvatska, and Slovakia is Bijela Hrvatska. Slovenija je danas etnički miks sa izmišljenom povijesti.
The dual number (just for two items) is also present in two sorbian languages (upper and lower) in germany. Besides: remnants of dual are slavic names for eyes and ears (the Proper Plural would be : okA and uXa) + in Polish ręce (originally the dual form used instead of the plural - ręki)
Main point is full dual form of nouns, verbs, pronouns and adjectives. Of coirse, it is present in Slovene, upper and lower Sorbian (Lužiška Srbščina) languages and in Sanskrit.
The Croatian speaker has a strong Bosnian accent, that is particularly evident in the (weird for Croatia) pronounciation of vocals, Č and DŽ that are "stronger" than in Croatia (abecEdu instead of abecedu) . That way the official štokavian Croatian sounds a bit further from Slovenian than it typically.
Also, for "reading" in Slovenian we have two equaly and universaly understandable words - "brati - bere" and "čitati - čita" (similar to Croatian and Slovakian). While "čitati" is not used in everyday speach, everybody understand it. Not so long ago (50 years) it was used more frequently, for example a primary school grammar book was officially called "čitanka", while now it is "berilo".
Hi, thank you for the great video, great job :) I would like to add one thing. I believe that we are missing one important historical parameter here. Slovenes were originally from a different wave of Slavic tribes than Croats and Serbs. Slovenes are widely considered to be South Slavic, but I don't think it's historically accurate (even though it's true nowadays). In the 7th and 8th centuries, their ancestors were situated between the South and West Slavic tribes. In the "Conversio Bagoariorum et Carantanorum" (about the conversion of the Corinthians), you can find interesting information about the Slovene ancestors who were living in what is now northern Slovenia and southern Austria. The German element later prevailed in Austria, dividing the Slovak (Nitran) and Slovene (Carinthian) populations. However, in Burgenland (a federal state of Austria), there are still Slovene settlements (mostly by ancestry today), very close to Slovak settlements on the other side of the Danube. So, until the 11th century, Slavic populations were widespread from Moravia to Istria. Only when the German element prevailed did Slovenes become separated from Western Slavic tribes/nations, and they began to gravitate towards the South Slavic direction. Hello from Slovakia and thank you again :)
You are completely right about it. Slavs asked help from Bavarians to defend the land from Avars and they under Charlemagne demanded to take over, convert and germanize the land. Which separated the Tribes and the language. Later a new wave of South Slavs started to appear that came from the Balkan area and populated mostly the southern part of Slovenia. The interesting part for me is that some Slovene dialects from the northern and a bit western parts of the country that were always a bit isolated sound almost identical to Slovak and Czech especially in how they pronounce words. It's a shame we lost contact with each other because I think there are more similarities between our nations than we want to admit.
@@N4TE_94 last year after many summer vacations spent in Croatia we decided to explore Julijske Alpe (from Kranjska Gora). I was surprised how similar the language is to my native slovenčina/Slovak l. Much closer than Croatian (which is also understandable pretty easily). I was speaking Slovak most of the time, sometimes using English just to specify the word. There wasn't a problem having conversations with natives using our mother tongues. I bet the languages sound the same for other foreigners visiting Slovenia, because many times I was asked to read the labels in the shops (bottles of mineral water and sot drinks mostly) and translate it for them. Fun fact - I was asked the same thing by my husband and sons since they didn't understand :-D (I guess they are just too lazy to try)
Slovenian is a dialect of Kajkavian. Prekmurje used to be a part of Archdiocese of Zagreb for years, and even today eastern "Slovenian" sounds like Kajkavian, while standard "Slovenian" phonetically sounds like Croatian literary. Kajkavians never inverted reading numbers (41: Croatian lit.: četrdeset i jedan, Croatian kajk.: četrset i jen Slovenian: ena in štirideset), Kajkavians never use the following to bind the words like Slovenians do: kjer, oz, ko, kar, ampak, vendar, ali, kot, tudi, sicer, torej... Not to mention words like beseda, otrok, fantje or rdeče... Greetings from Croatian Međimurje, the seat of Croatian rulers Zrinski's. th-cam.com/video/-8fD8u6IuCA/w-d-xo.html th-cam.com/video/3Xlv-QisrqA/w-d-xo.htmlsi=9QYEkdJWM7rjlMRR
@@unincorner4277 All of those words that you mention are Slovene litteral words not dialectal words just like in many dialects of any Slavic language. Slovene copy reading of numbers from German (from right to left) but not all numbers are read from right to left how I know.
The question article we never really use, we just say "Si pripravljen?". I'm starting to suspect that standard literary Slovenian is artificially designed to look more south Slavic.
Kajkavian should be counted among Slovene dialects, Sthokavian was originaly a Bosnian and Serbian dialectical group and Chakavian is a true Croatian dialectical group. Slovenian is in reality a mix of West and South Slavic, but because of historical reasons became closer to the South Slavic. Edit: ofcourse dialects and languages influence each other, so there are cases of mixed Chakavian-Kajkavian dialects as well for example (northern Istria).
Not true, thats not hot languages work. They are not bound to todays idea of nationality. Kaj is west/south slavic word, not owned by Slovenes. In polish dialects it can also mean "where". Sthokavian wasnt originaly Bosnian or Serbian, it originated from "Czo" and "Czto" from Old Church Slavonic, as a softer sound "Szto" and "Szo" (softening being human language thing where humans prefere open soft sounds at the begining of words and kard short at the end). And of course people in todays Croatia spoke "szo/szto" independent of any 1991 Serbian rule book. But what ur are confusing it with is what dialect was taken as a medium for Yugo, it was a South Bosnian, where majority Croats lived and still do. There people spoke ("Szto" and "Bjelo") and it was chosen as it is more understandable to west Croats and east Makedonians. But indepenent from that, many Croats already spoke like that and Serbs also. Language doesnt care about borders.
@@TooGumbica Language is shaped by history (in a sense). I didn't say anything about borders or Poland, and clearly you don't know the history of the region, or you have your own view of it.
Here is something that I'd like to add to the comparison of these languages that I think is kind of interesting. I am semi-fluent in Slovenian. My Slovenian is moderately good for someone who grew up outside of Slovenia with Slovenian parents. What is kind of unusual is that despite the fact that the South Slavic and West Slavic countries are grouped together geographically, but with the two groups being separated by Austria and Hungary, Slovenian, spoken in the South Slavic region, to my ear sounds in some ways more like Czech and Slovak than it does to Croatian or the remaining South Slavic languages. What I mean by this is the sound or phonology of the languages, and not the similarity or difference in vocabulary. Croatian and Serbian are often lumped together as the one language of Serbo-Croatian, but of course with distinct dialects. To me Bosnian and Macedonian sound similar to Serbo-Croatian. The structure of Macedonian is fairly different though, one difference being that Macedonian is absent of case inflection that most Slavic languages posess. Bulgarian is supposed to be similar to Macedonian. To my ear, Serbo-Croatian and the other South Slavic languages have a lower pitched sound, probably the result of a greater tendency to pharyngealization, which means the articulation tends to be weighted back more towards the throat, which is to say that the back part of the mouth is narrowed to a greater extent during speech. Standard Slovenian, at least, is spoken with less pharyngealization and carries a somewhat higher pitched sound, similar to Czech and Slovak. There also is this curious difference between Slovenian and Serb-Croatian in which syllable stress positioning is often reversed between the two languages. Very often, if syllable stress is more towards one end of the word in Slovenian, it will be at the opposite end in the same word if it is found in Serbo-Croatian. Because of this, and the overall different levels of pharyngealizations and pitch you get between the two languages, these two languages have pretty distinct and different sound qualities and flavors, at least as they sound to me. This divergence in sound quality I sometimes describe as being a bit like the difference between a Viennese Waltz or Bach Fugue, versus a tango; with Slovenian, Czech, and Slovak sounding more like a Viennese Waltz, while Serbo-Croatian and other South Slavic languages having a sound that is a bit more like a tango (or maybe a Greek Nisiotika or Rebetiko), at least in the case of the standard varieties of these languages. On the other hand, phonologically, standard Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian are similar in that they largely adhere to the use of the "pure vowels": a, e, i, o, and u, as in standard Italian and Spanish. In contrast, standard Czech and Slovak, from what I can tell with limited knowledge of these languages, is that they have a greater range of vowels going beyond the basic 5 of the pure vowels. Part of the reason for Slovenian having a sound that is a bit more like that of Czech and Slovak could possibly have something to do with Slovenia, Czechia, and Slovakia having a cultural history more intertwined with German speaking countries than other Slavic countries. Slovenia, Czechia, and Slovakia are all adjacent German speaking areas. Poland is also adjacent Germany. Polish too seems to be less pharyngealized having a higher pitched sound like Czech, Slovak, and Slovenian. Polish, though, seems to have particularly large amounts of sh and ch sounds and variations of these sounds, giving it a unique sound, that I managed to confuse with Russian on one occasion. Maybe that Polish-origin plumber had an unusual dialect. I'm not that familiar with some of these languages or their dialects. The South Slavic countries other than Slovenia are more in the Balkan region and the Balkan linguistic area. Croatia, and to some extent Serbia, have had more cultural overlap with Hungary. The East Slavic languages of Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarus, again have more pharyngealization going on, and generally have a lower pitch quality, but with a sound that's different from South Slavic languages. The East Slavic languages also have more extensive use of the schwa sound, and may have a bit more of a nasal sound. I can't differentiate between Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarus. the word Slovenian The language, person reference, and adjective "Slovenian" has as a synonym, "Slovene". The official pronunciation of Slovenian is /sloʊˈvinjən/, but I and possibly other Slovenians may find /sloʊˈveɪnjən/ preferable, since the second pronunciation is more Slovenian sounding. Slovene is pronounced /ˈsloʊvin/. Slovene seems to be the almost-more-official-and-acceptable form in English, but to a Slovenian, the word "Slovene" may sound a bit weird. If you’re an English speaking Slovenian, "Slovene" and "Slovenian", pronounced /sloʊˈvinjən/, will sound oddly a bit like the English word "wiener". Growing up my mother called "wieners", "vinartse", which I presume is a Slovenianization of "wieners".
@@anthonykranjc4379 Slovens are the nearest group to Slovaks in the given direction, just with that gap filled with "intruders' - the area in between called Austria is Germanized and Hungary is Magyarized. It is plausible there was a continuum of dialects between the two Slavic groups originally, but these groups were never direct neighbors and the assimilated area represents a bridge on ruins for centuries.
@@eltwarg6388 That's an interesting point that I was sort of aware of but which I didn't mention anything about. geography On a map, it's a bit hard to say if Czechia or Slovakia is closer to Slovenia. They're both at a similar distance, but more of Czechia as a whole is closer to Slovenia. Alpine pre Magyar and German period
Before the Magyars moved into the Pannonian area in 896 CE, and the Germans pushed and wedged into the area of Austria, that whole Alpine area seems to have been inhabited by Slavic peoples going back to maybe the 5 to 6 hundreds. So, the Slavs in the entire Alpine area that today comprises Czechia, Slovakia, and Slovenia and areas in between would have been occupied by Slavic tribes speaking a similar Slavic language (with possibly one or two kingdoms arising).
Slovenia and two migratory waves According to some sources, the people of Slovenia are descendants of possibly two major Slavic migration waves: one coming from the north through the Alpine region, and another coming up from the south through the Balkans. The migration waves coming from the north would presumably have included the ancestors of the Czechs and Slovaks. Those Alpine Slavic migrations may or may not have migrated much further south into Croatia and the Balkans. Croatian ethnogenesis Croatian ethnogenesis, appears to be quite a complex and many theoried affair. One theory floating out there that I can no longer find and which I may not be remembering correctly, posits that Croatia underwent a process similar to Bulgaria. In the case of Croatia, Slavs were the predominant settlers in Croatia. Then a second group invaded, possible a Turkic group, who though less in number were the more powerful and formed the elite. Slavs were greater in numbers and assimilated the other group. A Slavic language came to predominate. Bulgaria In the case of Bulgaria and Bulgarians, the Turkic Bulgars invaded the Slavic inhabited area of Bulgaria around 680 CE, became the dominant elite class in a Slav majority polity, became assimilated by the Slavic language and culture, with a Slavic language eventually becoming predominant. other inflluences The Slavs that migrated into the Balkans would also have mixed with the earlier Illyrian peoples. Their languages conceivably could have had some influence on the Slavic languages of the Balkans (if they were still speaking it), and possibly more so on the languages further south and west in the Balkans. Roman speaking Romans in the area would also have been assimilated, as well as other groups such as Goths. Slovenian, Czech, Slovak link So for these reasons, Slovenian, despite being geographically closer to Croatia and closest to Croatian vocabulary-wise, so they say, Slovenian would have this other historical link to the other Slavic Alpine Slavs. These reasons may explain why Slovenian phonologically in some ways seems closer to Czech and Slovak, and maybe even Polish. Apparently, Slovenian is sometimes more like Czech and/or Slovak with regards to vocabulary. Germanic influence Proximity to German speaking areas then may or may not have played a role in the lesser pharyngealization and higher overall pitch of the Slavic languages in areas that are adjacent to German speaking regions (Slovenia, Czechia, Slovakia, Poland). source
This pharyngealization and pitch pattern in Slavic languages is entirely from my own observation through acquaintance with these languages, which is fairly limited beyond Slovenian, and is not really extensive with Serbo-Croatian. I suppose that you don't have to be fluent in a language to get a good idea of what it sounds like. FREQUENCY OF /J/ AND PALATALIZATION Another pattern I've noticed, for starters at least between Slovenian and Croatian, is a greater tendency for Croatian to include the /j/ sound in words. example: river = reka (Slovenian) = rijeka (Croatian) = rijeka (Bosnian) = rijeka (Serbian: Ljekavian dialect) = reka (Serbian: Ekavian dialect) The other thing that I've noticed that bears some similarity to this pattern, is that in Russian, and presumably also Ukrainian and Belarus, you also get more inclusion of /j/ in words, as well as more palatalization, which is the altering of consonants and vowels to have more of a secondary /j/ articulation that produces more of a /j/ sound. HIGH-LOW PITCH SLAVIC PATTERN MODEL Here, I'm going to throw out a model on a possible pattern in Slavic languages. group classifications I propose a model consisting of two groups, a pattern that will apply largely to the standard form of these languages : - high pitch Slavic languages - low pitch Slavic languages language distribution - high pitch Slavic languages Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian - low pitch Slavic languages Russian, Ukrainian, Belarus, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, Bosnian, Croatian description - high pitch languages The high pitch Slavic languages tend to exhibit a somewhat higher overall pitch because of articulation being weighted more forward, meaning less palatalization, velarization, and pharyngealization. What this means is that the back of the mouth and throat tend to be more open giving more articulation weight forward in the mouth and creating on overall higher pitch sound. From what I understand of choir singing, the opening of the back of the mouth and throat gets encouraged to be more open to create more open and higher pitched (maybe sonorous) vowel sounds. - low pitch languages The low pitch Slavic languages tend to exhibit a somewhat lower overall pitch because of articulation being weighted more back into the mouth and throat. This happens because there is more palatalization, velarization, and pharyngealization which involves the back of the mouth and throat being made more narrow. OTHER PATTERNS There are a few other patterns that I've noticed that complement or overlap the high-low pitch pattern. pure vowels Standard Slovenian, Croatian, Serbian, and presumably Bosnian, I believe tend to stick to the use of the pure vowels, as they are sometimes called. /ɑ, e, i, ɔ, u/ This is similar to standard Italian and Spanish. To what extent this applies to Macedonian and Bulgarian, I don't know exactly. This tendency, again, applies to the standard forms of these languages and can stray considerably from this for non-standard forms. non-pure and centralized vowels From what I can tell, the standard forms of Western Slavic languages utilize a greater range of vowel types than do the northern Southern Slavic languages, going beyond the basic pure vowels and include more centralized vowels, including vowels such as /ɪ, ʌ, ʊ/ as well as the schwa /ə/. I would guess that non-standard dialects would often utilize even a greater range of vowels. Similarly, the standard forms of Eastern Slavic languages, Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarus, similarly utilize a wider range of vowels and include considerable use of the centralized vowels. The combination of considerable use of palatalization, velarization, and pharyngealization that creates an overall lower pitch, and then the extensive use of centralized vowels, can give the Eastern Slavic languages almost a bit more of what might be described as a twangy and nasal sound relative some of the other Slavic languages. /j/ frequency Going back to /j/ frequency. There may be a tendency for the high pitch Slavic languages to utilize the /j/ sound less in words, and the low pitch Slavic languages to utilize more of the /j/ sound in words. I'm fairly certain of this being the case with Slovenian and Croatian, in which the high pitch mode Slovenian uses less /j/ in words, and low pitch mode Croatian uses more /j/ sounds. I would assume that Serbian is similar to Croatian, but I'm not certain for all of its dialects. My guess would be that low pitch mode Macedonian and Bulgarian might also tend to more /j/ sounds, but I'm not familiar enough with these languages to say for certain. From what I can tell of the high pitch mode Western Slavic languages of Czech, Slovak, and Polish, they may utilize the /j/ to a lesser degree like Slovenian. That's how it can seem, but I'm not sure. Then with the lower pitch mode languages of Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarus, I believe that they use quite a bit of the /j/ as well as palatalization. So, overall, there may be a tendency for low pitch mode Slavic languages to include more of the /j/ sound in words, and for the high pitch mode Slavic languages to include less of the /j/ sound in words. I'd have to have more familiarity with these languages than I currently do to say for certain. So, this is a theory and some pattern ideas that I've observed and more recently formulated. Maybe I should summarize into a concise form this entire comment thread and put it into an entirely different comment. Comment fields have size limitations, though.
@@anthonykranjc4379 Well, in Croatian outside of the standard language, both reka and rika would be fine for the word rijeka. Even the city of Rijeka in Croatia, although being officially called Rijeka, is often called Reka and Rika by the locals. Croatian Kajkavian language is also very similar to Slovene.
Three ways - exaples for both sexes: Litteraly/standard language: Ali si pripravljen/a? Colloquial: A'si pripravljen/a or shorter also correct, ommiting Ali(A') Si pripravljen/a? BTW, Croatian spreman/spremna
Actually, "reče" is wrong there in Slovenian, that's the perfective "says", the correct imperfective is "govori" or "pravi". Also, in Croatian, "kaže" is also acceptable in place of "govori".
@@polyglotdreams It's not closest to some dialect of Slovenian, it's the eastern Slovenian dialect, identical to that spoken in Ormoz or in Prlekija, ie. eastern Styria (east-southern Styria if we consider the whole of Styria as it was under the Habsburgs). Even the Croatian linguists who have no political agenda (such a case is Snjezana Kordic in her famous book Jezik i nationalizam) recognize this fact. Kajkavian is not a Croatian dialect, it's considered Croatian only because of the influence of the Bischoftum Agram (the bishopric of Zagreb) and 200 years of clerical campaigning for the Croatian name among the KAjkavians, and because of the political will of the polit-Croatians to assimilate the Slovenians in their territories.
@@zalozbaignis2229 You have a serious problem with nationalism. I don't know exactly what type he is, but it sounds like you are under the influence of "Serbs all and everywhere". I am Chakavian and I understand 95% of the Kajkavian dialect, while I barely understand 50% of Slovenian. As far as Serbian and Croatian are concerned, all the oldest records, all literary works and dictionaries are from the territory of Croatia. Name me at least one work from the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries for which the attribution is in Serbian!? The names "Ilirski", "slovinski" or Croatian were used as synonyms, but not Serbian.
@@soksb3766 How then do the Kajkavians understand us when we speak Slovenian, accept that the Kajkavians are Slovenians but were politically forced to be Croats
Nice video. Here are some inputs regarding Croatian. Hardly anyone would say "Ja umijem pjevati" for "I can sing". Most people would say "Ja znam pjevati" or in most cases just "Znam pjevati". Also, "njen/njezin" are interchangeable in Croatian. In Mediterranean parts of the country, people will predominantly say "4 popodne" rather than "4 poslijepodne" for "4 pm". All these make similarities to Slovenian even greater.
I am not a linguist, but i speak fluent slovenian and croatian and i have pretty good understanding of czech and slovak languges. As i was learning czech i came to realize that slovenian is basically a west slavic language (in it’s core) that was heavily influenced by croatian language. I think this is pretty clear to anyone that speaks all of these languages. Ofcourse, if you are a nationalist and don’t care about languages, then you can make up other stories.
Slavenski jezici su bili spojeni dok ih nisu razdvojili Mađari, kad su Mađari stigli onda se jednostavno od Austrije do Rumunjske stvorio pojas neslavenskih jezika i Slavenski jezici su se odvojili unatoč tome svi su donekle slični i dalje s tim da je naprimjer Poljski najrazličitiji naspram Južnoslavenskih dok su Slovački i Češki ostali sličniji kad su zapadnoslavenski jezici u pitanju.
I've been reading Croatian newspapers from before WW 1 era(around 1910) and Croatian at that time was much closer to Slovenian language than it is today.It tilted towards Serbian during Yugoslav period.
Slovak equivalent of : Ali, Li, is : Či , but we use it a little bit differently. We also have " Kázať " but it has the meaning : give an order, or giveing a speach. The eastern slovak dialect is even more simmilar to Slovinian. exp. : Takoj,Znam, is the same.
Slovenčina is Slovak, Slovenščina is Slovene. Slovensko is the same in both! Slovinsko is from Czech if i remember correctly. Slovene was historically closer to Slovak and Czech (we're talking about 1000+ years ago), now it's somewhere in between serbo-croatian and slovak (sounds like slovak but not really).
Slovensko means Slovakia in both Slovak and Czech. Slovenija means Slovenia in their language. And Slovinsko is Slovenia in Slovak and Czech. A bit confusing, I admit😅
Slovenes took Serbo-Croatian Gaj's Alphabet in 19. century & huge words from Yugoslav era. I am Serb & for my Slovene is like "South-Slavicized/Serbo-Croatized" West Slavic.
@@tienshinhan2524 Not sure about _should_ but who knows what the language will look like in the future. Speaking of these, do you actually use Њ and Љ or are they written separately?
I think that a good idea will be a video about macedonian language, and if those language is closer to bulgarian or serbian. Macedonian has a grammar more similar to bulgarian and torlac dialects, but vocabulary more similar to serbian. So I consise4 a video about those topic would be very interesting.
FYI: Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin are all marginally different dialects of the same language, which during Jugoslavia used to be called Serbocroatian. Calling this language with these nation-based names is like calling English Australian, USA-ian, Canadian, etc. It may be confusing to the people who don't speak this language, but to all of us who know it, we also know that this name-calling is simply nationalistic rhetoric/bullshit.
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9:53 but "Začínajú" (Slovak) is plural. That sentence should have been more correctly as follows: "Vyučovanie (or "Výučba" alternatively "Hodina") nemeckého jazyka začne dnes". Which is already a bit closer to both Slovenian and Croatian
Karantanija je bila samo del slovenskiih dežel, čeprav največji del. Zastava pa bi morala biti rdeče-modra-rumena. Te barve niso izvirale iz pan Slovanskih barv, temveč barv grba vojvodine Kranjske. Ko so Kranjski vojaki rešili cesarja v bitki s Turki, jim je v zahvalo dal zlato barvo v grb, katere pa naši politiki niso zmogli dati v zastavo kot rumena barva. Zadnji Habsburški cesar je hotel ta dekret ukiniti, pa ga je prehitela prva svetovna vojna. 🙂 Tako bi imeli unikatno zastavo, ki se ne bi zamenjevala z drugimi.
You totally messed up not just the pronunciations (which would've been forgivable) but even the spelling, in the very first minute of the into. Why should anyone trust you in anything that follows?
it all dates back to the Avar empire. The Slavic population of Central Europe came with the Avars. They later freed themselves from their Avar overlords with help from different outside groups. The Slovenes asked the Bavarians (Austrians) for help and than stayed for centuries under Austrian rule, while the Slovaks gained independence from the Avars with Frankish help and the Croatians with Byzantine help, only to fall both under Hungarian rule shortly after and staying with Hungary for almost 1000 years. Croatian sounds noticeably different from Slovenian and Slovakian because it developed further to the South, respectively the dialects on which the Croatian Standard language is based. There was a migration from South to North during the 15th and 16th century, when many Southern Croats fled from the Ottoman threat and on their dialect modern Standard Croatian is mostly based. Therefore some Northern Croatian dialects are closer to Slovenian than the Croatian standard language.
I do not agree in several cases - for me Slovak and Slovenian forms are often more similar- danes form me is more like dnes than danas, when you say dnes i can here mute a there d'(a)nes
I agree with you. I am Serb. Slovene original word for "day/today" is "den/denes", with "e" not "a". In Yugoslavia Slovene language was adapted to Serbo-Croatian, as Yugoslav "Lingua Franca" language. In Slovene dialects "day/today" is still "den/denes". For example week is still "teden" & not "tedan".
14:12 Word order is quite flexible in Slovak language. There are many valid combinations (not all combinations are valid), where the word order is used to emphasize importance on what is being said.
We really cant be angry at Americans about confusing Slovenia and Slovakia. Not a bit
BUT if a EU member state confuse this !!! It is unforgivable
It is funny when Italians confuse this, despite they have a border with Slovenia..
@@Anton_Danylchenko That is just outrageous . Having border with country and still .... not even that but being defacto in one federation ( even if unofficially it is not) and confuse it is beyond American stupidity. I know there is still Latvia and Lithuania and they are confused as well. But nobody confusing Estonia with Finland or Spain with France ( even though ...Americans can still do it) Sometimes Belgium with Netherland still happening .
@@avitalsheva There are simply many people who just do not learn geography or history. Sadly many of them became rich scumbags and, as a result, influential politicians.
How many people in Slovakia and in Slovenia can show on the map correctly the EU members Latvia, Lituania and Estonia?:)
@@katarinakatarinova1306this is common knowledge. At least here in Slovenia so most people should know that.
Love my Slovenian brother from Slovakia
Ok, come to visit our Slovenski Kras 😄 and a little village called Tatre, you can find it on google map. 😉😄
Till now in Slovakia the name for a Slovak woman is 'Slovenka' . It means that the original name for a Slovak man was not 'Slovak' but 'Sloven'. Also the name of Slovakia in slovak language is 'Slovensko'.
@@jankotrik9984 a to kedy bol Slovak "Sloven"??
Raz takto na dovci v Dubrovniku, sme si sadli pre veceri s parom zo Slovinska. Napadlo nam, ze by sme mohli skusit nase rodne jazyky. Skusili sme. Velmi rychlo sme sa vsetci styria vratili k anglictine...
@@rayfighter Slovo "Slovák" sa prvý raz spomína v českých a poľských kronikách asi od konca 13. storočia. Bolo to v tom období slovo, ktorým Západný Slovania mysleli všetkých Slovanov. Pre Slovanov žijúcich v tom období na dnešnom území Slovenska to bolo cudzie slovo a samých seba nazývali "Sloväni". Preto je zvláštne, že tento exonym prebrali neskôr ako pomenovanie svojho etnika. A aj preto je slovo "Slovák" v slovenčine osamotené. Žiadne iné slovo v slovenčine nie je z tohto slovného základu odvodené. Naopak existuje vo veľa cudzích slovanských jazykoch ako označenie našej krajiny a jazyka. Naše slová ako "slovenčina", "Slovenka", "Slovensko" - sú odvodené zo starého autentického základu - "Sloven-". Takže podľa správnosti by sme sa mali volať "Slovenci".
@@stipostipo2051 no, to je potom ale zaujimave, ze sa tak spokojne sami seba identifikujeme nespravne. Ze?
The reason why Slovakia and Slovenia have confusingly similar names is that they both kept the Proto-Slavic endonym.
Ancestors of both: Slovaks (Principality of Nitra) and Slovenes (Principality of Carantania (probably divided in smaller polities for a few times), possibly Carniola and Lower Pannonia - with a a Moravian Prince) had their own states, but they were destroyed to soon and their teritory was divided, colonized and assimilated by their neighbors, especially Germans and Hungarians. The names and identities of those states did not have a chance to stick and they had to later come up with another name. New names indicates that they are Slavs, but connection with older names is gone. Ancestors of Slovenes, Czechs and Slovaks used to be neighbors.
@@valentintapata2268interesting
Interesting... thanks
In case of Slovenes the name 'Slovenci' meant primarily 'slavic speakers' and started to be used gradually as ethnonym only since rise of Protestantism in late 16th century. People in parts of Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia used the term 'Slovinci' for themselves with the same intention until the 20th century.
@@valentintapata2268 The "assimilation", at least in Hungary, took place much (basically some 800 years) later than most people think. The opinion that nomads still living in tents in the 11th century (i. e. Hungarians) somehow miraculously, right after their arrival, replaced the previous highly civilized population, living in most of Europe at that time (and even today), is a nice non-sensical fairly tale spread by some Hungarian nationalists and having no support in data.
and there I am, a Slovak girl learning Croatian and Slovenian :D both of these countries feels like home to me
It's a great feeling.
Slovaks, Croats and Slovenes all share same ancestors anyways.If there was no hunnic invasion in central and eastern europe durring middle ages, i think does three countries would form 1 country today
9:42 The proper translation of the Slovene to Slovak would be: "Hodina (or Výuka) nemeckého jazyka sa začne dnes." You see how much closer it is to the Slovene original. The word "výuka" is much closer to the Slovenian "Pouk", and I can see a common root there. Most differences between Slavic languages can be attributed to synonyms and archaisms of any specific language.
If you are good with archaisms then its so much easier to understand most of Slavic languages. Except russian :)
😂
when you understand that vy- and po- are just morphemes that are not that important, and just take the root, in this case -uk- (učenje, učiti, naučiti, poučiti, nauka, pouka...) it becomes much easier to decipher other Slavic languages. We have much in common.
@MiralemMehanovic What about Herzegovian language?
@MiralemMehanovic Ja sam živio u Sloveniji i mogu da kažem da se u Severnim i Severo-Zapadnim dijalektima koristi "vi-" umesto književnog "iz-" ... primerice: Slovenački književni: izbrati, izteči, izhod, izmed, dijalektno: vibrati, vitečt, vihuod, vimed i tako dalje. A to koriste Zapadni i Istočni Sloveni (Ukrajinci i Belorusi). Slovenci, Česi, Slovaci, Rusi i ostali još uvjek ćuvaju odnosno imaju staro-Slavenski "v" umjesto "u". Ponekad mi se čini da su ti jezici kao arhaički Bosanski/Srpski...
Interesting video
I am from Ukraine and in Ukrainian we often have mentioned Slovak and Slovenian words as synonyms. E.g. we have both zaveršyty and skinčyty, both počaty and začaty (in some dialects); we have both slukhaty (for listen) and počuty (for hear) and počuvaty (for feel oneself); we have both hovoryt and reče (in some dialects); we have umity/vmity (can), mohty (can). znaty (know) and vidaty (know).
I guess in fact all mentioned roots are present in Slovak and Slovenian but some of them are treated as obsolete or rarely used, while others became commonly used and some words changed their meanings. I guess some of mentioned words have to be synonyms also in Slovak and Slovenian. So you can say the same sentence in Slovenian in a way it will look like Croatian and then say the same sentence using synonyms in a way it will look like Slovak. That is the problem of all comparisons.
Slovenian certainly share part of lexics and features with Croatian and another part of lexics and features with Slovak. It is not a surprise since Slovenians lived between Croats and Slovaks in the times when Hungarians did not came to Europe yet.
Thanks for sharing that.
This is all Slovenian words, no Slovak.
Dveri for doors used in Slovenia-Prekmurje region and Duri elsewhere. Ukraininas say same for doors. Dveri. Similarity with Croatian-kaikavian is because kaikavian is a Slovene language dialect.
Hi, native Croatian speaker here. I'm gonna correct some of these things cuz i noticed some mistakes
8:12 sat is more common among students, only teachers say nastava. Even then from my personal experience they use sat more
9:12 an actual native would say "nastava njemačkog počinje danas" while it is correct as well we don't specify it's a language, that's like saying "the class of the German language starts today" it's just not that common to say it like that
10:09 like German you don't usually specify it's a language after, also you can say popodne as well you can specify it's after noon with poslijepodne if u want but yeah
Also natives shorten četiri to just četri
11:55 it ain't just Slovak we don't either😭 just say "si spreman?" In daily conversation
12:47 we use mobilni telefon it's the full name in Croatian but just mobitel is more common
14:07 you can use poslušaj too but it's less common
15:36 you can say "jel piše korejsku abecedu?" It's the same thing but shorter
18:18 tell me who actually says that?- it's more common to say "ja mogu dobro pjevati" (i can song well) personally I've never heard anyone say "ja umijem prevati" cuz "umijem" is more common in the context of washing your face-
19:32 E in Croatian NEVER makes the same sound as i, it's prEsley not prIsley
That's about it hope i helped
Thanks for your input.
Using 'japonščina' instead of 'japonski jezik' and 'ure' (hours, hodiny) instead of 'pouk' (lecture) would make slovenian and slovakian even more similar
There is also poduka in Croatian, but it's not used for the school classed. For instance you go to poduka in car driving, or lace making, or extra math hours privately.
Slovak not Slovakian, it's derived from the official name of the country which is Slovak Republic not Slovakia.
@@Phobos_Nyx The country is called Slovakia in English. Repubblica Italiana>Italy, Republica Portuguesa>Portugal, Republique Francaise>France. Although they all call themselves Adjectif+Republic, it translates with a simple names. Slovenska Republika>Slovakia
@@atisalvaro Slovakia is the shortened geographical version (same as Czech Republic/Czechia) but that doesn't change the fact that the official name (even in English) is Slovak Republic thus the adjective is Slovak. It's the same as in the case of Czechia, you don't say Czechian after all so why the need to add -ian when it comes to Slovakia is a mystery to me.
@@Phobos_Nyx The ethnonym and the name is Slovak. The country name in English is simple Slovakia. The same applies to me, being a Croat, but the adjectif related to Croatia is Croatian. The official name French Republic, Italian Republic and Portuguese Republic does NOT oblige English speakers and foreigners generally to use this long form. We all call them France, Italy and Portugal, and NONE in those countries objects to it. the ambition to impose how other call you is basically wrong. This is what actually Turkey is doing with Turkiye. just imagine Germany asking the world to stop calling them Alemania, germania, Njemačka, and all obliged to call them Deutschland, for the sake of the national pride.
I speak Slovenian and if I go to Croatia, Bosnia or Serbia and speak Slovenian, they hardly understand me at all.
I am Slovak and if I go to Czechia they would probably understand almost everything (except some specific words) as we were part of the same country and we are used to hear both languages. If I go to Poland I would be able to somehow communicate with them, like we would not understand each other completely, but we would get the message. Lot of word are similar either in Polish and Czech, Polish and Slovak, or Slovak and Czech, so if you understand one of the languages you can communicate, if you understand two of the languages you can sometimes even understand the context as well. When I go to Croatia (I've been there 6 times, and 2 times in Bosnia) I would only understand few words, but not the whole message or context. I have never been to Slovenia though, but I would assume it would be similar like in Croatia, I would understand some words, maybe some simple sentences but not the context or complex message/text.
I live in northern Croatia, I can pretty much understand Slovene. Stupidity
Yeah as as Croat, I can confirm it's hard to understand Slovenians. It's about your accent, the way you say things throws me off and it takes some time to figure out what you're saying. I honestly have an easier time speaking to Slovaks or even Poles and Russians.
I remember this Slovenian lady asking me for directions, but not only did I have a hard time understanding her, she also had a hard time understanding me, possibly because of my Dalmatian accent and the choice of words. In the end I just sat in the car with her and pointed her lol.
In written form, I would understand it fairly well. I guess we're just not exposed much to Slovenian anymore. But then I also struggle understanding Serbs from southern parts of Serbia.
I was playing a game online once, and this girl asks me what language I'm speaking, she didn't trust me that it's Croatian because she didn't understand much of what I said. Then when she switched over to her dialect...I had no idea what she said, it sounded closer to Macedonian.
@@ararune3734 Serbo-Croatian was never "exposed" it was/it is vice versa. I am native Serbo-Croatian speaker.
@@davidkovac7170 Slovene speaking person would be more understandable than Serbo-Croatian for Slovaks/Czechs if they speak slowly & if they use litteral words.
the northeast region of croatia its called slavonia if you need more confusion with the names
That's interesting... didn't know that.
@@polyglotdreams And the original inhabitants of Slavonia were Slovenians (ie. Kajkavians). The historical Slavic name of the Kingdom of Slavonia is Slovenieh (read Slovénye). Slavonia is its Latin name, Regnum Sclavoniae or Regnum Slavoniae. Today it's inhabited by quite a lot of Catholic Serbs (ie. Croatians), especially east of Zagreb ...
@@zalozbaignis2229 Nije ti ovo r/balkan_irl
@@zalozbaignis2229 There are no catholic Serbs. SlAvonians were never Slovenians.
@@zalozbaignis2229 go be šešelj's lapdog somewhere else
11:18 mistake. In Croatian po can be used interchangeably with poslije (in this context), and popodne is even more comon than poslijepodne
13:52 učbenik is more similar to učebnica than udžbenik? it's almost identical in slo and cro.
also most of the sentences could be written in different forms to be more similar.. one example žanr instead of vrsta glazbe
but anyways great video, it would be awesome if you could deep dive into kajkavian as some of the sentences it seemed it was closer to slovak than slovenian and croatian
I don't speak any of those languages but I thought the same think during watching (In a Russian native speaker). Tim should have used help of native speakers of all three languages.
Thanks for the input
All the sentences are from the Ling App and read by native speakers
@@polyglotdreams Languages are a living thing, especially in such mixed areas and considering that we lived in the same country. Cultural and linguistic entanglements are all kinds and it is very difficult to take one standard.
Adhering to a strict standard can be confusing.
For example "šta" is often used instead of "što" so that a good number of speakers could be considered "štakavci".
When variants of Ikavian, Ijekavian, Ekavian are added, only then does total confusion arise (Milk - mlijeko, mliko, mleko). There are both first and second Čakavians, while Kajkavians are mostly Ekavians (like the majority of Serbs). However, there are ijekavian people in central Serbia as well...
Regardless of the different dialects, we understand each other quite well even when we speak in dialects. I would say that this is also the result of unification in the last 150 years as well as living together for 80.
@@soksb3766 Kajkavians are completely ekavinas because they are Slovenians. Slovenians say mleko, not mlijeko. That was the reasons for a case that I personally know when some Slovenians were beaten in Croatia in the 90s as they wanted to speak Croatian. When it finally became clear they were not Serbs, one of them was told by the Croats who had just beaten them: "Pa zašto, brate, ne govoriš Slovensko?" (Brother, why don't you speak Slovenian?)
It's more complex as it seems.... in Slovene language, URA (hour) is also commonly used as term for "pouk" (class)! And "nemščine" (german) or "japonščine" (japanese) can be equally used instead of "nemškega jezika" (german languange) or "japonskega jezika".... which would made Slovenian closer Slovak.... Also "mobitel"is commonly used abrevation for "mobile phone", even our largest and national mobile operater used to be named "Mobitel"! And I wouldn't agree about "učebnica" is closer to "učbenik".... I bet 90% of Slovenes would have a problem understanding it correctly, while almost all would understand the meaning of "udžbenik".... The Coratian word "omiljena" is also rooted in "love", because "omiljeni/miljeni"means "beloved"... etc.
The same applies vice versa of course: "japonský jazyk" and "japončina" are equally frequent and correct forms in Slovak.
Slovene "učbenik" & Slovak "učebnica" is more correct than Serbo-Croatian "udžbenik". The word is "učiti" not "udžiti". All other I agree. Slovene is something between West S. & South S.
@@tienshinhan2524 true, if you look a t it "directlly"... but the root of the word is still in "učiti", which is the same, the difference is only in the "diacritic letter", most likely caused by the pronunciation trough time.... and besides that Slovene and Croatian word are of the same "male" verbal gender, while the Slovak is in "female"...
Ura comes from italian ora. In Cakavski dialect in Istria and Dalmatia people say ura too.
Presne po slovensky je hodina , časový údaj ale aj napríklad,hodina matematiky, mobilný telefón, nazývame mobil.
I'll note that in Slovak, you can equally say "hodiny nemeckého/japonského/francúzskeho/etc. jazyka", not just the shorter forms of the terms for each language. Same with saying "slovenčina" for short and "slovenský jazyk" as the longer form, or "English" for short and "English language" as the longer form. There's also the fact that you can colloquially say "na hodine" for the time during those hour-long school lessons, but equally, you can also say "počas hodiny" (which is closer to English "during the lesson"). Suffice to say, Slovene, Croatian and Slovak all have several, synonymous ways of expressing the same meaning, and it also depends on whether you're using more colloquial grammar and vocabulary, or more formal grammar and vocabulary (obviously, when talking with friends, close colleagues or schoolmates, you'll be talking colloquially, not trying to sound like an official).
Yes, there are often ways to say these sentences to make them more similar... I am working with the app... but I do try to point out those cases..
Thanks for the input.
There is actually nothing to conclude from the fact they use 'japanese language' instead of just single-word form in these languages in that app as that decision is more arbitrary decision of the translator than a specific rule.
I see this effect often when reading manuals or content of food translated to similar languages. Sometimes Czech seem to be more verbose sometimes Slovak, but it is just the arbitrary choice of the translator how much she 'optimizes' the translation behind.
20:48 Slovene & Kajkavian Croatian have higher degree of linguistic proximity than standard Croatian (Shtokavian).
Kajkavian Croatian? There's no Kajkavian Croatian, Kajkavian is the eastern Slovenian dialect, very close to Prlecki.
@@zalozbaignis2229 Yes. I know. I just want to say that is more similar with "Kajkavian" than standard Serbo-Croatian "Štokavian". Greetings
Prekmurje used to be a part of Archdiocese of Zagreb, thus it is vice versa. Both Prlekija and Prekmurje are phonetically the same as Kajkavian, while standard Slovenian sounds like literary Croatian.
@@unincorner4277 Well... everything depends on person how he/she/they pronounce words. Slovene Pannonian dialects are more similar to Croatian Kajkavian dialects than standard Slovene, same as Kajkavian is more similar to Slovene Pannonian dialects & same for Slovak South-West dialects, especially Zahorsky dialect. Slovene North-West are similar to Czech/Moravian dialects. Similar with Serbian - Macedonian - Bulgarian thing (Torlakian). Literral Slovene does not sound like standard Croatian phonetically & in way of pronoucation.
@@unincorner4277 you forget that Kajkavian is found in Croatia and we can all see it's just Slovenian without the German influance and there are no Shtokovian speakers in Slovenia meaning that Kajkavian is Slovene most simmilar to Prekmurje and Stajerska region. If it was Croatian then Croatia shouldn't have picked Shtkovanian as their main language since it has nothing in common with Kajkavian and the fact that Croatia is letting Kajakvian die just shows they are commiting a cultural genocide and destroying and remains of Slovenian language.
I am a Croatian that lived in Czech Republic for a couple of years, learned Czech and was hanging out with both Czech and Slovaks. Although they are all similar after learning Czech listening to Slovenian radio stations while driving on our trips from Czech Republic to Croatia sounded like almost Croatian. My point is, after learning Czech and a bit of Slovak, Slovenian felt waaaay closer to Croatian for me.
That's very interesting... thanks for sharing
Slovene is not like Croatian. Similar but still (verry) different. I am native Shtokavian speaker & can't understand them, Macedonian is a way more similar. I would put Slovene as some bridge between "South" Slavic & West Slavic.
@@tienshinhan2524 I'm a mix of shtokavian/kaykavian speaker and I can understand them. It depends on which part of ex yu area you are from
@@tomislavhoman4338 Well, yes through Kajkavian Croatian dialect(s) Slovene can be understood a lot, but still I think that far most understandable for Neo-Shtokavian speakers is Macedonian, which is in fact old variant of Shtokavian.
I am Slovenian and this video made me chuckle :) Some people get upset when we get confused with Slovakia, I am not that hardcore. :)
Love that you don't get offended
@@polyglotdreams There's no point to getting offended! :)
Whew, got the answer right before hitting play on your video! Have a Masters in Slavic linguistics so your vids are very interesting to me. You explain things a lot better than some of my profs did!
Thanks so much for the encouragement
Yes, word ''hodina'' (hour), can be used in context as lesson in Slovak language. But also, it can be used word ''vyuka'' which have the same root as it has in Slovene. Even, it is more proper Slovak expression than word hodina in this context. Similarly, you can find other words, which have the same roots and meanings in Slovak and Slovene. But, you need to be a native speaker, to intuitively find and understand similar words for both languages. Sometimes, these words could be archaic and not spoken today , but they are understud by natives in both countries. It is not possible to determine similarity of languages from one sentence from each language, because it is possible to choose other words, which sounds different, but have the same meanings, and more similar to compared language. If you want to compare them, you need to consider them as a complex languages, not choosing random words with similar meanings.
Yes, you can find such words... and I tried to point them out... you should keep mind that I have no control over the wording of the sample sentences from the app... can only comment on them.
The Slovene examples were very "stick up ones arse"
Pouk is a lecture, while we sould say "ura" (hour) to a specific lecture.
Similarly we relarely use "Ali..." or "jaz... " in most colloquial speach we drop it, even in standard speach it sounds stiff. It is mostly used when you need to really point it out or if you have a stiff Slovene teacher.
Hardly anyone uses an adjective + jezik for everyday speach and even formal speach tends to prefer Nemščina, Slovaščina etc.
That lady spoken like you would teach a foreigner speak for their Slovene 101 course.
It’s closer to Croatian, but really it’s somewhere in between (I speak Slovak fluently, Croatian a little). Among the Slavic languages, Slovenian is a fascinating relic; I think I’ll learn it sometime 👌🏼
I find it fascinating... it was my first Slavic language before I switched to Serbo-Croatian in 1977 when riding a bicycle 🚲 along the Adriatic coastline
@@polyglotdreams There is no Serbo-Croatian. They tried to make such a language in Yugoslavia, but they largely failed. It was never in use in Croatia.
@@atisalvaro In Croatia? Do you mean the "Hrvatska banovina"? The Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia (which was, from Ausgleich on, more or less an administrative fiction, as the Crown of St. Stephen was one state, not a sum of states as the Cisleitaninen)? The Boshevik Titoist Croatia? Kajkavian is a dialect of Slovenian. Cakavian, well, it's a matter of discussion, but Stokavian? Do you dare say Stokavian is not just Western Serbian, from the point of view of Structural linguistics? Or, if turned around, that Serbian and Croatian are only the Eastern and Western variants of Stokavian? Finally, Croatians want to base their standard language on the language of Dubrovnicka republika (Republic of Ragusa), and the most famous literary family of Ragusa, the Gondola (Gundulic) considered themselves to be Catholic Serbians (the last Gundulic was famous for his identification as a Serb Catholic). In 19th century, the pope Leo XIII wrote a pastoral letter to the Ragusians, that was addressed to the Serbs Catholics! So the question is, what's Croatian? Yes, there's a strong stilistic difference between the books published in Griechisch Weissenburg (Belgrad) and in Agram (Zagreb) -especially if you take the best literary works and translations made in Agram (or even the texts published in NDH), but a Slovenian is not able to recognize differences, and the differences are just a dialectal ones. Not relevant from the structural point of view. Well, language is a dialect with the state, not true?
Slovene once was more similar to Slovak & Czech than other "South" Slavic. I am native "Serbo-Croatian" speaker & Slovenes took Croatian Gaj alphabet in 19. century & also huge number of Serbo-Croatian words in Yugoslavia. In it's dialects exist words than appears in Slovak but not in any other "South" Slavic languages (such as: každi (each), zahovat (to preserve), motil (butterfly) & also where Slovene offical G is changed into dialectally H (glava ---> hlava, bog ---> boh/buh, goba ---> huoba/hoba, cvet ---> kvet/kvjat). For me, as Serbian ... Slovenes & Slovene are "South-Slavicized" West Slavs, they just don't fit in. And you Slovaks & Slovenes are very similar by genetics, you can check on Eupedia. Greetings to you.
@@polyglotdreams Compare it to the kajkavian dialect of Croatian from the North East!
The south Slavic languages all actually form what linguists call a dialectic continuum. Slovenian and bulgarian are on opposite ends, and in the middle there's Shtokavian (which is the base for all the BCMS- bosnian, croatian, montenegrin, and serbian standard languages). In between slovenian and shtokavian there is a transitional dialect kajkavian, and between shtokavian and bulgarian/macedonian there is torlakian.
As a bosnian I would say slovenian is definitely closer to shtokavian and especially to the croatian variant (as it's influenced more by kajkavian). And also out of all the western Slavic languages I would say slovak is by far the most similar to south slavic, which also increases similarities.
Slovak is kind of mid Slavic language that is between east, west and south Slavic, seems that it has simillarities to all Slavic languages.
I come originally from Russia and understand Slovak language very well. Much better than Polish or Czech. Slovak is also very close to Ukrainian. That makes it understandable for russian speaking people.
Yes Slovak is in the middle of multiple Slavic languages/dailects
Kaikavian is a Slovene dialect.
@@makavelimaka8035 By that logic Slovenian is Croatian dialect, Croatian national idea restarted in kajkavian area
Interesting video, thank you. But at 5:35 you show a clip from Tallinn; Estonia and not Bratislava. Its Bratislava to start with, but later Tallinn with the Oleviste kiirik, St Olavs church.
Editor mistake
This is well shown, but not everything is so strict, in every language every word has its synonyms! for example in Croatian the word Pažljivo has its synonym which is Pozorno or Pozor exactly the same as Slovenian and Slovak.
In Croatian we don't say " imam radije" but "radije slušam or volim radije" also in Croatian we can say "ja znam pjevati"
But yeah, all three languages are pretty similar and related and easy to learn for us who are from those three countries!
Thanks for your observations
As a Czech person I see that Croatian has some elements of Russian. Slovenian the words are closer to Czech and Slovakian for sure.
It's actually the other way around. Russian has many south slavic words because of the influence of old church slavonic which was used as a literary language of russia for centuries. Old church slavonic is south slavic and the oldest written slavic language.
Exactly, the Slovenians would not understand the so called Croatian (which is, in fact, Western Serbian), were we not exposed to Yugoslavia. KAjkavian, however, is pure Slovenian. Phonetically, structurally, by words, you can not distinguish Kaikavian from Slovenian spoken in Styria. IF written, Czech is much more understandable than Croatian. With all my yugoslav experience, I needed a year of reading with the help of the dictionary to start udnerstanding and speaking Serbian/Croatian, and still I'm not good at it ...
@@zalozbaignis2229 "So called Croatian"? That can write only so called "Serbian".
As a Slovak who spoke perfect Croatian with the accent of around Zagreb, definitely I do not understand Slovenian. Croatians hardly understand Slovenian. BTW, Czech language and Slovak language is very different, too. They all very different. Yes, they use many similar actually same words, but ironically they mean absolutely different things.
One can say only if you are not in daily use or disclosure of these languages/ words you are not able to understand it.
Slovenian sounds like Russian spoken 600 years ago. A lot of archaic words. Slovak has some similarities with West Ukranian.
12:28 As a Slovak, I undestand izklopi as a form of Slovak "sklopiť" (a synonym of "turn down/over" in Slovak), but Slovak uses the term of "turn off" (not down). Again, as a Slovak, I fully understood the Slovene meaning, even if it used different words. Croatian was less clear, but I could interpret it as "uhasiť" meaning "to extinguish" the mobile phone. Like extinguishing a fire = putting (the fire) down or shutting it down. From a practical point I understood what was being asked, but it was conveyed in words that Slovak does not use in that application. But still I got the meaning, if I were in Croatia and someone asked to "ugasiti mobitel", I would instantly get what they ask me to do.
@@erikziak1249 The same with 'završit' - there is such Slovak word being ~synonym of 'ukončiť' (to finish) but not used in this context of finishing a lesson. There are lot of common words with slightly shifted meaning in the other languages, still making enough sense when exchanged.
I would add that in Slovak, when we talk about turning off electric appliances, we use the "fire extinguishing" in one instance, which is when talking about lamps - we say "zhasnúť/zažať svetlo" as "turn off/turn on the light".
Also when an appliance that has a screen unexpectedly turns off, we can say something like "zhasol mi mobil/počítač" - "my phone/computer turned off"
In Slovak, you could say "japonského jazyka" instead of "japončiny". It would be more correct to compare that form and it would make Slovenian and Slovak closer. Same applies to "nemčiny" etc.
Thank you for explaining! I was also wondering for a long time which of these two languages are more similar to ours. Lep pozdrav iz Slovenije. 🇸🇮
Kaj bi ti rekel, koji je jezik najsličniji vašem Slovenskom jeziku
@@francek3892 Ja v posnetku je razložil, da je bolj podoben hrvaščini in s tem se strinjam.
Thanks for this interesting video. There are some minor errors in the Slovak translations - verbs "začať sa/začínať sa" and "končiť sa" are reflective, which means they should always carry the "sa" component. However, leaving it out is a very common mistake many Slovak speakers make. Also, first person for the verb "môcť" is "môžem".
Thanks... The sentences were written and recorded by a Slovak native speaker... should they be changed and recorded 🤔
@@polyglotdreams I would say there's no need to alter the video. It really is a very common mistake and many speakers wouldn't even notice. One of those things that indicate one's level of language education 🙂 I thought it might be interesting as the Slovak "sa" brings these verbs closer to the South Slavic "se" form.
@@polyglotdreams In fact, not using "sa" when actor is the object is a serious mistake.
The impatient soldier started the fight.
Netrpezlivý vojak začal bitku.
The fight started due to the impatient soldier.
Bitka sa začala kvôli netrpezlivému vojakovi.
If the sentence starts like this:
Bitka začala...
we expect an object - what was started by that fight? (just like we can ask, what was started by the soldier and we have the answer: the fight).
Using "sa" means it "started itself" (that's why the verb is called reflective) here and not using it means it started something (else), like:
The fight started the neverending war.
Bitka začala nekonečnú vojnu.
it s a nice effort, but it s much more complex, for example 'to speak', in Slovak we would say 'hovorit', but we also understand 'kazat' and 'riect' which are more commonly used in croatian/slovenian. in slovenian there is also significant touch of czech i believe, this is obvious as we used to be one set of people, slovakia and slovenia mainly, only to be divided by germans and hungrians, and me as a slovak, i feel a part of slovenia too even though the languages have gone a bit astray
I am a Croat from those Kajkavian regions, but I must emphasize that the real Kajkavian dialect is still spoken only in the villages. In cities, we mostly speak a mixture of Kajkavian and Stokavian dialects. However, Croats from the Kajkavian regions will understand Slovenian much more easily than other Croats. I can personally say that I understand Slovenian quite well. I can communicate with a Slovenian guy without any problems, except maybe for some specific words, but of course, on the condition that we speak more slowly and clearly.
Of the other Slavic languages, the most comprehensible are, of course, the other South Slavic languages (Macedonian because of the accent more than Bulgarian), and then somehow Russian. After Russian, I think it would be Slovak. I guess because of the accent. Maybe the Czechs have a quick pronunciation, I don't know.
Thanks so much for sharing your experiences.
Which other Slavic language you understand the most? I think it's impossible for Croatian Kajkavian that understand Russian more than Slovak. Slovak language is a way more similar to Croatian standard (Shtokavian) & even more to Kajkavian Croatian dialect(s).
@@tienshinhan2524 Kajkavian, Stokavian and Cakavian are dialects, not languages. I, as a speaker of the Kajkavian dialect, speak the same language as a speaker of the Stokavian dialect. The standardization of the language took place in the 19th century and the way people speak today, regardless of whether they are speakers of the Stokavian, Kajkavian or Cakavian dialects, is not the same as the way people spoke 100 or 200 years ago. Zagreb officially belongs to the area of the Kajkavian dialect, and literally only the word "kaj" and some phrases remain. It is similar with speakers of the Cakavian dialect from Split or especially Rijeka. In fact, today we all speak Stokavian with remnants of the Kajkavian or Cakavian dialect, which today can mostly be recognized as city slang.
I don't distinguish between Czech and Slovak just by listening. It can seem to me that someone is speaking more comprehensibly, so if I ask him why and he tells me that it is Slovak and not Czech, then I know. I don't distinguish them automatically.
@@boogeyman4937 Slažem se. Ja kao govornik Štokavskoga, kome je maternji Štokavski mogu da kažem da sam zapazio premazanost Štokavskoga kros Čakavski i Kajkavski i takođe se slažem da su današnji Kajkavski i Čakavski daleko od drevnih Kajkavskih i Čakavskih govora. Pošto ste Kajkavac, želim riječi da vam želim da saćuvate Kajkavsk-e/i govor/dialekte. Ja razlikujem Slovački i Češki. Slovački je bliži Hrvatskom a pogovoto Kajkavskom. Naprimer Slovački Zahorsky dialekt ima 70 - 80 % istih/sličnih riječi sa Kajkavskim govorima.
@@boogeyman4937 Mislim, da se moj kolega sa Kajkavske renesanse ne bi slagao sa vama. Ipak je Kajkavski priznat kao povijesni jezik i ima kod - ako se ne varam knj. Pozdrav iz Slovenje
In croatian we also say mobilni telefon only mobitel is a slang. Also most of the slovenian words u showd can also be used in croatian but they r not that commenly used
also we can say both "poslušati" and "slušati", they mean "to listen" and "listen", and also we use both "govori" or "reči", also we mostly say "znam pjevati" "mogu/moći pjevati" not "umijem pjevati"
Yes... thanks... and depending on the dialects involved.
Thanks
The purpose of the comparison is great, the introduction about the languages too. I just think you should select phases more specific of these languages and avoid having words that are international such as japonise, mobile, korean, abecedary/alphabet, pop, jazz, rock, for instance. But I love your presentations. Thank you.
Thanks... I will keep that in mind when choosing sentences from the app.
this analysis referfs to very modern form of languages. few decades ago the comparison could bring queit different outputs. "says" in old Slovak is "rečie" (similar to Slovenien "reče"), "favorite" in old Slovak is "milený" (similar to Croatian "omiljeny"), "prefer" in old Slovak west-north dialects is "vyše" (same as Croatian "više"), "singer" in old Slovak dialects is "pevec" (same as Slovenien) ... in present Slovak language the translation of "Does not like ... to listen classical music" is "Nemá rád ... počúvanie klasickej hudby" (maybe similar to Slovenien "ne mara").
Yes, I agree with you. Old Slovak & old Slovene were more similar than modern ones.
Slovenia and Slovakia used to be in the same country aroud 8th century. And today's Hungry and part od Croatia waere there, too. It was called Samo's Empire
Some examples of the Croatian language were read with a Serbian accent/pronunciation for some reason 🥲 (and with some archaic and/or Serbian expressions like "umijem" instead of "znam" for "knowing how to do something").
Also, a lot of the sentences could be written using synonyms or similar words (mobitel-mobilni telefon, nastava-sat, pažljivo-pozorno, vrsta glazbe-žanr) to fit either of the other languages better. The things pointed out as differences can literally be said in an alternate way, so this is just arbitrary at best.
žanr is loanword from French. If you want to see difference you cannot use international loanwords.
@@Reulon Yes, even word završit does exist in Slovak as a less used synonym of ukončiť (in meaning: finish, complete, ... not just stop/end), not mentioning they would say Japonskeho jazyka too, if they decided to sound a bit more formal.
Yes, the pointed out differences are mostly arbitrary and another arbitrary selection from vocabularies, still correct, meaningful, could produce opposite results.
@@bojanstare8667
They used žanr for Slovenian (or Slovakian) as an example how it’s different from Croatian word 🤦🏻♂️
Did you even watch the video?
In Serbia we use znam, not umijem, in fact spelled like that it sound like the word to wash up which I guess is from Turkish.
@@marcovalentini5741
Ah, my mistake. I thought it was Serbian.
It’s “wash my face” in Croatian, too.
10:38 The words "japonského jazyka" is perfectly accurate in Slovak too, but we prefer to use the shorter form "japončiny". As a Slovak I have no problem to understand both Slovenian and Croatian "Japanese language" meaning.
@@erikziak1249 And of course, the less formal single-word expression is possible also in Slovenian or Croatian - it is just question of the level of formalism used.
It is more an arbitrary decision of tbe translator than a relevant feature of the patricular language.
In Slovenia we can say "japonski jezik" or "japonščina"... "nemški jezik" or "nemščina"
@@jackspeed650 Same in Slovak: "japonský jazyk" or "japončina"... "nemecký jazyk" or "nemčina".
9:17 In Slovak we have the word "počať", which means roughly "the origin of", so the Croatian sentence where "počinje" was used was understood correctly by me, as a Slovak. Začať/počať are sort of synonyms in Slovak.
Although some words sound diferent for outsider they have some similar meaning for Slavic speaker.
Yes
Very interesting Tim, thanks a lot for the video.
Glad you enjoyed it... thanks
Hi.
You got a new subscriber here😊
Zo Slovenska😊🇸🇰
Welcome... love your country, people, language and culture.
Great video brate
Hvala
The last video showcasing Bratislava at 5:34 is actually a clip of Talinn, Estonia.
I knew that large body of water was out of place haha.
Great video. Having some minor objection to some issues (which is normal) does not prevent it from being the best (and nicest) effort to explain - plain and simple - differences. My hat off to that...
I really appreciate that 🙏
Bratje SLOVENCI 🇸🇮❤️🇸🇰
If you look at genetics, you'll find slovenes have more in common with cuech than croats
Yes, they are (more or less) "South-Slavicized" West Slavs.
@@tienshinhan2524 That is mostly because of 2nd wave of South Slavs migrating towards Italy. When west-slavs made a deal with Bavarians for help in defence against Avars which settled in the Pannonian Basin it was over for Slavic tribes in the land of Slovenia and that is when separation happened because Bavarians started to germanize the land between today's Slovenia and Slovakia/Czechia which isolated them on the south part of the alps. Same time also South Slavic migration appeared and migrated up the today's Balkan area. Today we have such a mix of dialects in the country the southern-eastern part of the country sounds way closer to Croatians with dialect compared to the north-western which to me sounds much closer to Slovak and Czech languages.
@@N4TE_94 Yes. I agree with you. Slovenes are originally West Slavic & in they're dialects still existed words that don't exist in other South Slavic languages, but exist in Czech, Moravian, Slovak language & dialects. Today they are clasified as "South" Slavic, but that's different story. Term "South" Slavic/Slavs is more or less only geographical term. Slovenes are in fact same as Czechs, Moravians, Slovaks while we Serbs are more to East Slavs & yes all Slavic languages (South, West & East) are more or less dialectal continuum. Eastern Slovene are more like Kajkavian dialects, Eastern Slovak dialects are more like Rusyn than standard Slovak or especially Czech, Eastern Serbian dialects are more like Bulgarian & Macedonian, Belarusian is something between Russian & Polish etc...
@@tienshinhan2524 exactly my friend!
And just BTW, before the creation of Czechoslovakia in 1918, one of the proposals for the territorial organization of the new republic included a corridor that connected Slovakia with Slovenia.
@@dusanputnik Yes, Slovaks need that highway to Adratic sea with tolls paid to Slovak gov, not Austrian or Hungarian 😅
Who knows. This masonic republic have created the French with their military support in the time.
The West in general does like to drawn new lines on maps everywhere to eliminate former bigger territories.
They themselves remain strong and intact, while their victims in provoked wars suffer constant fragmentation and colonization servitude - until today, that is. With the only exception of Russia, which will not allow them and will not let them screw up.
@eltwarg6388
And there is another aspect of the Slavic population, which I mention in another comment below, and that is evidenced by Western sources that at one time they all spoke the same language.
What I myself traced in older written sources, of today's Slavic so-called nations - since it was originally one single nation, - and this was also confirmed by my acquaintances from the Balkan region, who have a deeper knowledge of real history.
Linguistic fragmentation directly follows the political one, conditioned by constant Western activities and efforts (either in the past by religious wars or later by the secular politics of Anglo-Saxon domination and expansionism in "Drang nach Osten") not to allow peaceful and independent development, not only in the Slavic environment but everywhere else in the world.
11:35 - A few important additions (and corrections) here: in croatian (my) language (in the) afternoon the term "popodne" is much more often used in common speech than "poslijepodne", thus making slovenian "popoldne" more similar to croatian than slovakian "popoludni". Also, in croatian the term "mobitel" is only an abbreviation of "mobilni telefon", which is however more common in Croatian everyday speech then the longer (and more correct) term "mobilni telefon"; so here we again see a (slightly) more similarity with croatian than slovakian. 14:26 - "Pozorno" (as a sinonime for "pažljivo", carefully) is ALSO used in croatian. 18:19 - "Znam" is much more commonly used in croatian than its sinonime "umijem".
Thanks for the input.
@@polyglotdreams You are welcome :) Keep up the good work!
in some cases is more like Croatian, in some more like Slovak.
I respect the effort, but not very accurate regarding Croatian language: in Croatian "biti spreman" is also "biti pripravan"; you can use "japanskog" instead of "japanskog jezika"; "popodne" is the same thing as "posljepodne"; "mobitel" is short for "mobilni telefon"; "trenutno" is short for "u tom trenutku"; "pažljivo" is the same as "pozorno" just as "njen" is the same as "njezin"; "reče" has the exactly same meaning in Croatian and Slovene; there is word "obljubljena" in Croatian, with the same meaning as in Slovak, but it's not used for music ("najdraža" is the most popular); Croatian also has "žanr glazbe", and comparing "vrsta" and "žanr" is like mixing apples and oranges; just as comparing croatian "znam" (know how to) and croatian "umijem" (can) is...
But the most hillariuos moment is when comparing words for "textbook". Croatian is "udžbenik", Slovenian is "učbenik", pronounced the same as in Croatian (Slovene does not have "dž"), but somehow the conclusion is that Slovakian "učebnica" is more similar!?!?
For Slovenians dž are two letters and yes, we pronounce them. Like in name John. Učbenik and udžbenik aren`t pronounced same way. They are different sounds. And žanr is international loanword.
5:35 Why do you have the picture of Tallinn there while talking about Bratislava?! 🧐
If we talk about genetics, Slovenians and Slovaks belong to same haplogroups in same or very similar percentage. We are genetically almost indistinguishable, which is not the case with Croats. That proves that before Hungarian tribes came to Europe, we were one and the same.
I am Slovenian and have also heard that Slovenia and Slovakia were split apart by the Hungarians.
absolutely right, and the real division might have happened as late as 18/19 century when magyar started to press hard for their nonsense. and nowadays, i feel very much a Slovene as i am a Slovak :) I go to Slovenija whenever I can and love it. would be great if we could reunite again. Also, the language is identical in about one third (another third of Slovene language is similar to czech) so this also hints we were all one group of people. and, we both have Devin castle, slovenija and slovensko, although italians occupy the one in south at the moment :)
Lol, what are you talking about, Croats are genetically closest nation to Slovene population proven exactly by haplogroups xd
@@gtugs86369jfr if we talk hrvati in varazdin then yes
@@kolumbijcan im talking about average Croat from all the regions together.Closest populations to Croats are Slovenes, next after them are Hungarians and Bosnians.Closest population to Slovenes are Croats, next are Hungarians and Austrians, this is what genetic studies say, not some random opinion on yt section from anonymous guy on the internet
And there's more;-) Music genre. In the video, it looks like the Slovenian and Slovak words are completely different - glasbena zvrst / žaner hudby. But in fact it's much more similar, because most Slovenians would say "žanr" instead of "zvrst", and a synonym for "glasba" is "godba" (G instead of a H in Slovak"). Which means everybody in Slovenia would understand that "žanr godbe" (which is almost identical to Slovakian), means "music genre".
Slovenci in Slovaki smo isti narod
Ahoj. Presne tak. Sloven-sko =Sloven- ija. Sloven, Sloven-ka. Evidentne sú to tí istí ľudia. ❤
@@janbolf3479 Slováci Slovenci
Slovák Slovenec
Slovenka Slovenka
Slovenčina Slovenščina
Slovenský jazyk Slovenski jezik
Slovensko Slovenija
Slovenská Republika Republika Slovenija
😄😄😄
@@tienshinhan2524 áno, stále sa točíme o tom istom. 👍 Sloven-s-co, Etru-s-co, Pela-s-co, Ba-s-co, ...... atď.😃
@@janbolf3479áno,presne tak ,boli sme súčasťou Veľkej Slovenskej Tartarii 😊.Keby nebolo v ceste Rakúsko, veľká časť EU by bola Slovanská.Tatra ,Matra,,Fatra vrchy v Tatrách.Tarta ,Tartaria Iba výmena výmena t a r Tatra ,Tatra😊
@@BraneTerglav tudi hrvatje
@polyglotdreams many of the sentences provided as examples, might also be in Slovak language said almost the same way it was provided in SLO or HR language. And it still would be the right way expressed.
Moreover, the Slovak language has one specific thing to point out. In the 1843, the Slovak language was harmonized (so called codification). It was done due to several vocabulary and expression differences among the Slovak regions. It was not only a harmonization but also a kind of modernisation of the language. The decisive dialect and most of the modern vocabulary, which was adopted was the central Slovak grammar and language.
However, most of the ancient Slavic (Slovak) words still remained in the current vocabulary. But they are not so often used, since they are considered outdated or they are used, but in a modified form.
As an example word "to hear": "slišet" in czech, "slušati" in Croatian and Serbian, "poslušati" in Slovene language IS NOT used in Slovak language ever since the harmonisation. We use the word "počuť".
But there's still in Slovak language a modification of word "slišet", "slušati" in the following Slovak form: "neslýchané" (unhearable i.e. "unseen" in English), "slúchadlo" (telephone handset), "poslúchaj hudbu" (listen to the music).
There are hundreds of examples like this.
As might be seen, the Slovak language might sound slightly different from other Slavic languages, however it's a kind of modern language combined with the residuals of ancient Slavic words.
That's also one of the reasons, why Slovaks are able much more better adapt on any Slavic languages. For sure much more easier, than other Slavic nations.
Anyway, I appreciate the video. You've done a good job.
It's a bit more complicated than that. You can find words in Slovenian (if you include dialects) to make it sound very similar to Slovak or Croatian. My grandmother would never say "danes" and would always say "gnes/nes" and she was certainly not Slovak :)
There are so many dialects in Slovenia!
@@polyglotdreams Croatia likewise has plenty of them. But the thing is, they contain a lot of the old words.
@@polyglotdreams And many tx for a great video.
I agree with you. Slovene litteral word for day is "dan/danes" while in dialects also can be "den/denes" same as in Slovak & Czech or litteral slovene word for blossom is "cvet/glava" while in dialects can be also "kvet/hlava" again like Czech & Slovak. North Eastern & Eastern Slovene (Pannonian) dialects & South West & Central, especially Zahorsky, Spiš dialects of Slovak are 90 % the same words.
@@urbansenicar81 I agree with you Urban. Dialectal words are older/archaic than words in litteral language.
I mean its not like you can say things in Slovak just the one way. In the jazz over rock example you could also say Mám radšej jazz ako rock which would be closer to Slovenian
Slovenia,Slovakia and Slavonia (eastern part of Croatia from Zagreb)...
Close?
@@polyglotdreams You can also add Slovácko (eastern part of Czech Republic).
@@mc1251 Yess that`s the same dialekt in Westslovakia! 1:1
Hey, at 13:50 can you explain how the Slovak "učebnicu" is closer to the Slovene "učbenik" than the Croatian "udžbenik" is? To me, there are a lot of shifts to get from Slovene to Slovak here, but the only difference between Slovene and Croatian in this case the consonant shift from "č" to "dž" which I would argue is a small difference. I don't mean to criticize, I'm just curious what your thought process was
UČ-eb-NICA.
UČ-be-NIK.
UDŽ-be-NIK.
Similar to Slovak by "uč", similar to Croatian by suffix "nik". So something between.
@@tienshinhan2524 I mean yeah, the "uč" is more similar, but "UČ-eb-NIC-a" has completely differently similar structure than the other two
@@brandonharwood9066 Yes... I agree... but word "učbenik" is Slovene litteral word & in Slovene dialects/coloquial "language" you can hear more forms than only litteral "učbenik" also in feminime form "učbenica" that is closer to Slovak. Slovak have feminime suffix & Slovene/Croatian have masculine suffix. I just want to say that litteral word doesn't mean that other forms of same word don't exist/or are not spoken. This is case in mostly of Slavic languages & their dialects.
Interesting video, thank you for this 😊 If I may add, that Slovak language is based on the dialect that used to be spoken in the central part of the country. For example, I live in the west and have learned from my grandparents the old dialect spoken in the west part of the country that is fairly close to the Slovenian language. I can actually hold a full conversation with Slovenians using the old dialect. But I can also hold a conversation with a Polish person while using our official language with a little mixture of norther dialect. Basically we all lived such an entangled history, that with little effort we can actually understand each other speaking our native languages 😁
I agree. Slovene dialects & Slovak are more similar ro each other than Slovak & Slovene offical/standard language.
Isti narod, haplo skupina
@@tienshinhan2524 No, they're not :)
@@nylixneylix8785 Compare words from Slovenes (eastern) to Slovak (south-west) & you will see. :)
@@tienshinhan2524 You never heard any of the Slovenian dialects, never heard of actual Slovenes speaking those dialects, so please, don't talk about things you don't know.
13:46 "bere" in Slovenian can be "understood" in Slovak, because "bere" means "take/to take". So "bere" in the context is the equivalent of "getting something" in English .Do you get it? Bereš to? But in Slovak it is not explicit in the context of a written text, while in Slovenian it seems to be case (I do not speak Slovenian). All three words učebnik/udžebnik/učebnicu are based on the root "učiť" = to learn.
bere~bären~straw-berry
@@bertonceljdomen bereš knjigo ali pa nabiraš jagode. Kje si ti napel jagode iz bere=
@@bertonceljdomen lol😅
0:27 Slovakia - slovencina, Slovenia - slovincina!!! U got it wrong!!! Fix it!!!
It is OK, when it is in slovenčina. But it is wrong in slovenščina.
15:10 Funny, as this Croatian phrasing is to my ears as Czech phrasing. Never though I would experience that, but I 100% understood. As well as Slovenian.
As someone whose mother tongue is Croatian, I must disagree with the claims of those who wrote that "Macedonian is more similar to Croatian than Slovenian". That is not even close to the truth. Few people understand Macedonian in Croatia (perhaps they understand Macedonian more in Serbia or for sure in Bulgaria, but not in Croatia), while the degree of similarity between Slovenian and Croatian lexical is at least 70 percent, if not more.
Speakers of the Kajkavian dialect in Croatia understand almost 100 percent of Slovenian, and there are no significant differences between Croatian Kajkavian and Slovenian standard language.
You forget that Slovenes and Croats lived in the same countries for 500 years (Habsburg Monarchy, Austria-Hungary, the first and second Yugoslavia) and that this largely determined their standard languages. To such an extent that some Croatian nationalists in the 19th and 20th centuries claimed that Slovenes were "Alpine Croats".
With the Macedonians, until the creation of the first Yugoslavia in 1918, neither the Croats nor the Slovenes ever lived in the same state, Macedoians are even geographically much more distant from Croatia than Slovenia is (we are neigbours!). Croatian and Macedonian languages did not develop in the same direction and similarly as Croatian and Slovenian did, so they are neither much mutually intelligible.
By the way, many words used in the video belong to archaisms and are rarely used in the Croatian language today, both standard and spoken. For example, the verb "umjeti" is extremly rarely used in Croatia, we say "znati", just like Slovenians. "Umjeti / umeti" is used more in the Serbian language.
It is correct that we say "nastava", but it can also be said "pouka", although "pouka" is used more as a generic term or for instructions. There is more, but this is enough.
Ja se u nekim stvarima slažem ali u nekima ne. Ali sve ovisi o pojedincu/čovjeku razumijevanja Makedonskog ili Slovenskog. Ja sam Štokavac i više razumijem Makedonce nego Slovence, iako su nam Slovenci susjedi. Istina je da Kajkavci pa i Čakavci iz Istre ali prijesvega Kajkavci više razumiju Slovenski nego Štokavci. Sličnost Hrvatskog i Slovenskog nije 70 % (pogotovo ne više od 70 %), govorim o standardnom Hrvatskom (Štokavskom). Kajkavski možda da. Ima i nekih razlike između Kajkavskog i Slovenskog. To što smo s Slovencima bili 500 + godina u AU pa i kasnije u Jugoslaviji ne znači ništa, pogotovo u Jugoslaviji su Slovenci mnogo prilagođivali svoj jezik "lingua franca" jeziku u Jugoslaviji... takozvanom "Srpsko-Hrvatskom/Hrvatsko-Srpskom". Hrvatski i Slovenski su se razvijali slicno ali ne iz ostog korijena/isto. Slovenski je danas mnogo premazan/pod uplivom Hrvatskog/Srpskog a još više su Štokavskim premazani Kajkavski i Čakavski. Što se tiče razumijevanja Makedonskog i Slovenskog... ja Slovenski razumijem mnogo u pisanom obliku/kada je pisan ali puno manje kad ga čujem, čak i naši ljudi tamo pričaju Engleski jer se jednostavno nemogu sprazumijevati. Kada sam bio u Makedoniji (mnogo puta) bez ikakvog problema sam ih sve razumio... Na Slovenskom rijec "znati" nije istovjetna kao "znati" na Hrvatskom... na Slovenskom se kaže "vedeti" isto kao na Slovačkom i Češkom, Poljskom. "Pouk/a" ili "viuk/a" je od "poučenje". Hrvatski/Srpski/Srpsko-Hrvatski je sličniji Slovenskom u pogledu padeža ali ne u potpunosti (dijelimicno), dok je slican Makedonskom u pogledu slicnijih riječi. Naprimer meni se ponekad cini da je "novo-Štokavski" nešto između Slovenskog sa Zapada i Bugarskog i Makedonskog sa Istoka, kao nekakav most između ova tri... ako gledamo da smo u sredini između ova tri naroda mi Hrvati, Bošnjaci, Crnogorci i Srbi ali takođe treba znati da ima u nekim stvarima vise sličnosti Slovenskog s zapadne strane sa Bugarskim i Makedonskim s istočne strane... sličnosti koje su več odavno nestale iz "novo-Štokavskog". Kako god okrenes... sve ovisi o pojedincu... naprimer vi vise razumijete Slovenski ali ja osobno Makedonce mnogo vise razumijem. Mislim da bi to potvrdila većina govornika "novo-Štokavskog".
@@tienshinhan2524Dijelimo ogroman zajednički leksik sa slovenskim, od vlaka, hvala, postaja, zemljovid, do kruha i plina. Probajte prevesti te elementarne riječi na makedonski... voz, gas, leb...
@@atisalvaro Da, točno slažem se. Ali stanica se koristi i kod nas. Hrvatska varijanta ima migraciju prema Slovenskom a Srpska varijanta prema Makedonskom. Ali isto tako imamo ogroman zajednički (Štokavski) leksik sa Makedonskim i Bugarskim: granica, prozor, što, gušter, godina, Isus, itd...
@@tienshinhan2524 Kakvu migraciju?! Kakve variante?! Hrvatski jezik nije nicija varianta. Jugoslavija je mrtva, promaseni pokus, a s njom i pokusaj stvaranja nadnacionalnog jezika
@@atisalvaro Mislio sam na riječi. Ok, Hrvatski jezik ima jezičku migraciju ka Slovenskom a Srpski jezik ka Makedonskom. Ostale što ste napisale sve potpisujem.
Great video, love your slavic topics!
Hi, I enyojed your video. Unfortunately, you mixed or misspeled most of the terms in the comparison table. Don't worry, you just mide a fine video about exactly that 😊 P.S. I am Slovenian speaker, working with Slovaks,, I had a comic book published in Slovak language, and while producing the adaptation, we joked all the time about the similarities and differences.🎉
So you know what word Otroci means in Slovak?
10:36 You can use "japonského jazyka" instead of "japončiny" in Slovak as well.
16:35 You can rephrase the Slovak sentence to match the other languages (word by word):
- similar to Croatian: "Viac ľúbim jazzovú hudbu od rockovej hudby."
- similar to Slovenian: "Ja mám radšej jazzovú hudbu ako rockovú hudbu."
17:08 The Slovak word and the Slovenian word are etymologically related.
18.31 In Croatian is also ZNAM, as in Slovenian. Umijem is more used in Bosnia.
Slovenska rijeć za "znam/znati" je "vem/vedeti" isto kao i kod Slovaka i drugih Zapadno-Slavenskih jezika. Ovaj snimak nije baš dobro pravljen.
@MiralemMehanovic Vijem is like Slovenia vem.
@@atisalvaro Probably is just Ijekavian pronounce: Slovak, Polish, Kashubian, Sorbian: Viem/Wiem, Ekavian Slovene: Vem, Ikavian Czech: Vim, from proto slavic *vedeti (to know).
@MiralemMehanovic in Slovakia we have word VIEM, POZNÁM. Word ZNAM is used in one of the Slovak dialects. And in Czech language are all 3 words: UMÍM, ZNÁM, VÍM - and all similar- with slight different meaning - same as you mentioned in Bosnia. I mention Czech language, because in Slovakia it is our second most frequently used language (not for talking, but we still read plenty in Czech, watching Czech movies... youtubers... ) - so we understand all 3 words.
Samo īsto je v polštinu - znam , wiem umiem @@tienshinhan2524
5:34.... why is there picture of Tallinn when you spoke about Bratislava?
Mistake by the editor
5.35 that is not Bratislava
Good job, bro, thx for that. It could be funny to make some video about false friends between these languages. I know this funny one: Slovakian "fúkať" (= to blow) is impolite for Slovenians (= having sex with somebody else)... while Slovenian "pichat" can have the same unpolite meaning in Slovakian and Czech languages. But also "to sting" in common use. 😂
In addition, as many ppl wrote before me, it is possible to combine different inflections of the same word and you can get closer to the same meaning. I have Czech roots, living in Slovakia, so I can combine all together. If you had any questions, just let me know. I love comparing languages. ❤
Otrok in Czech & Slovak = Slave
Otrok in Slovene = Child
Otrok in Proto-Slavic = can mean both, slave & child.
I like Slavic false friends.
Slovene language uses about 20 percent of west slavic vocabulary which makes it useful when visiting Czechia and Slovakia
I am Serb & you Slovenes for me are originally West Slavic people that belong into same group as Slovaks, Czechs, Moravians. Greetins to you.
@@tienshinhan2524 I agree, they have nothing in common with Serbs.
@@YourD3estinY Well, all Serbs know that. Wer are more similar to Bulgarians.
Horváth is one of the most common surnames in Slovakia. That is because Slovakia is actually the original Horvatska - Hrvatska - Croatia. Today's Hrvatska is Crvena Hrvatska, and Slovakia is Bijela Hrvatska. Slovenija je danas etnički miks sa izmišljenom povijesti.
Sve Europske zemlje, pogotovo "Centralna" i Istočna, bolje da ne pominjem Balkan je/su "etnički miks".
The Croatian pronunciations make me cringe hard.
The dual number (just for two items) is also present in two sorbian languages (upper and lower) in germany. Besides: remnants of dual are slavic names for eyes and ears (the Proper Plural would be : okA and uXa) + in Polish ręce (originally the dual form used instead of the plural - ręki)
Yes, it still remains there... thanks for pointing that out
@@polyglotdreams In Slovenia we use plural for eyes (oči) and ears (ušesa) :) We use dual for everything else though.
Main point is full dual form of nouns, verbs, pronouns and adjectives. Of coirse, it is present in Slovene, upper and lower Sorbian (Lužiška Srbščina) languages and in Sanskrit.
5:34 This is Tallinn, Estonia and the Baltic Sea.
Editor mistake...
@@polyglotdreamsIf you were in Tallinn, you would have registered this error. The city has an unmistakable silhouette.
5:35 Sorry for offtopic but you have used the footage of Tallinn instead of Bratislava.
Yes... editor's mistake
The Croatian speaker has a strong Bosnian accent, that is particularly evident in the (weird for Croatia) pronounciation of vocals, Č and DŽ that are "stronger" than in Croatia (abecEdu instead of abecedu) . That way the official štokavian Croatian sounds a bit further from Slovenian than it typically.
Yes, all "e"s are atypically wide and general melody of lanugage is different.
Also, for "reading" in Slovenian we have two equaly and universaly understandable words - "brati - bere" and "čitati - čita" (similar to Croatian and Slovakian). While "čitati" is not used in everyday speach, everybody understand it. Not so long ago (50 years) it was used more frequently, for example a primary school grammar book was officially called "čitanka", while now it is "berilo".
Čítanka is exactly what it's called in Slovakia.
Nice comparison. 👍
Thanks
Hi, thank you for the great video, great job :) I would like to add one thing. I believe that we are missing one important historical parameter here. Slovenes were originally from a different wave of Slavic tribes than Croats and Serbs. Slovenes are widely considered to be South Slavic, but I don't think it's historically accurate (even though it's true nowadays). In the 7th and 8th centuries, their ancestors were situated between the South and West Slavic tribes. In the "Conversio Bagoariorum et Carantanorum" (about the conversion of the Corinthians), you can find interesting information about the Slovene ancestors who were living in what is now northern Slovenia and southern Austria. The German element later prevailed in Austria, dividing the Slovak (Nitran) and Slovene (Carinthian) populations. However, in Burgenland (a federal state of Austria), there are still Slovene settlements (mostly by ancestry today), very close to Slovak settlements on the other side of the Danube. So, until the 11th century, Slavic populations were widespread from Moravia to Istria. Only when the German element prevailed did Slovenes become separated from Western Slavic tribes/nations, and they began to gravitate towards the South Slavic direction. Hello from Slovakia and thank you again :)
Thanks so much for that insight.
You are completely right about it. Slavs asked help from Bavarians to defend the land from Avars and they under Charlemagne demanded to take over, convert and germanize the land. Which separated the Tribes and the language. Later a new wave of South Slavs started to appear that came from the Balkan area and populated mostly the southern part of Slovenia. The interesting part for me is that some Slovene dialects from the northern and a bit western parts of the country that were always a bit isolated sound almost identical to Slovak and Czech especially in how they pronounce words. It's a shame we lost contact with each other because I think there are more similarities between our nations than we want to admit.
Nobody knows the origins, all there is are diffrent theories.
@@N4TE_94 last year after many summer vacations spent in Croatia we decided to explore Julijske Alpe (from Kranjska Gora). I was surprised how similar the language is to my native slovenčina/Slovak l. Much closer than Croatian (which is also understandable pretty easily). I was speaking Slovak most of the time, sometimes using English just to specify the word. There wasn't a problem having conversations with natives using our mother tongues. I bet the languages sound the same for other foreigners visiting Slovenia, because many times I was asked to read the labels in the shops (bottles of mineral water and sot drinks mostly) and translate it for them. Fun fact - I was asked the same thing by my husband and sons since they didn't understand :-D (I guess they are just too lazy to try)
Kajkavian is actually a dialect of Slovenian language despite what Croat nationalist claim.
It is true.
Slovenian is a dialect of Kajkavian. Prekmurje used to be a part of Archdiocese of Zagreb for years, and even today eastern "Slovenian" sounds like Kajkavian, while standard "Slovenian" phonetically sounds like Croatian literary. Kajkavians never inverted reading numbers (41: Croatian lit.: četrdeset i jedan, Croatian kajk.: četrset i jen Slovenian: ena in štirideset), Kajkavians never use the following to bind the words like Slovenians do: kjer, oz, ko, kar, ampak, vendar, ali, kot, tudi, sicer, torej... Not to mention words like beseda, otrok, fantje or rdeče... Greetings from Croatian Međimurje, the seat of Croatian rulers Zrinski's. th-cam.com/video/-8fD8u6IuCA/w-d-xo.html th-cam.com/video/3Xlv-QisrqA/w-d-xo.htmlsi=9QYEkdJWM7rjlMRR
@@unincorner4277 All of those words that you mention are Slovene litteral words not dialectal words just like in many dialects of any Slavic language. Slovene copy reading of numbers from German (from right to left) but not all numbers are read from right to left how I know.
@@unincorner4277 When you poor bastards used Vatican and Hungarians to stole Slovene lands, yes!
The question article we never really use, we just say "Si pripravljen?". I'm starting to suspect that standard literary Slovenian is artificially designed to look more south Slavic.
It is an artifical language. Every Slovene speaks in some form of a dialect, some are closer some are more distant from the standard one.
@@nylixneylix8785 I agree, but every "standard Slavic" language is "more or less" artifical.
Kajkavian should be counted among Slovene dialects, Sthokavian was originaly a Bosnian and Serbian dialectical group and Chakavian is a true Croatian dialectical group. Slovenian is in reality a mix of West and South Slavic, but because of historical reasons became closer to the South Slavic.
Edit: ofcourse dialects and languages influence each other, so there are cases of mixed Chakavian-Kajkavian dialects as well for example (northern Istria).
Not true, thats not hot languages work. They are not bound to todays idea of nationality. Kaj is west/south slavic word, not owned by Slovenes. In polish dialects it can also mean "where". Sthokavian wasnt originaly Bosnian or Serbian, it originated from "Czo" and "Czto" from Old Church Slavonic, as a softer sound "Szto" and "Szo" (softening being human language thing where humans prefere open soft sounds at the begining of words and kard short at the end). And of course people in todays Croatia spoke "szo/szto" independent of any 1991 Serbian rule book. But what ur are confusing it with is what dialect was taken as a medium for Yugo, it was a South Bosnian, where majority Croats lived and still do. There people spoke ("Szto" and "Bjelo") and it was chosen as it is more understandable to west Croats and east Makedonians. But indepenent from that, many Croats already spoke like that and Serbs also. Language doesnt care about borders.
@@TooGumbica Language is shaped by history (in a sense). I didn't say anything about borders or Poland, and clearly you don't know the history of the region, or you have your own view of it.
As a Kajkavian, I can confirm that Kajkavian is more similar to Slovenian than standard Croatian. Maybe not a dialect but they are of the same origin.
@@milfredcummings717 With time and outside influences everything start to change. Kajkavian used to be spoken deep in Slavonia as well.
@@valentintapata2268 I absolutely know and speak more Slavic languages u can count to
Here is something that I'd like to add to the comparison of these languages that I think is kind of interesting.
I am semi-fluent in Slovenian. My Slovenian is moderately good for someone who grew up outside of Slovenia with Slovenian parents.
What is kind of unusual is that despite the fact that the South Slavic and West Slavic countries are grouped together geographically, but with the two groups being separated by Austria and Hungary, Slovenian, spoken in the South Slavic region, to my ear sounds in some ways more like Czech and Slovak than it does to Croatian or the remaining South Slavic languages. What I mean by this is the sound or phonology of the languages, and not the similarity or difference in vocabulary.
Croatian and Serbian are often lumped together as the one language of Serbo-Croatian, but of course with distinct dialects. To me Bosnian and Macedonian sound similar to Serbo-Croatian. The structure of Macedonian is fairly different though, one difference being that Macedonian is absent of case inflection that most Slavic languages posess. Bulgarian is supposed to be similar to Macedonian.
To my ear, Serbo-Croatian and the other South Slavic languages have a lower pitched sound, probably the result of a greater tendency to pharyngealization, which means the articulation tends to be weighted back more towards the throat, which is to say that the back part of the mouth is narrowed to a greater extent during speech. Standard Slovenian, at least, is spoken with less pharyngealization and carries a somewhat higher pitched sound, similar to Czech and Slovak.
There also is this curious difference between Slovenian and Serb-Croatian in which syllable stress positioning is often reversed between the two languages. Very often, if syllable stress is more towards one end of the word in Slovenian, it will be at the opposite end in the same word if it is found in Serbo-Croatian. Because of this, and the overall different levels of pharyngealizations and pitch you get between the two languages, these two languages have pretty distinct and different sound qualities and flavors, at least as they sound to me.
This divergence in sound quality I sometimes describe as being a bit like the difference between a Viennese Waltz or Bach Fugue, versus a tango; with Slovenian, Czech, and Slovak sounding more like a Viennese Waltz, while Serbo-Croatian and other South Slavic languages having a sound that is a bit more like a tango (or maybe a Greek Nisiotika or Rebetiko), at least in the case of the standard varieties of these languages.
On the other hand, phonologically, standard Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian are similar in that they largely adhere to the use of the "pure vowels": a, e, i, o, and u, as in standard Italian and Spanish. In contrast, standard Czech and Slovak, from what I can tell with limited knowledge of these languages, is that they have a greater range of vowels going beyond the basic 5 of the pure vowels.
Part of the reason for Slovenian having a sound that is a bit more like that of Czech and Slovak could possibly have something to do with Slovenia, Czechia, and Slovakia having a cultural history more intertwined with German speaking countries than other Slavic countries. Slovenia, Czechia, and Slovakia are all adjacent German speaking areas.
Poland is also adjacent Germany. Polish too seems to be less pharyngealized having a higher pitched sound like Czech, Slovak, and Slovenian. Polish, though, seems to have particularly large amounts of sh and ch sounds and variations of these sounds, giving it a unique sound, that I managed to confuse with Russian on one occasion. Maybe that Polish-origin plumber had an unusual dialect. I'm not that familiar with some of these languages or their dialects.
The South Slavic countries other than Slovenia are more in the Balkan region and the Balkan linguistic area. Croatia, and to some extent Serbia, have had more cultural overlap with Hungary.
The East Slavic languages of Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarus, again have more pharyngealization going on, and generally have a lower pitch quality, but with a sound that's different from South Slavic languages. The East Slavic languages also have more extensive use of the schwa sound, and may have a bit more of a nasal sound. I can't differentiate between Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarus.
the word Slovenian
The language, person reference, and adjective "Slovenian" has as a synonym, "Slovene". The official pronunciation of Slovenian is /sloʊˈvinjən/, but I and possibly other Slovenians may find /sloʊˈveɪnjən/ preferable, since the second pronunciation is more Slovenian sounding. Slovene is pronounced /ˈsloʊvin/. Slovene seems to be the almost-more-official-and-acceptable form in English, but to a Slovenian, the word "Slovene" may sound a bit weird. If you’re an English speaking Slovenian, "Slovene" and "Slovenian", pronounced /sloʊˈvinjən/, will sound oddly a bit like the English word "wiener".
Growing up my mother called "wieners", "vinartse", which I presume is a Slovenianization of "wieners".
@@anthonykranjc4379 Slovens are the nearest group to Slovaks in the given direction, just with that gap filled with "intruders' - the area in between called Austria is Germanized and Hungary is Magyarized. It is plausible there was a continuum of dialects between the two Slavic groups originally, but these groups were never direct neighbors and the assimilated area represents a bridge on ruins for centuries.
@@eltwarg6388 That's an interesting point that I was sort of aware of but which I didn't mention anything about.
geography
On a map, it's a bit hard to say if Czechia or Slovakia is closer to Slovenia. They're both at a similar distance, but more of Czechia as a whole is closer to Slovenia.
Alpine pre Magyar and German period
Before the Magyars moved into the Pannonian area in 896 CE, and the Germans pushed and wedged into the area of Austria, that whole Alpine area seems to have been inhabited by Slavic peoples going back to maybe the 5 to 6 hundreds. So, the Slavs in the entire Alpine area that today comprises Czechia, Slovakia, and Slovenia and areas in between would have been occupied by Slavic tribes speaking a similar Slavic language (with possibly one or two kingdoms arising).
Slovenia and two migratory waves
According to some sources, the people of Slovenia are descendants of possibly two major Slavic migration waves: one coming from the north through the Alpine region, and another coming up from the south through the Balkans. The migration waves coming from the north would presumably have included the ancestors of the Czechs and Slovaks. Those Alpine Slavic migrations may or may not have migrated much further south into Croatia and the Balkans.
Croatian ethnogenesis
Croatian ethnogenesis, appears to be quite a complex and many theoried affair. One theory floating out there that I can no longer find and which I may not be remembering correctly, posits that Croatia underwent a process similar to Bulgaria. In the case of Croatia, Slavs were the predominant settlers in Croatia. Then a second group invaded, possible a Turkic group, who though less in number were the more powerful and formed the elite. Slavs were greater in numbers and assimilated the other group. A Slavic language came to predominate.
Bulgaria
In the case of Bulgaria and Bulgarians, the Turkic Bulgars invaded the Slavic inhabited area of Bulgaria around 680 CE, became the dominant elite class in a Slav majority polity, became assimilated by the Slavic language and culture, with a Slavic language eventually becoming predominant.
other inflluences
The Slavs that migrated into the Balkans would also have mixed with the earlier Illyrian peoples. Their languages conceivably could have had some influence on the Slavic languages of the Balkans (if they were still speaking it), and possibly more so on the languages further south and west in the Balkans. Roman speaking Romans in the area would also have been assimilated, as well as other groups such as Goths.
Slovenian, Czech, Slovak link
So for these reasons, Slovenian, despite being geographically closer to Croatia and closest to Croatian vocabulary-wise, so they say, Slovenian would have this other historical link to the other Slavic Alpine Slavs. These reasons may explain why Slovenian phonologically in some ways seems closer to Czech and Slovak, and maybe even Polish. Apparently, Slovenian is sometimes more like Czech and/or Slovak with regards to vocabulary.
Germanic influence
Proximity to German speaking areas then may or may not have played a role in the lesser pharyngealization and higher overall pitch of the Slavic languages in areas that are adjacent to German speaking regions (Slovenia, Czechia, Slovakia, Poland).
source
This pharyngealization and pitch pattern in Slavic languages is entirely from my own observation through acquaintance with these languages, which is fairly limited beyond Slovenian, and is not really extensive with Serbo-Croatian. I suppose that you don't have to be fluent in a language to get a good idea of what it sounds like.
FREQUENCY OF /J/ AND PALATALIZATION
Another pattern I've noticed, for starters at least between Slovenian and Croatian, is a greater tendency for Croatian to include the /j/ sound in words.
example:
river = reka (Slovenian) = rijeka (Croatian) = rijeka (Bosnian) = rijeka (Serbian: Ljekavian dialect) = reka (Serbian: Ekavian dialect)
The other thing that I've noticed that bears some similarity to this pattern, is that in Russian, and presumably also Ukrainian and Belarus, you also get more inclusion of /j/ in words, as well as more palatalization, which is the altering of consonants and vowels to have more of a secondary /j/ articulation that produces more of a /j/ sound.
HIGH-LOW PITCH SLAVIC PATTERN MODEL
Here, I'm going to throw out a model on a possible pattern in Slavic languages.
group classifications
I propose a model consisting of two groups, a pattern that will apply largely to the standard form of these languages :
- high pitch Slavic languages
- low pitch Slavic languages
language distribution
- high pitch Slavic languages
Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian
- low pitch Slavic languages
Russian, Ukrainian, Belarus, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, Bosnian, Croatian
description
- high pitch languages
The high pitch Slavic languages tend to exhibit a somewhat higher overall pitch because of articulation being weighted more forward, meaning less palatalization, velarization, and pharyngealization. What this means is that the back of the mouth and throat tend to be more open giving more articulation weight forward in the mouth and creating on overall higher pitch sound.
From what I understand of choir singing, the opening of the back of the mouth and throat gets encouraged to be more open to create more open and higher pitched (maybe sonorous) vowel sounds.
- low pitch languages
The low pitch Slavic languages tend to exhibit a somewhat lower overall pitch because of articulation being weighted more back into the mouth and throat. This happens because there is more palatalization, velarization, and pharyngealization which involves the back of the mouth and throat being made more narrow.
OTHER PATTERNS
There are a few other patterns that I've noticed that complement or overlap the high-low pitch pattern.
pure vowels
Standard Slovenian, Croatian, Serbian, and presumably Bosnian, I believe tend to stick to the use of the pure vowels, as they are sometimes called.
/ɑ, e, i, ɔ, u/
This is similar to standard Italian and Spanish.
To what extent this applies to Macedonian and Bulgarian, I don't know exactly.
This tendency, again, applies to the standard forms of these languages and can stray considerably from this for non-standard forms.
non-pure and centralized vowels
From what I can tell, the standard forms of Western Slavic languages utilize a greater range of vowel types than do the northern Southern Slavic languages, going beyond the basic pure vowels and include more centralized vowels, including vowels such as /ɪ, ʌ, ʊ/ as well as the schwa /ə/. I would guess that non-standard dialects would often utilize even a greater range of vowels.
Similarly, the standard forms of Eastern Slavic languages, Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarus, similarly utilize a wider range of vowels and include considerable use of the centralized vowels. The combination of considerable use of palatalization, velarization, and pharyngealization that creates an overall lower pitch, and then the extensive use of centralized vowels, can give the Eastern Slavic languages almost a bit more of what might be described as a twangy and nasal sound relative some of the other Slavic languages.
/j/ frequency
Going back to /j/ frequency. There may be a tendency for the high pitch Slavic languages to utilize the /j/ sound less in words, and the low pitch Slavic languages to utilize more of the /j/ sound in words.
I'm fairly certain of this being the case with Slovenian and Croatian, in which the high pitch mode Slovenian uses less /j/ in words, and low pitch mode Croatian uses more /j/ sounds. I would assume that Serbian is similar to Croatian, but I'm not certain for all of its dialects. My guess would be that low pitch mode Macedonian and Bulgarian might also tend to more /j/ sounds, but I'm not familiar enough with these languages to say for certain.
From what I can tell of the high pitch mode Western Slavic languages of Czech, Slovak, and Polish, they may utilize the /j/ to a lesser degree like Slovenian. That's how it can seem, but I'm not sure.
Then with the lower pitch mode languages of Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarus, I believe that they use quite a bit of the /j/ as well as palatalization.
So, overall, there may be a tendency for low pitch mode Slavic languages to include more of the /j/ sound in words, and for the high pitch mode Slavic languages to include less of the /j/ sound in words. I'd have to have more familiarity with these languages than I currently do to say for certain.
So, this is a theory and some pattern ideas that I've observed and more recently formulated.
Maybe I should summarize into a concise form this entire comment thread and put it into an entirely different comment. Comment fields have size limitations, though.
@@anthonykranjc4379 Well, in Croatian outside of the standard language, both reka and rika would be fine for the word rijeka. Even the city of Rijeka in Croatia, although being officially called Rijeka, is often called Reka and Rika by the locals.
Croatian Kajkavian language is also very similar to Slovene.
In Slovenian we don't realy say Ali si pripravljen. We usually say Si pripravljen.
With intonation, then.
Yes. Book Slovenian is very different from what people on the street speak.
Janez reče Micki: A, B? Micka reče "B"
Three ways - exaples for both sexes: Litteraly/standard language: Ali si pripravljen/a? Colloquial: A'si pripravljen/a or shorter also correct, ommiting Ali(A') Si pripravljen/a?
BTW, Croatian spreman/spremna
Depends on the dialect. Every body speaks in some form of a dialect. The standard Slovene language is an artifical language.
Actually, "reče" is wrong there in Slovenian, that's the perfective "says", the correct imperfective is "govori" or "pravi". Also, in Croatian, "kaže" is also acceptable in place of "govori".
Kajkavian is basically Slovene
Closest to which dialect of Slovene?
@@polyglotdreams It's not closest to some dialect of Slovenian, it's the eastern Slovenian dialect, identical to that spoken in Ormoz or in Prlekija, ie. eastern Styria (east-southern Styria if we consider the whole of Styria as it was under the Habsburgs). Even the Croatian linguists who have no political agenda (such a case is Snjezana Kordic in her famous book Jezik i nationalizam) recognize this fact. Kajkavian is not a Croatian dialect, it's considered Croatian only because of the influence of the Bischoftum Agram (the bishopric of Zagreb) and 200 years of clerical campaigning for the Croatian name among the KAjkavians, and because of the political will of the polit-Croatians to assimilate the Slovenians in their territories.
@@zalozbaignis2229 You have a serious problem with nationalism. I don't know exactly what type he is, but it sounds like you are under the influence of "Serbs all and everywhere".
I am Chakavian and I understand 95% of the Kajkavian dialect, while I barely understand 50% of Slovenian.
As far as Serbian and Croatian are concerned, all the oldest records, all literary works and dictionaries are from the territory of Croatia.
Name me at least one work from the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries for which the attribution is in Serbian!? The names "Ilirski", "slovinski" or Croatian were used as synonyms, but not Serbian.
There are some grammatical differences
@@soksb3766 How then do the Kajkavians understand us when we speak Slovenian, accept that the Kajkavians are Slovenians but were politically forced to be Croats
Nice video. Here are some inputs regarding Croatian. Hardly anyone would say "Ja umijem pjevati" for "I can sing". Most people would say "Ja znam pjevati" or in most cases just "Znam pjevati". Also, "njen/njezin" are interchangeable in Croatian. In Mediterranean parts of the country, people will predominantly say "4 popodne" rather than "4 poslijepodne" for "4 pm". All these make similarities to Slovenian even greater.
I am not a linguist, but i speak fluent slovenian and croatian and i have pretty good understanding of czech and slovak languges. As i was learning czech i came to realize that slovenian is basically a west slavic language (in it’s core) that was heavily influenced by croatian language. I think this is pretty clear to anyone that speaks all of these languages. Ofcourse, if you are a nationalist and don’t care about languages, then you can make up other stories.
Slavenski jezici su bili spojeni dok ih nisu razdvojili Mađari, kad su Mađari stigli onda se jednostavno od Austrije do Rumunjske stvorio pojas neslavenskih jezika i Slavenski jezici su se odvojili unatoč tome svi su donekle slični i dalje s tim da je naprimjer Poljski najrazličitiji naspram Južnoslavenskih dok su Slovački i Češki ostali sličniji kad su zapadnoslavenski jezici u pitanju.
@@stipe3124 Na Slovensku (Slovačka) je 20% populácie chorvátskeho pôvodu!
No, Slovenian is clearly southern.
@@nylixneylix8785 Not historically. Today yes... more or less only in geographical term with huge "South-Slavic" influence.
I've been reading Croatian newspapers from before WW 1 era(around 1910) and Croatian at that time was much closer to Slovenian language than it is today.It tilted towards Serbian during Yugoslav period.
Slovak equivalent of : Ali, Li, is : Či , but we use it a little bit differently.
We also have " Kázať " but it has the meaning : give an order, or giveing a speach.
The eastern slovak dialect is even more simmilar to Slovinian. exp. : Takoj,Znam, is the same.
Thanks, I should have made it clear that it exists but intonation is more commonly used.
Slovenčina is Slovak, Slovenščina is Slovene.
Slovensko is the same in both! Slovinsko is from Czech if i remember correctly.
Slovene was historically closer to Slovak and Czech (we're talking about 1000+ years ago), now it's somewhere in between serbo-croatian and slovak (sounds like slovak but not really).
Slovensko means Slovakia in both Slovak and Czech. Slovenija means Slovenia in their language. And Slovinsko is Slovenia in Slovak and Czech. A bit confusing, I admit😅
Slovenes took Serbo-Croatian Gaj's Alphabet in 19. century & huge words from Yugoslav era. I am Serb & for my Slovene is like "South-Slavicized/Serbo-Croatized" West Slavic.
@@tienshinhan2524 It's based on it, like Gaj's is based on Hus', and i'm glad! Have you seen the alternatives / older alphabets? :)
@@miran248 based but also used, just as LJ & NJ. Ljublana should be Lublana, Metulj, Metul, Njega/Jega etc.
@@tienshinhan2524 Not sure about _should_ but who knows what the language will look like in the future.
Speaking of these, do you actually use Њ and Љ or are they written separately?
I think that a good idea will be a video about macedonian language, and if those language is closer to bulgarian or serbian. Macedonian has a grammar more similar to bulgarian and torlac dialects, but vocabulary more similar to serbian. So I consise4 a video about those topic would be very interesting.
FYI: Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin are all marginally different dialects of the same language, which during Jugoslavia used to be called Serbocroatian. Calling this language with these nation-based names is like calling English Australian, USA-ian, Canadian, etc. It may be confusing to the people who don't speak this language, but to all of us who know it, we also know that this name-calling is simply nationalistic rhetoric/bullshit.
9:53 but "Začínajú" (Slovak) is plural. That sentence should have been more correctly as follows: "Vyučovanie (or "Výučba" alternatively "Hodina") nemeckého jazyka začne dnes".
Which is already a bit closer to both Slovenian and Croatian
Dejmo spremenit ime v Karantanija. Pa spremenmo to neizvirno zastavo...
Karantanija je bila samo del slovenskiih dežel, čeprav največji del. Zastava pa bi morala biti rdeče-modra-rumena. Te barve niso izvirale iz pan Slovanskih barv, temveč barv grba vojvodine Kranjske. Ko so Kranjski vojaki rešili cesarja v bitki s Turki, jim je v zahvalo dal zlato barvo v grb, katere pa naši politiki niso zmogli dati v zastavo kot rumena barva. Zadnji Habsburški cesar je hotel ta dekret ukiniti, pa ga je prehitela prva svetovna vojna. 🙂 Tako bi imeli unikatno zastavo, ki se ne bi zamenjevala z drugimi.
in kaikavian is also "prosim" ... kaikavian is close to Slovenian standard and in general to west Slavic languages ...
You totally messed up not just the pronunciations (which would've been forgivable) but even the spelling, in the very first minute of the into. Why should anyone trust you in anything that follows?
it all dates back to the Avar empire. The Slavic population of Central Europe came with the Avars. They later freed themselves from their Avar overlords with help from different outside groups. The Slovenes asked the Bavarians (Austrians) for help and than stayed for centuries under Austrian rule, while the Slovaks gained independence from the Avars with Frankish help and the Croatians with Byzantine help, only to fall both under Hungarian rule shortly after and staying with Hungary for almost 1000 years.
Croatian sounds noticeably different from Slovenian and Slovakian because it developed further to the South, respectively the dialects on which the Croatian Standard language is based. There was a migration from South to North during the 15th and 16th century, when many Southern Croats fled from the Ottoman threat and on their dialect modern Standard Croatian is mostly based. Therefore some Northern Croatian dialects are closer to Slovenian than the Croatian standard language.
Thanks... very interesting background
sLOVEnia is #1 of slavic nation ❤
A beautiful country, language and culture
Ahoj. Kto je č.1......to vieme zistiť na pozorovaní jazyka. No Sloven-sko a Sloven-ija kedysi určite boli tí istí ľudia. ❤.
To isté platí na sLOVEnsko. Ak to chcem pochopiť, musíme používať endonym. ❤
@@janbolf3479 Seveda. Ko slovak in slovakinja dobita otroke, se ti imenujejo slovenci.
Banana republic.
I do not agree in several cases - for me Slovak and Slovenian forms are often more similar- danes form me is more like dnes than danas, when you say dnes i can here mute a there d'(a)nes
I agree with you. I am Serb. Slovene original word for "day/today" is "den/denes", with "e" not "a". In Yugoslavia Slovene language was adapted to Serbo-Croatian, as Yugoslav "Lingua Franca" language. In Slovene dialects "day/today" is still "den/denes". For example week is still "teden" & not "tedan".
Forget about Wikipedia and other western encyclopedia sources, We Slovenes are a part of western slavic group we are not south slavs.
14:12 Word order is quite flexible in Slovak language. There are many valid combinations (not all combinations are valid), where the word order is used to emphasize importance on what is being said.