Tungsten - The MOST REFRACTORY Metal ON EARTH!
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 26 ส.ค. 2024
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So, today I will tell you about the top refractory metal on Earth - tungsten. Tungsten is one of the transition metals, and is located in group 6 of the periodic table of chemical elements.
It got it’s name from the mineral wolframite, from which this mineral is obtained. Also, a tiny fun fact, wolfram is a Swedish word.
Now if we look at the appearance, tungsten looks like a shiny metal with gray tint, though if you hold a rod of tungsten in the hand you may experience one special characteristic. The density of tungsten is almost 20 grams per cubic centimeter, which is very close to the density of gold.
That is the reason why tungsten was used for faking gold bars. A couple of years ago there was news that some gold bars had a filling of tungsten inside, which of course is significantly cheaper than gold.
Though the forgery causes skepticism among some scientists.
To clearly demonstrate to you how much is 20 gram per cubic centimeter, I will compare the mass of a rod of tungsten and a rod of magnesium.
As you can see, the tungsten rod is not only several times smaller than the magnesium one, but is also even heavier than the latter.
Also, tungsten is a fairly brittle metal, it is plastic only when it has a very high purity. In addition, tungsten has the highest tensile strength.
However, this is not the main feature of this metal. To melt a piece of tungsten, you need to reach an extremely high temperature of 3422 degrees Celsius.
That is why this metal was at first used as the filament in incandescent bulbs.
However, if you pass a current through the thin tungsten filament, it can overheat and then break, thereby ceasing any production of light .
All is due to the fact that in air tungsten oxidizes at a high temperature, forming on its surface oxides of tungsten.
Also, the tungsten rod after calcination with a gas burner obtains beautiful colored stains, caused by the different thickness of the oxide film on the metal surface.
However, in light bulbs it’s not really about the beauty, more about the ability to actually produce light, hence all the oxygen from the bulb is pumped out and is replaced with a mixture of nitrogen and argon under reduced pressure.
In these circumstances, the filament can shine for quite a long time. Also another fun fact, when taking pictures of the the filament in macro I’ve noticed the difference of the more powerful old light bulbs and the less powerful modern ones.
In the old light bulbs the filament is made simply in the form of a spiral, but it turns out the modern ones have a double helix, making the filament thinner, which creates more sections of uneven thickness in the yarn, which then leads to the more rapid failure of the bulb. From a chemical point of view, tungsten is fairly stable, it is not soluble in hydrochloric or sulphuric acids. And the most stable compounds of hexavalent tungsten, such as, for example, the sodium tungstate are used as a catalyst of epoxidation in the organic synthesis, andin manufacturing of pigments. Sodium tungstate is soluble in water, but instead of water I will use the 30% acetic acid to obtain the so-called tungsten blue pigment that has a very intense color.
To do this, we’ll add a piece of magnesium to the test-tube. Magnesium reacts with acetic acid, releasing hydrogen, which in turn recovers tungsten from the hexavalent state to tungsten oxide 3 with an admixture of other oxides.
The formed particles of oxides are of a small size, allowing them to form colloidal solution of a bright blue or blue-green color.
The shade depends mainly on the acidity of the environment.
The obtained tungsten blue can be used as a good dye for fabric, paper or other items that have the ability to adsorb particles of tungsten blue.
The metal tungsten has a very high hardness and is hardly turned on the grinding wheel. Today tungsten finds many applications.
First and foremost, this metal is used in filaments for the halogen lamps, refractory electrodes for argon-arc welding, as well as in hard projectile cores in some military shells. The most common substance of the tungsten compounds is tungsten carbide, which also goes by the name Pobedit but mainly in Russia (which if you translate that to English means “will win”). It is mostly used as a cutter when machining metals or stones because of its high hardness. Quality high hardness steel would almost always be composed of tungsten. So that’s what this metal tungsten is like, which is found in practically every house and has the most interesting and unique properties.
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Great video. Something important that you missed is that tungsten is used on the tips of nearly all ballpoint pens.
Ballpoint pens use tungsten carbide rather than pure tungsten. The carbide is much harder than the metal.
peglor correct
I thought I heard at one point that many ballpoint pens used osmium for their nibs? Tungsten makes more sense, I believe its a bit easier to work with and cheaper.
peglor Interesting! Thanks!
Some rare metals are used for fountain pen nibs, which include osmium, the densest of all elements. It's usually alloyed with the second densest element, Iridium and makes very durable nib tips. Osmium oxide is extremely harmful even at tiny concentrations, so it has to be bonded to something else to be safe for people to use.
"So this is the greatest metal on earth that cant melt"
-Me after Dr.stone
*the most heat resistant metal in the world
bruh that's why I've checked this video (the main reason) :))
BAHAHA
yes this is the wonder metal
I came here from Dr. Stone too!
I'm a clinical engineer. Tungsten is the anode in just about every xray tube you've encountered. Minus Mammo tubes, those can be one of 4 different types, iirc. Rhodium being most used. Slap tungsten with 10s of thousands of volts and it emits radiation. Any material emits photons when energy is applied to it but Tungsten is EXTREMELY resilient and also produces very good emissions in the xray or gamma spectrum.
TEll me more!
@@jedibrooks7235it’s basically hard to burn tungsten.
Wolfram is not a Swedish Word. Tungsten on the other hand is, it means heavy rock (stone). Wolfram is german for Wolfs froth (froth like drool)
yes.
Fram is no german word.
rahm (German) = cream (English)
Gregor Shapiro:
But "ram" (without h) is also swedish and means frame.
Very distracting the whole namegiving around Wolfram/Tungsten.
+Unix Based, Now 'ewe' are going off on a tangent!
Minor correction: Modern Tungsten filaments are wound in a supercoil (a coil made of coiled wire), not a double helix. DNA has both of those properties, it's a supercoiled string whose chemical structure is a double helix.
Dr stone gets to tungsten
Everyone starts watching tungsten videos😁
I came here straight from Doctor stone episode 21
Damn I can't believe that I would find others too!
Wowww sameee
Same lol
Haha me TOO 😂 😂 😂
My Anime World me tooo:)))))
Tungsten also used in the manufacture of X-ray tubes, for both the anode and cathode side. The cathode side is generally one or two filaments much like a light bulb. While the anode on the more power x-ray tubes is shaped like a cone with the tip cut off and is mounted to a motor to spin. Even though tungsten is one of the hardest metals known to man the energy of the electrons passing from the cathode to the anode pits the anode causing failures, which is why the larger x-ray tubes have a motor so the electrons don't hit the same place on the anode prolonging the life of the x-ray tube. Another fact, the x-ray tubes have 20KiloVolts (KV) to 150KV. For the electricians out there, if set to max KV and you measure across the tube you get 150KV however if you went from cathode to ground and again from anode to ground you'd only measure +/- 75KV. Because most electronics will put a negative voltage on the cathode and a positive voltage and the anode giving you the total KV.
1) My wife and I really love your videos! Thank you for putting in the time, resources and effort to create them and even more so for sharing them with the rest of us!
2) My wife and I would enjoy your videos more if you could make the volume more consistent, namely the outro music.
I have a disease called Complex Regional Pain Syndrome/Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (CRPS/RSD), per the McGill pain scale it's the most painful chronic disease one can get¹. This is _only_ relevant because I'm extremely sensitive to sounds, especially sudden changes in volume or really anything that causes my adrenaline to spike.
¹ As there is no tone nor body language via text) To be clear: this is *_NOT_* a cry for sympathy, an attempt to manipulate or anything other than me explaining why I'm making such a request.
I've had this disease for 16years or so now and while it's not pleasant, I have adjusted and learned to get by.
Also, please understand that in my world, talking about pain is a lot like talking about how I slept last night - just a normal, everyday part of life so I hope you will be able to see it in that way too =)
Finally:
*Please note:* You are under *zero* obligation to give a shit about my opinion and/or preferences! This is your channel and should be ran as you'd like it to be. I am *_only_* expressing _my_ opinion, which may very well differ from the overall average of opinions of your viewers as a whole.
I hope you will take my opinion into consideration only to the extent you would any of your viewers and that it will only carry the weight equivalent to my views - in otherwords, my wife and I are only 1/N (avg number of viewers per video, as we watch together) so do what is best for you =)
Sorry so long! I suck at concise! Thanks again for doing what you do!
Brother !❤️
Tungsten rods are often used in high quality firearms as the recoil spring's guide rod. The added weight up front is a very effective recoil dampener.
I've only heard of the MP7 using powdered tungsten as a weight in the bolt. Can you name some specific models that use said rods?
@@mikehawk-yt5rv as far as I know, so far it is an aftermarket item that can be purchased such as a recoil spring guide. I recall there are some hunting rifles and shotguns that do the same by drilling into the stock and bedding it in.
@@ScottAT neat, thanks for the info
Who come here cause of dr stone?
Here
YES!
Holy shit, yes.
Oh my yes
Lol me
ONE WORD . DR STONE
GOOD BYE
Tungsten is the big boss of metal
Nope it is not, industrial diamond is.
Diamond is not a metal as defined by chemists (as opposed to astronomers). It is one of the best electric insulators and heat conductors simultaneously, however.
Oh well you never stop learning,
Tungsten is the small slave of metal
onehit pick Diamond is the allotropic form of carbon
Babe!
Tungsten in Swedish is
*heavy rock/stone*
Rasmon 1234 that makes sense actually, since tungsten is so dense
Andrei Danilov like you
his mum not fat. but ur mom gay ;)
jävla idiot tungsten på danska betyder samma sak.
dense rock
heavy metal
death metal
post rock
alternative rock
Tungsten.... tung stein xD sounds very skandinavian yes
not stein it is sten
I just love this channel
I just hate this channel
I just like this channel
I just fu*k this channel
My English will never be the same again. But aye! I appreciate the effort to teach so many as possible. Thanks
I love his 'however'
Juwewe
hauewereh
Maybe a Tuvac admirer?
Pigeon Productions yo también!
Pigeon Productions its heavier
Any other TIG welders watching this?
oh hey bro, love your channel. Sorry it took 3 years for you to get a reply!! Yeah im a welder too, my skills dont hold a candle to yours though!!
th-cam.com/video/Bj5ok_e_fnQ/w-d-xo.html
Yessir
I used to machine a lot of parts from machinable tungsten. The company I made the parts for was in the business of making spectrographic instruments to inspect silicone wafers for computer chips.
That's cool af
Just to clarify; Tungsten comes from Swedish and means "heavy rock". However, in Swedish it is called Volfram. Strange isn't it?
It's also funny that in Latin America, most countries use the Maya word «Tiza» to mean «Chalk» (Mayas were from some regions inside Mexico), however in Mexico, we say «Gis», a word that comes from Latin.
Ranâ Onety If you look periodic table you will find other difference too vs english. Sodium is natrium, symbol is Na.
@@XtreeM_FaiL the diference is that over 90% of the world use Latin as science language but sodium and other names are named in "folk", so in periodic table of elements all names are in Latin version of scientis or place of first found. And there are some honorable nomenclature like Mendelevium or Chirium Anstainium.... Hidrogen on my language we call Vodonik (wather maker), oxigen we call Kiseonik (what we breathing), Carbon we call Ugljenik (from coal), Nitrogen we call Azot (freshnes), Aurum you call Gold we call Zlato Russians call it Zoloto... And in chemistry we just use latin names because its science and it shuld have same names and mesurments in all part of the world. And we use metric and we had imperial system like you but we want progres... when all ppl start to use 1 type of criteria of mesuring some things that will be big step for Earth civilisation.
@@konstantinbodin9936 what is your language?
Is it a national tungsten holiday? Toafladermaus just shot a cube of tungsten.
And Thoisoi "burned" some W.
That video brought me here.
toafladermaus sounds like toa fladdermus which is toilet bat in swedish..
Great video as always. I enjoy how like many of the other transition metals, tungsten changes colors depending on the thickness of oxide.
2:41 "awzo anaza fan fucked" lol
You've never heard me speak Russian. заткнись
Because of your accent, i actually find myself paying closer attention and learning more than i would have. Love it
Interesting fact about its refractivity. I heated the blade on a hobby knife a while back and was wondering for a long time why it had beautiful, blue iridescent marks on it.
Wolfram is the GERMAN word. TUNGSTEN is the Swedish word.
Oh i did questioned me that a Few Weeks ago ( i am German BTW) thanks
Wolfram is also used in Norway
@@marcusfigved7593 hahahaha du figgst ferde
I laughed when he said it was a Swedish word. Peak humor.
I build tesla coils as a hobby. Tungsten is the ideal metal for use as tesla coil spark gap electrodes because of its high melting point.
We need more russian accent on the web.
Please one time I wan't him to say b4 he reacts 2 chemicals together to get them close in the shot and say "I must destroy you" Drago forever.
We need more ...... cowbell !!
Michael Hyre I must BREAK you.
ok...get Trump's handlers on the phone.
that was an amazing episode of dr stone
You also should mention that tungsten is used as an X-ray anode target to produce X-rays in radiology machines.
It's mainly used as an electrode for TIG welding (Tungsten Inert Gas). This is due to the high strength of the material and the excellent heat resistance. Old X-ray tubes had a tungsten electrode in them (kind of a flat disc angled at 45 degree).
Some Say That Tungsten Is One Of The Strongest Metals On Earth.. But It’s Actually Vibranium.. Rumors Say It Was Originally Found In South America But It Was Actually Found In Africa!
This should help me with my science final
Love your videos , subscribed. You’re accent also makes the videos more fun to watch
I enjoy learning new things from you. Keep things coming.
I recovered thorium oxide from 2% thoriated tig rods but dissolving the tungsten in a 35% hydrogen peroxide mixture. It took a few weeks but it netted me about 20grams of thorium oxide!
danceofcurse The mantles for my gasoline Lanterns are made from pure thorium oxide (thorium nitrate before the mantles are burned for the first time)
not a single soul on earth
dr stone fans : the most heat resistent metal in the world TUNGSTEN !
Tungsten is awesome! I machined a lot of tungsten for the medical and cancer treatment industry, because it can isolate radioactive radiation very effectively.
The quality of these videos is amazing! So glad I found your channel! Keep up the great work.
im here because of dr stone
Hell yeah
Same
Me too wtf=)))))
Yh no one knew what it was
Love your vids! I think you forgot to mention the most magnificent property of tungsten; unlike any other metal, when an electric current passes through it the resistance goes up. This is what makes it so good for lightbulbs, as most other metals resistance goes down the hotter it gets and allows more current until it burns up. Tungsten's increased resistance slows the flow of current keeping it from burning up in the bulb :)
carytowncat - the resistance of almost every metal rises with temperature. The only one that I've heard of that goes the other way is Constantan, and it's very slightly changed. That's why advances in superconductors that didn't require cryogenics were a breakthrough.
carytowncat Carbon used in motor brushes lowers as the temp rises.
carytowncat The inert gas keeps it from rapid oxidation
Best way to learn all properties of periodic elements- to watch ur videos.😀
I love the all the information is so easy to follow and well formatted.
MOST RUSSIAN ENGLISH IN TH-cam SO FAR
secretagentfbi Then check out Crazy Russian Hacker
Hello evrywan en welkom to my labawatoy whe sefty is nomba wan praioriti
what du you mean by zet?
I can understand CRH better!!
on*
2:36 "in zis kirkumstances"
Make a loop lol
Aren't rings made out of tungsten notorious for shattering? Are they typically mixed with other metals that cause this?
The “shattering” is intentional for safety reasons, if you ring needs to be cut off and it’s made of tungsten there won’t be a tool that can cut it and your finger is toast! They are purposely made brittle with features to help them break when hit. Unfortunately some are made a little too easy to break and smacking your hand on a hard surface …..
I do love your videos.
Very educational and informative.
A coil of a coil... not a double helix. A double helix is two intertwined spiral like in DNA.
My2CentsWorth1 it's not his first language. He does damn well.
Double helix sounds better. In his own nerdy way the dude is a showman.
It is a helix
+steve gale, Quote: "A coil is a helix". Exactly! The filament in the video was comprised of _two_ helices, a helix of a helix, or, a _double helix._ Structurally, DNA also consists of two helices (a double helix) in a conjoined configuration. Why is _anyone_ confused?
and the word is not REFRACTORY at all... just highest melting point...
"Tungsten" means "heavy stone"
"Tung" meaning "heavy" and "sten" meaning stone.
Очень крутое видео, но для англоязычной аудитории , наверное, будет наглядно показывать температуру не только в Цельсиях но и в Фаренгейтах.)
I work at Global Tungsten & powders Corp. Here in Towanda Pennsylvania. The area I work in extracts the APT from the Tungsten ore. this is where Tungsten manufacturing begins
i came here from Anime called Doctor Stone
same dude
That’s exhilarating
I really appreciate your video.. 😊
Really liking the direction Borat has gone in with his career.
Hello everyone! Thank you for your time and videos sir!! 🎉
gotta love tungsten
audio warning exept is from half life 2. nice choice
Favorite part is the citadel horn in the intro. Major props.
Aluminium: I am strong!
Copper: No, I am stronger than you!
Iron: what about me?
Tungsten with with his dawg, Diamond: *HOW CUTE*
Why do I enjoy this
I heard somebody say that only retards enjoy this paticular video, so you might have your answer
Science user here...🤯🤯🤯
Thanks this helped with my project! You get a sub🖤. Thanks again!
Another application: Tungsten is used as shielding for siringes in nuclear medicine :)
dr stone ep 21
Very Nice... 👏👏
I love that translation "we'll win" Talk about a practical name. Thank you.
holy crap. finally a real science video on youtube. Thank you!!
Сколько ж вас развелось-то... Молодец, но как же адово акцент режет слух.
Now episode 21 of Dr stone makes total sense.
Awsome !! it's actually amazing that how something like chemistry can be so interesting just by organising and presenting using mordern media .
Awesome chemistry knowledge!
No wonder the minions love you.
U mean he doctor stephano?
who come here because of Dr Stone episode?
Still sucks in Terraria
My band is covering this, shaved some of the video commentary, focused on the facts. It's going well so far.
The best part of this video is the cat sniffing the camera cap....
FYI: my ears are still bleeding from having to listen to this ESL beginner...
акцент огонь
Ага)
i'm here coz anime doctor stone :v
I like the experiments, but the cat just compelled me to subscribe
The Tungsten wedding ring from my old marriage was the heaviest thing ever.
Though accent is difficult to understand still loved it and subd
At 4:50 he said something like tungsten carbide in Russian, is "bobadee"?, and then adds that in English means, "We will win!"
That's the best line in his video!
Too funny!
Came here from dr stone
I thought this was about metal music and that Tungsten was a new or obscure metal band :(
We have a tungsten lamp in our uv vis spectroscopy!
Where are my fellow Kingdom of Science members? 😂
Who here from DR STONE!
No
WC is called as WIDIA "wie Diamant" that means hard like a diamond.
Why pay for college now? We have TH-cam!!! I love you TH-cam algorithm!!!
I love your accent bro
I came here because senku
Yes 😅😅
Tungsten is a Scandinavian (Swedish, Norwegian, Danish) word menaing "heavy stone". Ironically the element is called Worlfram in Scandinavia, which is not a Scandinavian word.
Tungsten is a Swedish word, 2 actually, tung = heavy, sten = rock, so tungsten in Swedish means heavy rock.
I’m here from Dr.Stone 😂😂😂
But why?
I love your accent so much. It's actually the cutest thing omg
Cassidy Keen underrated comment
Why are you lying to make him feel better...?
T Shak what? I'm not lying. I sincerely love Russian accents they're adorable. I also love super intense German accents and thick French and Italian accents. They're just really cute to me. Everyone is different lol
TheWoldIsFullofSheep EducateYourselfDontBeOne dude what the fuck
Anna Skupin
My accent is similar.... Call me.
Maybe a little late on this one, but the reason tungsten filaments are double coiled in newer lamps is because it actually vaporizes away in the low pressure high temperature environment of a light bulb (which is the primary failure mode of common household light bulbs) The coiling makes each part of the filament closer to other parts of the filament. This means evaporated tungsten is more likely to land on filament than to land on the bulb, increasing the life of the bulb. BTW, halogen bulbs deal with this chemically, and therefore don't require a double coiled filament (also the filament can be hotter).
I think it is worth noting that tungsten was widely used as filament or part of cathode of thermionic emission valves. Nowadays those aren't used widely, but VFD displays are produced to this day and CRT displays became obsolete fairly recently. There are also some vacuum tubes still in use in broadcast amplifiers. And the historical aspect of vacuum tube should be mentioned, without tungsten valves wouldn't reach their posibilites.
Can i make armor out of it?
EasyFolkDude if you got enough money.
Tungsten is very expensive
Its around 300 bucks for an inch cube
EasyFolkDude you would basically become a walking snail tank
370likes and jus 1 dislike Hat's off.🙌🙌🙌
i'm probably the only one who imagined him saying "great success!!"
Liked & Subscribed! thank you for this video.