I agree with the opinion presented by Abhijit, just to share one incident regarding Chhatrapti Shivaji. During the siege of Panhalgad, when Henry Revigton brought his British cannons, Shivaji noted that these cannons are different. The cannon balls were exploding post impact. We need such advance cannons. Regarding mobile artillery, Shivaji did have something called Otiv Tof (cannon) which were light in weight & can be manufactured by simply joining mutiple metal bangles. But those cannons were untrustworthy.
He did have light cannons in his army but small numbers.Otiv cannons are different.Bangdi cannons are the one in which you weld the iron bangles.This types of cannons were very useful cause you could carry those metal bangles anywhere and weld th them at the place where you are going to place the cannon.Later Sambhaji Maharaj considering the overdependence on Dutch and Brits for gunpowder and cannons,started gunpowder and cannon factories in Dicholi.There are records that he used to visit these factories every year.
59:31boss That Pratapgad is in Javali. The most dense forest around. You see the other Side of the fort its a straight valley down. The geography was itself impenetrable. And the walls are made of of Black Basalt, one of the hardest volcanic Rocks in western ghats. And by the way, this picture is not the fort its a Watch tower & the actual fort, which is called a Balekilla, is in the Centre, which is basically a smaller fortress. 2: You showed Rajgad & Called it Raigad. Both are completely different boss. Have you ever been to Raigad? That fort is spine chillingly high. And it had the capacity of sustaining an army of 3-4000 men for close to 7 months during a seige. Raigad was Impenetrable, Period, go and look at some TH-cam videos showing Raigad. No fort in the world you’ll find like it. Its a shame its in terrible condition but its a marvel nonetheless.
Its shame we arent doing anything to keep it in shape brother we have the man power we have the funding or may be raise a one and just maintain the heritage rage left for us ⚔️ jai bhawani jai shivaji
Many of Shivaj’s forts were watchtowers. Not exactly like forts on the plains. The area around most of the forts is too steep and mountain cliffs with no chance of bringing any canons there. Forts were a always built in accordance to the surroundings. Star forts are impossible in Sahayadris.
@@mkishore3920 Even if not cannons people could come and that is why fortifications are needed. Most of the Sahyadris forts are built to take advantage of the cliffs surrounding them. And in accordance.
Finally someone said what I wanted to say. Forts are build in accordance with area and battle tactics. The Kumbalgarh dont have quality of that old Egyption fort but Kumbalgarh did its job while Egyptian fort got conquered multiple times.
It’s not so boring in the west. Their books r designed extremely well for the kids. Indian books r designed to fail the kids. To make them hate history. It’s missing a lot of great bits. By design. Whomever controls the history controls the future.
@@ravisharma9294 I am talking about Shamsher Bahadur, son of Mastani who was managing few large guns. Ibrahim Khan was heading the mobile artery of French trained 10000 army which also had some artillery but mainly guns and bow arrows. In fact if Marathas had followed Ibrahim ‘s strategy of not breaking the line the result could have been different. Shamsher Bahadur’s hiers stay in Indore. I met one of this person (now no more) who spoke Marathi like a Local.
Same till date, Indian army is buying complex Israeli Tavors 5.56 NATO for Special forces, Russian AKs 7.62x. 39 , American M4s 5.56 , American Sig sauer 7.62 NATO.
Tavors for SF have utility. SFs deal with a great deal of close quarter engagement where a rear feeding rifle saves space, increasing maneuverability. Israelis also use the newer x95s for their SFs.
I like AIM and his knowledge, thanks to him I have learnt a lot. But sometimes I think that him being a defense analyst and being a critic is too much sometimes. He mentions the context for Europeans but not much about Indians. Yes, the Europeans were superior in technology but the comparison makes little sense. They were going through a lot of unstable period one after the other which led to innovation. Guns came very late to the Indian sub continent, hence the forts weren't made like that. The situations are completely different. The huge cannons were not supposed to move. The short bore ones were useless but the longer ones were fixed cannons to protect the fort. Most cannons were used as defense not as offense, at least the ones that survived. Our architecture was not economical feasible for one simple reason, we had wealth to spare unlike the Europeans who grew rich with colonization and industrialization later on. The forts in Rajasthan are huge and are a big target but they sit on a hilltop with open space around them, acting as surveillance, also them being huge allowed the towns people to get inside during emergencies. Technology arrived very late from the west so they simply weren't made with that purpose. They had their pros and cons. TBH IDK much about Rajput forts. Since I'm a Maratha and someone who has visited Shivaji Maharaj's forts (raigad, shivneri, sinhagad, karnala, panhala, lohagad to name a few) and read about the history, (obviously not an expert) I'll share my two cents on the forts that were made. Those forts are not standalone forts, the entire Sahyadri mountain range is dotted with small and big forts. (another comment mentioned that they were more like watchtowers rather forts on the plains, which is correct) One can see one or two forts from where you are standing. The entire thing is a trap, back then the area was covered in dense jungle making it difficult for huge armies to travel. Attack on one fort could alert the rest, or luring them into the ghats and valleys and then using guerilla tactics is how they would finish off their enemies. The cannons are not as big as the ones in Rajput forts, they were medium sized kinda like the european ones. some were even bought from the europeans who were just starting to establish colonies on the coasts. These cannons were capable to fire near those forts which i mentioned above. they could overlap the area between. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Army#/media/File:MarathaCanon.jpg (image of the cannons on raigad) They also used the wheeled/cart cannons (upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Re-manning_the_guns_at_Assaye.jpg) the muskets used by the maratha infantry (upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Maratha_muskets_%28rifles%29.jpg) The maratha forts were not designed to be defeated by heavy infantry, the enemy had to scale the fort which was especially treacherous during monsoon. They were designed as death traps to kill the enemy or atleast thin their numbers till they reached the top. In some forts the entrances followed a gomukh pattern. Like how cow sleeps with her mouth turned inside towards its torso. The entrance would be hidden on the inside and it wouldn't be visible unless you got close and in that case the enemy would get attacked from inside the forts. This is based on my limited knowledge and observation and I could be wrong. In that case feel free to correct me or add to it so people would know more :)
The reason because European Change their Shitty Laws which was made by their Corrupt Monarchy Kings.. they Bring Jury System in the Court and Hence Industrial revolution came which their rate of Production became much faster then other Kingdom in this World because other Kingdom were still have a corrupt collegium Monarchial Judicary System and hence their Production rate was much slower which Ultimately R&DE was too slow.. It is a Biggest Misconception that R&DE came first, actually first Production came when people started using that Product then after R&DE came. So here AIM is not Wrong, During our Mahrajas time we have a Shitty Laws which because of it our rate of Production was much slower then European who have a faster rate of Production due to their Jury System.
Hey kushal...I hope you read this comment. I have great respect for AIM. I live near PRATAPGAD FORT. I would like to point out one thing and that is "hows enemy gonna bring cannons to pratapgad fort because its in dense JAVLI forest,they gonna die before reaching their because of guerrilla warfare tactics,forget about weight how they gonna move through the sahyadri mountain ranges because this fort is behind Mahabaleshwar hill station.
I agree with AIM if the the fort is on single isolated hill or surrounded by small forts where you can put your cannons there and shell the fort which is exactly happened with RAIGAD. And fort shown as RAIGAD is actually RAJGAD.
The longer cannon 34.20 is not Bidar cannon but the cannon from Kalaburagi (erstwhile Gulbarga). And these huge cannons in India were essentially used to defend forts from attacking armies. Mobility wasn't important in these cannons. However, they had a pivot which allowed it to be rotated 360 degrees and point towards the enemy. Bringing the Malik-e-maidan cannon to the battle of Talikota was just to boost the morale of the soldiers and instill fear in the Vijayanagara camp.
The Devgiri fort was taken down by Sadashivrao Bhau (who later went on to lead the Peshwas in the Third battle of Panipat ) with the help of Ibrahim Khan Gardi who was trained under the French for cannon war .. AIM is right in terms of the cannons turning the height of a fortress as a liability than advantage ..
Sir, one important point. If this video is the third in the series, then please can you number it in the title? Also, can you please make a Playlist of this series?
Hello Kushal and Abhijit, Great admirer of you two, like Kushal has logical and practical thinking, and Abhijit of course because of his Vast knowledge. I have come across both of you through Sham Sharma Show. I am an Architect, so I had huge curiosity as how did we had so much Invasions , I anticipated that it was not just political weakness or lack of Unity, but many other factors as you people rightly pointed out such as Technological advancement and lack of innovation by right time and moment and not just copying others in instances of fortification and Canons. Really helped me have a large perspective of what people should start analytical thinking and not just learning and memorising. As an Architect you have inspired me to do research on this Military Architecture . Really grateful to you people!
Abhijit ji Please consider the lohagarh fort. It is in many important ways built keeping in mind the advantages of the European fort design. And guess what it has never been captured. Please consider it also
Do we have planning now as to what defenses we have in each state if a big part of India is taken by a foreign power in a series of wars over a century ? Do we have layers of security and option for decentralised power system in India ?
>>>Mountain forts - whether Shivaji's or Mewar Rana's, were not meant to be impregnable structures but rather as points which would lure enemy into a terrain where they cannot use their strength - like superior numbers, mobility and gunfire. >>>Aim is also to ensure that your own advantage is maximized - like familiarity with terrain, superiority in hand to hand combat, ability to ambush enemy convoys and columns on march (with least risk for oneself) etc. >>> In this kind of warfare, half of the work was done by troops OUTSIDE the fort divided in small parties (and concealed in hills and forests) who would be constantly harassing the enemy and disrupting his supply/communication lines. Enemy will be forced to divide his resource on siege as well as securing his rear. >>>Here priority was on use of landscape and troop deployment where buildings only had a supportive role.
Highly informative discussion. Would like to conjecture that the decline of India ( ~1000 AD onwards ) and the corresponding rise of the west was due to the fact that Indian states ( both Hindu and Muslim ) were preying on the mercantile community while their western counterpart started promoting ( ~1300 ad onwards ). It is very much evident that a huge black economy flourished during the Mughal period and many of the merchents were fabulously rich. The Jagat Seths were the richest in the world. Fed up with the extortion of the Indian rulers, they brought the Europeans in.
As always AIM shows 3 examples then builds quite a bit of an imaginary case on top.....forts were used as refugewhile armies foiught..then shivaji maharaj made a big mistake winning and keeping 260 forts
Mr.Mitra looks like jumping to conclusions so fast that sometimes I start doubting his intentions. Apart from that there are points to consider,think and even to ponder upon.Thankful for that part.
34:21 That cannon is heavier than a WAP5 class locomotive (which weighs 78 tonnes)! The thing is that the WAP5 is a very useful, mainline, high speed passenger locomotive of the Indian Railways while that is a useless cannon.
Agra Lahore & Delhi were outdated millitary forts , there were no other forts in those cities other than the ones mentioned. The whole Garrison used to stay there.
Somewhere I read Chanakya explained in his Book about making Gunpowder but later on, restrained/ discouraged Kings from making it, as it would negate valour of individual fighting skills and may also be (mis)used as offensive weapon of destruction. Can anyone confirm this
and also our Tyranical Feudal Landlords didnot ever support to setup the Manufacturing Industires during Maharajs time and hence the production rate in India was much slower then European Production rate.
AIM could have mentioned British Engineer Benjamin Robbins extraordinary calculation work on using Newtonian physics in perfecting ballistics science via his book Principles of Gunnery in 1742. This made cannon warfare an exact science.
I think the best forts in india are in shyadri range built by Shivaji Maharaj, the height mountain was so high that forgot cannon a normal man can't came easily, and fear of gunpowder Tunnel and siege tower was not there and the enemy soilders were exhausted by the time they reached mountain top like in Kargil our jawans were exahasted and couldn't carried large ammunition to captured bunker , and in marathas forts various forts towers were there before main, and you will never hear that 8-10 thousand ,20 thousands people were protecting forts like in rajputana, mostly below 1000 people can withstand, and today also mountain trekkers use to climb to fort as like climbing a mountain, and in rajputana they mainly focused on beautiful, architecture, nakashi which attracts modern tourist but you will find marathas fort like kandhar but more useful and shivaji maharaj also focused on many many small forts, and forts were so closed that from one fort on top of mountain you can see other, And Marathas always took care of rations of forts, and bcoz of so much big mountain ranges a small cave spy path can't be traced by enemies and used by marathas many times, marathas fort was so high that today also you can see clouds in front of walls direct
I agree with Abhijit here. Indian military architecture is pretty backwards from the European world . Lack of military innovation has plagued Indian kingdoms ever since the 7th century AD. They were always behind the ball game while the rest of the world kept on innovating.
How would the forts and military architecture of countries like feudal japan and ming and qing dynasty served compared to india... To me they don't seem more advanced to Europe, india maybe??? Idk
I’m only watching this for the love I have for AIM…and because how logical and interesting I find Kushal…though history goes over my head.🤣 P.S I love the trio- Shyaam,Kushal and AIM.
Maratha sahayadri mountain forts are excellent.Too high so most mughal cannons until 18th century british mortars couldn't elevate high enough to hit them.Can't be mined because because on stone foundation rather than soil.Mining was the main way ottomans sused to take star forts and mughals also used this against conventional forts.Mughal army would surround the maratha mountain fort and try to starve them out.Get devastated by attrition due to monsoon ,famine,disease and maratha raids from surrounding countryside on besieging army.Maratha fortress network built up by king shivaji is main reason of their victory against aurangzeb in 27 year war.
"according to the Manusmṛti, the forest fort suffers from monkey attacks, the earthen forts get swarmed with rodents, the water forts were plagued by diseases etc. The Manusmṛti considers the Hill fort to be the best defensive structure. Some Sanskrit text consider hill forts to be the abode of gods and hence auspicious. The Mahabharata describes the Human fort as the most effective fortification" is this the reason India didn't develop much in fort technology?
It was a great knowledge for its time , like the ancient time..thing Abhijit is saying is that we kept on building ancient design infrastructure even until 18th century. Whereas rest of the world had adopted new tech & designs
Well Wrong Answer, the actual reason was we didnot have Jury System at Higher Level/ What is Jury System??? well it is a an Advance version of Khap System. European Kingdom bring Jury System at Higher Level (European Level of Khap System) and because of that Industrial Revolution came. and Hence the Rate of Production in Europe was much Faster then Other Kingdom Rate of Production. This is the Biggest Lie ever spread by Paid Media that if you have a Good Education or Literacy rate then you have Good R&DE...which is completly Wrong. The Actual Truth is if you have a Good production rate and constantly using it on a Commerical Purpose then Ultimately there would be Rise in Technology and R&DE and then Literacy rate. and because our Maharajs Shitty Laws, that most of the Land was Covered by Tyrannical Feudal Landlords hence the rate of Production was much Slower in India which Ultimately Technological Advancement lagged Behind in India. and mind you our Feudal Tyrannical Landlords are still Ruling in India and thats why we are still lagging behind in terms of Technological advancement and Manufacturing Industires. NOW THE SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM IS TO BRING JURY COURTS AND RIGHT TO RECALL ACT IN INDIA (PRAJAA DHEEN RAJAS). THEN ONLY YOU CAN SEE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN INDIA IN TERMS TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT OTHERWISE WE WERE DOING SAME MISTAKE WHICH OUR ANCESTOR DID FOR LAST 800 YEARS. and Mind you the Tyrannical Feudal Landlords were in Europe too but since European Citizens bring Jury System and hence their was sudden rise of Production.
@@legendtourstravels3873which is BS many civilizations like china and Japan's where also centuries old techniques that where not innovated. When europe and china fought the Chinese where obliterated in the opium wars they still relied on Bamboo artillery
But Abhijit - if the cannons brought into India were ineffective, could it not be argued that the forts built in India were NOT obsolete, but rather were effective at resisting armies which used such ineffective cannons? Shivaji's forts also appeared to be situated in mountainous terrain - it would be difficult for attackers to bring cannons to bear in any effective manner.
U r trying to say, british defeated marathas in mountain wars? No they fought on plains. Aim is talking about genetal lack of military technology development in India. Forts are just one of the examples. You can extend this to cannons, guns, strategies, supplies, town planning etc. Bottom line is we are technologically behind and thats the problem.
@@alaypatel6050 and the Reason behind for Being Technological Lagging not Because Education but Because of Shitty Laws by Feudal Landlords and Rajas and Maharajas. European Changed that Shitty Laws, Bring Jury System and thats how Industrial Revolution came. This is the biggest Misconception that R&DE came from Good Education... I said Nope, it comes from Manufacturing the Product and using it in a Daily Life then only R&DE came.. and this came when you have a GOOD LAWS.. Since the Corrupt Feudal Landlords were too present in Europe, but European Citizens changed that Shitty Laws which all the Power from Corrupt Feudal Landlords were taken. Meanwhile Indians didnot learnt their Lesson from Babur and hence didnot changed that Shitty law which Ultimately India lagged Behind in Production rate and Ultimately R&DE AND WE BASTARD INDIANS ARE STILL USING THAT MAHARAJAS SHITTY LAWS IN OUR CONSTITUTION AND HENCE WE ARE STILL LAGGING BEHIND IN TERMS OF MANUFACUTRING, PRODUCTION AND ULTIMATELY R&DE.
How where the Conolnial forts in India. Where they also superior to ours during same time frame or were they similar to ours? If they were similar then it can be argued that India did not have technology like west and the Colonial power here made a conscious decision to build the fort to tackle indian weapons which in some sense justify the type of forts we built to tackle same weapons.
well European Rajas, Maharajas used our Rajas Mahrajas forts for Storing the Weapons and other Supplies that Obselete Fort was only useful for being a Largest Weapon Warehouse and thats it.. nothing more nothing less.
Technical edge has compounding effects. Our civilization didn't use the lead we had pre 1300's in maths and sciences for warfare practices, others milked it quite thoroughly. I guess a part of the reason why this happened, was that India was an extremely habitable and resource rich land, so people could survive avoiding conflicts and war. This kind of behaviour is still prevalant in the society even though the resources are now gone. The wars between Indian kingdoms were mostly rooted in pride and prestige of the kings. Not to forget, their lavish lifestyles and godly entitlements were completely unchecked despite wise men like Chanakya warning about it centuries ago. Whereas in the west, people didn't even have proper food or shelter from the the barren lands and unforgiving climate, hence warfare had popular public support. Moreover, the lack of resources meant people were very stringent and thorough with revolting against bad governance. China too had similar conditions as India, and so it easily fell to mongols way before.
There have always been wars in India for a long time. It just seems Indians had a more theoretical bent while Europeans and East Asians were comparatively more practical. Indians were more into metaphysics and philosophy. Maybe cold climate people's like Europeans and Chinese, Japanese etc..have to be more practical innovative in fighting harsh snow conditions.
@@mudra5114 Wrong Answer, it is Because of Changing their Shitty laws which were made by their Corrupt Monarch Kingdom. European Build Jury System in their Court , and hence Industrial Revolution came which their Production was too fast then other world's Kingdom.. Because our Courts were Controlled by Corrupt Tyranical Feudal Landlords and Monarchies and therefore Production rate was slower in India and Ultimately Research and Department.. Its a Biggest Misconception ever spread by Paid Media that Research come from Good Education, Practical Thinking and School.. a Good R&DE came when you have a Good Manufacturing Factories and Commericialise it into your Daily Life then only R&DE came.. and this will only came when you have a GOOD LAWS... Since European People improves their Shitty Laws hence they Succeded meanwhile Indians never learnt their Mistakes from Babur and hence continued their Shitty Laws made by their Maharajas.
Thank you AIM and Kushal for this beautiful podcast. Got to know very important area of war planning. #AIM SSS podcast me cig mt piya karo please.. Take care of your health.. this generation needs you 🙏
When ever i see those big cannons of Indian rulers , i am reminded of Arjun Tank of Indian Army. This tank is so heavy that most of the bridges won't let it pass or they will collapse. we Indians are still making this same mistake and this will cost us our freedom once again, hopefully not.
No...Arjun tank is not the same as Cannon..it's a more like mobile artillery you can say..& it's technically better , also the tanks don't use civilian bridges to Ford rivers...they use millitary bridges which are built on the spot within few hours.
@@legendtourstravels3873 are you machine. Do you think that i am not aware of it. Do you know that rheinmetal makes the best tank guns and they have been doing it right from WW2. Croop company was their metal supplier. Do you think that you have said to me something i didn't knew. I am considering current MBTs around the world like those western cannon of medival era with Arjun Tank like our mediaeval cannons.
@@legendtourstravels3873 Well Bro and Seems like you are not understand these thing.. Arjun Tank cannot be used in Everywhere, it can only used in Rajasthan in Indo-Pak Border... We cant use Arjun Tank at Himalayas and thats why Russian Outdated T90 is still better and Versatile then this Indian Made Latest Arjun Tank... T90 Tanks can use different Geography Terrains in India meanwhile Arjun Tanks only used in Rajasthan-Pakistan Border. Dont try to cover this thing. First at that time we were Lagg Behind in Canon Making and Now we are lagging Today's Weapons Technology.. we are just repeating the same mistake which our ancestors did. from last 800 years. And the Solution for this Problem is to Bring Jury System in India and Give Indian Citizens a Free Hand to Develop the Weapons. we are still using our Maharajas Shitty Laws in our Constitution and hence lagging behind in terms of Technology.
Why did AIM not show any colonial forts in India to show if they were any better? After all, we have had the Europeans from the 16th century ruling over Indian land. Technology is important in warfare but so is weather, terrain, enemy capability etc. That said, I think our biggest drawback was lack of travel. We hear of so many Chinese and Islamic travelers in India, but no account of Hindu travelers going and visiting far off countries and writing their accounts. They were too prosperous and indolent to bother I guess. Sri Aurobindo has mentioned an ebbing away of vitality from the society. It's probably a late development because we have so many picaresque stories in ancient India like the Das Kumar Charitam that talk of travel adventures.
Shivaji was also not interested in long military sieges this was the main difference in between Shivaji and Aurangzeb tanhaji had a history of night attacks as shown in the film he also famous for shivgad campaign where he captured the fort with lesser men than used in Panhala (500 men 2 times lesser than Panhala)
1:23:27 yes you are ganja , homo, mota… But my god you made some brilliant analysis Mr. Iyer. Truly amazing information. I am dumbfounded as to why you are not in the government advisory committee. 🙏🏼
Difference between arabs and turks is very simple.Arabs didn't have massed horse archer,but sword and spear cavalry.Turks are all horse archer army.Rajputs can use their excelent close combat skills against arabs as well as elephants,turks won't close the distance until they have devastated the enemy with arrow attacks all day.Rajputs couldn't counter turk tactics effectively,but were in their element vs arabs and thus defeated them.
How was the information transfer between India and Europe during past 1000 years? Did the lack of proper communication channel led to India not be up to date with the tech?
We were way too arrogant and suffering from superiority complex, we thought of their knowledge as inferior to ours and never bothered to learn and by the time war learned we were already under their feet
@@abhishekkumar-kg5rm you can prove me wrong?? What abhijit says in this podcast heavily implies what i said, our reluctance in adopting new technologies and sticking to obsolete idea just provez my point
@@oreki8707 to absorb a superior technology you had to have a certain threshold level yourself. India was a fragmented deurbanize weak state. it simply couldn't have leapfrogged such a massive technological gap. A man using a pager all his life cant upgrade to iPhone not because he is arrogant, it's just that he simply cannot. Italy and Germany cud built freaking supercars but India neither can self-built nor can absorb the existing technology cuz we are arrogant right?
Is question ka answer Ian Morris ki Why The West Rules for Now me hai. He refers to China, but his learnings are applicable to India too. He says "Change is caused by lazy, greedy, frightened people looking for easier, more profitable and safer ways to do things." China was a rich and centralised bureaucratic state and rulers thought it did not have anything to gain from exchange with Europe. Hence they generally stopped learning from them and did not focus on maritime trade.
We need a podcast on the current state of Indian civil architecture, especially for public infrastructure. I, personally, follow railway station design and I am not a fan of ' airport like ' stations that have started springing up. They have all the disadvantages of an airport (inefficient use of land, stressful passenger movements and poor access) with very little advantages of a railway station. The only thing is that people go ga ga over them for their flashy and ' modern ' looks. I personally think that they look like soulless garbage (just like airports). The current railway stations in India are absolutely horrible in terms of aesthetics and ergonomics. But these new, ' airport like ' stations are just as bad.
Is karma really fatilistic ? Isn't it say what u did will ultimately affect u . Isn't krishna is talking about action . I thought karma implies action can change your fate .
I agree with the opinion presented by Abhijit, just to share one incident regarding Chhatrapti Shivaji. During the siege of Panhalgad, when Henry Revigton brought his British cannons, Shivaji noted that these cannons are different. The cannon balls were exploding post impact. We need such advance cannons. Regarding mobile artillery, Shivaji did have something called Otiv Tof (cannon) which were light in weight & can be manufactured by simply joining mutiple metal bangles. But those cannons were untrustworthy.
He did have light cannons in his army but small numbers.Otiv cannons are different.Bangdi cannons are the one in which you weld the iron bangles.This types of cannons were very useful cause you could carry those metal bangles anywhere and weld th them at the place where you are going to place the cannon.Later Sambhaji Maharaj considering the overdependence on Dutch and Brits for gunpowder and cannons,started gunpowder and cannon factories in Dicholi.There are records that he used to visit these factories every year.
Where did you guys read this?
@@nandi7772+1
59:31boss That Pratapgad is in Javali. The most dense forest around. You see the other Side of the fort its a straight valley down. The geography was itself impenetrable. And the walls are made of of Black Basalt, one of the hardest volcanic Rocks in western ghats. And by the way, this picture is not the fort its a Watch tower & the actual fort, which is called a Balekilla, is in the Centre, which is basically a smaller fortress.
2: You showed Rajgad & Called it Raigad. Both are completely different boss. Have you ever been to Raigad? That fort is spine chillingly high. And it had the capacity of sustaining an army of 3-4000 men for close to 7 months during a seige. Raigad was Impenetrable, Period, go and look at some TH-cam videos showing Raigad. No fort in the world you’ll find like it. Its a shame its in terrible condition but its a marvel nonetheless.
Its shame we arent doing anything to keep it in shape brother we have the man power we have the funding or may be raise a one and just maintain the heritage rage left for us ⚔️ jai bhawani jai shivaji
Many of Shivaj’s forts were watchtowers. Not exactly like forts on the plains. The area around most of the forts is too steep and mountain cliffs with no chance of bringing any canons there. Forts were a always built in accordance to the surroundings. Star forts are impossible in Sahayadris.
This makes sense given he primarily used guerilla warfare tactics.
Nobody puts huge visible construction on a mountain cliff for mere a watch tower.
@@mkishore3920 Even if not cannons people could come and that is why fortifications are needed. Most of the Sahyadris forts are built to take advantage of the cliffs surrounding them. And in accordance.
Panhala is shaped in the form of a snake surely it was not a watchtower
Finally someone said what I wanted to say. Forts are build in accordance with area and battle tactics. The Kumbalgarh dont have quality of that old Egyption fort but Kumbalgarh did its job while Egyptian fort got conquered multiple times.
I know very little about history, this was so easy to understand and interesting to know as a science student.
It’s not so boring in the west. Their books r designed extremely well for the kids. Indian books r designed to fail the kids. To make them hate history. It’s missing a lot of great bits. By design.
Whomever controls the history controls the future.
The best podcast I've ever come across. Thanks AIM & Kalu bhai. 🔥
Kushal always looks like he's never paying attention
Its his peculiar habit even seen in Sham Sharma show...
Even in 3rd Battle of Panipat their are stories of large cannons by Peshwas (Mastanis son was managing it). Afghan army just avoided them.
Not mastani's son but Ibrahim Gardi.
@@ravisharma9294 I am talking about Shamsher Bahadur, son of Mastani who was managing few large guns. Ibrahim Khan was heading the mobile artery of French trained 10000 army which also had some artillery but mainly guns and bow arrows. In fact if Marathas had followed Ibrahim ‘s strategy of not breaking the line the result could have been different. Shamsher Bahadur’s hiers stay in Indore. I met one of this person (now no more) who spoke Marathi like a Local.
Same till date, Indian army is buying complex Israeli Tavors 5.56 NATO for Special forces, Russian AKs 7.62x. 39 , American M4s 5.56 , American Sig sauer 7.62 NATO.
Its all because we still using Shitty Laws which our Maharajas were used.
Tavors for SF have utility. SFs deal with a great deal of close quarter engagement where a rear feeding rifle saves space, increasing maneuverability. Israelis also use the newer x95s for their SFs.
I like AIM and his knowledge, thanks to him I have learnt a lot. But sometimes I think that him being a defense analyst and being a critic is too much sometimes. He mentions the context for Europeans but not much about Indians. Yes, the Europeans were superior in technology but the comparison makes little sense. They were going through a lot of unstable period one after the other which led to innovation. Guns came very late to the Indian sub continent, hence the forts weren't made like that. The situations are completely different.
The huge cannons were not supposed to move. The short bore ones were useless but the longer ones were fixed cannons to protect the fort.
Most cannons were used as defense not as offense, at least the ones that survived. Our architecture was not economical feasible for one simple reason, we had wealth to spare unlike the Europeans who grew rich with colonization and industrialization later on. The forts in Rajasthan are huge and are a big target but they sit on a hilltop with open space around them, acting as surveillance, also them being huge allowed the towns people to get inside during emergencies. Technology arrived very late from the west so they simply weren't made with that purpose. They had their pros and cons. TBH IDK much about Rajput forts.
Since I'm a Maratha and someone who has visited Shivaji Maharaj's forts (raigad, shivneri, sinhagad, karnala, panhala, lohagad to name a few) and read about the history, (obviously not an expert) I'll share my two cents on the forts that were made. Those forts are not standalone forts, the entire Sahyadri mountain range is dotted with small and big forts. (another comment mentioned that they were more like watchtowers rather forts on the plains, which is correct) One can see one or two forts from where you are standing. The entire thing is a trap, back then the area was covered in dense jungle making it difficult for huge armies to travel. Attack on one fort could alert the rest, or luring them into the ghats and valleys and then using guerilla tactics is how they would finish off their enemies. The cannons are not as big as the ones in Rajput forts, they were medium sized kinda like the european ones. some were even bought from the europeans who were just starting to establish colonies on the coasts. These cannons were capable to fire near those forts which i mentioned above. they could overlap the area between.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Army#/media/File:MarathaCanon.jpg (image of the cannons on raigad)
They also used the wheeled/cart cannons (upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Re-manning_the_guns_at_Assaye.jpg)
the muskets used by the maratha infantry (upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Maratha_muskets_%28rifles%29.jpg)
The maratha forts were not designed to be defeated by heavy infantry, the enemy had to scale the fort which was especially treacherous during monsoon. They were designed as death traps to kill the enemy or atleast thin their numbers till they reached the top. In some forts the entrances followed a gomukh pattern. Like how cow sleeps with her mouth turned inside towards its torso. The entrance would be hidden on the inside and it wouldn't be visible unless you got close and in that case the enemy would get attacked from inside the forts.
This is based on my limited knowledge and observation and I could be wrong. In that case feel free to correct me or add to it so people would know more :)
The reason because European Change their Shitty Laws which was made by their Corrupt Monarchy Kings..
they Bring Jury System in the Court and Hence Industrial revolution came which their rate of Production became much faster then other Kingdom in this World because other Kingdom were still have a corrupt collegium Monarchial Judicary System and hence their Production rate was much slower which Ultimately R&DE was too slow..
It is a Biggest Misconception that R&DE came first, actually first Production came when people started using that Product then after R&DE came.
So here AIM is not Wrong, During our Mahrajas time we have a Shitty Laws which because of it our rate of Production was much slower then European who have a faster rate of Production due to their Jury System.
Hey kushal...I hope you read this comment.
I have great respect for AIM.
I live near PRATAPGAD FORT.
I would like to point out one thing and that is "hows enemy gonna bring cannons to pratapgad fort because its in dense JAVLI forest,they gonna die before reaching their because of guerrilla warfare tactics,forget about weight how they gonna move through the sahyadri mountain ranges because this fort is behind Mahabaleshwar hill station.
I agree with AIM if the the fort is on single isolated hill or surrounded by small forts where you can put your cannons there and shell the fort which is exactly happened with RAIGAD.
And fort shown as RAIGAD is actually RAJGAD.
The longer cannon 34.20 is not Bidar cannon but the cannon from Kalaburagi (erstwhile Gulbarga). And these huge cannons in India were essentially used to defend forts from attacking armies. Mobility wasn't important in these cannons. However, they had a pivot which allowed it to be rotated 360 degrees and point towards the enemy. Bringing the Malik-e-maidan cannon to the battle of Talikota was just to boost the morale of the soldiers and instill fear in the Vijayanagara camp.
Canon use in Assam was superior. There were even man portable canons. And forts were earthen ones, cannon balls were not much effective.
Because Ahoms originated from the Yunnan, China.
@@farrightsocialistatheist845 nope. Canons were there with Chutiya Kingdom before, who had relations with China. Assam is not all only about Ahoms.
@@luitbaishya1581 Man portal canon in which year?
@@photophoto7354 1670s.
The Devgiri fort was taken down by Sadashivrao Bhau (who later went on to lead the Peshwas in the Third battle of Panipat ) with the help of Ibrahim Khan Gardi who was trained under the French for cannon war .. AIM is right in terms of the cannons turning the height of a fortress as a liability than advantage ..
These are very VERY interesting and digestible, I always look forward to episodes like these, KEEP EM COMING!!!! MORE !!
Thanks!
I didn't even know that I have to know these facts, well presented both AIM and KM
Sir, one important point. If this video is the third in the series, then please can you number it in the title? Also, can you please make a Playlist of this series?
Go to playlist. You will find all the videos. All videos covers different topics.
Hello Kushal and Abhijit, Great admirer of you two, like Kushal has logical and practical thinking, and Abhijit of course because of his Vast knowledge. I have come across both of you through Sham Sharma Show.
I am an Architect, so I had huge curiosity as how did we had so much Invasions , I anticipated that it was not just political weakness or lack of Unity, but many other factors as you people rightly pointed out such as Technological advancement and lack of innovation by right time and moment and not just copying others in instances of fortification and Canons.
Really helped me have a large perspective of what people should start analytical thinking and not just learning and memorising.
As an Architect you have inspired me to do research on this Military Architecture .
Really grateful to you people!
Thanks
Extremely intriguing discussion! Keep it up, guys 👍
We were playing Clash of Clans at that point of time. No matter how high level wall we build, enemy will just jump over or will be air bourne.
Abhijit ji
Please consider the lohagarh fort.
It is in many important ways built keeping in mind the advantages of the European fort design.
And guess what it has never been captured.
Please consider it also
This is brilliant podcast. As always AIM is amazing and Kunal is someone who really make best of best podcast host out there. Good luck guys.
Do we have planning now as to what defenses we have in each state if a big part of India is taken by a foreign power in a series of wars over a century ? Do we have layers of security and option for decentralised power system in India ?
>>>Mountain forts - whether Shivaji's or Mewar Rana's, were not meant to be impregnable structures but rather as points which would lure enemy into a terrain where they cannot use their strength - like superior numbers, mobility and gunfire.
>>>Aim is also to ensure that your own advantage is maximized - like familiarity with terrain, superiority in hand to hand combat, ability to ambush enemy convoys and columns on march (with least risk for oneself) etc.
>>> In this kind of warfare, half of the work was done by troops OUTSIDE the fort divided in small parties (and concealed in hills and forests) who would be constantly harassing the enemy and disrupting his supply/communication lines. Enemy will be forced to divide his resource on siege as well as securing his rear.
>>>Here priority was on use of landscape and troop deployment where buildings only had a supportive role.
Highly informative discussion. Would like to conjecture that the decline of India ( ~1000 AD onwards ) and the corresponding rise of the west was due to the fact that Indian states ( both Hindu and Muslim ) were preying on the mercantile community while their western counterpart started promoting ( ~1300 ad onwards ). It is very much evident that a huge black economy flourished during the Mughal period and many of the merchents were fabulously rich. The Jagat Seths were the richest in the world. Fed up with the extortion of the Indian rulers, they brought the Europeans in.
Brilliant as always!
Fort mein bhi toh Canons hoti hain, they fire canons below. It is always beleficial to have the above ground in the war.
always love abhijit histoy lectures
As always AIM shows 3 examples then builds quite a bit of an imaginary case on top.....forts were used as refugewhile armies foiught..then shivaji maharaj made a big mistake winning and keeping 260 forts
Man thank you for elevating my consciousness far ahead .... thank you alot
Enjoyed , loved it
Finally someone with thought, keep up the excellent work!!!
It is astonishing to me that after all these problems still Hindus survived.
Deogiri is also a very old fort....AIM picks one point out of context and builds a lot of BS on top
5:56 that is a machi on raigad you should check full fort.
Mr.Mitra looks like jumping to conclusions so fast that sometimes I start doubting his intentions. Apart from that there are points to consider,think and even to ponder upon.Thankful for that part.
I think he imagines some parts of
34:21
That cannon is heavier than a WAP5 class locomotive (which weighs 78 tonnes)! The thing is that the WAP5 is a very useful, mainline, high speed passenger locomotive of the Indian Railways while that is a useless cannon.
Agra Delhi Lahore forts were ornamental not to protect critical infrastructure , so should we not differentiate between military and palatial forts.
Agra Lahore & Delhi were outdated millitary forts , there were no other forts in those cities other than the ones mentioned. The whole Garrison used to stay there.
Somewhere I read Chanakya explained in his Book about making Gunpowder but later on, restrained/ discouraged Kings from making it, as it would negate valour of individual fighting skills and may also be (mis)used as offensive weapon of destruction.
Can anyone confirm this
and also our Tyranical Feudal Landlords didnot ever support to setup the Manufacturing Industires during Maharajs time and hence the production rate in India was much slower then European Production rate.
AIM could have mentioned British Engineer Benjamin Robbins extraordinary calculation work on using Newtonian physics in perfecting ballistics science via his book Principles of Gunnery in 1742. This made cannon warfare an exact science.
I will take Abhijit iyer mitra as my chanakya and become Emperor of India 😁😘
I think the best forts in india are in shyadri range built by Shivaji Maharaj, the height mountain was so high that forgot cannon a normal man can't came easily, and fear of gunpowder Tunnel and siege tower was not there and the enemy soilders were exhausted by the time they reached mountain top like in Kargil our jawans were exahasted and couldn't carried large ammunition to captured bunker , and in marathas forts various forts towers were there before main, and you will never hear that 8-10 thousand ,20 thousands people were protecting forts like in rajputana, mostly below 1000 people can withstand, and today also mountain trekkers use to climb to fort as like climbing a mountain, and in rajputana they mainly focused on beautiful, architecture, nakashi which attracts modern tourist but you will find marathas fort like kandhar but more useful and shivaji maharaj also focused on many many small forts, and forts were so closed that from one fort on top of mountain you can see other, And Marathas always took care of rations of forts, and bcoz of so much big mountain ranges a small cave spy path can't be traced by enemies and used by marathas many times, marathas fort was so high that today also you can see clouds in front of walls direct
Always wondered about starr shaped mounds at Niagara Fort
Thanks AIM🙏🙏🙏
Looking forward for the insights on bronze age
Hey man that was so fun to watch ! Please make more of such podcasts
This is second time watching all the podcasts and wowwww
We need to sharpen our own skills and how 😅😮😊
Abhijit's streamyard screenshare looks like 2 parallel mirrors with infinite reflection🤣
This was so insightful!!
I agree with Abhijit here. Indian military architecture is pretty backwards from the European world . Lack of military innovation has plagued Indian kingdoms ever since the 7th century AD. They were always behind the ball game while the rest of the world kept on innovating.
How would the forts and military architecture of countries like feudal japan and ming and qing dynasty served compared to india... To me they don't seem more advanced to Europe, india maybe??? Idk
In some cases fixed cannons are compared with mobile by AIM.
+1, I don't know about much this subject but wasn't he comparing fort cannons to mobile artillery where one is for siege and other for defence.
+1, I've seen quite a few mobile long bore cannons from Adil shahis. AIM was making a correct point but the comparison was bit unfair.
Yes, but the turkish cannons he showed were supposedly mobile.
Endurance is key factor.
Excellent talk
I’m only watching this for the love I have for AIM…and because how logical and interesting I find Kushal…though history goes over my head.🤣
P.S I love the trio- Shyaam,Kushal and AIM.
Maratha sahayadri mountain forts are excellent.Too high so most mughal cannons until 18th century british mortars couldn't elevate high enough to hit them.Can't be mined because because on stone foundation rather than soil.Mining was the main way ottomans sused to take star forts and mughals also used this against conventional forts.Mughal army would surround the maratha mountain fort and try to starve them out.Get devastated by attrition due to monsoon ,famine,disease and maratha raids from surrounding countryside on besieging army.Maratha fortress network built up by king shivaji is main reason of their victory against aurangzeb in 27 year war.
Kushal please tell Abhijit to search about Bhatner Fort, Hanumangarh it's a 1700yrs old fort... Spreading at 52 Bigha..
1st thing- what was the range of cannon of that era? Star shape fort seems to have .5-1 km range from firing range.
Shivaji was genius hence could make those forts work for him...
We need great men like Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj again. Men like him and smart urban planners of the Indus Valley Civilization.
"according to the Manusmṛti, the forest fort suffers from monkey attacks, the earthen forts get swarmed with rodents, the water forts were plagued by diseases etc. The Manusmṛti considers the Hill fort to be the best defensive structure. Some Sanskrit text consider hill forts to be the abode of gods and hence auspicious. The Mahabharata describes the Human fort as the most effective fortification"
is this the reason India didn't develop much in fort technology?
Hmm.
It was a great knowledge for its time , like the ancient time..thing Abhijit is saying is that we kept on building ancient design infrastructure even until 18th century. Whereas rest of the world had adopted new tech & designs
Manusmriti isn't for this yuga...it is specifically mentioned there....evolve with time
Well Wrong Answer, the actual reason was we didnot have Jury System at Higher Level/
What is Jury System??? well it is a an Advance version of Khap System.
European Kingdom bring Jury System at Higher Level (European Level of Khap System) and because of that Industrial Revolution came.
and Hence the Rate of Production in Europe was much Faster then Other Kingdom Rate of Production.
This is the Biggest Lie ever spread by Paid Media that if you have a Good Education or Literacy rate then you have Good R&DE...which is completly Wrong.
The Actual Truth is if you have a Good production rate and constantly using it on a Commerical Purpose then Ultimately there would be Rise in Technology and R&DE and then Literacy rate.
and because our Maharajs Shitty Laws, that most of the Land was Covered by Tyrannical Feudal Landlords hence the rate of Production was much Slower in India which Ultimately Technological Advancement lagged Behind in India.
and mind you our Feudal Tyrannical Landlords are still Ruling in India and thats why we are still lagging behind in terms of Technological advancement and Manufacturing Industires.
NOW THE SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM IS TO BRING JURY COURTS AND RIGHT TO RECALL ACT IN INDIA (PRAJAA DHEEN RAJAS).
THEN ONLY YOU CAN SEE SOME IMPROVEMENT IN INDIA IN TERMS TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT OTHERWISE WE WERE DOING SAME MISTAKE WHICH OUR ANCESTOR DID FOR LAST 800 YEARS.
and Mind you the Tyrannical Feudal Landlords were in Europe too but since European Citizens bring Jury System and hence their was sudden rise of Production.
@@legendtourstravels3873which is BS many civilizations like china and Japan's where also centuries old techniques that where not innovated. When europe and china fought the Chinese where obliterated in the opium wars they still relied on Bamboo artillery
Geoffrey Parker in his Military Revolution has presented some of the differences
An intellectual Diwali. Thanks.
Holy fuck.... I'm blown away by the military architecture
But Abhijit - if the cannons brought into India were ineffective, could it not be argued that the forts built in India were NOT obsolete, but rather were effective at resisting armies which used such ineffective cannons? Shivaji's forts also appeared to be situated in mountainous terrain - it would be difficult for attackers to bring cannons to bear in any effective manner.
Well that is why we survived as a Hindu civilization.
@@shreyshukla3425 nope, the sole reason is decentralization
My thoughts exactly and by the time British brought their canons the Vellore fort did optimise, not by that extent.
U r trying to say, british defeated marathas in mountain wars? No they fought on plains. Aim is talking about genetal lack of military technology development in India. Forts are just one of the examples. You can extend this to cannons, guns, strategies, supplies, town planning etc. Bottom line is we are technologically behind and thats the problem.
@@alaypatel6050 and the Reason behind for Being Technological Lagging not Because Education but Because of Shitty Laws by Feudal Landlords and Rajas and Maharajas.
European Changed that Shitty Laws, Bring Jury System and thats how Industrial Revolution came.
This is the biggest Misconception that R&DE came from Good Education...
I said Nope, it comes from Manufacturing the Product and using it in a Daily Life then only R&DE came..
and this came when you have a GOOD LAWS..
Since the Corrupt Feudal Landlords were too present in Europe, but European Citizens changed that Shitty Laws which all the Power from Corrupt Feudal Landlords were taken.
Meanwhile Indians didnot learnt their Lesson from Babur and hence didnot changed that Shitty law which Ultimately India lagged Behind in Production rate and Ultimately R&DE
AND WE BASTARD INDIANS ARE STILL USING THAT MAHARAJAS SHITTY LAWS IN OUR CONSTITUTION AND HENCE WE ARE STILL LAGGING BEHIND IN TERMS OF MANUFACUTRING, PRODUCTION AND ULTIMATELY R&DE.
How where the Conolnial forts in India. Where they also superior to ours during same time frame or were they similar to ours? If they were similar then it can be argued that India did not have technology like west and the Colonial power here made a conscious decision to build the fort to tackle indian weapons which in some sense justify the type of forts we built to tackle same weapons.
well European Rajas, Maharajas used our Rajas Mahrajas forts for Storing the Weapons and other Supplies
that Obselete Fort was only useful for being a Largest Weapon Warehouse and thats it.. nothing more nothing less.
What Kumbhal Garh fort and Chittorgarh fort...
Technical edge has compounding effects. Our civilization didn't use the lead we had pre 1300's in maths and sciences for warfare practices, others milked it quite thoroughly.
I guess a part of the reason why this happened, was that India was an extremely habitable and resource rich land, so people could survive avoiding conflicts and war. This kind of behaviour is still prevalant in the society even though the resources are now gone.
The wars between Indian kingdoms were mostly rooted in pride and prestige of the kings. Not to forget, their lavish lifestyles and godly entitlements were completely unchecked despite wise men like Chanakya warning about it centuries ago.
Whereas in the west, people didn't even have proper food or shelter from the the barren lands and unforgiving climate, hence warfare had popular public support. Moreover, the lack of resources meant people were very stringent and thorough with revolting against bad governance.
China too had similar conditions as India, and so it easily fell to mongols way before.
There have always been wars in India for a long time. It just seems Indians had a more theoretical bent while Europeans and East Asians were comparatively more practical. Indians were more into metaphysics and philosophy. Maybe cold climate people's like Europeans and Chinese, Japanese etc..have to be more practical innovative in fighting harsh snow conditions.
@@mudra5114 Wrong Answer, it is Because of Changing their Shitty laws which were made by their Corrupt Monarch Kingdom.
European Build Jury System in their Court , and hence Industrial Revolution came which their Production was too fast then other world's Kingdom..
Because our Courts were Controlled by Corrupt Tyranical Feudal Landlords and Monarchies and therefore Production rate was slower in India and Ultimately Research and Department..
Its a Biggest Misconception ever spread by Paid Media that Research come from Good Education, Practical Thinking and School..
a Good R&DE came when you have a Good Manufacturing Factories and Commericialise it into your Daily Life then only R&DE came..
and this will only came when you have a GOOD LAWS...
Since European People improves their Shitty Laws hence they Succeded meanwhile Indians never learnt their Mistakes from Babur and hence continued their Shitty Laws made by their Maharajas.
Best podcast i have seen in a while, keep em coming
Thank you AIM and Kushal for this beautiful podcast. Got to know very important area of war planning.
#AIM SSS podcast me cig mt piya karo please.. Take care of your health.. this generation needs you 🙏
When ever i see those big cannons of Indian rulers , i am reminded of Arjun Tank of Indian Army. This tank is so heavy that most of the bridges won't let it pass or they will collapse. we Indians are still making this same mistake and this will cost us our freedom once again, hopefully not.
No...Arjun tank is not the same as Cannon..it's a more like mobile artillery you can say..& it's technically better , also the tanks don't use civilian bridges to Ford rivers...they use millitary bridges which are built on the spot within few hours.
@@legendtourstravels3873 are you machine. Do you think that i am not aware of it. Do you know that rheinmetal makes the best tank guns and they have been doing it right from WW2. Croop company was their metal supplier. Do you think that you have said to me something i didn't knew.
I am considering current MBTs around the world like those western cannon of medival era with Arjun Tank like our mediaeval cannons.
@@insearchof9090 "Do you think that I'm not aware of it"
Well brother the way you said your answer. I was right. Stop being a teenager & grow up.
@@legendtourstravels3873 🙏🏼
@@legendtourstravels3873 Well Bro and Seems like you are not understand these thing..
Arjun Tank cannot be used in Everywhere, it can only used in Rajasthan in Indo-Pak Border...
We cant use Arjun Tank at Himalayas and thats why Russian Outdated T90 is still better and Versatile then this Indian Made Latest Arjun Tank...
T90 Tanks can use different Geography Terrains in India meanwhile Arjun Tanks only used in Rajasthan-Pakistan Border.
Dont try to cover this thing.
First at that time we were Lagg Behind in Canon Making and Now we are lagging Today's Weapons Technology..
we are just repeating the same mistake which our ancestors did. from last 800 years.
And the Solution for this Problem is to Bring Jury System in India and Give Indian Citizens a Free Hand to Develop the Weapons.
we are still using our Maharajas Shitty Laws in our Constitution and hence lagging behind in terms of Technology.
The video thumbnail is the vellore fort?
So are we are lagging behind now too ..?? Hoping our defense is up to date and conceptually futuristic..
Are you even an Indian ,just curious?
Yes thats why he is talking about it here.
@@alaypatel6050 no brother there are many foreigners who watch AIM.
Good information
Tuppu's fort was just a summer holiday home..
Why did AIM not show any colonial forts in India to show if they were any better? After all, we have had the Europeans from the 16th century ruling over Indian land. Technology is important in warfare but so is weather, terrain, enemy capability etc. That said, I think our biggest drawback was lack of travel. We hear of so many Chinese and Islamic travelers in India, but no account of Hindu travelers going and visiting far off countries and writing their accounts. They were too prosperous and indolent to bother I guess. Sri Aurobindo has mentioned an ebbing away of vitality from the society. It's probably a late development because we have so many picaresque stories in ancient India like the Das Kumar Charitam that talk of travel adventures.
Shivaji was also not interested in long military sieges this was the main difference in between Shivaji and Aurangzeb tanhaji had a history of night attacks as shown in the film he also famous for shivgad campaign where he captured the fort with lesser men than used in Panhala (500 men 2 times lesser than Panhala)
1:23:27 yes you are ganja , homo, mota…
But my god you made some brilliant analysis Mr. Iyer. Truly amazing information.
I am dumbfounded as to why you are not in the government advisory committee. 🙏🏼
Kushal bhai "Aneesh Gokhale" ko bulana kabhi podcast par. Discussion on the battles of the Maratha empire would be fun.
It is gold. I can say that. 24 caret gold.
Difference between arabs and turks is very simple.Arabs didn't have massed horse archer,but sword and spear cavalry.Turks are all horse archer army.Rajputs can use their excelent close combat skills against arabs as well as elephants,turks won't close the distance until they have devastated the enemy with arrow attacks all day.Rajputs couldn't counter turk tactics effectively,but were in their element vs arabs and thus defeated them.
Yes u have understood AiM videos on turkik invasions well.
There is so much to learn.
Why were buildings during the 11th to 13th century so thick?? Why was Romansque Architecture was prevalent at that time??
Would love to know AIMs views on German Flaktowers like the one in Berlin Zoo
❤🤩🤩
great video.enlightening.
How was the information transfer between India and Europe during past 1000 years? Did the lack of proper communication channel led to India not be up to date with the tech?
We were way too arrogant and suffering from superiority complex, we thought of their knowledge as inferior to ours and never bothered to learn and by the time war learned we were already under their feet
@@oreki8707 kuch bhi matlab lol
@@abhishekkumar-kg5rm you can prove me wrong??
What abhijit says in this podcast heavily implies what i said, our reluctance in adopting new technologies and sticking to obsolete idea just provez my point
@@oreki8707 to absorb a superior technology you had to have a certain threshold level yourself. India was a fragmented deurbanize weak state. it simply couldn't have leapfrogged such a massive technological gap. A man using a pager all his life cant upgrade to iPhone not because he is arrogant, it's just that he simply cannot.
Italy and Germany cud built freaking supercars but India neither can self-built nor can absorb the existing technology cuz we are arrogant right?
Is question ka answer Ian Morris ki Why The West Rules for Now me hai. He refers to China, but his learnings are applicable to India too.
He says "Change is caused by lazy, greedy, frightened people looking for easier, more profitable and safer ways to do things." China was a rich and centralised bureaucratic state and rulers thought it did not have anything to gain from exchange with Europe. Hence they generally stopped learning from them and did not focus on maritime trade.
We need a podcast on the current state of Indian civil architecture, especially for public infrastructure. I, personally, follow railway station design and I am not a fan of ' airport like ' stations that have started springing up. They have all the disadvantages of an airport (inefficient use of land, stressful passenger movements and poor access) with very little advantages of a railway station. The only thing is that people go ga ga over them for their flashy and ' modern ' looks. I personally think that they look like soulless garbage (just like airports).
The current railway stations in India are absolutely horrible in terms of aesthetics and ergonomics. But these new, ' airport like ' stations are just as bad.
Great analysis
Really interesting topics 👍👍👍
Jaipur canon I have seen it a disaster from a strategic point of view
Is karma really fatilistic ?
Isn't it say what u did will ultimately affect u .
Isn't krishna is talking about action .
I thought karma implies action can change your fate .
Most people only got that knowledge because of Tulsidas and Soordas and others but it had limited impact .
@shreyansh patel Totally agree with what you're saying but yahan par relevance kya hai? I didn't get the context 😅
brilliant.
Pratapgad had nothing to do with aurangzeb...secondly the forest around pratapgadh was important
1:53:55 to
Done Till 12:00
Thanks. But let's see how many people watching will adhere to critical thinking like abijit.
what are your thoughts about kangra fort
AIM- "Hum her cheez main chutiye thae"
great
Lots of area Tulaqabad area covered by slums colonies.
If you accept karma you are not understanding Karma, you believe in dogma. karma is always changing.
So basically all our forts were glorified palaces.
No a big no
kya baat hai
so much learn