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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 29 เม.ย. 2024
- Time: Do the past, present, and future exist all at once?
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Everything we do as living organisms is dependent, in some capacity, on time. The concept is so complex that scientists still argue whether it exists or if it is an illusion.
In this video, astrophysicist Michelle Thaller, science educator Bill Nye, author James Gleick, and neuroscientist Dean Buonomano discuss how the human brain perceives of the passage of time, the idea in theoretical physics of time as a fourth dimension, and the theory that space and time are interwoven.
Thaller illustrates Einstein's theory of relativity, Buonomano outlines eternalism, and all the experts touch on issues of perception, definition, and experience.
Check Dean Buonomano's latest book Your Brain Is a Time Machine: The Neuroscience and Physics of Time at amzn.to/2GY1n1z
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TRANSCRIPT:
MICHELLE THALLER: Is time real or is it an illusion? Well, time is certainly real but the question is what do we mean by the word time? And it may surprise you that physicists don't have a simple answer for that.
JAMES GLEICK: Physicists argue about and physicists actually have symposia on the subject of is there such a thing as time. And it's also something that has a traditional in philosophy going back about a century. But, I think it's fair to say that in one sense it's a ridiculous idea. How can you say time doesn't exist when we have such a profound experience of it first of all. And second of all we're talking about it constantly. I mean we couldn't get, I can't get through this sentence with out referring to time. I was going to say we couldn't get through the day without discussing time. So, obviously when a physicist questions the existence of time they are trying to say something specialized, something technical.
BILL NYE: Notice that in English we don't have any other word for time except time. It's unique. It's this wild fourth dimension in nature. This is one dimension, this is one dimension, this is one dimension and time is the fourth dimension. And we call it the fourth dimension not just in theoretical physics but in engineering. I worked on four dimensional autopilots so you tell where you want to go and what altitude it is above sea level and then when you want to get there. Like you can't get there at any time.
GLEICK: Einstein or maybe I should say more properly Minkowski, his teacher and contemporary, offers a vision of space-time as a single thing, as a four dimensional block in which the past and the future are just like spatial dimensions. They're just like north and south in the equations of physics. And so you can construct a view of the world in which the future is already there and you can say, and physicists do say something very much like this, that in the fundamental laws of physics there is no distinction between the past and the future. And so if you're playing that game you're essentially saying time as an independent thing doesn't exist. Time is just another dimension like space. Again, that is in obvious conflict with our intuitions about the world. We go through the day acting as though the past is over and the future has not yet happened and it might happen this way or it might happen that way. We could flip a coin and see. We tend to believe in our gut that the future is not fully determined and therefore is different from the past.
DEAN BUONOMANO: If the flow if time, if our subjective sense of the flow of time is an illusion we have this clash between physics and neuroscience because the dominant theory in physics is that we live in the block universe. And I should be clear. There's no consensus. There's no 100 percent agreement. But the standard view in physics is that, and this comes in large part from relativity, that we live in an eternalist universe, in a block universe in which the past, present and future is equally real. So, this raises the question of whether we can trust our brain to tell us that time is flowing.
NYE: In my opinion time is both subjective and objective. What we do in science and engineering and in life, astronomy, is measure time as carefully as we can because it's so important to our everyday world. You go to plant crops you want to know when to plant them. You want to know when to harvest them. If you want to have a global positioning system that enables you to determine which side of the street you're on, from your phone you need to take into account both the traditional passage of time that you might be familiar with watching a clock here on the Earth's surface, and the passage of time as it's affected by the...
Read the full transcript at bigthink.com/videos/does-time...
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Have questions for one of the experts featured in this video? Let us know! We'll keep them in mind for our next video.
It would be nice if you actually had an expect on the conceptual/philosophy basics of time in this video; rather than this bunch.
Time is a movement from here to there.
If the physical did not exist, would there be time? No. Time is the consequence of the physical because the physical operates in cycles; the cycles of the physical is what we call time. For example an acorn becomes a tree, so time is the movement of the physical.
Do the past, present, and future exist in the same place? Well let's see. My actions are based on the past, and the past exists in the present as memory, therefore the past is in the present.
The future is decided by the actions in the present, which means the future is in the present, therefore the past and the future are in the present.
I mean we only have a concept of time because of the sun, no?
Sure. I like to look at their charts and show them how time is an illusion if they can take on my challenge and won't be typical snubs.
So we are to believe, since the big bang the universe has expanded at a rate that exceeds the speed of light, but time stops at the speed of light! Would that not indicate time actually never started? would that not indicate that what we perceive as time is actually a simulation?
Time is a useful tool but I can't help feel I had a more healthy relationship with time as a child, when it wasn't associated with so much anxiety of the future and regret of the past. As a child I lived in the present and experienced much joy and also struggles. This new concept of time passed down to us seems to come with drawbacks, as useful as it is.
whats the relation between you,time,past and the feeling of regret and anxiety?
@@anestos2180 usually time is associated with the future, for me worry about the future.
@@BrettyPOV Oneness= All Great❤️
I were stonde and I wisited my futureself and also effect dejavu
@@comunityblogger8729 synchronicitty
"I am just a child who has never grown up. I still keep asking these 'how' and 'why' questions. Occasionally, I find an answer."
― Stephen Hawking
yeah he is my inspiration, I love his classic horror movie "IT"
I am a child who is a bit older than Stephen Hawking was. I keep asking these "how" and "why" questions. And, because I am older, I know Who to listen to. Which is why I have found THE answers. All is Thought in a Great Mind. Call that Mind whatever you want. Many call it God. And time is but the illusion of limitation that we are experiencing due to an error that we made. And when correction is complete, time IS eternity. Want to know more? Seek and ye shall find......
"I have no special talent, I am only passionately curious." -Albert Einstein
"Success is 10% inspiration (by me) and 90% perspiration (by all my cheap scientists employees) (but credits are 100% mine)": the real Thomas Edison
@@jensenraylight8011 ik what you did there👀😂
So free will is just an illusion. The whole script or movie of our life was already filmed and we are just watching the show second by second. Amazing, no need to cry.
This is ridiculous. Einstein is wrong. Read my comment at the top of these posts!
I’ve been thinking about this a lot since my husband died, that time is an illusion--if everything is happening all at once he still exists! As do I when I was young! I wish I could visit that dimension whenever I wanted!
yes… I do believe that we don’t die and that we exist solely in our different dimensions. the people in the past, who lived millions of years before us, still exist. conscious, and still one with their consciousness
@@zzzsann the big question is are we able to tap into it, and how many me’s is there? Baby me, child, teenager, middle age and the end stage the golden years! This is like wild science fiction!! It’s very intriguing!
He still exists but in a different form. The universe does something called cosmic recycling, where atoms are reused to create other beings after the ones that came before have completely decayed. You, for example, are made of the same atoms that once comprised stars that no longer 'exist'.
@@j.pslaym0666 have you been able to do this! I can conjure his spirit when I think of him, but I’m not sure that’s a good thing to do?! Am I living in the past?
unfortunately, our eyes/brains only tap into one aspect of simultaneity (/ one "reality" among countless others) and can only act on that particular processed info, not on info 'hiding' within other aspects ~ "time" is the measure of motion between two linear events (typically called entropy or negentropy)
...we cannot 'move sideways' through the quantum soup of existance, nor can we probe that unfamiliar territory with our minds in such a way that lets our eyes see 'long gone' realities or future potential realities... nor other present realities ...assuming they even exist (within our own universe that is)
~ meditation allows us to focus on neural pathways to the possible source of soul which many believe are deep within (as opposed outside) our bodies / atoms, but
again, our own visual and mental limitations, plus individual beliefs and aspirations, affect what we see ~ it may be a comforting and otherwise worthwhile thing to do, but it isn't "time" travel.
only when we rejoin the cosmic soup, which (despite the assertions of many physicists) includes soul, aka consciousness +/ consciousness potential, may we truly connect or interact with everything else...
i personally find that a great comfort.
very best wishes, jackie ❀
Perhaps a good analogy is a movie on a DVD disc. The entire movie already exists on the DVD, but you observe only the "present" while the movie is being played. The observer creates the illusion of past, present and future by having a memory of the past, and an expectation of the future.
So determinism?
Vansh Jain along with causality and relativism. A working theory of everything would be nice. Faith will have to do in the meantime.
@@vanshjain3207 If you want to understand determinism as best it can be understood, read my book. But in short: absolutely. Past, present and future all exist at once. Give me a "click" for more info.....
William Olenchenko Good analogy that shows the inadequacy of Eternalism. Eternalism is the DVD disk. The DVD disc is not our experience of watching the movie, So, Eternalism cannot itself account for our experience of Time.
@@vanshjain3207 As any other analogy, it has so many parameters that are missing and it is just used to explain a certain aspect of a whole subject. In a deterministic case, multiverse theory and quantum mechanics might give us an idea.
Try telling your boss that time is an illusion.
Or your age.
Lol
@@brett8074
.in the reality of SPIRIT....TIME AND EvERYTHING ELSE IN THE PHYSICAL UNIVERSE (including you ) are ILLUSIONs. SPIRIT SEES US AS HOLOGRAMS ILLUSIONS PLAY-OF-LIGHT
in our reality EVERYTHING IS REAL.
IN THE REALITY OF SPIRIT .. TIME or better still TIMELINES (past, present, future) , exist and ARE SIMULTANEOUSLY RUNNING LIKE MOVIE REELS .
IN OUR REALITY,...NO WE are DESIGNED TO PERCEIVE LINEAR. we cannot perceive these other timelines because our intellect and senses
are NOT programmed to notice it.
Then the business get bankrupt and you are unemployed 😉 😂
Time is money-- says the ceo
I remember once I was at a music festival. It was a rock festival and I was about to see one of my favorite bands of all time, I have been waiting for HOURS under the cold rain for them to show up, almost to the point of giving up and going home. It was so weird to feel so miserable and happy at the same time once they finally started to play.
And I remember that I started to think ''tomorrow all these sensations will be just a memory, they won't exist anymore, it will all disappear and it will feel like a dream'' and that just felt so weird to me. I couldn't understand why that moment had to disappear if it felt so real and it was so powerful. The rain, the cold, the tiredness, the excitement. Why was it more ''valid'' there than the day after?.
4 years have passed since that day, and still sometimes I stop and remember that moment, remember the rain falling on my coat and me and my friend huddled together trying to endure it, and it feels like I'm still there, waiting for my favorite band to come up.
It was a revelation to know that Einstein had a similar way of thinking as well.
what band? please & thank you ♡
Check out depression if you want feelings, sensations to last.
@@hayleyb467 oh damn, one year latter but it was Scorpions actually.
@@behamut92 You saw Scorpions in...2017? So did I. It wasn't Sweden Rock Festival was it?
I don’t see how this correlates to Einstein’s thinking
A long, long time ago I read the following, paraphrasing of course, in Mad Magazine:
“To the past, the present is the future. To the future, the present is the past. If the present is both future and past, then we live in all dimensions simultaneously.”
I've yet to see all this discussion of "time" stated more succinctly.
On this, the concept of beginning and end has nothing to do with reality.
But why is our brain so limited in understanding the reality live in?
@@MustyX
The "reality" we live in?
I'm still trying to figure who the real "me" really is.
There is the "me" who is writing this right now at this moment...while there is a "me" who is aware of *that* me who is sitting here writing this...and there is a "me" that is madly, passionately, deeply, truly, and eternally in love with "my" wife while there is a "me" that is old, bitter, cynical, and angry at the whole world and I'm well aware of how "they"--yes, all those "experts" armed with their college degrees, explain it all--but why should "I" believe "them" over perhaps what I have concluded for "my" "self"?
And is it the "brain," that physical organ, that holds all these mysteries and if so why is it that each and every time discussions like these come up, it's almost as if someone rubs the bottle and poof, that genie called "mind" comes into play? And then it is this "mind" that is said to be behind all of this fascination and obsession with trying to figure out life, the universe, and everything and the poor "brain" is once again limited to "just" a physical organ, the one that is limited to those five physical senses of touch, taste, smell, hearing, and sight.
And that "reality"? Is that only that physical reality or does it include the nonphysical reality of those thoughts, passions, ideas, and emotions?
Wait. What is that old Zen/Taoist (I think) saying: "Am I man dreaming I am a butterfly or am I a butterfuly dreaming I'm a man?"
And this is when I get a headache 'cause I remember people always telling me that I "think too much" and me wondering is *that* even possible? I mean, why then do we have that brain that is capable of all of that?
You stay safe and be well.
Oh, and if/when you get the answer to your question...please let me know....and yes, apologies for the mini-rant. It's self-directed, not meant for you.
@@jackmorgan8931
Hmmm...
Now is a plank second that exists between the past which is gone,
& the future, which hasen't happened yet.
"i didn't say that"-Albert Einsten
When did I say that?
@@onthecover5042 Ask Tesla
"I'm eternal, like Time"-Albert Einstein
Time is all about your state of consciousness and perception. If you sit in a empty room for 5 hours with just a clock to look at. Time will take FOREVER because you are actively aware and observing of it's passing. Now say you are in the same room except it's with your friends playing video games. 5 hours will pass in the blink of an eye. The amount of time is no different but your consciousness and perception of it is.
👌👽.
dont forget that time is heavily altered under the influence of natural herbs like marijuana, psilocybin and ayahuasca. it seems as if tweaking your brain chemistry with slightly different variables can manipulate your perception of time dramatically. somebody who would be high all the time would feel time pass much more slowly compared to the world around them.
That’s true to the extent of our biological chemistry. It works that way for us because that’s how our brains work psychologically.
However, time is effected by natural forces such as speed and gravity. The faster you get towards light speed, the faster you experience time relative to slower objects. It’s speculated that light itself doesn’t experience time. And the higher gravity you’re under, the slower time moves compared to those outside of that gravity well.
There is a theory that your consciousness makes up the universe. I don’t fully believe that, but there are aspects of science and such that, if you put it all together, make a believable argument for that Theory. However, that wouldn’t explain how speed and gravity effect time perception. Though I have a personal theory about that and how light moving across the fabric of space-time is used to determine how time passes. That’s a lot of typing though and most people don’t care lol.
Wow
That's a rehash of Einstein's description
Time basically comes to a standstill at the speed of light. It's such a huge clue, yet no one can figure this out. The universe is so amazing and inspirational. I'm completely blown away right now!
Not really. Time is the measurement of change. If you're moving, even just breathing, then there is a change and an ability to measure "time".
Check out physics girl. She just did a video on time cryatals.
It’s been figured out. At light speed, time comes to a stand still because distances shrink down to near nothing. When distances shrink or shut down, you don’t have space, then you don’t need time. Space-Time does not exist for itself, and is a servant for matter, which in turn produces gravity that warps space time for its own dynamics. If all matter or mass would ever disappear, space time would just fold itself out of existence, and revert back to pre “Big Bang” state, whatever that was.
It's more accurate to say that cause and effect happen simultaneously at the speed of "light" (which is actually the speed of causality; light is the only thing that can reach that speed because it's massless and it can't exceed that speed because effect would occur before cause at that point). C is the point at which causality is instantaneous.
Time is relative to the observer when it comes to gravity and nearing the speed of light but it still passes. It passes more slowly with higher the gravity or the higher the speed but only to the observer in that environment.
She described space time better than anyone I’ve ever heard!!! I don’t even think I understood that concept until now, but I’ve heard it for years.
Seems to me, we will never fully understand the universe as long as we are stuck seeing the universe in a single temporal direction.
👌👽.
oh damn! heavy one
@championchap who is we?
Isn't that what this video is about - trying to see our world from a different view?
championchap because we’re not supposed to...we’re supposed to experience it
I'm in a very boring French lesson right now, time is not moving here.
Alvin Manda lmao, I approve of this appropriate comment!
Bonjour, i hope you discover time travel someday
So maybe you should slow down some....
😁 Here's a little riddle for you:
*☙ PAUL & PAULA and the Wretched Pedometer ❧*
(A Short Story about Time & Space)
Paul and Paula are standing at a wall.
Paul is standing three steps away from it, while Paula is leaning right at it.
Paul to Paula: “I want to lean at the wall now!”
Paula to Paul: “Okay.”
Paul walks three steps toward the wall. As he turns around, Paula is standing three steps away from it.
Paula to Paul: “Happy now?”
Paul to Paula: “And how!” He grins.
Paul to Paula: “Boy, am I glad I made three steps toward the wall!”
Paula to Paul: “Yeah, me too!”
Paul is puzzled.
Paul to Paula: “What do you mean? You didn’t walk toward the wall, you walked away from it!“
Paula to Paul: “Not true! I didn’t walk away from the wall. I just walked back in time!”
Never before has Paul heard such poppycock.
Paul to Paula: “That’s impossible! Show me your watch!”
Paula shows Paul her Minnie Mouse watch: “Here!”
Paul shows Paula his Mickey Mouse watch: “See? My watch counted three seconds, and so did yours! Yeah, sure thing you walked back in time - as if!”
Paula to Paul: “Psh! You show me your pedometer!”
Paul shows Paula his pedometer: “There!”
Paula, triumphantly: “See? Your pedometer counted three steps, and so did mine! Yeah, sure thing I walked away from the wall - as if!”
*So… who’s correct?*
*Paul?*
*Or Paula?*
🤔
Keep totally still.😄
I had a Science teacher in 8th grade tell us kids something that has stuck with me all these years. Imagine a planet millions of light years away but they have a very special telescope that receives pictures from other distant worlds. They point it at Earth but they are so far away, they are only just now getting pictures of dinosaurs walking around on our planet.
chilling
Time is to "the happening of events" like a ruler is to distance, is just a tool to meassure the happening of the now so we can study what already happen and proyect what's about to.
I love Michelle Thaller!!! I seem to have an easier time comprehending concepts if she's explaining them. Something about her voice & inflection really resonates.
Love from Texas ♡
Sexist
Michelle is awesome!
She has a striking resemblance with Trump.
I am almost sure she is talking about things she can't know for sure yet she is presenting them as facts. Sad for the science.
She's very well spoken. I liked her a lot too on this one
“Wet chemical computers” - love it, stole it 💕
Ashley Engle that was a great way of putting it. Like a wet compass. Water is used for levels in construction and other measuring devices...
But yes....
That would be awesome first date conversation☺
Amores hmmmmm. Ashley said....
True, I even rewarded the video
Was it Bender that coined "fleshy robots"?
I dunno. Close. Bender (VO): Now that I know robots are worthless, with no League of Robots to protect us from the fleshy menace known as man, I have resolved to kill myself.
I have dreamed about my future on many occasions that fact alone tells me the future is already pre-determined atleast to an extent, so everything might aswell be happening at the same moment altogether. This is both amazingly interesting and terrifying...
Maybe the idea of time flowing like a river compliments the idea that time is relative to how fast one moves through space. Imagine a rock firmly planted at the bottom of a river. From this point the perceived flow of the water would be quite fast and the resistance would eventually erode the rock. Now imagine that rock is somehow flowing with the river at the same speed as the current. From this point the flow of water appears to be very slow or even not moving at all. Also from this point erosion would occur much slower due to the lower water resistance. If we replace the river of water with a river of light it makes sense why traveling closer to the speed of light slows down the perceived speed of time while also slowing the aging (“erosion”) process.
You reading a book?
@@razerz4341 Not currently. I had just watched a bunch of videos on the nature of time and space and had that thought.
That’s time dilation I think. The faster your moving the slower you experience time. So if your moving at the speed of light (like the rock moving along the river) you age much slower (less erosion)
How can this analogy describe the relationship between gravity and time
@@MCart1215 I'm no expert by any means but maybe an object on/in the "river" warps/slows the flow of water directly around it. This is essentially what's happening with mass and gravity and why objects with more mass have greater effect on gravity and slow the flow surrounding it. What's really interesting is when you look at the research and calculations of a blackhole and how physicists literally used a small whirlpool in container of water to make predictions and models. Blackholes really could be a vortex or wormhole out of this stream we experience as our universe.
Since I was 10yrs old, I'm over 60 now, I've always understood that: Time was the measurement of matter's movement through space. And that all aspects of it (ie. Past, Present and Future) exists simultaneously. Based on where you, as an individual are, relative to your position in that movement.
Most people dont realize this or fully understand this. Everything in the universe is in motion including the universe itself since it is expanding. This is what time is. If everything in the universe stopped then time would cease to exist.
@@fizbinsfire Time doesn't exist. But, in your scenario, what happens is that we have no events upon which to measure a change.
I still have a hard time grasping this logic because EVERYONE & EVERYTHING is currently existing in the same PRESENT while the past can no longer be accessed and not yet the future. Thus I am completely baffled as to how time is just an illusion especially as we visibly Age.
@@cavalrystyles8776
It's analogous to an inch. There is no inch in nature. It is a measurement apparatus made to evaluate the distance between two things.
Similarly, time is a measuring stick between events, not a control property or factor.
@@bogusphone8000 Oh I get it now, so basically Time has been Socially Constructed just as much as an Inch or a Mile.
I think time is change (fundamental dynamic movement). Everything in the known universe is constantly undergoing change and time is one of the conceptual tools we use to measure the process of change. If nothing changed then time would not exist.
I agree. More specifically...Time is a measure of change
Totally agree
I agree wholeheartedly
I agree but have a feeling it's not that simple.
That's the way I think of it. Humans have come up with an arbitrary way of measuring that change and have called it time. Therefore time as an actual dimension does not exist. Only change.
Therefore what they are talking about is not that we can perceive time speeding up or slowing, but the way things change around us.
Wow, I find this topic so fascinating, I'm reading quite a few books about it. Mrs Thaller is such a brilliant teacher I find, the way she explained these concepts was super clear and to the point. Thank you for sharing your knowledge with us 😃
do you have book recommendations? I’m reading about it too😊
@@SieteSays Paul Davies- About Time is an awesome book I can recommend you, one of my faves 😃
The fact they chose an obvious charlatan and propagandist like $hill Nye the Pseudoscience Guy to be a part of this discussion immediately lost this channel ALL credibility. 👎👎
hers is the best slowing-of-time explanation i've ever heard ☆
@@SieteSays I know this is a year on, but just in case - since this video I have read James Gleik's Time Travel, a History and Carlo Rovelli - The Order of Time. Both fascinating, if not quite different.
"Time is certainly real-but what do we mean by real?"
7:50 onward... this lady's words are stunning
Facts
I’m just a curious person and during the last years i’ve been fascinated about quantum mechanics and our perception of time. One thing i’ve been thinking for quite some time is what if when we are sleeping the laws of time don’t apply and superposition is possible? Could we’ve been already experiencing multiverse and we simply call it sleeping? Just like in quantum mechanics the act of observing a particle collapses it, maybe when we awake we’re also collapsing our reality to a specific spacetime meaning that while we’re sleeping our subconscience is everywhere at any point in time and from there is where all the different realities of ourselves, individually speaking, are being rendered from? Anyway, physics is fun and beautiful (at the same time) 😅
I have an episode about sleeping/dreaming in my channel and I talk about stuff that you may not understand but if you are open minded, you may actually get it.
Focus on waking up years ago
I had this experience on magic mushrooms.
Simply sim
Watch professor dave's explains video on quantum, the double slit experiment is not explained properly by the medias. It doesnt reeally work like that
Thank you so much, Dr. Michelle Thaller, for explaining Einstein's space-time so clearly for us non-scientists. Question: I have heard scientists say recently that the Big Bang never happened? How do you approach answering such a huge question? 🙃🤔
Would have been nice if they talked about entropy's relationship to time and what that means
I had a dream where my late step brother explained to me that life was basically a collection of pictures in an album documenting every second of our lives. When we died we would be able to revisit any moment in the album and relive it.
they're absolutely right energy never dies
Yes. And that album is in your dream. Go back and get it.
@@Auraa___ that’s vague! Die is not a word we can use with energy. It just dissipates (it can’t be destroyed true) it is absorbed elsewhere! There’s no energy that can visit yourself in the past?
Hmm maybe thats why I have voice in my head telling me I'm actually a dumbass
@@Auraa___ energy may not but consciousness dies
When Einstein says time slows down when we travel at very high speed, he actually is saying time "appears to have slowed down" to a stationary observer. But the absolute time experienced by both the moving person and the stationary one remains the same. Some slowing of time influenced by gravity or acceleration may occur but of small magnitude. The Theory of Relativity is useful for local applications such as GPS, but that does not mean absolute time does not exist right across the vast universe. The quantum particle entanglement is telling us all things in the universe are interconnected in absolute time.
"nicely said"
You got it!
But if time slows down for YOU, and not for the OBSERVED - then the theory of relativity / concept that the past, present and future all exist at once kinda makes sense... because if you could speed up dramatically or slow down dramatically (not just the little bit that affects a GPS system for e.g.) then you could theoretically observe and experience different parts of time... right?
My understanding is that when Einstein said “absolute time,” he didn’t mean a master clock. Rather, he meant that as malleable as time really is to different observers, it can never slow down or speed up in such as way as to violate cause and effect. So to that extent there must be something universal that keeps causality intact.
Time is the 4th dimension. Gravity allows us to experience it. That’s why the fabric of space/time bends around certain objects, and why certain objects bend space/time bc of their mass.
When people have NDEs, they mention that time doesn’t exist. Time is an illusion. But we use time to grow, to live, to experience our human experience on earth.
What do you think about the relationship between time and gravity? Help me, I don’t understand it.
I think we use time to keep everything from happening to us all at once. That would vaporize us!
Thank you.
@@MsNickie1001 Hmmm... Gravity grounds us? My brain hurts.
11:30 I suppose I would be intuitively more comfortable with the notion that other moments in time (past-present-future) are equally real as other points in space are equally real IF I could also travel in time as freely as I can travel in space. That built-in and everyday experience is so strong that it's difficult gain that intuition.
"Time is an illusion -
Lunchtime doubly so"
_The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy_
42
@@Kung.Pao.Kitty. yes, that's the correct answer
Magrathea!!
@@Kung.Pao.Kitty. 69
"Time is an illusion, rising from time, steep is the mountain which we climb"- Metallica, Small Hours
Michelle Thaller's explanations are the kind of thing that could inspire a kid to become an astrophysicist.
Agreed. She is excellent at distilling complicated topics down to an understandable level.
She will say the only words she knows that you'll understand.
(Michelle - the Beatles)
Yet another perspicacious video by Big think on the concept of time. I admire the fact that the team brings in multiple perspectives on every topic and then lets the viewer come to a logical conclusion.
Gravitational Time Dilation is only briefly mentioned here, but it occurs to me that this phenomenon has profound implications for predictions like those carried out in the derivation of Bell's Theorem. As I understand it, to account for the phenomenon of Gravitational Time Dilation, one would need to employ a Gravitational Path Integral instead of the simpler Minkowski Integral in which Bell found that his presumptive hidden variable vanished. In the presence of a gravitational gradient, the twin particles age at disparate rates and thus do not maintain precise phase-locked synchrony. When one particle is at +x and its twin is at -x, the time-varying terms in λ(x,t) are not at the same phase and hence do not cancel out. Instead, one would expect to find a non-vanishing "beat frequency" term coming out of the calculation. Or to put it another way, time itself is the hidden variable.
"Time is just a result of human sense of imagination and memory. There is no past nor future, just the eternal now." - pikachu
I wouldn't trust what a pokemon says :-) The now may be hard to pin-point, but I know it's no longer yesterday and tomorrow hasn't happened yet...but when it does, it will be just as real as now.
@@Pete856 past and future is just human way of labeling the imagination and memory. Actually this qoute is from Sadhguru and Allan Watts. I just said pikachu just for fun.
@@alrizo1115 Memory is more than imagination as millions can remember the same event. Plus memory isn't just a biological thing, lightly bend a piece of metal and it will try to return to it's original shape, this is also called memory. The past events on Earth leave their evidence in the rock layers in the order in which they happened. Things need to happen in order, otherwise none of it would make any sense.
69aussieguy, I agree with you. The concept of time is an emergent attribute for me as it is how I process and reconcile memory, motion, and change. The past and the future are still here in the present, it’s just that matter and energy are arranged in different patterns and force vectors. The flow of time is the flow of change where the timeless particles are moving at light speed.
Time is a man made concept to helps us cope with our existence and experiences as we go through the meaningless of life in the grand scale of things in the Universe
Time is a measurement of the progression of movement.
hammer 5505 if nothing moves, does time not exist?
@@amiddled If everything down to the subatomic level, stops moving, time is irrelevant. Just my opinion.
@@hammer-fn7gm ....which is what will happen at the end of the universe, when the last red dwarf finaly peters out, when the last radioactive isotope decays & when the last bit of matter finally breaks down into subatomic particles, then time will have no meaning. Time (?) to find a new universe.
Reminds me of one of Einstein's quotes: "Nothing happens until something moves" ;)
Andy Midd, if there is no such actual thing as time and only things in relative motion, then no motion means no time. This does not mean that what we experience as time is an illusion but that when we think it is a feature of the universe that is a misrepresentation. What we experience as before and now makes perfect sense because all things have either linear or angular motion in one direction, so this fact underlies what we experience as the arrow of time, but on this reading it is actually the arrow of thing n motion.
Definitely interesting concept.
Explain nandela effects, weird coincidence etc.
Imagine after death youre put in a different time. Maybe you live it a little differently and itll show in the timeline.
I've always thought of sleep as a fast forward button. The past , present , & future is all laid out as its happened already. When we fall asleep , time seems to fly by but whoever is still awake , time will go by normally. Therefore you are hours ahead into the future than they are but life seems normal because time has already happened.
I still have a hard time grasping this logic because EVERYONE & EVERYTHING is currently existing in the same PRESENT while the past can no longer be accessed and not yet the future. Thus, I am completely baffled as to how time is just an illusion especially as we visibly Age nonstop from age 0 to 100
@@cavalrystyles8776 maybe it's just happening in very slow motion. Sorta like if u saw someone at the edge of a black hole , you'd see them moving extremely slow. The universe is so big , maybe everything happening is slow motion because of how vastly huge the universe is.
You are not hours ahead into the future then they are. That means every time someone slept their life would get significantly shorter. Say that was true. Say you were an 1/8th of year older than someone ever time you slept and two people had a lifespan of 80 years. That’s it, 80 years than they die. Okay now say one of them slept about a third more in those 80 years, by your logic, and how sleeping “fast forwards us”, instead of the person who slept more living 80 years like they were supposed to, they only would live 70 years. We don’t “skip time” when we sleep, we simply “perceive” time when we’re awake, or conscious, and we are asleep or “unconscious” or more like our brain is focused on the subconsciousness, so we no longer “perceive” time. That’s why it seems like you just close your eyes and then your alarms waking you up, but then in a single dream can live out a million lifetimes. But just because we don’t perceive something doesn’t mean it’s not their
@@Generic-usernam3 it's all just theories. It's not like I 100% believe in it lol. It's just a deep thought I had late at night
Exactly but I remember when I was anesthetized and woke up I asked about time and it was too close of what I thought so the mind still collecting time everywhere and anywhere
Time, thinking about the time is one of my favorite subjects.
You seem to be killing a lot of time. Lol
Wow the theory the lady said about different people observing and experiencing time in a different way according to Einstein’s theory makes so much sense when you think about people with adhd for instance. They move so quickly in their head and people diagnosed with adhd most often have trouble with time management and lose track of it very easily when a whole hour has gone by but it feels like ten minutes
Time in my brain ; When I concerned, Thinking, or experience pain, or feeling sad, time slow down, one day feels like one month. When I relaxed, happy or excited , time speed up for me, one day feels like one hour. I'm in my 30's , some time I feel like I already lived 100 years. and other times I feel like only lived 10years
This video content makes me feel less crazy. When I was a child, I insisted to my mom that I could figure out how to travel backward in time. Now I know it's possible!! Thank you.
How is this related to time travel
Whatever you want to believe
re:
William Mc guinness: "If time is slowing down very slightly how do we tell"
Time isn't doing anything. It's a measurement, an assignment, not a substance or a power or a source of anything. The past and the future are psychological. There is only this moment.
Yes, Einstein is wrong and time is absolute. Se my post at the top of these comments.
Every year is getting shorter, never seem to find the time
Plans that either come to naught or half a page of scribbled lines
Hanging on in quiet desperation is the English way
The time is gone, the song is over, thought I'd something more to say.
Breathe,Breathe in the air .. don’t be afraid to cAre!!
Fart upon the chair,with not a worry to share.
Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night.
Old age should burn at rage at close of day.
-Dylan Thomas
I'm glad this video exists. I recently watched a video on general relativity, that described how our motion through time can be turned into motion through space when near a massive body, and it really made me question if time was al already there. After all, we move through space with all of it existing around us, so if we consider that we move through time, it would make sense that time must all already exist to serve as a medium for our motion. I still find it rather confusing though. It would be interesting to see other perspectives on it in more detail
We created the concept of time to explain/communicate objects relative to other objects, it gets really weird once we started over complicating it by calling it fourth dimensions, makes me wonder how many things we can do the same to…
Exactly, it's events happening, sunrise, sunset, seasons and things in between. We see them ticking.
A good example of time and space going hand to hand is when on a road trip the calculated time would be 2hrs and 30 mins. When you arrive at your destination in just 2hrs from going at rates of speed of 80+ the entire time. That’s bending time.
The best explanation of "deja vu" experience
That is my theory also...we are just like the old 8 track cassettes when you get to the end, it starts all over again endlessly !
Damn a bit over my head FOR NOW but thank you for putting this up and allowing my brain and heart to start processing this and hopefully to act in the manner which they have acted before and lead me to the answers and show me how all this makes sense
WOW... ONE OF THE BEST informative content I have seen on TH-cam in a while!!! THUMBS UP!!!
"But everything that once lived, lives on forever. In the eternity of time."
- DARK
Yes, and that is why all 3 exist at once. Quantum physics explained how consciousness exists after your imprint is made. Information cannot be destroyed, and each conscious creature is preserved in time.
@@jonskid8929 when we die and reach the state of non-existence/nothing we aren’t affected by time, because time only exists with existence. So theoretically we could not exist for a Quintillion-Trillion^nth years, but be reborn seemingly instantaneously after we die.
@@liangelotesticle7964 information cannot be destroyed. It exists as long as the universe does. What is your point?
@@jonskid8929 I’m talking about multiple universes. Like when black holes have sucked everything up and finally collapsed on themselves and then another Big Bang happens.
@@liangelotesticle7964 You obviously don't have any knowledge about physics and astronomy
Time is defined as transition from one state to another. The longer the time goes, the bigger the difference between states at the start and at the end is. One has to set the starting point to measure the time.
What happens when the entire universe reaches absolute zero, no molecules move, protons decay away, how do we measure time?
What if there never was a starting point?
Think of it like a jukebox. All the records exist simultaneously, although they can only be heard one at a time
Great book I recently have been reading on this: "The Oxford Handbook on the Philosophy of Time"
(only philosophy can deal with such matters; science is limited here, as it is on all ultimate explanations)
I was just thinking, could it be that "now" is to "time" as a single drawing is to a cartoon? I.e. we can look at the different drawings that make up a cartoon at the same time - they are all "nows" in a sense - but played neatly back-to-back they make up a cartoon (i.e. a continuous sense of time). So by that logic, every 'frame' of our actual time could exist at the same moment, one dimension up, where a hypothetical sentient being could look at multiple of our "nows" at the same time.
This kind of reminds me of that trend a while ago where a set with people froze and a camera would move around the scene to show it from multilple angles, or like how in video games you can sometimes pause/go into photo mode and move the camera around to see that 'moment' from all angles.
What is the increment of each "frame" of time? Is it a second, 1 millionth of a second, or 1 trillionth of a second? 1 second of time could be divided infinitely. Time only exists in our minds.
Oh I misunderstood you. If time is a dimension the satellites they have to adjust the time for would be in a different dimension and wouldn't even be visible. They need a new explanation for the variance of the clocks.
I have prophetic dreams, since I was a child. Some tell me events that would last two decades, like my marriage, in details, how it will going to be - and yes, how it turned to be. Some dreams come to me two years prior to an outcome of the events, so I have no idea what that dream was about - but it was too bright, vivid and distinctive to be dismissed. Then two years later I say - oh, ok, I see. I had dreams about pandemic and following mandate vaccination one year prior to it. So.... Yes, the past, future and present is one vast energy field.
It's so fun to have premonition. I used to have few. But what I studied in quantum physics is that's in superposition until it happens. Because we have free will we can interrupt the future. The dreams or premonition we have can be unfulfilled if we take a different decision. Nothing is written on stone. But the premonition we get is due to high chances of the result happening even though it's in superposition until we take a decision.
I saw a video wherein a secret agent to the elites said that even if there is 73% chance of something happening can be reversed to 27% by our decisions and free will.
Past and future can be changed.
Have you seen premonition of the world 5 years in future?
@@candiceruth10 I don’t want to see how the world 🌎 turns out in the year 2027. It probably won’t be good
8:30 - Is is the speed/rate of the clocks that is changing or time itself? And please someone explain how we can verify or refute this. Thanks
*Q:* The Continuum didn't think you had it in you, Jean-Luc. But I knew you did...We wanted to see if you had the ability to expand your mind and your horizons. And for one brief moment, you did.
I am Q!
What is this supposed to mean??
@@vijaysridhar351 It’s from an episode of Star Trek the Next Generation.
You say that, but whatever time it is, there are still Four Lights! 😂
The reality of time is the changes it makes on everything. From child to adult to old age; is the effect of time.
This subject fascinates me and can’t completely grasp the concept but this helped! I will listen to it again and again until…….
No, Einstein is wrong and time is absolute. Se my post at the top of these comments.
I'm glad I had time for this.
Time is just a tool we use to measure our lives. It gives us a means to discuss something which is so vital to us. It is something we all share.
I asked so many people about this and I could never get one good answer but the answer is there is no time except now. Bill the science guy is on this video I just love the guy.
✨ Indeed - Because the past is gone - And the future is yet to happen 🌃
01:17 what about the word moment?
Isn't time just measuring the length or experience from event A to event B?
Time could very well be understood as the “changes” we perceive/experience as beings through our senses. Collective number of changes (or transformation) of our material surrounding in the way of movement, energy, shape, small, temperature, degrading, color/light, etc.
Excellent video. Philochrony is the theory that describes the nature of time and demonstrates its existence. Time is magnitive: objective, Imperceptible (intervals) and measurable.
My theory:- We are thinking about time incorrectly. We talk about measuring time, but I see that Time itself is a measurement of the strength of gravity. The stronger the gravity the slower time flows.
Foolish. Albeit time is effected by gravity. They are still 2 separate markers
Or maybe time is a measure of particle interactions. A single particle moving through a vacuum at the speed of light experiences no time, but particles interacting with each other do have a passage of time. Maybe the only reason time exists for us is because the quarks inside our bodies are constantly interacting with one another.
@john doe The thing that all these YT presenters keep overlooking or even failing to even mention is the fundamental relationship between *_energy_* and spacetime. The presence of energy is related to the curvature of spacetime, which *_IS_* gravitation. It's literally spelled out in Einstein's Field Equations. I really just don't get why they do that.
@@kenlogsdon7095 You'll like the PBS Spacetime channel.
@@djayjp I do like PBSST, been a subscriber for a long time now.
You remember those seeing eye cameras that you clicked to see the next slide , I believe time is like stacking of reality, like the big bang feeding the energy forwards -- it's a hell of a concept and I'm not even half way through it yet
There’s no way for our physical brain to comprehend time because as all these experts explained ….
It’s within their cranial capacity to explain it yet those who have had NDEs can even STILL not find words to explain the majesty of our existence.
It truly is a miracle.
“Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one.”
― Albert Einstein
Smart man
@@onthecover5042 "Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe."
― Albert Einstein
You already knew about human stupidity when alive, did you find anything on universe from the other side?
No shit!
i have an issue with what Albert says there. if reality is so damn persistent then i think it's very selfish and humancentric to believe that we are the only thing that understands that the persistence is an illusion. the thing is though, very evidently, reality is NOT an illusion. we all agree on what things look smell, and taste like in vague terms even if we can't perfectly describe what our exact perception of ones reality is compared to another persons.
even if another intelligent life form came to existence much like humans, but weren't humans, i would guarantee their ability to use reality to make historical connections or at the VERY least, estimates based on real physical evidence. the only people who disagree on how we all perceive reality we consider "mentally ill" and we can even pinpoint which part of their brain induces this phantom reality.
This lady is super awesome. I can listen to her and Michio Kaku explain anything, even if it's why 1+1=2
Thanks for this stimolating iformation. Much to think about!
Sometimes I wonder if all time existing simultaneously is why victims of cPTSD have such difficulty healing. The events are often reoccurring for the person.
This can also explain "getting stuck in your ways" as well as learned behaviors being called "generational curses".
I think that it might be helpful to explore also if the size of an object affects its time. If we think about objects as systems made up of particles, atoms etc, and energy, then the bigger the system the slower it needs to travel to cover the same distance than a smaller body.
if you're talking about humans then Stamina says: Hi
Just finished the Netflix series Dark today and then this video pops up in my recommendations... A glitch in the matrix
Imagine it like this. There's a two dimensional big painting wherein lots of things and events are going on. From the perspective of us three dimensional beings those completely different and separate events are as if frozen in time and therefore happening all at once. Now imagine our three dimensional world as if it was like the two dimensional painting I mentioned earlier but of course with one more added dimension. So now it it quite easy to understand that from the perspective of a e.g. 5 dimensional entity or being our three dimensional world would be seen as if frozen in time with all events past present and future happening all at once.
I love the way she explained that. Beautiful
What I wonder about the block universe is, if the past, present and future all exist, what exactly is the "Now" we experience? I think if the block universe is real, then maybe we experience our life in a linear fashion, then at the end, our experience could reset to the beginning and we run through it all again. I would be interested to know what a neuroscientist thinks about this theory of explaining the passage of time in our mind.
We are not linear beings living a linear life, we are dimensional beings living a dimensional life, because matter is really just energy vibrating at its lowest frequency. When we are able to access higher frequencies, through meditation for example, we can elevate our energetic frequencies to match higher frequencies beyond matter, and access dimensions beyond our 3-dimensional “reality”. Einstein said “The (quantum) field is the sole governing body of the particle.” The quantum field is an invisible field of information, that exists beyond space and time. There is no matter, no particles, no people, places, things, and no time. It’s an infinite field of blackness, void of anything material. It’s a field of information, of frequency, because all frequency carries information. Just because we can’t “see” something or experience something with our senses, doesn’t mean it doesn’t exist. There are frequencies beyond matter. Think of x-rays or radio waves or wifi. We can’t see them, but we know they exist. In this invisible field of information and frequency all possibilities exist all at once in every time. In order to access it, we need to be more energy, than matter, which technically, we are.
@@ECHunter-tn3mvI have no doubt that parallel universes exist. But I'm not talking about what we are or where we are. I'm talking about what we experience. The fact is, we just don't know enough about consciousness yet. Nobody does. At the moment all we can do is come up with theories.
Personally, i think time and motion are interconnected in much the same way that time and space are.
We measure time as motion, not only in say, the form of a clock and the motion of its hands which is the measuring device but also the motion of the Atom itself.
If all the Atoms in the universe stopped moving, would time still flow?
Time would be irrelevant at that point as it measures change. If there is no change (all things stop), then there is no factor by which to measure.
If no temperature then no motion. And right: no time. Luckily nowhere in any universe is 0 degree Kelvin.
To me, time is moments that are strung together to equal a movement which in turn equals the definition of time.
I was thinking about the timeless things like atoms or subatomic particles. If electrons moves at almost speed of light do they younger than protons?
And what causes me to think in that way?
All my life I have been interested in the passage of time and have always believed that the future must already exist , but what I never see mentioned is does the future exist in all its possibilities , or in other words does everything that can happen actually happen , perhaps in a parallel universe , or dimension?? . Are we living in a sort of simulation , maybe.
Even if the future already exists, it can only be perceived from another perspective, in fact, it has to be from outside of spacetime. But if you're talking about the future from your perspective, then, no, it has not existed.
No, Einstein is wrong and time is absolute. Se my post at the top of these comments.
our emotions play a crucial role in the way we perceive time.
👽👍
When she is talking about Einstein and time slowing as you go faster the way I most liked it described (it's called time dilation if they don't mention that I paused the video) is that when you or rather a particle get closer to the speed of light and you/it are massless, then when you reach 186,000m/s through a vacuum what has occurred is that you/it have transferred or even transformed all of your motion through time into motion through space. Recall that the two are inversely proportional (I think I used that correctly); so massless objects moving at relativistic speeds actually never seem, from your/it's perspective, to be moving at all in the sense that we move forward through time and call it getting older. Well, light never ages. Light doesn't have any motion through time at all it never ages it never dies. Full transfer of motion through time into motion through space. I find the concept beautiful in a metaphysical sense, but also-imagine disambiguation of a complex object from the scalar field that the Higgs boson propagates.....without that field giving the gravitational force field the means to manifest a complex system's mass as it warping spacetime and therefore exhibiting the normal gravitational effect we see and feel, could that system not be said to have been effectively made massless, and therefore able to eventually transfer all of IT'S motion through time into motion through space and sort of behave in the way only individual particles propagating through a quantum field that are already massless like leptons and neutrinos? If you haven't figured it out I'm not a physicist yet (I'm twenty-three years of mathless theory in, and now at 43 am finally tackling my old school days nemesis mathematics and finding myself actually getting it but still.... I'm three months in and just at college algebra but before that I couldn't do long division so... besides babbling to people who don't know the basics is annoying to all concerned so I might as well use unser Zeit mit gewichtigen Ideen with "weighty" ideas get it groan) but am actually a poet. So; "Stop Me If You Think That You've Heard This One Before"😉🙃 but do the real physicists who were bored today and so read this have any clarification about my tangent or am I just playing with the black&white beads and pretending I'm playing Go? At any rate: Ouspensky, Krishnamurty Dr. Bohm and Dr. Greene are the ones to hold responsible for my obsession with Time (let's not leave out LSD for twice allowing me to step outside of broken T-symmetry and the arrow of entropy ; it's a very counter-intuitive non-experience you can't recall but still think you can remember if....ah...... it's on the tip of my tongue! I'm not crazy -my father literally had me tested) so I can't help but get quite intensely engaged when other people who are as smrt as I but know more talk about the subject of Time in a scientific context but I ramble more now that I'm sober, no speed for years and I write replies so long and monomaniacal that I sound like a tool. Ach, so. To any who actually read this as always thank you for your time Peace
there is timing that can be witnessed in a concept situation by people I would not consider that time. Time is a recording of all events decay and happenings of things as a whole.
speed up affects timing based on a clock but not time that affects events of everything around it
I may know time, i feel time. Both of these are an il;lusion. Time is synonymous with being. For as long as there is life, there is time.
So there life since before life even formed?lol
The narrator bids us listen and declares that “Billy Pilgrim has come unstuck in time.” Billy travels randomly through the moments of his life without control over his chronological destination. Kurt Vonnegut.
Slaughter House 5
Perhaps time exists in a similar way to how thoughts exist. The thoughts themselves are perhaps not real (depending on how you define real, maybe) but their effects on ourselves and therefore the world around us are real, or at least felt. Time may not be real, but it's effects on the world very much are... perhaps.
Also, I like the notion that time stands completely still and that it is instead we who move through time...
I have zero training as a scientist since grade school, except the University of Google. But I totally believe that all the possible configurations of me in any definition of time are accessible to me always. I can quantum jump to another configuration of my existence, all existing at the same "Time". PS - I am a professional writer and it was difficult to write this without using references to time as we know it. Time is part of our language as they said.
Bill Nye referring to our brains as “wet chemical computers” will never leave me
❤😂
I believe time is humanity’s invention
time is linear Up it goes Round and Round, Spiraling.Moves
at different speeds, even has Cracks, Riffs,and Waves, Time is a explosion, Time is a Movie playing Out. Wait I've seen this Part,Let's Go!
Yes there’s only one word in English for Time but there are two signs for it in ASL. But that’s to show the difference between time as in “the time is 4:00” that kind of time verse “once upon a time” which is conceptually different even though it’s the same English word.
"Time is the universe's way of keeping everything to happen all at once."
I guess, without time the universe (or it's energy) would be stagnant... And that would be pretty boring wouldn't it? 😁
Also, the idea that Past and Future being the same introduces the idea of Pre-Determinism... Something many are not willing to abide to.
You know I used to not believe in determinism. But the more I experience life the more I realize or I should say the more it feels, that things seem to be determined.
@@dietrevich Of course it seems that way to you. You never had a choice to feel otherwise. 😉
Predetermined not Pre-determined. That’s all claptrap as everything that could happen is, has and will. You’re awareness doesn’t take it all in.
@Walter Except it does appear to be infinite, no clue where you’ve been.
@Walter Also what’s with your salad nonsense, you enjoy tossing them or something? You just keep mindlessly regurgitating the same banal insults. While then saying nothing.
The measurement of time began with the invention of sundials in ancient Egypt some time prior to 1500 B.C. However, the time the Egyptians measured was not the same as the time today's clocks measure. For the Egyptians, and indeed for a further three millennia, the basic unit of time was the period of daylight.👍
Stonehenge in England is from 3000 B.C.!
@@jipersson know I understand Stonehenge so I assume it was the Shadow of the sun that they use to measure time
Only "change" which is there. There is no "TIME " actually. Time is just a tool to measure the change. If you can feel Change rather than the time you will experience that moments do not go. Everything is here in the present.
@@kuntaldas7892 Amen. Only the eternal present is objective. The future and past are subjective. There is no passage of time, only the passage of change. However we all live with cosmic laws that create a concept of time and space and we buy it. Only the great ones are able, through strenuous effort with rare teachers, are able to ignore these laws.
A sundial what it really measures is the movement of the earth around the sun.. not really time..
When you pay close attention to time and will it to pass, it slows down.
When you go about whatever activity you are distracted by with no conscious awareness of time, it speeds by.
I just want help foring a hypothesis on a source of oscillating waves fromed by cronotons could come from just ideas for a source