Types Of Glaucoma

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Chapters
0:00 Introduction
0:10 Open Angle (Chronic) Glaucoma
0:34 Angle-Closure (Acute) Glaucoma
1:00 Congenital Glaucoma
1:22 Secondary Glaucoma
1:44 Normal Tension Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and cause vision loss.[1] The most common type is open-angle (wide angle, chronic simple) glaucoma, in which the drainage angle for fluid within the eye remains open, with less common types including closed-angle (narrow angle, acute congestive) glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma.[1] Open-angle glaucoma develops slowly over time and there is no pain.[1] Peripheral vision may begin to decrease, followed by central vision, resulting in blindness if not treated.[1] Closed-angle glaucoma can present gradually or suddenly.[2] The sudden presentation may involve severe eye pain, blurred vision, mid-dilated pupil, redness of the eye, and nausea.[1][2] Vision loss from glaucoma, once it has occurred, is permanent.[1] Eyes affected by glaucoma are referred to as being glaucomatous.
Risk factors for glaucoma include increasing age, high pressure in the eye, a family history of glaucoma, and use of steroid medication.[1] For eye pressures, a value of greater than 21 mmHg or 2.8 kPa is often used, with higher pressures leading to a greater risk.[2][5] However, some may have high eye pressure for years and never develop damage.[2] Conversely, optic nerve damage may occur with normal pressure, known as normal-tension glaucoma.[6] The mechanism of open-angle glaucoma is believed to be slow exit of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork, while in closed-angle glaucoma the iris blocks the trabecular meshwork.[2] Diagnosis is by a dilated eye examination.[1] Often, the optic nerve shows an abnormal amount of cupping.[2]
If treated early, it is possible to slow or stop the progression of disease with medication, laser treatment, or surgery.[1][7] The goal of these treatments is to decrease eye pressure.[2] A number of different classes of glaucoma medication are available.[2] Laser treatments may be effective in both open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma.[2] A number of types of glaucoma surgeries may be used in people who do not respond sufficiently to other measures.[2] Treatment of closed-angle glaucoma is a medical emergency.[1]

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[@MedicalCentric]

Glaucoma is a serious eye condition that can lead to vision loss. It's important to consult an eye specialist for a proper diagnosis and personalized treatment plan. Treatment options may include prescription eye drops, oral medications, laser therapy, or surgery, depending on the type and severity of glaucoma. Regular follow-up appointments and adherence to the prescribed treatment are crucial to manage the condition and preserve your mother's vision.