Why Is Water So Difficult to Find?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 8 เม.ย. 2022
- VIPER, PRIME-1, Chandrayaan 3 and PROSPECT look to find water on the Moon.
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Image Credits: NASA
The Flying Exploration Polar Rover, or VIPER, is NASA's lunar rover that will explore water ice and other resources available on the Moon's surface. VIPER (Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover) is a lunar rover developed by NASA (Ames Research Center) that is currently due to be delivered to the lunar surface in November 2023.
The lunar region of the South Pole as a whole will be busy with missions to Noble Crater in 2023, as well as Shackleton Crater (near the IM-2 landing site). The moon is already well mapped thanks to past NASA missions such as the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.
Data from Luna 24, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, the Indian Chandrayaan 1 Orbiter, and the Lunar Crater Observation and Sounding Satellite showed that lunar water is widely (albeit slightly) distributed over the lunar surface, especially at constant shaded craters in the region of the South Pole. In 2009, NASA followed up the discovery with the Lunar Crater Observation and Sounding Satellite (LCROSS), which crashed into the Moon and further confirmed water ice. Data from NASA's SOFIA observatory helped find real molecular water on the moon's solar surfaces. In one study, researchers found water right on the lunar surface by finding the molecule in sunlit areas of the moon.
NASA's orbital missions have shown that there is water ice on the moon, especially in the deep, permanent shadows of some mountains and craters. For years, scientists believed that ice craters at the lunar poles contained water ice, both a scientific advantage and a potential resource for human missions. Observations from India's Chandrayaan-1 probe in 2008 and NASA's LCROSS mission in 2009 indicated that the moon's south pole region contains water ice, which was detected in emissions from the planned Centaurus constellation. The rocket crashed in a permanently shadowed crater at the moon's south pole. In support of the presentation, NASA has also been very vocal about mining water ice on the moon.
At the end of 2023, NASA plans to send a rover called Viper to the Moon, which will map the location of water ice on the lunar surface and collect samples. NASA's first mobile robotic mission to the Moon, VIPER, will carry a TRIDENT drill and scientific instruments that will directly analyze water ice on and below the surface of the Moon at different depths and under different temperature conditions. NASA believes the VIPER rover will help create the first global maps of the Moon's water resources. Even before the shipment happens, private company Intuitive Machines plans to send a robotic lander to the lunar surface in 2022, equipped with the same drill Viper will use.
On Monday, NASA announced that in 2023 a golf cart-sized VIPER will land near the western rim of Nobile Crater on the Moon's south pole, at the moon's south pole. The water-hunting Viper rover will travel alongside space robotics company Astrobotics Griffin, which will accompany the rover to the surface. NASA's VIPER rover, a precursor mission to the south polar region of the Moon and a mission that began in 2019 under the Commercial Lunar Payload Services
#wateronthemoon #lunarwater #viperNASA #watericemoon #vipermoon #chandrayaan #prime1
/ @astrumspace
viper nasa how to make moon water viper moon
The problem is that water on the moon is essential for establishing and maintaining any kind of lunar presence. So, using lunar water to make rocket propellent (and, thus, removing it from the moon) would be a bad thing for any lunar bases. Heck, Heinlein wrote about that nearly 60 years ago in "The Moon is a Harsh Mistress."
It would not be much of a challenge to deliver more water on the moon if that was necessary for some reason. However there probably is a useful enough amount anyway.
Nobody landed on the moon and nobody will.
@@stolearovigor281 Oh, joy!
If it was heavier water (there has been talk of He3 up there, I think in the water or perhaps ice?) It would perhaps be better used as fuel. Deuterium is mildly toxic in concentration, and tritium is actually radioactive. Would the isotopes have the same ratio as earth? That question remains.
Yes you wouldn't want to just mine it. That would be a very short term solution if adopted and it might be regretted later. Bases might have limited water requirements though once they're established, provided that they recycle water properly.
My father played a significant role in designing the Lunar Prospector, awesome to see it show up in this video
That's awesome man
🧢🧢🧢
Glad I'm commenting on you TH-cam robot. Can you bring me a return sample robot. That's what we are controlling with the robots we are bringing to TH-cam controllers.
It is so awesome when our parents are an inspiration. My mom was a draftsman who was drawing portions of satellites in 1956- 1959. That was so secret that she and the other draftsman couldn't see the whole satellite plan.
@@ussarng4649 that's cool tho!
This is the most comprehensive update on the status of water exploration so far on moon.
It's great to know that it was India which confirmed for the first time the presence of water on the moon out of all lunar missions in the world.
Yeah that's kind of crazy, I guess it just goes to show, there's almost always overlooked science to be proven and discoveries to be made.
Yeah. And they said it was their first moon mission.
I loved seeing the evolution in attempts to the final conclusion. Well laid out.
@@Dr.Kay_R so the CCcp want to moon in 1956 is confirmed?
:] They definitely needed more recognition for such a feat!!
I'm a new subscriber. I find this channel to be thought provoking. some channels speculate on what the information may mean. I like that you stick to the pure science of what's going on and allow us to come to out own conclusions. this is slowly becoming one of my favorite channels
I really appreciate the lack of click bait. Similar channels claim that they need them to get views, but these guys are doing fine and have a happier fan base as opposed to a long list of people saying that they're unsubscribing in the comments section.
Pure science ? Are you trolling ?
@@abstractproductionz5734 calm down buddy twitters making you mean
There's a lot of theories that are taught as fact. The Oort cloud for example. That is my problem with a lot of videos.
The moon has been hollowed out! You can clearly see the glass structure over the mare.
5:52 The Atlas V first stage mentioned in the video, was NOT attached to the LCROSS vehicle as it approached the moon. The Atlas V first stage did not reach orbit. The Centaur 2nd stage was attached to the LCROSS and LRO. The video at 5:33 shows a Centaur upper stage, with only one engine bell for its RL-10 engine. The Atlas first stage had two engine bells for its RD-180 engine.
Calm down we understand that you're a nerd 🤭
almost at a million subs ! lets goooo my guy 👍
Thank you for the easy to understand metaphors and examples. Thanks for the translation in F when talking about degrees too. Subbed! This is all so well made!
I love all this kind of space research
Alex, you make SUCH great videos and are a FANTASTIC narrator. Props to you! Keep it going man! 🚀 🌙
Very cool, can't wait for the VIPER mission! Thank you, great job as always.
Always do so well! Love you and this work.
Love Astrum. Always great content.
One of the Most important things on moon is helium!!
@@robertwoodroffe123Wtf are you talking about?
@@snoutysnouterson there is more helium trapped on the surface of the moon , than there is left on earth 🌏
Thank you sir for sharing your extensive knowledge! So very welcome!
5:20
I liked how after showing two times that water existed on moon by Indian mission, 'Nasa needed more proof'.
Edit:- It was supposed to be a joke. Why are people so sensitive these days.
🇮🇳 🌚 🧐
And you're surprised? Everything in America is racist, and I do mean EVERYTHING
That's understandable, for how much water and what concentrations if NASA is going to plan on a base and fuel station, of which would all be depending on water ice, I think it would only be as sure as possible before spending millions, if not billions of tax payer money!
@@nightlightabcd
Yep yep. I thought that too. But the video didn't mentioned it. It just said they need more proof.
@@nightlightabcd People often forget we have to know how much salty is that water.
Always appreciate your videos. Thank you and best wishes. 🇨🇦❤️🙏
What is the music you used? I like it, relaxing and trippy. A bit like the mass effect soundtrack 👍
If you find it, please to share it. Was trying to find out myself too
reminds me of the vehicle building music in spore
One of the songs (during the Chandrayan 1 part of the video) was by Stellardrone. I strongly suggest giving them a chance. Stellardrone and Carbon Based Life forms as well
Wow! Alex is getting a lot regular now a days, I hope you are getting ample amount of rest.
As much as i like going to outerspace i cant help but see our own earth as a yet undiscovered place to spend money.
Great video a lot of good stuff.
After carefully thinking about resources your logical thing we can do is a space bridge and then do everything else
Awesome channel with awesome content and great quality 🌍💯
Saw the title a thumbnail and thought it was some clickbait nonsense, but when I saw it was Astrum, I couldn’t be more excited.
I love your channel so much!
I have watched all of your videos. Live everything about them. Thank you so very much! 🇨🇦🙏👍
Excellent video as always!
Alex, you are by far my favourite space guy.
Think about it. The last thing we want to see on a beautiful moonlit night, is high rise industrial parks, on the moon.
I usually put on your videos to fall asleep but recently they've just gotten too interesting. I can't fall asleep anymore because I'm too engaged in the videos.
This video shows how primitive Space technology still is.
Stop watching Star Trek
Space tech is the most advance form of tech we have, sci-fi day dreamer
If you think we are the peak of science you are a fool lmfao. We are primitive as fuck
Primitive ? lol. Only Future Humans that have advanced current space technology can say that. This is the current zeitgeist.
The music at the end is just . . . beautiful
I like the longer videos. I don’t like short videos bc I listen to you while I sleep and I don’t like having to switch To a new vid when I’m on the verge of passing out
Me too 🥶
My son and I have enjoyed your channel for years!
Might be better to go to Moon's north pole. It is close to the lunar KREEP, a mineral rich area and an area that has over two hundred pits to lava tubes. Might be one stop shopping on the lunar north pole if habitats are placed within the shielding affects of the lava tubes there.
love your vids!
If an object is large enough, it becomes a location.
TIL 'Ur Mom' is a location.
@@ran_out_of_tinfoil4287 well your'e not wrong. She died 2 years ago...
@@Commander_Raveth damn was that a yo mama joke
@@TheByrd no worries. She ain't going to haunt you anyways 👍
if a shelf is big enough, it doesnt matter if theres thousands,,they will attract objects.
Beautiful video💓💗
V.i.p.e.r. :- )
NASA definitely has an acronym department. Next to the Department of Redundancy Department, of course
😅🤣😂
Thanks, Alex! 🌙
Awesome as expected!
Really proud of Indian space agency ISRO. I am Indian but didn’t knew that they had great success in detecting water on the moon.. As always great video Alex.. keep it up 👍🏽
It was a huge news when the discovery was first made. That is what propelled ISRO to launch Chandrayaan 2, land on the south pole, and physically detect water. Although the landing failed, Chandrayaan 1 and 2 have provided very important data on the moon over the years. ISRO OP
@@souptikb7 Yes, I am aware of Chandrayan 2’s failure and we had Chandrayan 1 - But didn’t knew about detecting water.. Anyways.. thanks for clarification 👍🏽 Cheers.
@@nikhilpimpalkar423 That is a failure of our news media. They'll happily highlight the failure and run them over and over on TV. They'll show Sivan sir tearing up after the failure over and over because it generates more TRP. But they'll hardly show the successful missions. Same thing with Mangalyaan. I came to know more about the Mangalyaan mission from foreign press and the movie rather than our traditional media.
@@souptikb7 Completely agree with you. Our media focuses on dramatization of events rather than focusing on technical details of what was the mission? what was the objective of mission? and what was the outcome? What we have learned? Thanks Alex for helping us to get answers to these questions. 🙏🏼
What would really make space travel more affordable would be to abolish the monetary system.
Very informative 👍
Thank you Alex!
Fascinating!
Another thought provoking video, love to see it. Your video quality just keeps increasing, Alex. Thank you for the space content, doesn’t seem like too many people in my generation are as fascinated as me and your followers are.
Ever since I was 7 I could not get enough information on the cosmos haha, I'm 33 now and it's still the case.
@@SubvertTheState same!!!
Almost 1 million welldone Alex
Excellent production Alex, I appreciate the time & effort you put in to educate us!
I'm sure you and other followers will enjoy watching 'Moonfall' when it's released ! 25/04/22
10:36 That's one of the most amazing things i've ever heard!
Awesome Vid 👌
Awesome video
The fact that we've known of large quantities of water ice on the moon's surface for 15 years and we haven't sent a manned mission yet and it'll still be AT LEAST 3 years before we go makes me really mad haha
Its more efficient to send robots. It has to be really really worth it to send meat suits back to the moon.
I want to see a live stream that's being broadcast from the moon.
My mother insisted I stay up and watch the Apollo 11 landing and Armstrong's first steps...
Black and white... grainy and dark picture and with a bit of delay.. took them 6 hours after touchdown and I was getting bored😅
@@alfrede.newman6626 It was day time here and I watched it in glorious black and white (actually dark grey and light grey) in a coffee shop at my university.
Like yes that sun soaked spot on the moon has a less water ppm measurement but in context: the Moon was thought to not be able to hold on to ANY water molecules due to it's lack of atmosphere so it's really impressive to find and possibly use for fuel refueling if a moon base station is made. I've wrote about the thought of value in us investing in a ISS type station but on the moon, so we can practice a bunch of things we'd be doing on space missions, but mostly to give us a low gravity refueling site for our rockets. Since we use nearly all our fuel to escape earths gravity and atmosphere. So I view refueling on the moon pitstop as a very useful beneficial addition to the capabilities of our space missions that in the past were all limited to small amounts of propellant, which limited what and how we could conduct space missions. To then build infrastructure that can obtain resources for mining the fuel, storing it in tanks that are ready to fuel a rocket and add cargo or something would be nice. On top of setting up indoor green houses that grow plants using artificial lights hydroponics, and electrical power grids that use solar power for some things, maybe a mini form nuclear energy generator as another source. Could really have us tinkering around with a moon base space station and we can find clever ideas to solve how to do things in space. Like how the ISS space station has but just version 2.0 Moon version.
No. Leave the moon alone.
Tldr
@@deborahnorris4613 That's not going to happen. Too many are into cheese.
What if we built a giant crossbow and used that to launch the rocket 🏹 🚀
At least part of the way
@@dandywaysofliving Spinlaunch be like:
need you to make more frequent content k thanks.
It would be awesome if VIPER can roll up on one of the debris field caused by a SV impact.
Couldnt we try the spinning arm kinetic launch system on the moon? With its thin atmosphere and lighter gravity, and its ability to be powered by electricity seems to make it an ideal solution if building it is viable.
Yeah but where would you get the electricity
Good luck with 1 million!
4:52 man, that looks awesome
2:45 to say the moon has a center core, means there the ability to obtain elements, as the lava stream spew a flow of magma, prematurely settle from cold and micro air, WATER, which of hydrogens and oxygen may ommit from under at least in seperate of added mix element form.
Fun facts to note, outer astriods encounter, offer supplies of mass build up, mass will grant gravity, which will eventualy build up to grant a core, a core will grant chemistry chart resource of elements, thus the source to establish agricultural infastructure terraforming, even with near dead worlds/moons.
Really you have seen data showing lava floes on the moon. I would love to see that (legitimate) data.
@@bowah8952 even YT has links of examples ( which i didn't save), including research of changing appearance of spectation by telescope and planetary globe geo maping search engines. (e.g. Google Earth/NASA). If to assume, the moon has NO core, sure that will debunk it as a mere bolder orbiting earth. Fact is, outer astriods encounter, offer supplies of mass build up, eventually grant gravity, which will grant a core, a core will grant chemistry chart resource of elements, thus a source to establish agricultural infastructure terraforming, even with near dead worlds/moons. The secrets, are DEEP🤐🤫.
Excelente pesquisa da exploração lunar... a nossa vizinha Lua e tanto mistério por desvendar!! Então se houvesse água não teria de haver erosão lunar? A Lua será a ponte fulcral de informações inestimável para a compreensão de modo como os planetas se formaram ...uma fonte de enigmas que a água pode brotar! Vídeo fantástico sobre a tão importante e fundamental Lua...para a nossa existencia!!
United States 🇺🇸 sweaty and out of breath: DID SOMEBODY SAY SPACE OIL
This one frame at 9:24 is bothering me ^^' But other than that, great work again!
Is there any moonar lunar oil like real oil like gasoline or hybrid diesel converter catalator
I believe that there's life on the moon..really In every moon in our solar system..really.. what ever is there don't like what's in our south pole in Antarctica.... food for thought humble opinion. That's why they're hitting that area..thanks for sharing great stuff 👍
the moon was put there to calm earths weather & rotaition.. ''times before the moon''.. mars was nuked, same as sodom & gomorrah. pompii was purposly buried. we, were made as clones. by our creators..
At the 2:23 time mark, the video pans away from the deep shadows. I noticed a lunar feature that I don't understand what it is or how it might have been formed. At the bottom left corned on the surface along the dark / light edge. It looks like a channel / valley, running horizontally. It looks deep with ridges along the edges. Does anyone know what that's called? I'd like to check it out more. Thanks!
A nice observation ! Cannot find the name as yet, but its located on the far side near the crater Hale in the south polar region .. The darker crater at the top left is Tsiolkovskii . As it cuts through other older craters it might be a recent formation
from the ejected material of another crater or Hale itself .. Or ?
Wrinkles from when the moon was geologically active, billions of years ago
1:08 we did it bois a ksp clip in a astrum video!
Blinded me with science!
Honestly we need to just send men back to the moon and do things the old fashioned way. Send them a bunch of lunar modules and rovers that will do the hard and dangerous work, and have people in landers taking in samples and having it analyzed by programs and equipment. That way we avoid the whole "crashing" aspect of the missions. Why contaminate the moon with wreckage when we can just land and bring almost everything back once we finish our observations?
We need to dig in to the moon. I'm curious as to what's 100 meters deep
Clementine was not a NASA program. It was a joint effort between NRL, Naval Research Laboratory, and LLNL, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. NRL provided the satellite bus while LLNL provided the sensors. These included star trackers, infrared camera, LIDAR and multi spectral UV visible camera using a filter wheel. NASA had nothing to do with it.
While using the Moon as a waypoint for human exploration may not be feasible, using it for sending up FUEL DEPOS for larger spacecraft would be a fascinating concept
Not even close to everything I want to know about water on the moon, but great video just the same!
Great video👏
By the way, anyone know which is the music @ 5:00? Really trippy one
Stellardrone - Eternity (from 'Light Years' Album)
Don't forget to check out Stellardrone's complete repertoire,
best Space-Music ever 👍 and Alex uses their soundtracks a lot.
We use water for washing because of the abundance of water.
Might use pumice and chemical bath instead.... plus the lack of bacteria/water means smell shouldn't be a problem anyway. :D
USA when they discover oil somewhere: OIL!!! Gib!!!
Humanity when they discover water in another celestial body: WATER!!! Gib!!!
Since oil is created through biological processes, wouldn't it be significantly rarer on a galactic scale?
id dare to say that the many meters of dust insulating the crust from space most likely acts as a barrier preventing the deeper water crystals from sublimating away which would explain why the ice is more easily detected at the bottom of permanently shaded craters as the ice simply wouldn't sublimate away without suficient input of energy
Well done India and ISRO
Using water from the moon for fuel for other space missions is very interesting. What would help us laymen is to understand how much fuel is required to escape Earth gravity. A good example - a trip to Mars and back requires X% of the fuel consumed to escape gravity, y% to get to Mars and return and z& to land on Mars and come back to orbit. I think X is a large number but I am not sure.
well, it depends on how efficient your rocket is. rocket scientists measure how much ΔV ("delta V," shorthand for "change in velocity") a rocket can produce with a certain amount of fuel. and it's very easy online to find tables of how much ΔV from earth to mars, or from the moon to Mars, because for the most part that's a fixed number. and then you can look into certain rockets and how much fuel they use
Fuel would take up a whopping 95-98% of launch mass for a trip to Mare, this is why finding an extraterrestrial source of fuel is so important. Not having to carry fuel for upper and on-orbit stages would drastically reduce costs, make space more affordable and accessible, and increase what we are actually able to send up
@@arftejano2284 Thank you! I imagined the percentage of fuel required to escape gravity would be high. DId not realize how high.
@@fredukm2481 For an even more detail breakdown, to send 28.78 tons of people or supplies to Mars, using Hydrogen fuel, you would need 736.26 tons of fuel for the first stage (escaping the atmosphere), 219.66 tons for the second stage (maneuvers to have a rendezvous with Mars), and 63.22 tons for the Mars stage (that being maneuvering for getting into an orbit and landing). And that doesn’t include fuel for a return trip.
I’m actually the founder of a startup that is working on solving the “tyranny of the rocket equation” through the extraction of propellant from lunar sources, so this problem and solutions to it are right up my alley. When you realize how much weight fuel takes up for going to space, and remember more weight means you need MORE fuel, you begin to see why just building bigger or cheaper rockets isn’t a long term solution to advancing human space flight
Does anyone know the name of that music at 4:15? I know i've heard it before.
Stellardrone - Eternity (from 'Light Years' Album)
Don't forget to check out Stellardrone's complete repertoire,
best Space-Music 👍 ever and Alex uses their soundtracks a lot.
To be honest I’m glad that there’s almost no oil in Space, it means we’ll turn to better energy sources, I mean Helium-3 is common on the Moon and Fusion Power is on its way to becoming a viable energy source, Helium-3 acts as a low radiation form of the other candidate for fusion power: tritium.
it feels supremely archaic to just smash expensive objects into the moon's surface repeatedly to try and study it >.
I wonder how the tardigrades are doing on the moon?
I know! No post cards or anything from the little ingtates.
2:07 "frozen ice" is redundant. Ice is, by definition, frozen.
Ok, oil? On the moon…
Ahhhh. Ok.. nice play.
The presence of ammonia is also really good news for growing our own food there.
Interesting, but I thought from the title that was actually oil from space, maybe based on the "deep hot biosphere" theory by Gold.
I worked on chandrayan mission , thanx for mentioning our country.
I've been into astronomy and the space program since Apollo, but it's time we realize living on the moon and Mars is not going to happen. It's just too hard to keep people alive under these conditions!! It looks doable in movies but the realities are far far harder.
One unique trait of humanity is to defy what some say can’t be done and demonstrate to the critics it can be done with human ingenuity and persistence. Centuries ago space travel was a fanciful dream. I bet Elon Musk ignores the fearful and stays focused on how to achieve human space travel and colonization as a tangible goal.
@@tedlarson6216 right...been hearing that argument since we went to the moon 50 years ago and never returned...and next you're going to tell me it's because of money! It's interesting they are going to try and live in space, but when it only takes one thing to go wrong and you are dead...good luck with that.
It's a lot easier to do that on those surfaces than to live in a space craft in orbit, which we already do. It's totally doable it's a matter of time scale that throws everyone off. It's going to take thousands of years to actually start colonizing the solar system to anything beyond outposts.
@@tedlarson6216 Yeah he's definitely focused on telling his researchers to do all the hard lifting while he gets all the glory. The man is a visionary, not a genius or scientist.
This. Man touches so many men around the world about his mental health, men should be recognised especially throuw tough times so many are not (most times men are ashamed to live in there skin).
The best chance to find any reasonable amount of water that can be useful to future colonies, is to look deep underground. There must be pockets of liquid water, the same way they're on Earth! Otherwise it would be easier to just bring it from Earth, or better yet, Jupiter's moon Europa, even though it would be more expensive. In the long term tough, Jupiter's and Saturn's moons will play a key role in the exploration of the whole solar system.
Water is heavy. Way too expensive to carry water up to the moon. I think someone mentioned how it's $70,000 per pound of payload, which is like half a liter of water. So for your supposed daily value intake that's $280,000.
Thanks!
I love the moon. Luna is a real beauty.
Great episode. So glad to know NASA is sending a rover to the Moon.
Artimis drill showing drill running backwards, i hope they fix that before they attempt a drilling operation on the moon. what could go wrong.
With the moon having only a fraction of the water Earth has, wouldn’t it be cheaper to develop technology to convert sea water on Earth to rocket fuel and transport it to the moon?
The estimation is 'only a fraction', but that's still amazing amounts of water, really. Water isn't rare in space, we just haven't explored our solar system up close very much yet.
The gravity/atmosphere make lifting anything off of earth very inefficient and expensive, so if we could instead use the moon as a start point for future missions it would save considerably in multiple ways.
Yes we have lots of water here, but it's not efficient for us to take it as fuel into space. It'd be like driving a fully loaded semi truck with the gas pedal floored, verses driving a little hatchback.
We could lift off the earth with smaller, more efficient transport vehicles, and then have a fueling station for missions in orbit around the moon.
Exactly!!! Especially since there wouldn't be any market for moon water. Lol
No
@@rick7884 Have you no compassion for all those poor Moonians?
234,000 miles away ish is a perfect proving route for our future technology
I’m beginning to think NASA has an entire department dedicated to thinking up backronyms for their missions.
So did the moon ring like an emptry shell or not?
I have to wonder how much water and ammonia ices might be in caves and lava tubes. There might be a whole lot of permafrost up there.
What is the pressure of the lunar atmosphere, 1 milligram per sqare inch?
1. Find water on the Moon
2. Evaporate it by bombarding it with some spacecrafts.