im autistic and have issue with somme suden changes, since im adult i have far less issue with that and can control myself…that said the new hairstyle is a bit much for me to bear so allow le to ask? were any hair abused during the filming of this episode? :x
I feel like somebody thought about camels when they were coming up with what was going on with this group of animals. Camels have a heck of a lot of adaptations for moving between their habitats.
The mosaic hypothesis reminds me of one of the hypotheses that tries to reason why early human ancestors appear to have developed bipedalism while still retaining soecialities for brachiation for quite a while - easief more efficient, and faster to walk upright from small forested patch to small forested patch, even while remaining mostly a forest dwelling animal.
The problem isn't really bipedalism, it's exclusive bipedalism. Other primates can walk on two limbs, and it's even possible that occasional bipedalism is an ancestral trait. What's weird is how our ancestors shifted to a 100% bipedal posture (which made long range migrations possible). Unlike hooves (you have hooves or you don't have them), bipedalism locomation doesn't have to be exclusive. There are hypotheseis why it evolved that way, but none is fully satisfactory.
@Ezullof he said that humans appeared to have held onto brachiation as they became bipedal for a long time, though. Exclusive bipedalism doesn't seem to be the problem there, but the opposite.
@@Ezullof It was the developing fromnthe very poor, inefficient, and temporary bipedalism that early hominids were capable to a form.of bipedalism that was actually *useful* for more than a few dozen yards at a stretch that the hypothesis was developed to explain. Since evolution doesn't have an "arc of history" with an end goal in mind, it is necessary to explain *why* the transition to something that *could* become exclusive bipedalism developed from a state where it really wasn't feasible. And the transition fossils demonstrate a clear trend from "mostly brachiating animals that could knuckle walk or even bipedally walk a very limited distance" towards animals that could walk long distances, but still needed to retain the ability to brachiate, to "obligatory bipedalism" (for all intents and purposes). Evolution doesn't result in a complex alteration of the entire skeleton in a way that hampers earlier reproductive success without a pressure to do so. I.e., if the ape is doing fine as a species swinging from branches and never has to walk long distances, it will not spontaneously develop into something that can take long strolls... especially not when that adaptation *hampers* the previously nearly pure brachiating animal's reproductive success.
@@geodkyt Being able to walk long distances but still needing to brachiate implies a savanna animal that climbs into trees for protection at night. Baboons, while not being brachiators or capable of sustained bipedalism, live in that sort of circumstance. They spend almost all their time on the ground but climb into trees for shelter. Brachiation means climbing and swinging by suspension from the fore-limbs, like orangutans and some types of monkeys. Brachiation entails a vertical posture, so brachiating entails many physical adaptions for verticality. Brachiators could be said to have a head start at bipedalism. Chimpanzees and gorillas (at least to some extent) brachiate, and they walk bipedally for short distances. So, the paradigm we're looking at is a brachiator that moved from the forest onto savannas with enough trees for shelter. Perhaps this progression evolved in a region where there were forests that gradually became thinner and thinner over a long period of time. So now you have a brachiator that spends more and more time on the ground in a more and more open environment. Standing up vertically provides a means of increasing one's sight distance over grasses and shrubs, and this utilizes one' pre-adaptation for a vertical posture. One stands up and walks bipedally more and more often for a variety of reasons, one of which was probably to scan for predatory dangers. Bipedal exclusivity is just the end product of such an adaptive process. The famous australopithecine fossil Lucy apparently died from complications of a broken pelvis. It's likely that she fell from a tree. She was fully bipedal, but she still climbed trees.
@@Ezullof It is increasingly the view today that bipedalism is actually ancestral in hominids, and that humans are just the one lineage to have retained it as the primary means of locomotion. There are lots of lines of evidence for this. For example, gibbons only walk bipedally on the ground. They don't spend much time there, but they never walk on all fours. All the other hominids being facultative bipeds is also a point in favor of it. We also see that fossil species close to the chimp-human split, like Ardipithecus, already look very bipedal, more so than chimps (who are their descendants as much as we are). It seems that most larger apes went from bipedal to quadrupedal, while we went from bipedal to very bipedal.
I kinda guessed the "both forests and grassland" thing early into the video because I said "Deer have hooves too, but then they don't live exclusively in forests, they also go into grassy meadows too."
South America's native groups of herbivorous mammals are so fascinating giving how they convergently evolve similar traits to ungulates from different continents. it's a shame Toxodon and Macrauchenia are the only members that get any media attention even though they're pretty cool themselves.
Walking With Beasts and Prehistoric Park featured both said creatures, but those are the only two shows I know of that do, so very little attention is on them to say the least and I wish that would change.
@@b.a.erlebacher1139 Not sure exactly, but the world was changing a lot in the Late K, before you even factor in the meteor. The world was already becoming grassy by this point. There may even have been grassland fires set by the impact.
Love videos on Litopterns, Notogulates and other “Meridiungulata”. The convergence in their evolution to the different ungulates we know today, as well as their stark differences, is so fascinating to me. I feel the same about most of South America’s original megafauna.
1:19 I had a very old, very worn book on fossil collecting when I was young. It used Charles R. Knight's illustrations and it was how I got very interested in paleontology to the point that I had wanted to be a paleontologist when I grew up (sadly, it didn't come to pass, and I lost the book sometime in high school). I still recognize all of these illustrations to this day. Like seeing a long-lost friend.
The effects of isolation. South America was basically a gigantic island for millions of years. The formation of the isthmus of Panama dramatically changed that continent.
I never knew these animals existed until now! Or that they lived in South America. Incredible! I've got to find out more about them because my curiosity-o-meter just went off the scale. That happens a lot, since I was a little kid, and I'm a gray-haired grandma in my 60's! Thanks so much!
Another great episode that perfectly demonstrates how different branches of science can help each other figure things out. There's a lot more crossover than we usually think about (maybe because of how the different branches are taught in schools).
The presentators/narrators are most excellent . Content presentation is never lacking . In depth to the point no idle speech . Very through, I am never disappointed with any episode .
The comparison to whales having to swim between islands also made me think about the whalefall phenomenon, where whale carcasses become little oasis of nutrients for life at the bottom of the ocean, which is also kinda similar. And you guys did an episode on that too.
Interesting as always and I never tire of listing to you speak. I want to see the blooper-reel of this episode though. "Thoatherium" is a tongue-twister!
band names from paleontology- yup, got it thanx Blake. You rock. My zoology professor and band mate in 1993 at St Petersburg College Nat. Sciences named their band Dead Ischthyologists....both cool guys- Boston-one their instructors discovered the 1st marine bioluminescence chemical pathway
The Hippo ballerina is my favorite section of the film. And when the Hippo reclines on the couch and demurely pulls the negligible tutu over her endowed bottom only to have it immediately pop right up again. - I still laugh whenever I see those scenes.
Just popped into the comments to mention the hippo ballerinas (and centaurs) in "Fantasia". It's one of my favorite Disney movies, though "Night on Bald Mountain" gave me nightmares as a child.
@@karladenton5034 honestly not me! "Night on Bald Mountain" and "The Rite of Spring" are among my favorites (for me they are other films that gave me nightmares as a child, here are some examples from Disney films/and not: Who Framed Roger Rabbit from 1988 in more than one point including Judge Morton aka "red-eye cartoon" with his special patrol, the beast from Beauty and the Beast (1991) when he is in a "bad mood", Jafar when he turns into a mega cobra. We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story: between the "devolution" of Louie and Cecilia due to Professor Screweyes' "Brain Drain" pills (including Professor Screweyes' death: devoured by crows!), the "sporty evolution" of the "Monstars" and from "The NeverEnding Story" the ferocious Gmork). These are just a few examples to give you an idea of my childhood nightmares!
Ah, wine & cheese at the Gallery forests---this explains that huge hat thing with the lo-o-ong proboscis---a wine-sipping adaptation, of course! Also might be handy for playing bass in the garage band "Locomotive Economy Hypothesis!" But seriously, I enjoy these relatively brief, entertaining, & super interesting episodes of PBS Eons. Gives my brain time to wrap around the ideas & a "chuckle break" as I'm trying to process!
Thoatherium then appears to have been ecologically convergent with some African antelope species, like Steenbok, Sable Antelope, Impala and Blue Wildebeest. These savanna species have certain anatomical features useful in open grassland (e.g. long legs and narrow, pointed hooves), whereas their behavioural adaptations are more characteristic of living in denser woodland (diet usually not restricted to only grass; harems of migratory females defended by single territorial males, or monogamous pairs in the smaller species; in some species the females lack horns). Such species thrive in mosaic environments, which can shift either way depending on climatic regimes, thus allowing them to be more adaptable and widespread.
I am reminded of an oryx grazing in one ecosystem but resting in dune areas where it has a speed advantage over predators in those conditions. Forests are more dense at the edges where more light is available. A browser may be able to outrun ambush predators dashing out in the open with those hooves. And be more vulnerable while feeding.
"Running is a terrible adaptation for living in the woods." Deer LITERALLY exist. Running is their primary, secondary, and tertiary means of avoiding predators with fighting back being the absolute last resort, and almost all living deer species prefer dense forest or a mixture of forest and open grassland.
Yeah I was thinking "what about deer tho". It seems like they belong to the opposite family tho: the even toed ungulates, vs the odd toed horses. Not horses? 🤷
I'd disagree with this. Their primary method is definitely their incredible sense of smell. Their secondary is arguably more about darting through a small obstacle course than true running. And yes, they can run, but deer are also generalist animals adapted to living anywhere from dense forests to mountains to open grasslands.
If they were around 66 million years ago then they must have existed before the Chicxulub event. As a rule of thumb, most extinct _groups_ (at the family level or higher) are at least 10 million years older than their first appearance in the fossil record.
DEFINITELY heard 'udder shaped' 2-meter long marsupial. With the picture, I had MAJOR questions about the local animals. But otter-shaped makes more sense & is less worrying.
@@caracaracoral9847 Actually, in New Mexican English, it is a loanword for specifically this type of forest. Thats why everyone calls the forest near the Rio Grande "the Bosque" (even on the local news).
@@Jul-66 i would go as far as to say that’s a regional dialect because it differs greatly from standard latin American spanish and according to you only a new mexican would understand it as a gallery forest
@@caracaracoral9847 That is correct; Both New Mexican English and New Mexican Spanish are regional dialects not spoken elsewhere. The closest English dialect to NM English is probably SoCal English, but still very different (how many Californians know what "ombers" means or say "or yeah?" at the end of every sentence?) The closest Spanish dialect to NM Spanish is Castilian Spanish spoken in Spain, and is _very_ different from the Spanish spoken in Mexico. It has many, _many_ loanwords from the various Puebloan languages of the local tribes, and almost none derived from the Mexican Aztec languages. It should be noted that in NM *English* only, bosque means a gallery forest surrounded by dryland instead of grassland. In NM _Spanish,_ however, _bosque_ does mean "woods" or "forest" in general.
When Blake says (9:32 ff.), “The lesson of Thoatherium is that animals may have evolved similar traits for very different reasons, or the same ones under different circumstances,” it sounds like he’s present converse, but rhetorically related, descriptions of causality. But if you think about it for just a couple seconds, it’s obvious that “evolved similar traits for very different reasons,” and, “evolved the same traits under different circumstances,” are really just two ways of saying the same thing. Those two clauses do not add value to one another; the writers should have edited out one of them.
[05:05] Same region, similar idea: I need t-shirts for Caturrita Formation, Santa Maria Supersequence and how about I.A.Z.: Ictidosauria Assemblage Zone
I find your videos so interesting! Can you integrate deer, moose and reindeer into this evolution? I know the video was about north and south america. I live in Norway and I'm very curious about how the hooves and anatomical build of those animals are so similar to horses and the prehistoric spiecies you mentioned in this video!
Convergent evolution definitely is fascinating species basically copy another species design in order to fill an ecological niche in an environment but still be able to be its own species within a completely different family group of Animals. It's no different than the difference between canines and the thylacine of Australia neither of these species are related but both have the same Purpose with their ecological evolutionary design. It's so fascinating to learn so much.😊
Find out more about our scientifically accurate, fully articulated mammoth figures here!
complexly.info/PrehistoricElephants13
😮😊
So ,did the Thoatherium got toasted or did he escape?
@@thejeffinvade Choose your own adventure
im autistic and have issue with somme suden changes, since im adult i have far less issue with that and can control myself…that said the new hairstyle is a bit much for me to bear so allow le to ask? were any hair abused during the filming of this episode? :x
I feel like somebody thought about camels when they were coming up with what was going on with this group of animals. Camels have a heck of a lot of adaptations for moving between their habitats.
I had never thought about how much trouble a horse would have trying to run in a forest 😂
As hard as Biden walking up a flight of stairs
@@rkitchen1967or about as effective as a UK tory prime minister in the last 5 years
😮
Oh deer.
Game Trails
finally, someone else that's seen locomotor economy hypothesis live. pit was wild
It’s a shame they sold out.
My father used to be a big fan back in the days, i think we still have their earlier albums on vynil in a box somewhere
From the intro, I really thought the hypothesis was going to be that they evolved them as weapons to kick the crap out of predators.
I totally thought a tree fall or landslide was going to wipe out both animals.
I thought it was gonna turn out that it fights back lol
or be a carnivore deer-thing itself 😆
The mosaic hypothesis reminds me of one of the hypotheses that tries to reason why early human ancestors appear to have developed bipedalism while still retaining soecialities for brachiation for quite a while - easief more efficient, and faster to walk upright from small forested patch to small forested patch, even while remaining mostly a forest dwelling animal.
The problem isn't really bipedalism, it's exclusive bipedalism. Other primates can walk on two limbs, and it's even possible that occasional bipedalism is an ancestral trait. What's weird is how our ancestors shifted to a 100% bipedal posture (which made long range migrations possible).
Unlike hooves (you have hooves or you don't have them), bipedalism locomation doesn't have to be exclusive.
There are hypotheseis why it evolved that way, but none is fully satisfactory.
@Ezullof he said that humans appeared to have held onto brachiation as they became bipedal for a long time, though. Exclusive bipedalism doesn't seem to be the problem there, but the opposite.
@@Ezullof It was the developing fromnthe very poor, inefficient, and temporary bipedalism that early hominids were capable to a form.of bipedalism that was actually *useful* for more than a few dozen yards at a stretch that the hypothesis was developed to explain.
Since evolution doesn't have an "arc of history" with an end goal in mind, it is necessary to explain *why* the transition to something that *could* become exclusive bipedalism developed from a state where it really wasn't feasible. And the transition fossils demonstrate a clear trend from "mostly brachiating animals that could knuckle walk or even bipedally walk a very limited distance" towards animals that could walk long distances, but still needed to retain the ability to brachiate, to "obligatory bipedalism" (for all intents and purposes).
Evolution doesn't result in a complex alteration of the entire skeleton in a way that hampers earlier reproductive success without a pressure to do so. I.e., if the ape is doing fine as a species swinging from branches and never has to walk long distances, it will not spontaneously develop into something that can take long strolls... especially not when that adaptation *hampers* the previously nearly pure brachiating animal's reproductive success.
@@geodkyt Being able to walk long distances but still needing to brachiate implies a savanna animal that climbs into trees for protection at night. Baboons, while not being brachiators or capable of sustained bipedalism, live in that sort of circumstance. They spend almost all their time on the ground but climb into trees for shelter.
Brachiation means climbing and swinging by suspension from the fore-limbs, like orangutans and some types of monkeys. Brachiation entails a vertical posture, so brachiating entails many physical adaptions for verticality. Brachiators could be said to have a head start at bipedalism. Chimpanzees and gorillas (at least to some extent) brachiate, and they walk bipedally for short distances.
So, the paradigm we're looking at is a brachiator that moved from the forest onto savannas with enough trees for shelter. Perhaps this progression evolved in a region where there were forests that gradually became thinner and thinner over a long period of time. So now you have a brachiator that spends more and more time on the ground in a more and more open environment. Standing up vertically provides a means of increasing one's sight distance over grasses and shrubs, and this utilizes one' pre-adaptation for a vertical posture. One stands up and walks bipedally more and more often for a variety of reasons, one of which was probably to scan for predatory dangers. Bipedal exclusivity is just the end product of such an adaptive process.
The famous australopithecine fossil Lucy apparently died from complications of a broken pelvis. It's likely that she fell from a tree. She was fully bipedal, but she still climbed trees.
@@Ezullof It is increasingly the view today that bipedalism is actually ancestral in hominids, and that humans are just the one lineage to have retained it as the primary means of locomotion. There are lots of lines of evidence for this. For example, gibbons only walk bipedally on the ground. They don't spend much time there, but they never walk on all fours. All the other hominids being facultative bipeds is also a point in favor of it. We also see that fossil species close to the chimp-human split, like Ardipithecus, already look very bipedal, more so than chimps (who are their descendants as much as we are). It seems that most larger apes went from bipedal to quadrupedal, while we went from bipedal to very bipedal.
I kinda guessed the "both forests and grassland" thing early into the video because I said "Deer have hooves too, but then they don't live exclusively in forests, they also go into grassy meadows too."
And you have moose in swamps n' stuff
Different kinds of hooves
@@osu3167?? He mentions South America had significant grasslands since 56 million years ago
They spend quite a bit of time in my yard, eating my Hostas and trying to get into my garden.
South America's native groups of herbivorous mammals are so fascinating giving how they convergently evolve similar traits to ungulates from different continents. it's a shame Toxodon and Macrauchenia are the only members that get any media attention even though they're pretty cool themselves.
THEY'RE boss, not their 😶
Indeed, I would love to taste some delicious domesticated glyptodont right now. We really missed out.
Walking With Beasts and Prehistoric Park featured both said creatures, but those are the only two shows I know of that do, so very little attention is on them to say the least and I wish that would change.
@@invisiblejaguar1 definitely.
I miss giant sloths 😭
I love how the answer to most scientific conundrums is 'a bit of both'
Can we have an episode on the evolution of grass please?
Second.
Something I never thought I wanted yess plzz🎉🎉🎉🎉
Yesssss
Me, too. From what I've read, grass was around a very long time before there were grasslands. What changed?
@@b.a.erlebacher1139 Not sure exactly, but the world was changing a lot in the Late K, before you even factor in the meteor. The world was already becoming grassy by this point. There may even have been grassland fires set by the impact.
My wife wants to know about manatee evolution and I would love to see that video as well!
OMG YES MANATEES
Fascinating, I never heard of this creature before.
Love videos on Litopterns, Notogulates and other “Meridiungulata”. The convergence in their evolution to the different ungulates we know today, as well as their stark differences, is so fascinating to me. I feel the same about most of South America’s original megafauna.
As an Argentinian living in Buenos Aires im glad this channel cover more of our country fossils!
Some fossils sadly are part of our goverment. Ah...
1:19 I had a very old, very worn book on fossil collecting when I was young. It used Charles R. Knight's illustrations and it was how I got very interested in paleontology to the point that I had wanted to be a paleontologist when I grew up (sadly, it didn't come to pass, and I lost the book sometime in high school). I still recognize all of these illustrations to this day. Like seeing a long-lost friend.
South America really used to have the strangest mammals.
It STILL has some of the strangest animals! (Sloths, anteaters, and opossums to name a few examples.)
I love latino animals
The traits in Patagonia would be similar to the taiga. Hoofed animals abound. Maybe those people need to look around more.
{Australia enters the chat}
The effects of isolation. South America was basically a gigantic island for millions of years. The formation of the isthmus of Panama dramatically changed that continent.
I never knew these animals existed until now! Or that they lived in South America. Incredible! I've got to find out more about them because my curiosity-o-meter just went off the scale. That happens a lot, since I was a little kid, and I'm a gray-haired grandma in my 60's! Thanks so much!
The Cerrado Biome in Brazil is a great example of a hybrid environment
Another great episode that perfectly demonstrates how different branches of science can help each other figure things out. There's a lot more crossover than we usually think about (maybe because of how the different branches are taught in schools).
The presentators/narrators are most excellent . Content presentation is never lacking . In depth to the point no idle speech . Very through, I am never disappointed with any episode .
>most excellent
>no idle speech
Oh, toy design is such a cool direction for PBS eons, I'm all about this!!
There is something about that phylogenetically true first hoofed mammals the size of rodents lived at the same time as Tyrannosaurus rex.
The comparison to whales having to swim between islands also made me think about the whalefall phenomenon, where whale carcasses become little oasis of nutrients for life at the bottom of the ocean, which is also kinda similar. And you guys did an episode on that too.
Anyone else watch PBS eons as part of their night time routine? 😂
Right here! 👋
Part of my every moment of the day routine 😂
I find it reassuring to remind myself that even if we keep screwing up the planet, life will uh find a way ｡◕‿◕｡
Every night before I go to sleep
Opposite of no…..
Interesting as always and I never tire of listing to you speak. I want to see the blooper-reel of this episode though. "Thoatherium" is a tongue-twister!
band names from paleontology- yup, got it thanx Blake. You rock.
My zoology professor and band mate in 1993 at St Petersburg College Nat. Sciences named their band Dead Ischthyologists....both cool guys- Boston-one their instructors discovered the 1st marine bioluminescence chemical pathway
PBS Eons!! Yes! Thank you for the new episode.
4:58 refers to the "Dance of the Hours" from 1940's Fantasia (to be precise, they were hippos in the midday)
The Hippo ballerina is my favorite section of the film. And when the Hippo reclines on the couch and demurely pulls the negligible tutu over her endowed bottom only to have it immediately pop right up again. - I still laugh whenever I see those scenes.
Just popped into the comments to mention the hippo ballerinas (and centaurs) in "Fantasia". It's one of my favorite Disney movies, though "Night on Bald Mountain" gave me nightmares as a child.
@@karladenton5034 honestly not me! "Night on Bald Mountain" and "The Rite of Spring" are among my favorites (for me they are other films that gave me nightmares as a child, here are some examples from Disney films/and not: Who Framed Roger Rabbit from 1988 in more than one point including Judge Morton aka "red-eye cartoon" with his special patrol, the beast from Beauty and the Beast (1991) when he is in a "bad mood", Jafar when he turns into a mega cobra. We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story: between the "devolution" of Louie and Cecilia due to Professor Screweyes' "Brain Drain" pills (including Professor Screweyes' death: devoured by crows!), the "sporty evolution" of the "Monstars" and from "The NeverEnding Story" the ferocious Gmork). These are just a few examples to give you an idea of my childhood nightmares!
9:17 I demand an explanation for those teeth
Ah, wine & cheese at the Gallery forests---this explains that huge hat thing with the lo-o-ong proboscis---a wine-sipping adaptation, of course! Also might be handy for playing bass in the garage band "Locomotive Economy Hypothesis!" But seriously, I enjoy these relatively brief, entertaining, & super interesting episodes of PBS Eons. Gives my brain time to wrap around the ideas & a "chuckle break" as I'm trying to process!
I've never heard of this taxa before! Thank you for educating me!
I saw Locomotor Economy Hypothesis in Sheffield in ‘91!
I saw em in a crappy bar in Henderson last year! They played 4 songs and spat on a waiter.
L.E.H. blew the roof off when I saw them back in '87 at CBGB's
Didn't they used to open for Neutral Milk Hotel?
I think they opened for Shriekback in Tacoma in '91, which makes sense if you think about it.
I was there when they opened for Gwar Pasadena '91 and they had better costumes
Ah my fav channel ever. I’d cook the whole team dinner for providing my fav content on TH-cam ❤
Thoatherium then appears to have been ecologically convergent with some African antelope species, like Steenbok, Sable Antelope, Impala and Blue Wildebeest. These savanna species have certain anatomical features useful in open grassland (e.g. long legs and narrow, pointed hooves), whereas their behavioural adaptations are more characteristic of living in denser woodland (diet usually not restricted to only grass; harems of migratory females defended by single territorial males, or monogamous pairs in the smaller species; in some species the females lack horns). Such species thrive in mosaic environments, which can shift either way depending on climatic regimes, thus allowing them to be more adaptable and widespread.
@@dewaldduplessis315 Steenbok is an excellent comp, actually. You can find them throughout bushveld in acacia forests straddling savanna
I am reminded of an oryx grazing in one ecosystem but resting in dune areas where it has a speed advantage over predators in those conditions. Forests are more dense at the edges where more light is available. A browser may be able to outrun ambush predators dashing out in the open with those hooves. And be more vulnerable while feeding.
oh a new video, lovely
I appreciate the humor as much as the science, thanks for your excellence in presenting both. 🙃
9:33 Really cool message about keeping an open mind and managing flexible expectations :)
Really complex setting, but your solution does make sense. 🙂
I still think the best deep-time name for a rock band would be "Late Heavy Bombardment".
Especially if they had a double-drumming team of Keith Moon and Ginger Baker.
I've followed your channel for a while now and will admit that I don't watch every single video. This video has been really fascinating.
Thanks!
How did this video get made without any mention of deer. It's an ideal example of convergent evolution, much closer than horses?
Yup, lots of great band names in paleontology. I love this series. Thanks for sharing!
Or a color pattern in horses, The Strolling Roans. Get your copy today! (just kidding!)
Sort of how Human Evolution was shaped by similar mosaic forest environments.
You missed an opportunity to traumatize everyone with a brief shot of Artax sinking in the swamp at 4:11.
So glad we didn't have to wait 2 months for a new episode this time! Thanks, great video!
That mammoth is awesome i will get one when they are available. Please make more like that but different animals too.
Bien expliqué.
I love this trend of including more of the hosts' silly little jokes and asides in episodes
Great video. Petition for an actual band named 'Locomotor Economy Hypothesis'. Also, please make a video the evolution of different types of eyes.
The Forest-savanna mosaic is such a cool habitat.
I love these guys! Have you ever done an episode about chalicotheres?
yippee!! new eons video!! 🎉😄
Time to see the Eoncologist.
"Running is a terrible adaptation for living in the woods."
Deer LITERALLY exist. Running is their primary, secondary, and tertiary means of avoiding predators with fighting back being the absolute last resort, and almost all living deer species prefer dense forest or a mixture of forest and open grassland.
Yeah I was thinking "what about deer tho". It seems like they belong to the opposite family tho: the even toed ungulates, vs the odd toed horses. Not horses? 🤷
@@StonedtotheBones13 doesn't mean that they can't evolve to fill a more deer-like niche.
Yeah. Deer jump more than they run. Pronghorn, meanwhile can't even cross over a fence. I guess a deer like jumping liptotothern could exit too
"Lol just evolve"
- humans, to stumbling hoof-havers
I'd disagree with this.
Their primary method is definitely their incredible sense of smell.
Their secondary is arguably more about darting through a small obstacle course than true running.
And yes, they can run, but deer are also generalist animals adapted to living anywhere from dense forests to mountains to open grasslands.
Love the vid (and your band names)! Thanks to the whole team... you rock!
1:49 there were hooved mammals 66 million years ago?? Would this be immediately after the K2-extinction then?
If they were around 66 million years ago then they must have existed before the Chicxulub event. As a rule of thumb, most extinct _groups_ (at the family level or higher) are at least 10 million years older than their first appearance in the fossil record.
These critters remind me of deer just as much as they remind me of horses, make of that what you will.
Love your content. Make's learning fun.
i love this types of videos, i would love to see a video aboth when south america was an autralia 2'0
I love this channel so much. ❤
Their bones are found where forests were. Maybe they didn't live in the forest. But just died there a lot. Cause they were bad at navigating them.
thank you for the great subtitles
Love your channel ❤
1:14 Mammoths and bitter melon in the same picture? I love bitter melon...
Excellent insight and presentation!
7:53 That is an interesting river. And very clearly shows how rivers move over time.
This is a wonderfully informative video.
Gallery Forest toured in my town last week 🤟
DEFINITELY heard 'udder shaped' 2-meter long marsupial.
With the picture, I had MAJOR questions about the local animals.
But otter-shaped makes more sense & is less worrying.
I wish eons post more frequently ❤
Yay! An episode on animals!
A horse that can run and navigate a forest like a parkour runner would be cool
They call them 'deer'.
Great video!
😂 Love the first Fridays reference!
0:10 Didn't the prey smell the stench? 😂
Prey
@@Limited_Lightyeah
It depends on where the wind is headed.@@MrJetback
First time ive been early to a eons video 😂
I need a longer format morenin depth video of this please
Fascinating. Tell me more about the otter-shaped marsupial predator that looks like a giant ferret tho.
I find it interesting to compare artiodactyls with perissodactyls - the parallel evolution is fascinating
There are plenty of Artiodactyls thriving in forests. Seems more like a Perissodactyl skill issue or niche issue than anything.
Awesome
Walking with Prehistoric Beast introduced me to them...
Very interesting. Thank you.
great episode
Hey PBS eons , another evolutionary and sweeet 👍 vid how is your week?
Excellent video 😊
Yay! More Eons!
No "Locomotor Economy Hypothesis" was the song and Album, but you're otherwise correct.
A gallery-like riparian forest that is surrounded by desert or dry steppe instead of grassland is called a _bosque_ (bows-kay).
that’s just the spanish word for forest, it doesn’t have a specific connotation other than forest or woodland
@@caracaracoral9847 Actually, in New Mexican English, it is a loanword for specifically this type of forest. Thats why everyone calls the forest near the Rio Grande "the Bosque" (even on the local news).
@@Jul-66 i would go as far as to say that’s a regional dialect because it differs greatly from standard latin American spanish and according to you only a new mexican would understand it as a gallery forest
@@caracaracoral9847 That is correct; Both New Mexican English and New Mexican Spanish are regional dialects not spoken elsewhere. The closest English dialect to NM English is probably SoCal English, but still very different (how many Californians know what "ombers" means or say "or yeah?" at the end of every sentence?)
The closest Spanish dialect to NM Spanish is Castilian Spanish spoken in Spain, and is _very_ different from the Spanish spoken in Mexico. It has many, _many_ loanwords from the various Puebloan languages of the local tribes, and almost none derived from the Mexican Aztec languages.
It should be noted that in NM *English* only, bosque means a gallery forest surrounded by dryland instead of grassland. In NM _Spanish,_ however, _bosque_ does mean "woods" or "forest" in general.
The worst part is now I totally CANNOT use "Locomotor Economy Hypothesis" as a band name
I don't often give a video a thumbs up, but this one stood out. The lesson hidden in the video is a great one!
When Blake says (9:32 ff.), “The lesson of Thoatherium is that animals may have evolved similar traits for very different reasons, or the same ones under different circumstances,” it sounds like he’s present converse, but rhetorically related, descriptions of causality. But if you think about it for just a couple seconds, it’s obvious that “evolved similar traits for very different reasons,” and, “evolved the same traits under different circumstances,” are really just two ways of saying the same thing. Those two clauses do not add value to one another; the writers should have edited out one of them.
I now expect an episode about toads with again a „toad-ally“ pun!
[05:05] Same region, similar idea: I need t-shirts for Caturrita Formation, Santa Maria Supersequence and how about I.A.Z.: Ictidosauria Assemblage Zone
I find your videos so interesting!
Can you integrate deer, moose and reindeer into this evolution? I know the video was about north and south america. I live in Norway and I'm very curious about how the hooves and anatomical build of those animals are so similar to horses and the prehistoric spiecies you mentioned in this video!
Hadn't heard of them
I love eons
You guys should do an episode on stingrays
Convergent evolution definitely is fascinating species basically copy another species design in order to fill an ecological niche in an environment but still be able to be its own species within a completely different family group of Animals. It's no different than the difference between canines and the thylacine of Australia neither of these species are related but both have the same Purpose with their ecological evolutionary design. It's so fascinating to learn so much.😊
Interesting stuff.
YAY BLAKE. He’s got the best voice