The Crazy Amount of Power Needed to Move World Largest Container Ships
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 8 พ.ค. 2023
- Welcome back to the Fluctus Channel for details on the crazy engineering behind the massive engines powering modern container ships today.
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I am a naval architect with more than 45 years experience in the industry, including more than a decade spent in a research lab and also in the design department of a major shipyard. Good visuals and generally enjoyable video but you need to do some fact-checking and get you information right, I have a some corrections: wind turbine propulsion - the picture shown was of a sail-assisted propulsion system. A system that does work under many environmental conditions but is NOT a wind turbine - although they are in common use on maritime drones and pleasure craft to recharge batteries for electric propulsion systems. Second: HFO, heavy fuel oil, is NOT the same as diesel fuel, which in its variants is commonly referred to as MGO (Marine Gasoil) or MDO (Marine Diesel Oil). There are a lot of international restrictions on the use of HFO and it should not be confused with diesel fuel, which has a different set of restrictions and requirements. Third: the type of fuel has nothing to do with radiated noise. For airborne noise, the main engine, regardless of fuel type, is the primary source of air- and structure-borne noise. Underwater radiated noise is virtually always caused by the propeller. Period. Fourth: the first large LNG powered commercial ships anywhere were CONTAINER SHIPS built by NASSCO shipyard in the San Diego for TOTE, an American shipping company, not ships built years later for CMA CGM. While U.S. shipping companies and shipyards do not own or build the most ships in the world, they led the way and continue to move toward greener fuels. Fifth: the any diesel engine (and many gasoline engines) can run on LNG with some modifications. The engines you discuss here are modified diesel engines - the diesel cycle uses pressure to cause combustion of the fuel - and the primary modifications are to the fuel system. From a design standpoint, converting a diesel engine to operate on LNG de-rates the output power about 10% compared to the same engine running on diesel fuel. The engine cylinder pressures when using LNG are NOT an issue.
Excellent answer. Thank you. You get a lot of bad info on the computer. Poorly researched etc. Gotta be careful. So much so that l reaIly wonder about AI. l've been using it for awhile now. Some good info but many egregious mistakes, misinfo. So much so it makes me wonder about alI the terror surrounding its use. Tho, l've no doubt if/when it's finally squared away it could do real damage.
Not to mention the 2-Stokes in these large ships are dual fuel which is usually not mentioned and the engines get about 10% of their power from the DFO. The compression of the cylinder does not create enough heat for NG to ignite. DFO is injected on the upstroke as well to create the ignition source, which then ignites the NG.
NG requires 500degCelcius+ to ignite where DFO only around 200degC.
4-Stokes can come in dual fuel or full NG based which have added an electric spark source (like a spark plug) so they are technically no longer a compression engine as the fuel is ignited with a spark like a petroleum based car.
Well said.
Thank you very much for sharing your knowledge, I really appreciate it as many others must do too
I just remember what my old vehicle was like on LPG. Horrendous. How is it more efficient in a ship
You have no idea how much effort and experience is put into building such machines.
@@benlongfalconry8011how can I get a hold of him?
Shut up Farris.
If you are talking to me you are wrong ,i do know, because in this day and age one can find out.....😏 there are great documentarys
Yes!@@starletuniversal
Yes!@@naomiharry1635
They can haul massive amounts of cargo around the world and knock a bridge down in seconds flat.
I think it's too soon 😂
It's crazy how we take raw materials from the ground and turn it into this and that.
I’ve always found that fascinating too. And your point isn’t mentioned ever. I mean everything we have came from the ground.
I always thought that too. Whether it's a container ship, an aircraft, the space shuttle or all the digital electronics that we have. It all comes from the ground, re-arranged into something else.
@@andrewwilson6990even we as human beings are made from this earth. From a Christian Belief perspective. We are all connected with these architectural. Technology wonders
An how it all rots away eventually back into the ground
@@terminallydrunk1900 recycled back into the earth 😁
Every day I'm amazed at what man can build
Thats sexist to women and all the other genders 😂😂
Including killing each other for greed
the extreme scale of these ship builds is beyond amazing , to think what tiny little men can build is just insane crazy and yet we still treat each other like dirt
Agree!
We should be explode like the dinos. We are ants. Ants are smarter then us
And we can’t even built an exact replica of the Titanic
@@onepneuma8612 I hope nobody would want to do such a thing. Much if the Titantic metallurgy was inferior, the hull in particular.
@@onepneuma8612 we can, but what is the point? we got luxurious ships 10x larger than titanic now...
Can we take a moment to appreciate what it takes to machine the engine components.😮😮
You know it’s a big boat when, you have incredible drone shots of the engine room!
88😊
I was on a smaller coastal freighter and in the engine room, was 2 Emd 645 V16 engines, each turning a propeller, pretty neat stuff and the crew was telling me on how they have to blow the air out before actually starting them.
@@creeguyvernonmost marine engines are air start, they are too large to turn over with an electric starter motor
"Building these ships takes months." More like years.
Technically years do consist of months, so technically they aren't wrong😅😅. Have a good rest of you day.
Why is it that stuff transported on road is a shipment and stuff transported on a ship is cargo?
I'm a truck driver, & I ship cargo.
Wait...what?!?
“Next, pistons are installed…”(shows connecting rod) “pistons are connected to the crankshaft” (no, no they’re not. They’re connected to the connecting rods)
Honestly most people don’t know the difference between a crankshaft and a camshaft. Let alone connecting rods or push rods.
Your very proud of your basic understanding. Did you know a connecting rods connect the piston to the crankshaft? It's not that it was incorrect it's simply a case of your desire to find fault in others mixed with you not listening to what was actually said.
So inaccurate, thanks for pointing that out.
Glad I'm not the only one that noticed this
the pistons were already on the connecting rods, prolly why it was mentioned that way
Shout out to the dude who got to fly the tiny drone around the engine room 🤙
Ships powered by wind? What a time to be alive 🤯
@Matt A I think those don't make sense, they add weight, need to be very large to make a difference and have extra upkeep costs.
Every day I'm amazed at what man can build. Ships powered by wind? What a time to be alive .
Sail 2.0
Samsung's LNG transporter vessel for Shell is even larger, close to 500 meters long. Those little Koreans aren't just good at electronic devices, they're pretty damn good ship builders too!
The engines may be huge but in terms of fuel use they are tiny. A 50,000 ton bulk carrier burns around 0.4 tons of fuel per mile which may sound like a lot but when you look at it in terms of fuel per ton per mile it is only around 8 grams per mile per ton. So if a 1 ton car had this economy it could drive around 100 miles on one litre of fuel or around 450 mpg.
Incredible how replacing an large engine part requires cutting a large hole in the hull to get access to, pretty much engine gets sealed within the hull once installed.
@03:47 is the answer you are looking for... equivalent to a 545 hatchbacks ..one Hatchback has 180HP...so 98000/180 = 545 cars..this power can move 19000 containers upto 23knots
Ive worked in the Naval industry for 35 years, and never ceases to amazes me how Big some ships can be.
Specialy these Enormous Cruise ships...the human ingenuity is a real God's gift.
I would be more impressed to see the machine tools used in the creation of this engine.
Motores enormes!
As big as these ships are they’re tiny compared to the ocean
The Ocean is a vast existence actually these ships look like tiny floating needles right in the heart of the ocean.
Propulsion units and engines are not the same thing. Replacing external propulsion units whilst not in dry dock and running is NOT possible.
What is the difference between one & the other?
@@michmach7367 engines change fuel into useable energy, propulsion units use that energy to propel a vehicle. In other words engines are diesel, petrol, fuel oil, hydrogen etc powered and propulsion units are shaft propellers, azipods, bow thrusters, flow jets etc
@@jeffreylinehan1613 thanks dude
Some ships are built such that Azipods can be changed afloat.
This is carried out at stop alongside, normally in a shipyard
The largest combustion engines ever built can be found in container ships. However, the engines in the new ultra large container ships tend to be smaller in size and power but instead on one main engine, they have two main engines and two propellers.
All the main engines in large container ships and tankers are two-stroke engines. In ones has to be pedantic about the clip, it is not mere the turbochargers ability to compress the combustion air for the engine that increases the efficiency of the engine. It is also the fact that the turbocharger is driven by the exhaust gas.
The part in the video where pistons are mentioned, the shown is not a piston but a crosshead. Since this type engine is very tall (long piston stroke), a device is needed between the piston rod and the crankshaft to covert the rotating motion of the crankshaft to a vertical movement of the piston. This is the job of the crosshead. On top of the crosshead, the piston rod is mounted.
In principle all two stroke main engine may be considered low speed engines since they typically operates at a max rpm of 85 - 160 rpm depending on the size of the engine.
HFO and Diesel are not the same thing. HFO, which stands for Heavy Fuel Oil, is a residual fuel that has basically been discontinued since the introduction of the IMO 2020 regulations. Diesel is mainly a distillate type fuel and is today used it two different quality ranges in shipping where both have a very low Sulphur content compared to earlier.
The general speed of container ships have dropped a bit since the introduction of the ultra large container ships. Up to the last large container ships with only one massive main engine, a top speed at around 26-28 knots was not unusual. The ultra large container ships, mostly with two main engines typically has a speed between 19 - 24 knots. At all time, the sailing of maritime ships is all about fuel efficiency and optimization. You never ever sail at 100 load on the main engine unless absolutely necessary. The extra speed you achieve between 85% engine load and 100% engine load is typically pretty small while the extra consumption in fuel is very high.
What is surprising if the engines develop 50 - 60MW? Even if the efficiency is about 160g/kWh, it’s almost 10to of fuel - per hour. However, that’s less than 1l/h per container which makes it 2 - 3l/100km per container. On a truck it’s rather 10 - 15l/100km.
Clearly, the creators of this episode did NOT consult with someone as knowledgeable as you are about ship engines used in container ships. Frankly, they should correct the narration after consulting with you about the errors you mention and, presumably, the errors you spotted, but did not mention. Thank you for your detailed comments.
Power required is proportional to the speed cubed ...P=V³.
So going from 85% of Power to 100% will add about 5.5% more speed.
Design of all Marine Engines is very conservative. Experience and technology allows layer models to have power output increased over time. A known example is 51% in power output from essentially the same design- size etc over temperature years.
Are the "ultra large ships" you refer to the Panamax ships? Largest that will fit the canal. Or is ultra large even bigger than that? Thanks for sharing your knowledge.
Wow, a turbo 2-stroke?!?! Don't believe I've ever heard a 2-stroke run at 85 rpm's, crazy. Sounds like you really know yer shit - nicely done.
I just can´t believe that us humans are capable to build such sophisticated machine with thousands of individual parts thats fit with 100% accuracy and gigantic scale.
Sliced the hulls with a plasma torch! Scary.
Jesus i never thought that pistons would move up AND down
If you think that's crazy, take a good hard look into "radial engines." We're talking 360° of omnidirectional piston screaming fury!
@@fobbitoperator3620 yee that was more like sarcasm
Think one of these would fit in my Honda civic
did you say building a ship that can transport 20.000 containers can take months? ive seen potholes taking longer to fix in germany.
Maybe the materials are in transit lmao
Fixing potholes does not create revenue building ships does! Simple money math!
as a person that has a beach house right next to the port we see ginormous Titans entering the port each hour each second each millisecond, it’s insane to see these giants floating on a giant body of water! truly a masterpiece made by mankind.
It has a higher rev limit than Harley davidson
🤩🤩🤩
I think it would be cool to see a video about that Coast Guard cutter & it's "dual hulls" ! It could be part of a video on the whole cutter, since it's an ice breaker. 😊
It has a higher rev limit than Harley davidson
going to visit my sisters boyfriend on a triple E class mærsk tomorrow. can't wait to see just how massive it is in person. especially being used to a 27 foot sailboat
Buy j88 so k AR ektrc sail boat next uofeade
I'm amazed how these ships float without just rolling over as they always look top heavy.
There's a lot on the bottom and below the surface of the waterline.
Displacement is the word.
The Baltimore situation brought me here
Tankers are one of the reasons I want to see them up close
Incredible what an army of men can create. Makes me very proud
The sheer scale
Of those engines is amazing
So lets make it an even 100.000 hp🥵
MASSIVE Pieces Of Machinery. The Way They Stay Afloat Is Unbelieveable.
How big is your engine?
Person 1: V12
Person 2: 1000 HP
MSC Tessa: 4 Floors
The crazy amount of power is what makes the ship go fast and is not what is needed for it to move!
Would like to see a video about how those new, modern wind sails work.
I live nearby a maritime research facility (MARIN, in the Netherlands), and they are testing ever more sophisticated versions of these sails!
It's pretty complicated, but absolutely fascinating to see what one fixed 'sail' (or indeed several) can add to the fuel efficiency of these huge ships!
They're also further developing fuel cells / hydrogen propulsion.
Phenomenal stuff...
its so cool how they make these engines!
quality cooper, hot fiber glass insularors are crucial. under stress & in high temp, motors should keep working, without failuring.
That was a connecting rod being assembled to the crankshaft 🤣🤦
Not a piston
That drone shot through the engine bay is very cool.
Good show. When these monsters are empty it seems the props are half out of the water.
Nuclear marine engines can move these twice as fast
You know what would be more environmentally friendly? Brining the manufacturing back to the import countries so that there is 0 time on a container ship
Environmental restrictions are the exclusive burden of the developed world, have you noticed? Makes a fella wonder.
I’m guessing you’ll be at the front of the queue at the shops to buy these none imported goods at 4 times the price! Or perhaps you’ll be willing to work making these non imported goods for 90% less pay
@@joecandy6490 I always try to buy actual American made stuff, it's usually higher quality anyway
The first one even pirates cant mess with.
proud to be a seafarer at msc cargo
Mafia Shipping Company
Are you referring to Mediterranean Shipping Co. ?
Excellent footage and information (as always).
10:22 - No, the vessel is not able to perform revenue service during a power unit replacement.
The best way to improve shipping efficiency is to process materials and manufacture on the same land mass as the raw materials are extracted.
But we need wooden dowels from China at Home Depot’s in Georgia cuz you know there’s no pine trees in Georgia. 😎
Thanks for sharing great video. Now I, and I am sure others would love to see the machines used to machine the monster parts, like the crank shaft, or pistons if you know of any videos like this please advise. Tia
Sir - how big did you say the crankshaft had to be?
--
Yes.
Incredible levels of skills,teamwork and commitment to the work.
The „shipping“ via ship is the most efficient way to „ship“ containers. But: They do not have filters nor NOx reductions. This should be installed immediately.
Proud to be working with the World's biggest carrier.
The ship owners hire short crew in the engine room to make it look bigger.😅
wow such a large ship
98,000 horsepower? Got damn.
If that horsepower was in a car it would be flying😂😂
These ships are awesome in every way.
Whenever I see ships this big. All that floods my mind is, “How is that floating on water”. Even though I know exactly how it floats.
Excellent video - thank you.
not even a mention of how much a container ship consumes in tons of fuel
I work in the motercycle industry and work with bike engines daily. I saw the piston and gasped so loudly my family came into the room to check on me.
Buy eltric motor cycke
@@sharonbraselton3135 sori four they rong sapling
Very interesting video - thank you. I had no idea there were removable panels in the sides of the hull of these things. That’s a seal you’ll want to be confident about!
Such a seal is not really hard to accomplish. It has hardly any pressure to withstand besides waves pounding, which does not give much pressure either. A submarine however....
So much info, but proof read and check your info please! How would an engine be on the "underside" of the hull?
More likely a translation mistake.
c'est assez incroyable ce que l'homme peut créer.
The most common propulsion system is a large drive shaft that is attached to the engine crank shaft directly driving the propeller system.
Next is the diesel or LNG electric: The engine turns a huge generator that produces electricity to turn a electric motor that the propeller is attached to underneath the ship. This arrangement is know as Azipod® electric propulsion system.
Finally, there is a water jet propulsion system. A huge water pump forces water through a nozzle below the water line to both steer and propel the ship.
The Azipod is a diesel electric drive, but not all diesel electrics are Azipods, an example was the ice breaker the Healy. The unit replaced was the electric drive and gearbox but the Healy has a conventional shaft drive and not an azipod which would get destroyed by the ice.
Correction...the water jet is above the waterline
Hamilton discovered this requirement.
The basis is momentum, as in a rocket engine
The California Governor is going to require all ships that dock in his state to be all electric by 2024.
LOL
but the power will be off in the city if its hot or windy... get in line?
This means that commercial vessels can’t use the ship’s own power alongside berth but certainly NOT that all vessels calling on California ports must be propelled by electric power.
BUT(!) you will not be allowed to charge it during peak electrical demand hours…
Use nuclear
It is very interesting just how relevant this particular video is at this moment in time.
Super excellent heavy cargo ship production with heavy mechanical propeller # ❤,🇵🇰
These huge ships size always mesmerized me.
Impressed with the drone flight didn't hit any metal
I am watching your video in India 🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳
Im struck at the lack of advancement in the engine room.
If you saw the engineroom evolution over the last 80 years you would be awestruck. It is amazing.
80 years ago absolute basic monitoring of engine function. Today full automation.
Yes maintenance work is still manual, but hydraulic jacking nuts and not 28 lb hammers, or scissor wrenches.
In February 1931, the first container ship in the world was launched; the Autocarrier, owned by Southern Railway UK
I'm surprised where the hell do people find all the metal to build these huge ships. Even though countless ships were sunk in over a century.
Bulk Carriers: Were here
@@markdicon5719 huh?
In the ground, where do you think metals come from? The mining industry, and the recycling of used material both
@@johnprice867 yeah, but come on! Humanity's wasted MOUNTAINS of Metal for countless Centuries, and there's still left to go?!
@@kristelvidhi5038 I don't think you understand the commonality of the elements that you call Metal ie iron that we produce into steel say for ship hulls i am not sure what percentage if the earth is iron of some form or another but it is a lot not to mention that we live in a closed system for the most part it's not like the elements can just disappear evaporate or escape the planet they are here whether they are in a changed form or not..... Okay I just checked and roughly 32-35% of the planet is Iron (fe) it is the 2nd most common metal in the earths crust only behind Aluminum and Aluminum is the second most common element only behind Silicates so yes we still have plenty of Iron and most steel today is for a large part recycled steel it is the most recycled material today, google it or whatever search engine you prefere its pretty interesting and rather amazing tbh! Peace and happy learning I'm 60yo and love learning things about anything I didn't know and it can change your entire perspective on life. Keep asking questions about everything the only stupid question is the one you never ask... Science is all about the question and seeking the truth
I was luck enough to be in the merchant navy when steam was the power to drive these monsters. The QE2 was my first ship and she was a beast of power!!!
I loved that lady and will die with fond memories of her
How many gallons of fuel per day does one of these behemoths burn ?
What struck me was how (relatively) little has changed from the days of the Titanic. Pistons, crankshaft, propellors.
It’s all the same just with added bells and whistles to make it more efficient, faster and stronger.
really?
@@vitsadelhole yes, or I wouldn’t have said it!
@@Knappa22 kinda sad
@@vitsadelhole care to expand? Or are you just into sad sneering little jibes?
How can you test for reliability, as opposed to functionality and performance, during commissioning? It takes years of fault-free operation to demonstrate that. The engines are no more complex than a diesel locomotive, just much much larger.
There are a lot if things in this world, tgst are not tested for years. You run the engine for a month, take it apart, and measure wear and tear.
Reliability is built up over time.
The designers are very Conservative, so very, very few failures. That allows the experienced gained to improve design, power etc.
Naval Architecture and Ship Surveyor used to work to carry various inspection during construction and in service inspection
Imagine being able to use the wind to transport none perishables 🤦🏻♂️
I wonder if one built scoops on each side that ducted the water to the prop .
Could these vessels be nuclear powered?
HFO is not diesel, that would be GFO or Gas Fuel Oil. HFO is Heavy Fuel Oil. HFO resembles Bitumen and has to be heated (usually by High Pressure Steam) before it can be burned in the engine. And the Wind Assisted Propulsion is not a Turbine as mentioned.
I wouldn’t call these engines complex. They’re large, precise and reliable
Very true. In fact the engines themselves are actually quite simple in design, just built on a massive scale.
@@mostangjay Most of which are 2 Stroke. Less moving parts generally equals more reliability. Reliability is the most important thing when it comes to the engines of these ships. They have to dismantle the entire ship to change the engines :/.
beautiful ships
The modular design of container ships started with the WWII construction of the Liberty ships and has progressed exponentially since then.
It still uses an oil stick to check the oil level.
Ben benieuwd naar de uitstoot van deze schepen??
i think is a amazing human a do.. great job. 🤩
It's extremely large to us humans.. but in reality, it's just a tiny spec in comparison to other structures on our earth and universe.😊😅
Since when is a Coast Guard cutter considered a container ship?
2:06 Oh my God. It's hard to believe they only use liquid "form-a-gasket" to seal such a large engine. .....or do they install a real gasket over the form-a-seal?
liquid form a gasket is certified for aviation power plants, unlike any silicon product. Aircraft sealant is a very good and strong method of mating surfaces together.
Who else just appreciated the brain of human beings???like who thought of all of this??😢😅🤷♂️
Wind assisted power!!! Wow.... Like sailing?
One needs to see a Wartsila Flex-96c engine. Or better yet, open the crankcase doors and peer into the crankcase sump. Or better yet, remove a piston in the open sea. And too bad they didn’t show or talk about the hydraulic nut tensioning system in action. Amazing what the human mind can conjure up for good.
Amazing engineering. Simply astounding.
3:00 "The turbo-charger .... turns the engine." What does that mean?
She explained it all in depth ..."turbochargers help to increase the engines efficiency by compressing the air entering the engine....."
What do you mean, "what does that mean"? 😅🤔