Optic 2016: A Paradigm Shift in the World of Bird Photography

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 12 มิ.ย. 2016
  • Sigma Pro Roman Kurywczak has traveled the world capturing all types of bird images. Roman l covers why he chooses todays super zooms over traditional fixed lenses and how they have fundamentally changed the world of bird photography.
    Roman Kurywczak Photography
    roaminwithroman.com
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  • วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี

ความคิดเห็น • 245

  • @9451shan
    @9451shan 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I last saw this video maybe 3 years ago! Every time some beginner ask me about gear selection for wildlife photography, I simply send them this incredibly informative video.It never fails to enlighten anyone !!! Cheers Roman🥰🙏🙏🙏

  • @SuperLumberjock
    @SuperLumberjock 8 ปีที่แล้ว +20

    WAIT.......what? This is a B&H video. This is the first time I watched a B&H video that I didn't want to punch the photographer in the face during the first minute. Very refreshing indeed.

    • @RomanKurywczak
      @RomanKurywczak 8 ปีที่แล้ว +19

      Uh.....thanks LOL.

    • @joshuahorner2639
      @joshuahorner2639 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      I very much enjoyed the video. I would consider myself first a birdwatcher and second a photographer. I appreciated the information from a wholistic sense. Very practical tips. BTW, beautiful images of the Roseate Spoonbill.

    • @PantheraPhotoSafaris
      @PantheraPhotoSafaris 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      This is so true. Nice presentation done in a great style.

    • @iSOBigD
      @iSOBigD 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I got the Sigma 150-600mm C lens for $700 CAD instead of spending thousands on the S version or tens of thousands on a nice prime, and even just starting out the ability to find the bird in flight, get in close, track it as long as I want and take a nice stabilized picture was amazing. These lenses really help people who don't make money with bird pictures get into this field of photography which you couldn't really touch a few years ago, or not without a ton of money or manual focus lenses.

  • @maximme
    @maximme 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    first class presentation.
    professional.
    to the point and clear.
    no hesitation and no meandering
    Here is a guy who has something to say.
    VERY well done

  • @tarjei99
    @tarjei99 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Roman is good at entertaining while teaching valuable lessons.
    I'm watching it again for the entertainment.

  • @HappyGrl41
    @HappyGrl41 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great presentation! I finally understand how many of my bird flight photos are soft or have the wrong exposure. Great tips that I plan to try out on my next outing.

  • @wesb123
    @wesb123 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I started last January (2023). I have the Contemporary 150-600 with the 1.4 extension all on a 5D Mark III. When he said he rolls out of bed at 800 ISO that spoke directly to me. The only times I really go any lower is when shooting Egrets etc across water. 800 ISO at 2500 shutter is my go to, my main goal is birds of prey. Aperture won’t go below 9 with all the glass so I don’t have to ever think about that part other than looking at background distances and trying to find the best angle to create a bokeh.
    This is a great Ted talk for a beginner 🤩

  • @mlo4914
    @mlo4914 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I bought my contemporary because of him best purchase to date

  • @nhojre
    @nhojre 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This has to be the most educating video I have seen on the basic facts of capturing birds in flight.

  • @TheCelluloseKid
    @TheCelluloseKid 8 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    One of the most informative B&H videos I've ever enjoyed watching. Fast paced and very informative. I now have a great starting point to correct those mistakes I've been making all this time. Now if I just had that 150-2000 dream lens.

  • @leniehulse1621
    @leniehulse1621 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great video! Enjoyed it immensely!

  • @craigbreedlove18
    @craigbreedlove18 7 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Pure gold ! Thanks Roman, clear information, well delivered and very entertaining ! The examples of your work are fantastically impressive ! Much appreciated .

  • @fishin4bogey
    @fishin4bogey 7 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Exceptional video, Roman ! My "Ah-Ha Moment" was when you said "We aren't shooting film anymore" I often keep my ISO pretty low, because that is how I was taught way back in 1983 in high school photography class!

  • @praveenbalasubramanianplus
    @praveenbalasubramanianplus 7 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Great video. A much needed one for beginners like me.
    Esp. "Start at 300 zoom out keep acquiring focus". I am so thankful for this advice.

  • @TonyFlanagan69
    @TonyFlanagan69 8 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    Thank you Roman for a great talk. After a few thousand bird photographs with only a dozen or so 'tack sharp', well framed and posed that were worth keeping, I was becoming disheartened. But your talk has given me a new lease of 'bird' life. Thanks again.

    • @RomanKurywczak
      @RomanKurywczak 8 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      Those are the best words a teacher can hear.....so thank you!

    • @GitaMcc
      @GitaMcc 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      I agree.

  • @Call_Me_Mom
    @Call_Me_Mom 8 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Enjoyed the first one and this one as well. Thank you.

  • @mulberryks1965
    @mulberryks1965 8 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    Caught your talk in Florida a couple of years ago. Listened to you and the next day my bird photos started improving and that is no joke. You know your stuff. Thanks for sharing it. By the way I bought a Sigma 150-600mm Contemporary.

  • @happyaussie7402
    @happyaussie7402 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Roman thank you so much for your video. First time I have seen your work - such talent. You have me all inspired, and with a whole new bag of tricks.

  • @nzlenz1164
    @nzlenz1164 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks Roman. Probably the most interesting and informative photographer presentation I've seen on TH-cam!

  • @lanac2750
    @lanac2750 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Brilliant! So informative and the lecturer is very charismatic! Thank you for posting!

  • @dspindl1
    @dspindl1 7 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Thank you so much for this video. I was using manual mode plus auto ISO but your method was a real eye opener for me. (The hardest part is finding a white car). I was thrilled to see my egrets in flight looking so fantastic and it even works fine for brown pelicans. When the light got stronger I considered a siesta, but I just lowered my ISO to get back to my shutter speed and kept shooting. What I really love about this is that it doesn't matter what the bird flies in front of since he'll keep the same exposure. Great stuff. Thanks again!!!

  • @suecollins3246
    @suecollins3246 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    He tells the truth. I am a member of a Group called Bridge Birding. We only post photos taken with Bridge Cameras and I see some photos on the Group that rank up there with the best.

  • @old4004
    @old4004 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Excellent presentation (as was your first one). Really appreciated seeing all of your work.....it backs up the validity of your instructions and is enjoyable to view.

  • @ed98027
    @ed98027 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    wonderfully presented, clear, concise, and great personality. Thanks for sharing.

  • @7zinz
    @7zinz 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This video made my photos gone mad better, thank you so much!

  • @shaunnightingale4976
    @shaunnightingale4976 7 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Absolutely superb video with brilliant info which has helped me no end with my wildlife especially flight shots of which I am an addict ,outstanding thank you.

  • @pauljmeyer1
    @pauljmeyer1 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I' d been obsessing about noise but you've just demonstrated the huge flexibility of equipment when used correctly.

  • @bogdantimiras7305
    @bogdantimiras7305 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hi Roman! Excellent pedagogical film , good explanations and great pictures! Keeeeeeep on like THAT!

  • @drudhay
    @drudhay 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    your video is awesome Roman, enjoyed watching.

  • @n1k1george
    @n1k1george 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Really enjoyable and informative presentation. Eager to go out and apply the newly gained knowledge. Thank you.

  • @jazzdanne
    @jazzdanne 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    +Roman Kurywczak Thank you for a superb lecture! This is the best 41 minutes teaching photography on TH-cam I've seen. Much appreciated! I'm going manual! :)

  • @djpodesta
    @djpodesta 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    This was a fantastic talk.... I will have to watch it a few times for the info to stick in my head; as age has dulled my sponging capacity, but your teaching style is excellent.... I have been denouncing the lack of repetition in lecturing for years and it is great to see somebody step out and tell it how it is. I am glad that I took the time to view your video.

  • @methylmalonicacid
    @methylmalonicacid 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great presentation Roman , thanks for all the useful information.
    Appreciate the "nuts and bolts" information without going into too many technical details like Scott Kelby and equally entertaining. Cheers.

  • @puttrainguy
    @puttrainguy 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    One of the Best videos I've seen to date, Thank you...

  • @tomlamb3250
    @tomlamb3250 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great presentation. Thanks Roman.

  • @lim2001burger
    @lim2001burger 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great presentation and great speaker! Can't wait to try out the tips - cheers!

  • @KevinRusso
    @KevinRusso 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks, Really great talk. Wonderful inspiring images.

  • @ojosenelmonte
    @ojosenelmonte 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    very very nice presentation, thank you so much, the pictures are unbeliveable!

  • @photofonz
    @photofonz 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Love your videos and the education you provide. Thank you.

  • @gianromanigroup
    @gianromanigroup 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    great job Roman and very inspiring teaching

  • @jettysplash
    @jettysplash 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you Roman. This answers the ISO questions I've been having. I felt like something big was missing from my understanding of digital ISO and this video really helped! Yes, I had quite a Paradigm Shift break-away from film thinking and into digital photography knowledge from this video. One of the best and quite possible the very best video I've see so far. I'm going to watch this one again and take notes! Thanks man!

  • @zoe20641
    @zoe20641 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Amazing lecture. Amazing photos. I learned a great deal. Thanks

  • @DerekB931
    @DerekB931 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What a fascinating video presentation - thanks

  • @rickoleary
    @rickoleary 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Excellent content, tips, and great presentation. Thanks Roman!

    • @BandH
      @BandH  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad you enjoyed.

  • @brianandtarryn
    @brianandtarryn 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Awesome presentation, thank you.

  • @justusmakau1269
    @justusmakau1269 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Excellent explaination.

  • @thisisme1999
    @thisisme1999 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great video, I love your presentation more down to earth than some of the ones out there. It is making me rethink my shooting and to try something different.

  • @DieterLo1
    @DieterLo1 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great explainations! Thanks and greetings from Germany!

  • @yujinlandscapephotography.7787
    @yujinlandscapephotography.7787 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    First time, Roman. I learned a lot of from it. Thank you ever much!!

  • @donald.kelley7000
    @donald.kelley7000 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent Presentation... Thank You !!!!

  • @debbieharry-clarke2918
    @debbieharry-clarke2918 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Brilliant presentation

  • @andrewhayward2454
    @andrewhayward2454 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hugely informative and inspiring.

  • @WengLLim
    @WengLLim 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great insight and a great talk

  • @charlesatkinson8547
    @charlesatkinson8547 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great easy to follow guidelines with easy to follow and in simple language/understandable explanations!
    Supported with A1 RESULTS!

  • @Emilyhlizz123
    @Emilyhlizz123 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    I learnt more of you in one vid than all the others i've watched combined, thanks mate

  • @marktaylor9579
    @marktaylor9579 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great advice, Thanks Roman - that's my 60th brithday present sorted!

  • @TonyC0101
    @TonyC0101 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I love the way this guy teaches!

  • @Karlkn
    @Karlkn 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very, very intersting. Thanks!

  • @JanieP53
    @JanieP53 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wow! I just learned so much! Thank you!

  • @rrdrnd
    @rrdrnd 8 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    This is really a GREAT lecture! Very clear and interesting! Thank you very much for sharing.

  • @TexasPelican
    @TexasPelican 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Wow-this is a terrific video!

  • @doreenmccabe9698
    @doreenmccabe9698 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    wow... ran out and caught the light tonight! amazing what happened. ty for reminding me!

  • @ryangallagher784
    @ryangallagher784 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great talk, I really learned a lot. The tip about shooting manual and exposing for whites will be very helpful, I'm sure. I'm getting a 7D Mark II soon and am really looking forward to taking advantage the improved AF tracking and frame rate over the old more entry level body I've had for years.

  • @leosoumya1979
    @leosoumya1979 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    amazing knowledge share...each tips are working well for me. Thanks again.

  • @nevtube15
    @nevtube15 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks..really enjoyed this...always good to review

  • @peterb.7437
    @peterb.7437 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great video presentation. I bought a fast card after watching your video and thanks for all the tips I appreciate it.

  • @southpaw_reels
    @southpaw_reels 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Super informative video. Despite the fact that I'm pretty happy with my 150-500 and the images I'm getting, you now have me thinking about Manual Mode, "The Zone" and grabbing my exposure and watching the meter. I would have never considered manual mode for BIF because of the changing background but you summed it up in its most simplest form to where it makes perfect sense. I felt like I had an ah..ha..moment when I heard it. Thanks for such an entertaining and educational video. Fantastic work by the way!

  • @tominglis3465
    @tominglis3465 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great talk, good tips, thank you.

  • @klackon1
    @klackon1 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Excellent presentation, thank you. I tend to use an upper shutter speed of 1/2000th at f8 with ISO at auto, but I will try out the higher speeds. I do find that noise can be noticeable in a blue sky if the ISO is high, though.

  • @carlagouveia3311
    @carlagouveia3311 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very good lesson!! Thank you.

  • @Eddie303
    @Eddie303 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    lovely. Thanks for the tips.

  • @denniskeena5936
    @denniskeena5936 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you . for the best explaination of how to shoot manual .Im now going to try your technique.

  • @JohanJoosteMusiek
    @JohanJoosteMusiek 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks Roman, I have the Sigma C lens as well and very happy with it. I however am thinking to upgrade my old Nikon D7100 as it's a bit slow with focusing. I am still unsure if the new mirrorless cameras are the way to go, although I do think so.

    • @jeepjoseph9036
      @jeepjoseph9036 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      What about a d500 or a d4s that way you can keep using the f mount lenses?

  • @seantomlinson3320
    @seantomlinson3320 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This is great, what a neat video, thank you Roman. I appreciated your post on PL too. I still need to work on my metering knowledge.

  • @amandeepsingh5129
    @amandeepsingh5129 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very nice photographer

  • @peterjackson2632
    @peterjackson2632 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    What a great speaker. A+++

  • @jasond1500
    @jasond1500 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Awesome video. Been shooting shutter priority mode for birds with exposure compensation around +2/3 and there are times where I blow the whites out with dark backgrounds. I will try manual next time see how I do.

  • @DalsPhotography
    @DalsPhotography 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    A great class!!! I am a birding photographer too, and also use the Contemporary, though it got now a nasty humid spot which didn't go away at all with all the different stuff I tried, even dissamble the front piece of the lens, but no...Now going for the new Tamron lens, I hope it gives as many focus as the Sigma one... and yes, 7D Mark ii is my camera as well :)

  • @tintin69rr
    @tintin69rr 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Brilliant cheers 🍻

  • @hs7921
    @hs7921 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks. Put me down for No.1 blunder, going out at 10 am or 2 pm. A really good talk.

  • @entangled5342
    @entangled5342 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great talk. Concise, logical & well-presented. Definitely will take the high ISO/varying shutter during changing light to heart. Since you shoot continuous high, curious if you've looked at the Nikon D500 w/ XQD card for nearly limitless shooting in raw w/o filling the buffer.

    • @RomanKurywczak
      @RomanKurywczak 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thanks. I use a Canon 1DX but i'd imagine that combo you mention would essentially allow that.

  • @vaibhavgupta3618
    @vaibhavgupta3618 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Awesome Video... Love it.. You have opened my eyes for the Sigma 150 600 C, which is my go to lense. How would you explain the 'Shooting for the White' in a different way??? I need to hack that.

  • @ImAlecPonce
    @ImAlecPonce 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I learned a lot :) thanks

  • @evadevad6149
    @evadevad6149 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video

  • @joshsonsiadek8262
    @joshsonsiadek8262 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I swore that I spoke to you at Yellowstone September 2014. We were in a group photographing Wolves trying to take down a hamstrung bison

  • @patpathinayake3586
    @patpathinayake3586 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Dear Roman, Thank you so much for the information packed Video. I learned quite a lot from this. Oh yes the taboos handed down from the so called "professionals" simply vanished.
    As for the Gatling gun, brrrrr... brrrrrr..... I think I need a Canon 7d MK II, so have you covered it as well? Fabulous tips & hints...Best of luck

  • @seshadrir85
    @seshadrir85 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Roman, Great video... What shld be white balance setting for a foggy morning... I visited a bird sanctuary near my location and the morning was pretty foggy.. ended up with not so nice photos... Also, I have the habit of using ISO-100 (will change now on)

  • @therabin.0073
    @therabin.0073 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    wow, it got my mind.

  • @beat2009
    @beat2009 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This is very useful.

  • @billvandermolen5907
    @billvandermolen5907 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Much of this advise I have heard and done, but manual metering is something I want to try. I can relate to throwing out images where white feathers were blown out due to over-exposure. It happens so easily when a flying bird you are tracking moves in front of a dark background, particularly when focusing has been moved to the back button separate from the exposure reading of the shutter button.
    However, the "no one asks for a slower shutter speed"...well...yes, new digital cameras do handle high ISO grain better than film, but peoples taste have moved along with that and can be more critical of grain than before. Could be that using Roman's style of manual metering which can result in darker backgrounds does help mask some of the grain.

  • @boriskapitoulski3609
    @boriskapitoulski3609 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hi Roman, it is amazing how you manage to do nice pictures with a slow lensJust a question to you if it possible - do you think there is a place for the lens f2 200mm in bird photography?

    • @RomanKurywczak
      @RomanKurywczak 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      how close can you get to the bird? Fast is awesome but no substitute in most cases for focal length. in my dream world i want a lightweight f/2.8 600mm that weighs 3 lbs!

  • @manoharkamath8847
    @manoharkamath8847 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hello...Super Video...Probably 1st of the video which was mainly focused on what to be done. I have one question regarding use of manual mode. This is regarding metering. Based on your explanation shall I assume you are using evaluate metering? If not let know which metering option you use.

  • @michaeltrimming215
    @michaeltrimming215 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Roman your Paradigm Shift key points really meaningful. Thank you.
    Roman please give us a Photo Edit Post Processing Photoshop CC article /video.
    After your Paradigm Shift article Camera / Lens is now only a part of the final process. Michael

    • @RomanKurywczak
      @RomanKurywczak 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hi Michael, I actually do very little in post.....as right time of day and shooting angle make this mostly an easy job in the raw processors.

    • @zvxcvxcz
      @zvxcvxcz 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Maybe you're not doing a lot, but what you're doing seems like it could use some turning down to me. Looks like clarity and/or local contrast and sharpening are being pushed a bit too far on a number of images. We all process to suit our own preferences of course. Or maybe it is cause by your noise processing? I don't know, but something looks wonky to me on those ones.

  • @koolkutz7
    @koolkutz7 8 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Great advice Roman; thoroughly enjoyed watching the seminar. I love the images you are getting with the Sigma 150-600mm C-super sharp. I have just purchased one with the 1.4 tc for my Nikon D600-should be awesome! How do you rate the Sigma 180mm macro lens? I guess it gives a good working distance for insects.

    • @RomanKurywczak
      @RomanKurywczak 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Yes....but our ring light wont fit on it so I go with the 150mm macro......if you are doing just natural or with speedlights.....it is wicked sharp and working distance is great!

    • @koolkutz7
      @koolkutz7 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Roman Kurywczak Thanks for the advice Roman-appreciated. Keep up the good work.

  • @seshadrir85
    @seshadrir85 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Roman, thanks for the great seminar.. i have used almost all of the points which you mentioned, except for the "sun behind my back" part which doesn't always work due to the access to the location. Apart from this, What should be the metering mode for bird photography? and what should be the focus point settings?

    • @roaminwithromanphototours1636
      @roaminwithromanphototours1636 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      I generally take a reading of a white car or sign in the same sun conditions I will encounter in the field. I use center weighted but actually rely on my histogram to be to the right without clipping.

  • @efrainsueldo
    @efrainsueldo 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Hi Roman, do you use IS when the camera is in the tripod, yes or not? and why? thank you

    • @RomanKurywczak
      @RomanKurywczak 7 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      No on the tripod and I even shut it off when I get the shutter speed over 1/1600 sec. I just don't think you need it with that fast shutter speed.

  • @siddhartharoy2773
    @siddhartharoy2773 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    I cannot understand when higher iso brings so much noise whats the use of providing these high iso no.s in dslrs.... like d810... ?

  • @hyndland65
    @hyndland65 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    One of the most enjoyable & informative event videos I've seen. Top man Roman.

  • @zvxcvxcz
    @zvxcvxcz 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    I take a different approach to always being ready. Yes, I need to turn one dial, but that's it, it's a fast enough switch for me. The custom modes on the 5DSR are great, one for static subjects, SAF, focus point, lower shutter speed, lower ISO, and another ready for action, CAF, zone focus, fast shutter speed, auto ISO. The big part here for me is the focus settings, because I do like to get close and put focus just on the eye with the 400 f/2.8, DOF really is a concern and I want the single point AF there. That is less than ideal for BIF of course, so those settings are on another custom.
    Recently got the 150-600 Sigma Sport, only had a few chances to use it so far, looking pretty good so far though.

  • @yoganathannatarajan4835
    @yoganathannatarajan4835 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    MANY THX TO UR SEMINAR.

  • @3elwoo
    @3elwoo 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    It's not -who you are underneath- what you have in backpack, it's what you do that defines you.