Make Hydrobromic Acid Revisited 2018
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 4 ส.ค. 2018
- We show how to make hydrobromic acid.
Hydrobromic acid is the bromine analogue of hydrochloric acid. While too expensive to use as much as hydrochloric acid, it's often used when the bromine element itself is needed. For example a major use is the synthesis of organobromine compounds like the ones we used in our grignard reactions.
To make it, we start with 400mL of water and add to it 250g of sodium bromide. Sodium bromide is available as a bromine source for swimming pools. To this we add 200mL of sulfuric acid, I got mine from drain opener.
The mixture is stirred until everything is dissolved and then cooled to freezing to crystallize out the byproduct sulfates and bisulfates.
The filtrate is then distilled until half the volume has been transferred and then allowed to cool. More crystals should crash out. This is filtered again and the filtrate is again distilled.
The distillate is then fractionally distilled to obtain constant boiling acid at around 124-126 celsius.
If the acid is yellow or orange, this indicates bromine formation. To remove it sulfur is added (1g per 100mL) and then distilled. The bromine-free distillate will have colloidal sulfur in it so it can be refluxed for an hour to drive the sulfur into the column.
Alternatively sodium metabisulfite can be added in small amounts until clear. Then distilled again to leave behind the sodium bisulfates.
Related videos
make hydrobromic acid: • Make Hydrobromic Acid
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"too stupid to make the connection"
Couldn't help but laugh at the bluntness and the all too familiar feeling.
he is a psychopath
a good one, as I am
I bet NurdRage can make a wicked cup of coffee!
i guess im asking the wrong place but does someone know of a way to get back into an instagram account??
I somehow lost my account password. I would appreciate any tips you can offer me
@Karson Ali instablaster :)
@Brayan Canaan i really appreciate your reply. I got to the site through google and im waiting for the hacking stuff atm.
Looks like it's gonna take quite some time so I will get back to you later with my results.
@Brayan Canaan it did the trick and I actually got access to my account again. Im so happy!
Thanks so much you saved my ass!
@Karson Ali no problem :)
Great job on this remake! Loving the improved yield and purity
Featuring the return of Igor the mutant lab fly.
On a different note: What should i call these redo videos? "Revisted"? "2018"? "Updated"? "Version 2"?
update 2
Revisited for a newer video covering the same chemistry, Revised for a new video containing a modification.
Beta2.0
Version 2
version 2
It is very engaging when you present your process and how you tried different methods.
Completely different subject, can you make a video on how do you make your lab, especially your fume hood ?
Cody'slab did one recently
Gooferking has a great one on that
Keep making videos.. I love your work.
With regards to removing bromine... This would be a useful one to push near the freezing point. bromine gas is actually a liquid near the freezing point of water, so it's quite possible that it can be purified by chilling the solutions until they 'break'.
There's some issues (namely triple azeotropes between water, bromine, and hydrogen bromide ), but since that's effectively just putting it in a bottle and letting it sit in the fridge for a bit, it's kind of a no-loss situation.
Worst case scenario, your flask is cold and has to sit out before carrying on with a hot distillation.
Cool ! Nice demonstration.
Hi nurdrage I would love to see u revisit the sulfuric acid project where u made it with a Hydrobromic acid catalyst
You could also use a solvent-based method to remove the sulphur. Hot toluene or xylene will dissolve sulphur, and can be used to purify it. You could just add a little bit of toluene to the sulphur-contaminated hydrobromic acid, heat or even reflux until all the sulphur has dissolved, then separate the upper organic layer. This avoids dirtying your condenser with sulphur, which is very difficult to clean off.
How about H3PO4 instead of H2SO4? From what I have read on some forums I have come to understand that using H3PO4 avoids the common contaminates. I haven't been able find a reference or procedure that utilizes H3PO4. Any idea?
May I suggest that you can extract the Br2 with toluene? (I’ve seen you using this chemical from your previous videos.) Br2 dissolves in non-polar solvents but HBr does not. Then you only need to remove the organic layer with multiple extractions.
3:40 Was there a HBr-addicted fly for several times in the timelapse?
Greetings
I'll apreciate if you show us how to sintesis diethylamine, with full detailed guide.
I remember using HBr for many acid base reactions in gen chem 2 :D
Did you get too close to any sulfur hexafluoride perchance ?
So how's the fly-cloning coming along? I see one has escaped the nest... :P
Got any ideas on how I'd take bromide and other stuff like that out of seawater to get pure chlorides?
4:47 is the boiling oscillating at that point?
Where can buy the fractional distillation apparatus this so cool thanks ❤❤❤❤❤
Two NurdRage videos in one day? Am I dreaming?
Does potassium bromide also work in this process?
Could we use this acid as etchant in PCBs and recovery the copper and acid with electrolysis?
Can you make a video on how to make isopropyl alcohol by hydration of acetone
An easier but more expensive way is to just cut materials with bromine based compounds in a laser cutter. This'll coat the inside of the machine with a fine coating of Hydrobromic acid. You can tell you have the right product because it'll happy eat the metalwork.
You are literally the BEST.
Thanks for this, I always wanted to try to make hydrobromic Acid but I didn’t want to use sulphuric acid due to it being pricey
First Last where I live (southeast Wisconsin) sulphuric acid is very easy (and cheap, too) to obtain. It’s sold at almost every home improvement store for unblocking toilets when plunging is unsuccessful.
Add that to the toilet, let it sit for an hour, and plunge it again, and 9 times out of 10, it’ll flush. (Don’t ask me how I know; the answer is obvious)
use sodium bisulfate
I remember in the 80s and 90s, I remember some snack crackers had sodium meta bisulfate as an ingredient! I’m not sure what the reason was but there was a lot of fuss about sulfites in foods so it’s less commonly used. I think both bisulfite and sulfites are available at pool chem suppliers for chlorine/bromine neutralizing.
I always wondered what would happen if you bubbled sulphur dioxide in a strong oxid iser like hot concentrated peroxide or hyperchlorite.
Is there any chance you could work on the science of rewhitening yellowed/browned plastics? I understand it's the bromine in the plastics oxidating but so far almost all solutions are involving hydrogen peroxide. Can you bring us through the sciend of current "retrobrighting". Also is there other safe methods we could use that are either safer on light colored plastics, or easier, faster, not need heat/bright lights. Ways to reduce blooming, maybe better ways to do current methods with gel like substances to avoid striping. Always awesome to see your videos, hope you can visit these ideas.
I get my suphur from fertilisers. It can be a pain and you always have to refine it, but unrefined its good enough for simple reactions like iron sufide and making sulphur dioxode.
Igor the mutant lab fly 4:30
How about using a bit of phenol to remove bromine (tribromophenol is very insoluble)
what would be a good way to make pure HBr gas?
Can you compute the HBr bond ? :/
what about h3p04 shouldn't one get a product with alot less Bromine contamination? (actually got 85%h3ppo4 but no h2so4 lol)
Hi
We need vedio about glyoxylic acid preparation
Love me some NurdRage
What was the yield?
How can I get ethanol from isopropanol?
Idk if you still check comments on these old videos but I have a question that I can't figure out the answer to. How does the reaction proceed considering that the pKa of sulfuric/hydrobromic acids are so different? According to wikipedia their respective pKa's are -3 and -9. Shouldn't that mean that you'd need a stoichiometric excess on the order of 100,000-1,000,000 before you'd start seeing any significant HBr generation? I can't figure out why this works.
It's a bit late, but maybe it helps. What's driving the reaction is not pKa, but volatility. HBr boils out of solution, so you never have a equilibrium, instead, HBr keeps forming until the Bromide salt is completely used up. The old timey rule is: "The less volatile acid drives the more volatile acid out of its salts."
How about ascorbic acid to reduce the bromine?
Is he a fulltime TH-camr? If not, what is his profession? I would like to know.
I heard that if u heat up and evaporate all the water in ferric chloride it will decompose and make red iron oxide and chlorine gas. Could u do an episode on it?
Hey NurdRage. Love your videos! :D
I have a question/video idea.
I recently have had some trouble with degrading plastic/rubber thingies. The rubber went sticky like glue. I believe due to exposure to sun light i.e. UV light. What exactly is the reaction happening there? Is there a way for the hobby chemist to revert this process or at least to get rid of the sticky layer, so the part is usable again without feeling the urge to autoclave your hands after touching it?
I know you probably more ideas or questions than you can probably answer. I won't be insulted if you don't get around to answering. :) I just thought this might be interesting.
Cheers
CMDR Kies In a nutshell plastics are made up of polymers (long chains of hydrocarbons) and a big factor in how the matrial behaves is how long the carbon chains are that are present in the plastic. When plastic is exposed to UV light over time, the carbon chains start to split up and become shorter segments. This, along with oxidation and moisture exposure damages the plastic and results in it loosing its desired properties on the surface of the material where sunlight is able to hit the surface.
As far as cleaning things up, I'd reccomend some mechanical method rather than chemical, like sanding. Once the plastic is damaged by uv, there is no way to undo the damage, so you're only option is to clean the bad material off really.
I've read that you could use phosphoric acic instead of sulphuric acid. This way the bromide ions won't be reduced into bromine.
you can add h2so4, nabr and sulfur then directly fraction distill
I actually found some 38% Sulphuric acid as a liquid pH lowering chemical. Wondering if I could distill it to 98%... Also have 98% DC one but not as acessible
You'd have to boil the water off, either in open air, or through a condenser. Then your acid would come over at around 300c. Distilling sulphuric acid is scary. Make sure you know exactly what you're doing first.
Can you use hydrochloric acid instead of sulphuric? I have seen a paper using HCl gas over sodium bromide but not in a homogenous reaction mixture.
I think hydrochloric acid is weaker than hydrobromic acid, so the equilibrium wouldn't favour hydrobromic acid
@@DarthSagit The problem here is volatility, not acidity. Sulfuric Acid is also weaker then Hydrobromic Acid, but since the HBr gets removed from the equilibrium by destillation, you can drive the reaction to completion.
That's why HCl would not work in a homogenous mixture, it would boil over without a lot of HBr being formed.
Can we get a video about case hardening and carbon diffusion into metal?
Thats not chemestry and its not to spectacular.
Overengineering it is chemistry and it is spectacular
Nah its not. You simply have to bring your steel to austenic temperatures and bring it in contact with graphite for a few hours. Carbon diffusion is relatively fast in plain steel, but alloys containing Chromium, Manganese and other heavy metals will slow down the diffusion.
Studying this stuff gets are real pain in the ass if your Professor sucks.
I came across the Bunsen reaction using Iodine and Sulfur Dioxide:
I2 + SO2 + 2 H2O
→ 2 HI + H2SO4 (120 °C); Bunsen reaction
If you produced SO2 (e.g. burning sulfur) and bubbled the gas into Hydrobromic acid, would this give H2SO4? It seems this might be less messy than the electrobromine process. If electrolysis was still needed, SO2 is still pretty soluble in water, and would avoid the sulfur floating around. Thoughts?
You can use hydrogen peroxide
it's cheaper
Great video - very dense and practical, as always. Just wanted to mention that sodium metabisulfite can be purchased at reagent grade (~99.5%) from the hardware store as stump remover, and it is quite inexpensive.
Does it mean that you`ve got a yield of 100 %? Without any loss? Is this possible?
more like 70%-90% depending on the quality of your reagents.
if the sodium bromide was switched for sodium fluoride, would it make hydrogen fluoride?
kinda scary if it does
Can i use KBr instead of NaBr?
go for it,
Please explain homunculus with the chicken egg.... what is it ?
I can be hard to understand sometimes, try turning off the sound and turning on the subtitles. They are manually done to match the audio.
Dear Sir
I took 35 Gram NaBr Powder
add 65 Gram Water
at
If you sold a sticker of your logo like in the beginning of this video I would buy one.
Please make some bromine please
Lmao one of the patrons is “Gary Johnson”
If you get a chance can you make h2O2?
H2O2 is really hard to make and so much easier to buy.
His royal nerdiness really can't waste his time on that.
Might as well ask him to make water.
@@aga5897 that would be easier
What is Na2S2O5?
butterflyspinart I think that's ligma
the fly is killing me lmao
I do wonder why you need HBr rather than the easier found HCl. But, whatever, if you want it then you might as well have it.
Zom Bee Nature If you just need the acid as a proton source then HCl works just as well as HBr. But for some reactions the nucleophilicity of the anion matters and bromide is a better nucleophile than chloride, hence the need for HBr. It's not as strong as iodide but iodine is expensive, so HBr is the perfect balance between cost and effectiveness.
Hydriodic acid is also far more easily oxidised than HBr, bringing its own set of issues.
Version II seems OK. BTW, you are running your magnetic stirrers way too fast. No need for that. Just a gentle stir will prevent them from whacking about like that.
Is it possible to convert sodium bisulfate to sulfuric acid in a relatively safe procedure?
it is easier to find sulfuric acid
user21XXL Only available OTC at some places in the world like Canada and the US for amateur chemists.
.... maybe... but it'll take days, even weeks.
basically electrolyze copper into it to make a mixture of copper sulfate and sodium sulfate. Then do fractional crystalization to make a copper sulfate rich mixture. electrolyze the mixture to make sulfuric acid rich sodium bisulfate, then distill the acid off using a high temperature heating mantle. This is an utterly stupid way of doing it. For that kind of effort you could get a job and with the money buy it including the hazmat fee and any other excessive costs.
i bet you can get 30% h2so4 everywhere. if not as a clean subtance then there will be a product which has h2so4 as a main ingreadient. I can buy 10 l container of 50% acid for pool ph control
Membrane electrolysis can do the trick if you dont need concentrated sulfuric acid, it is called electrodialysis.
Those flies are contaminants. You should take Walter whites's advice
Did anyone notice at 3:44 after the comment that “amateur chemistry is all about changing your procedures on the fly”, an actual fly lands on the water bath enclosure?
You can get sulfuric acid from oxalic acid and epsom salt
What is this thing spining?
stir bar.
Felipe Ferreira it's a stir bar meant to stir the mixtures to prevent hot spots which could get the mixture to overheat and splatter everywhere. Also some times you need to mix stuff with different densities and that needs stirring as well
hi plese help me
I asked him if he was making Sodium HypoBromite--- he said NaBrO
I see that the housefly thought the HBr was pretty tasty -- LOL
So that amount in the flask is a two year supply? I take it you don't generally use a lot of this as a rule. It seems like those doing chemistry can never have enough hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric acids with the latter always getting the "I'm almost out and this is expensive" comments.
When using an excess of sulfuric acid, the crystallizations aren't necessary (at least in my lab), following this procedure. Sodium bisulfate monohydrate is molten at 60C and above, and doesn't decompose until 315C. As always, your yields might vary.
Can you make some lysergic acid diethylamide please?
starting point: rotten rye
Lol
Funny how rotten food leads to so many pharmaceutical breakthroughs ;)
Everybody test their psychedelics please!!! Lsd is unfortunately one of the most faked substances, because drugs with similar (but physically dangerous) effects are much much cheaper. If its bitter or numbs your tongue, spit it out!
rotten grapes make a superb go-go juice
Show us that you have no fear by synthesizing dimethylmercury
no fear? Dude, i have LOTS of fear. Perhaps even more so than the average person because i know exactly how dangerous chemicals are.
Yeah but I want to see a synthesis of dimethylmercury ;)
And i want to date supermodels, we can't always get what we want in life.
Sneaky 10:08 length
i bought 100g of red phosphorous on amazon for 15 bucks
edit: same for sulfur
No frickin way lol that's crazy! What country do you live in?
snowdaysrule2 im from switzerland, but i ordered it from amazon germany. Here's the link (11euro = ~13usd) www.amazon.de/dp/B00IJX3CQ4/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_1DNDBbYD743YB
monster2slayer Interesting I never would've thought red phosphorous was something that could be purchased on Amazon. In the US red P is a DEA List 1 chemical so it won't be anything I'll be purchasing though. Appreciate you sharing the link though nonetheless!
100g of sulfur for 15 bucks? That's theft! I could buy 2 kilos for that price.
I think I saw a fly.
Hey, the comments section of TH-cam is full of smart people who can easily set aside opinions, right? No? Well, I still have a question for anyone who has an answer. I see that HBr is a gas, and Hydrobromic acid is just the gas dissolved in water, just as Hydrochloric acid is. And since Nurd Rage distilled Hydrobromic acid, does that mean you can distill Hydrochloric acid? If someone knows the answer, please do let me know. It will end up saving me lots of money if I can make and distill it. Thanks, fellow nurds!
Yes, you can distill HCl. That's how high boiling azeotropes work.
However I think that it's much cheaper just to buy it... sulphuric acid costs more than HCl
Make a video how to make testosterone powder and how to make esterification
The stir bar was having a hard time at first lol. I don't know if you are insterested or not but my grandpa with a chemistry friend made a formula to convert or adapt Gasoline for use in Diesel vehicles. If you are, just comment something and I will try to give it to you.
Justin Koenig thanks, but I'll wait for the expert to answer.
Hm... purports to have an amazing formula in a public forum about sharing chemistry knowledge, then refuses to share it... I smell a fake!
Kineth1 Surely sounds like a fake. The formula and process involve some dangerous products so I will agree to give it to a well trained chemist. It was parte of an old project of researching fuels and economy.
TuerCAR b s
Justin Koenig have you graduated yet? I'm studying electrical engineering but in my country everyone that is studying something loosely related to any science and has to do lab work first does basic chemistry to learn about safety etc. The subject is really intriguing though!!
228th
No your not
the only word i heard was acid
04:52 There's a fly :q
Nurdrage is better
Second
This man has a potato in his mouse...
Where are you bro no see long time