CRISPR: Gene editing and beyond
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 30 ต.ค. 2017
- The CRISPR-Cas9 system has revolutionised gene-editing, but cutting DNA isn’t all it can do. From turning gene expression on and off to fluorescently tagging particular sequences, this animation explores some of the exciting possibilities of CRISPR.
Download a poster on ‘The expanding CRISPR toolbox’ here: www.nature.com/posters/crispr...
Produced with support from Dharmacon: www.dharmacon.com
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These types of animations need to be more common in education.
11111111
What Windows-based software tool was used or might be used to produce this kind of professional quality animation (I understand that graphical arts talent is also very likely required)?
@@jimswenson6131
You are not even questionning what type of software they will use for Crisp ?!?
And most important who is going to control it.
You must be pretty young whith should excuse that... and yet...
I use them in my foundation lectures at university and my students love them
Yeasss
As a 3D artist, I feel it’s awesome to see these types of animations being used in education. Keep up the great work!
Not only the animation is great, but the explanations are the clearest I know of!
What software do you think they used to make this animation?
anndillm ;
Now universities are giving graduate degrees in science communication, teaching them graphic design in order to help explain scientific topics! I was amazed at the animation too! It's so rare to find a video that has great explanation and graphics
Joseph, most biomedical animations and animations for commercials production are made in Cinema 4D because of its procedural motion graphics (in c4d it is mograph) package. Also it can be made in Maya 2017-2018, with their motion graphics tool called 'mash'. Besides additional tools are used for rendering (Arnold, Vray etc) and post-production (Photoshop, After Effects). For additional reference or even full models of proteins you can use PDB (protein data bank), all models are free to use; there is addon called mMaya, to install and customize them.
As someone who did his graduation in molecular biology I'm in awe.
I remember the first time I saw and realised how mechanistic the inner workings of our cells are. Captivating..
I feel the same way! It's inspiring and exhilarating isn't it 😍
Michael Hurwitz there's the Miller and urey experiment that showed some amino acids could have been generated spontaneously from atmospheric conditions and chemicals present in the early earth atmosphere. Also, you've got molecules (take, RNA) capable of making copies of themselves, while accumulating mutations that makes them susceptible to natural selection. I think that idea is more exciting! Life is.... chemistry and probability. Given the right conditions, and time, it could flourish anywhere. Maybe there's a design... maybe the natural laws of physics in our universe allow this all to happen, and it's pure chance..maybe there's a grand designer who "engineered" the laws of nature to allow life to emerge from nothing. Who knows? The mystery is the most precious part of life... no one knows 😍
According to research,thoughts emerge from neural processes. Humans tend to feel things according to how we perceive information ,so sex has no "feeling" ,science goes deeper than what our brain's process in the 10% that we use.
I find it difficult to understand those who say scientific procedures such as hormones can change gender. According to biology,a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes scientifically determines gender (Chromosomes).Some tend to claim that Crispr DNA can annihilate or mutate chromosomes ,however ,Crispr DNA only binds to the DNA and cuts it, shutting the targeted gene off. The reason why mutating chromosomes or any cell will not be effective is because If you lost a section of DNA in only a single cell or small group of cells, the cells might live as before,and if not they would likely die or be killed due to the deviation. The body has multiple methods of getting rid of problem cells.If the chromosome became misshapen due to the missing DNA, the cellular divison process would break the chromosome and/or cause additional mutations, which would cause one or both cells to die. By stating that , the chromosome that one tried to mutate would only die ,and you would as well due to abnormal occurances and attempts at changing something that scientifically cannot be changed. Many have compared humans to clownfish in such topic as an example,however,in these species, such as many species of coral reef fishes, sex change is a normal anatomical process. . we do not have an anatomical process as they do. Although clownfish can change their physical anatomy , their chromosomes remain as male thoughrought their natural process. -
@@ryanthemainhoee1273 10% use theory is complete fraud, there is no way to calculate percentage of brain, as @Ethan Ferns said, we are using entire brain, some people are smarter, others are dumber. the memory, knowledge portion of brain is anatomically tiny, it is Hypocampus and Amygdala that connects memory to emotions, maybe that's why there is 10% usage theory walking around.
On gender changing issue, I completely agree with you, there is no way to change gender by hormones, only way is to replace X to Y or vice versa in all existing cells of person. That's why this thing is called gender dysphoria syndrome, it is psychological problem, like Schizophrenia, Bipolar e.t.c, but of course if you say this in our PC era, you'll be labeled as homophobe e.t.c
✋✋
This was the most calming academic video I have ever watched
Not if you're watching it in 2021.
@@Dreadandcircuses hahahahahahahahaha what a deep say
Yeah
You should check the secret life of gymnosperms, angiosperms. And mosses. Watched them for Botany and they were hilariously great, but also soothing
Great video. I don't have a background in science but I've been following the press on this topic and feel like this is the first clear explanation I've come across.
CW C I personally believe this is about to be the next huge thing in medicine. Keep an eye on it because it's truly incredible and has the potential to be an absolute game changer
Millions of years of evolution and scientists think they can make genomes better since they learn how to cut it (not very well). Sure. How much damage those "treatments" can and will introduce to the human genomes... I'm writing this from my perspective, I'm in the field on molecular biology for 20+ years.
@@mickjagger149 i suffering polycystic kidney disease by mutations /genetic I keep on eyes and hope if it will bring in our life ameen
Wow, I was pleasantly surprised by the high quality of this video. Keep up the great work!!
I truly hope that humanity will fully comprehend the responsibility that comes with using this kind of technology.
I seriously doubt they will. This is Pandoras box and I do not consent. it must stop. these plus they are also suppressing info on how the technologies generates other mutations.
Better they suppress it than freely release information to people that may use it for malicious purposes. All about finding a balance between publishing enough information to keep the public in the loop and staying safe.
You guys are idiots! Fuck the mutation! This stuff needs to be researched and if proven safe it can help people with many different types of diseases.
DatMan Dooley only problem is when they do find out whatever with this... It'll only be accessible to the rich. But I agree with you
This is similar to computer technologies and mobile communication. At first it will be accessible only to the rich. But after a couple of decades to middle class, and more.
And this is a technology that can help to prolong life of all people.
This is stunning. The brilliance of the researchers is beyond my comprehension.
This is very exciting. Sickle Cell Disease, which primarily affects African-Americans, could be cured using the CRISPR system. I lost my sister a couple years ago after her lifelong fight with SCD and the fact that we now have SCD patients in CRISPR trials brings tears to my eyes. I really do love the power of science.
It's amazing right? The CRISPR Cas9 gene editing technique could be used to potentially cure all genetically linked diseases from the fetus!
Science wont sort out the African American issue.
@@fullercrane1795The only reason why the world is not a better place to live is only because of Adharma.
Adharma is our only enemy, Adharma is not any particular person, religion, or race. It lies within ourselves. Adharma includes selfishness, greed, hate etc.
Dharma is a notion that shows us the path, it is the concept that says to do what is required of you i.e, do the rightmost thing that needs to be done. You have do it under any circumstances. Do it unattached to the world and everything in it, be it your parents, your emotions, your desires or anything else. It is dharma, a concept, a guiding principle, a conceptualized entity that commands to do what is due to the world, the things that should be done, those things that should be implemented.
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By abiding Dharma you always carry out the rightmost action.
Adharma is simply not doing the this
The only reason why the world is not a better place to live is only because of Adharma.
Adharma is our only enemy, Adharma is not any particular person, religion, or race. It lies within ourselves.
Dharma is a notion that shows us the path, it is the concept that says to do what is required of you i.e, do the rightmost thing that needs to be done. You have do it under any circumstances. Do it unattached to the world and everything in it, be it your parents, your emotions, your desires or anything else. It is dharma, a concept, a guiding principle, a conceptualized entity that commands to do what is due to the world, the things that should be done, those things that should be implemented.
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By abiding Dharma you always carry out the rightmost action.
Adharma is simply not doing the this
You'll be happy to know they successfully treated it with crispr in 2023
Having just read Jennifer Doudna's book "A crack in creation", this sort of video helps bring the science alive. Well done.
The mind boggles at how far we have come and how much further we are yet to travel. Fascinating.
Extraordinary animations! Thank you for this piece. Very interesting.
I am definitely impressed with the accomplishments of our species! Marvelous work!!
Am certainly not impressed with what people have done. Quiet disappointed in humanity as a whole. As science and technology can help many. There's much more foundational problem's with mountains of lies. The way people react when face the true says it all. In fact youtube is perfect example of this. You can say nothing but facts about race and sex things that go on around the world and it will get removed. Making a more psychotic two faced environment.
Clear, concise explanation of a difficult topic👍🏼
This is the clearest explanation of the CRISPR-Cas9 system I've seen to date.
Wow! What a powerful use of animation! That's very impressive!
Speaking as a molecular biologist, this is a great video. Explains clearly without introducing errors!
As a first year nanobiologist, I do really like the video. It is however wrong on some details, although I think those don't matter too much, considering it is a video for the public. But condensated chromosomes inside the nucleus isn't very accurate, except for if the cell is ready to devide. And all the chromosomes are connected at the middle, also something which isn't always the case. But hey, what do you expect.
@@thatyougoon1785 Simplifying for clarity. Perfect is often the enemy of good, especially with clear presentation.
Really? Do tell. Other then Crispr being something that was discovered in a bacterial immune system. What is it and not for what they say they use it for. What exactly is it?
@@fullercrane1795 First you use "then" inappropriately, followed by a syntactic jumble. Are you asking a question?
@@David-iv6je
Never tagged you. Nor do I care about your high school grade mumbling on about grammar. You're as bad as child saying you didnt capitalize a letter. In fact you're worse. You made that stupid remark because you don't want people to know or ask questions. I see no other reason you be that anal over it.
This is a great animation and very understandable thank you for this creation!!!
I'm overwhelmed by their mode of action. Splendid animation
Best video on CRISPR I have seen so far.
The fact that we can visualize such mechanisms is so amazing!
This makes me wish I understood how interesting bio chemistry can be. I wish i knew this when i was younger. It also makes me think about movies ive watched of advanced xivilazations that have permanently optimized their dna, but end up causing irreversible damage to their species. Which can also be a possibility for us thousands of years from now if we are not careful. Way too interesting of a subject.
Give the animator a raise and a trophy 🏆 that was so well done and thoroughly explained 👏
Fantastic animations. Learning is fun with these videoclips. Thanks to all the authors of these great art
Such an amazing animation! I am nowhere near biology and genetics (in fact I'm fom AI), and yet I received some intuitive understanding of how this stuff works! These kind of animations can really help people outside the field intuitively understand the topic. Great for general erudition.
crispr is bettr than tumblr
lol
But tumblr is funnyr than crispr...but you have to admit...crispr is a lot cooler than tumblr
tumblr causes cancer, crispr gets rid of it
does CRISPR allows porn tho??
@@AxelZaore depending on the gene you knock-out/down/in, the mice can probably stay fertile afterwards
This was a piece of art! Subscribed. Great work
What a gorgeous animation! Thank you
The ease that this can be done should actually terrifying to the human race. Imagine this in the hands of someone with less than good intentions.
Like Bill Gates and Fauci?
@@porter2719 After everyone has had the opportunity to get the vaccine, I hope they unleash the full force of it by spraying it everywhere. That should rid the nation of a lot of morons like you. I know I plan to spread it as much as possible.
@@dinoferrante1718 are you one of those people with less than good intentions?
@@someguy8273 No. I'm trying to save the human race in spite of the morons.
@@dinoferrante1718 You want to force experimental medical operations on people against their will, despite not knowing their long term effects. But your definately the good guy because you know whats best for mankind.
Great video! It reminds us to look into biological machinery so as to solve our problems! Natural selection is beyond us when it comes to create biological structures!
Reverting nature or die this is all we need
I love the background theme haha, also, thanks for this overview, great starting point to research CRISPR applications.
Great video about the application of Crisper! Really inspiring!
O vídeo está perfeito, certamente tornará mais fácil a aprendizagem para os alunos de BIOMOL
I love your work, as a regular citizen and science enthusiast, it´s a perfect way to understand such complex processes
This was beautiful and easy to understand! props to the animators
The possibilities that Crispr/Cas9 can achieve will be Amazing, spectacular Incredible. We’re at a point where we can unlock our full potential as a species, and what this could bring us (if we use it wisely) I love it
This animation is awesome! CRISPR-CAS9 system is really interesting! I hope we can utilize more biotechnology tools.
Finally,
I learned how CRISPR Cas9 works
Thank you for helping me
شكراً من القلب أفضل شرح شاهدة على الإطلاق 🌹🌹
Superbly done thank you sooo much for this video 🙏
You have to define terms! What does CRISPR stand for, what does PAM mean, etc? (CRISPR = *C* lustered *R* egularly *I* nterspaced *S* hort *P* alindromic *R* epeats, PAM = *P* eptidylglycine *A* lpha-amidating *M* onooxygenase, Cas9 = *C* RISPR *as* sociated protein *9* )
In CRISPR cas9, PAM actually stands for(Protospacer Adjacent Motif). It is called this because the sgRNA-Cas9 effector complex uses this three sequence template for site recognition.
I didn't understand but I know it is something cool
Absolutely well done and definitely keep it up!!! 👍👍👍👍👍
Dude, the video is way too calming!
This method has been applied in covid mRNA vaccines
Yes to edit and DNA
And killed many people
@@rogerbenito595 and to generate antibodies.
Is there any good text or resources to study more about this topic. If you know then please help?
Rajinder Singh Bump. Would also appreciate this.
We've compiled a lot of resources (including this one!) on our website - innovativegenomics.org/resources/educational-materials/
You can play with CRISPr www.the-odin.com/diy-crispr-kit/
Incredible and breath-taking.
I wrote a speech about crispr for biology last year. This is extremely interesting stuff
watched this yesterday, and i can't understand shit. Now im fuckin stoned, I can even understand the whole universe.
Man…
Anyone after Nobel Prize in chemistry 2020 ?
Meeee
Mee
I knew it before the nobel but underestimated its value
@whesley hynes i appreciate!
@whesley hynes you have no idea what you are talking about do you?
“DharmaCON” is likely the most important thing needed to be known here
Still absolutely amazing every time I watch it
Will change everything...
Still waiting
I would be interested to know how CRISPR/Cas9 differs from current gene editing technology. Is it significantly more effective, precise, quicker than other techniques? Or is it the versitility of the system that is the cause for all the hype?
Julius Stopforth the sgRNA @0:42 can be designed by researcher to complement with a specific sequence in the genome that researchers want to modify
CRISPR-Cas9 essentially *is* current gene editing technology. It's cheaper and faster than previous techniques, though sometimes those tools are still preferable. Generally speaking, what used to take thousands of dollars and months of work can now be accomplished for a few hundred dollars in less than a week.
Previous gene editing techniques had to be engineered to exacting specifications. And each edit you wanted to make required the same lengthy process. Now this single protein, cas9, has the ability to latch onto any guide RNA molecule you care to feed it and you get extremely precise activity.
Short answer: Yes.
Compared to TALENs and random mutagenesis it's better in every way. Random mutagenesis in particular (using UV light/chemicals/transposons to induce random mutations) is VERY time consuming so you'd potentially need 10s of thousands of samples to induce random mutations and identify subsequent gene functions.
BRAVO, IT IS AN AMAZING ANIMATION OF THE CONCEPT, PLEASE KEEP IT UP...👍🏼
Very interesting video! And thanks a lot for the English subtitle!
Tribute to Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier❤️💐✨
i wonder how criper does access the DNA sequence when it's in form of euchromatin, packed and covered in histones..
Nereus during replication and transcription DNA unwound from the compact chromosomal conformation, and that's the window when CRISPR works...
In my opinion, it really doesn't matter. In 2018, if you want to alter the human genome, you wouldn't use CRISPR directly on it, it would be much easier to use CRISPR to edit an adenovirus (or similar) vector and then use *that* on the human genome.
@@kropotkln ? You get crispr into cells using viruses
Amazing technology... am thrilled to know that so much is possible with cas proteins
GREAT video!! Inspiring!! Thank you!!
One thing I'm puzzled about. Since this work resulted from a bacterial immune system, why hasn't anyone mentioned the possibility of using this research as a way to augment human immune systems? Most of the work seems geared towards gene editing. Wouldn't it be possible to use this work to modify white blood cells to have the same RNA or DNA recognition system, so they could be taught to recognize HIV or Herpes? What am I missing? Is that out of the question?
you are making it too complicated.
Humans have already developed an immune system with mechanisms that are ten times more complex and efficient than CRISPR. if the protein Cas9 works same for every type of immunogen, we have lymphocytes which adapt themselves to give every single type of immunogen an exclusive response. the problem with those viruses you mentioned is that they change their compounds and structure over time, so at the next encounter they won't be recognized as an already flagged adversary. However scientists are developing this CRISPR tool to make human offspring immune to HIV via gene editing.
salaciousBastard
Great question! I can think of 2 big reasons:
1) Cas9 recognises foreign (non-bacterial) DNA by binding to PAMs (described at 0:52). Bacteria have evolved to have no PAM sequences in their own genome so that they don't cleave their own DNA by accident, but the PAM sequence (being only 2-6 base pairs) is extremely common throughout the human genome. So if you augmented human cells with the genes needed to make their own CRIPSR Cas9, they'd chop up a lot of their own DNA. If this didn't directly kill the cells, the resulting mutations would probably cause cancer. In fact, even if the system was working properly it'd probably increase mutation (and thus cancer) rates because, to generate the correct guide RNA, it has to first insert snippets of invading viral DNA into certain parts of the cell's genome. No doubt there are other species compatibility problems that I'm unaware of.
2) Say we got around the above problems, and we wanted to use your idea. We'd want CRISPR Cas9 in all our cells since it gives fairly passive defence against viruses invading any cell. To do that you'd insert the genes for CRISPR Cas9 into a fertilised egg, so that the person is born with the CRISPR Cas9 genes in all cells of their body. However this is called germline gene editing and it's strictly illegal because it's irreversible for the person if it goes wrong. I think Soroush Mozaffari is referring to a Chinese scientist who was recently arrested for breaking this law by mutating some genes in IVF children in the hope of giving some HIV resistance. This guy only mutated a human gene, and got world-wide condemnation. To go a step further and insert sets of foreign genes would be all the more controversial.
What's this beautiful music?
U simp
OMG! This is so beautiful;)👍
All of this is so insanely cool
This was mind blowing. So much good and bad that can arise from this.
Personally, I'd prefer to keep my natural DNA.
Ok...
its for genetic disorders
@@ooglemoogle8210 for covid also .
Hey Nature. where can I find some more info about the use of CRISPR-GFP chimeras for spatial detection of speecific sequences?
Phenomenal animation!
oh my god, i had never seen such a pretty chromosome, these animations are so good
Layman's question. I was born with a genetic flaw that has caused me problems now that I am almost 50 years old. Can CRISPR tech help me?
In theory yes, but in reality probably not. Still plenty of problems with off target editing, and delivering it efficiently to your cells. If your problem is with a specific organ or tissue, it's more likely. Crossing my fingers for you
sir, it depends, only a few genetic diseases can be cured by crispr till now, kindly tell what type of genetic flaw are you talking about. it depends on that.
This video is a link added to my i-Text for Cell Biology - incredible!
The animation is amazing work!
tutorial pls i want glow in the dark hair
mellow m your offspring (child) will have the effect not you.
Bigbanana E hair is dead cells though, is it not?
@@liljimbob8740 no, it's just protein.
@@liljimbob8740 hair is composed of keratin, the very same protein that is present in dead skin cells
Myr Na interesting. Thank you.
what is the name of the background music? i really need to know
This is a great animation! Thank you
Guys am an engineer, but i learned through videos on youtube that dna is inside each cell and chromosomes are just dna incased for when cells divised and there are 23 pairs of chromosomes each from dad and mom and then there complex proteins that copy / zip / edit / crop dna and that rna and other material is inside the cells (but outside the nucleous of the cell) for those dna operations.
I dunno what am saying, but am saying, i learned everything today am trying to get a grip and combine all this new info. Biology is amazing, gonna take this serious.
Padora's box?
Who’s here after buying crisper stock 🤣?
Thank for your informative video, seem that CRISPR-Cas9 work as a transcription factor so potential!!
Very clear explanation and a great demonstration of how it works.
thank you very much!
i understood maybe 30% of what I just watched
Eugenics?
C-19 vaccines
@@unmu1392 ur mom
Genetics engineering is not bad unless it is only used by the elites
Great video. Easy to understand!
I was just googling this for a paper and now this is in my recommendations. Google works fast 😅
Don't let them fool you, its not about tackling diseases, its about transhumanism and connecting humans with artificial intelligence.
NIGHT OF THE LIVING DEAD...
Great animation very understandable thank you!
This has unimaginable potential. Hope to have some benefit from this tech before i pass away.
I'd feel better about all this, if I thought they had our best interests at heart.
They do actually. The use cases are plentiful from better healthcare to increased food production and new materials. I don't think this technology is suited to build weapons with it.
Susan Raezer: How many times have you done something with their "best interest at heart" and have it totally backfired on you...? Be honest!!!
you should terrified. China has already opened a human cloning center.
They are using crispyr tech to fatten up beagles. did you watch 60 minutes? I did w my parents and they realized the Chinese are doing that to fatten up their food. they eat beagles. do we need to encourage this behavior??? hell no! stop now!
Hmm why is this in my recommended? The Ai algorithm knows what this Rona vaccine is..do you?
Great video, thanks!
This is a great breakthrugh of science.
All I see are wads of gum.
Crazy scientists are playing roulette russe with our lives and think our DNA is some kind of logo play.
stupid its for curing genetic defects u idoit
This is amazing!
Awesome ❤really awesome thanks
very dangerous stuff
how
You've got to be out of your mind if would think all of these systems are as a result of time+mutation.
The CRISPR system evolved in bacteria as a defense mechanism against viruses (so they could target viral DNA sequences and disable them).
So just because we cant explain it all now, a God have to had made it? Just a matter of time before they can explain more
Standards still Maintained. No one can replace THE NATURE...really love it❤❤❤❤.
the nature is so inttelgent man
These visuals are much better than the helix, sheets and folders that you're given in text books or shown in presentations.