It's really interesting to note how this part of the research is closely connected with the traditional (word-of-mouth) wisdom of drinking Puer tea during/after meat & fat heavy meals as a way to help 'digest' and keep the body healthy & well-balanced. Thanks for taking the time to research, break-down and share this information - these videos are great for the tea drinking community.
Hey Philip, thanks for this great comment - originally I had actually included a segment at the end where I touched on this very point, but I cut it because I thought the video was getting too long. The idea that you bring up is very interesting though - that Puer Tea has been consumed for centuries by frontier peoples in Tibet and Mongolia FOR the purpose of improving cardiovascular health. Who knows if they were aware of the lipid-lowering mechanisms, etc., but they certainly observed that Puer Tea effectively reduced cardiac events and improved overall lifespan and healthspan. Their diets largely comprised Yak meats, fatty animal products, and very little plant foods (due to climate conditions). Under such lifestyle conditions, the health effects of tea consumption were extremely noticeable, and the habit of daily tea consumption was thereby passed down for generations. Then, it only took us another thousand years to figure out HOW and WHY (i.e. the mechanisms of action) underlying the observed effects. One of the reasons I am fascinated by tea science is that you often get to see modern science confirming millennia-old traditional wisdom... which is pretty cool. Thanks again for your watching and commenting. I'm looking forward to meeting for tea in Guangzhou when I return (looking like around September). Cheers and Happy New Years ! 元旦快乐
I love how much u love tea and how much effort u make to keep the explanations simple but clear. I also like how u use actual scientific terms to talk about the chemical compounds and not 'dumb' it down. Great job! 👍
Thank you, I love geeked out nutrition science. That you have a series doing this for tea specifically is creating an intersection between my two favorite interests. I’d listen to this content any time.
Thank you so much Stephen! When I initially thought of the concept, I thought, "I don't know WHO on earth will watch this, but I think it's interesting, so let's do it..." It's really great to see that other people have similar interests and derive benefit from exploring these various topics of Tea Science. Looking forward to making more videos in the coming months! Thanks again for watching and commenting. Happy New Years! - Dylan
Hey, thanks for this. I did my undergrad in molecular biology, and breaking some of those biochemical pathways down for non-scientists (or even non-biologists) is challenging! I know I'm commenting way late here, but I've just found your videos and I really appreciate how much more I've learned, not just about the science or health effects, but the history and the skillful preparation of tea. Many thanks!
Thank you! I found this very informative! I liked and subscribed! I will be 59 years old in February. I have been exploring the health benefits of tea myself for the last five years or so. I always loved Earl Grey and I know there have been studies that show Earl Grey has benefits for the heart. But it looks like you have been studying this longer and will be able to help me Go deeper into the subject. Thanks for your efforts
That's great to hear David! The health benefits of tea is a fascinating but very complex topic. I'm looking forward to exploring this topic with you in more detail in future videos! Best, Dylan
I really like Puer tea. In fact it's the only tea I crave when I don't have it. I think raw Puer is pretty good however cooked shu Puer is beyond amazing and I never want to be without it! Thank God for tea!
You're very welcome! I'm glad that you found the video informative. Plenty more Tea Science videos on the way :) Thank you for watching and commenting. Happy New Years, - Dylan
This video was AMAZING! I have been drinking tea my whole life but just found out about puer tea and stumbled across your video while trying to learn more about it. Thanks for sharing some of the science - I found it super interesting!! How did you learn so much about tea?
Great, thank you! If you liked this one you might also like Chapter 6 of the Masterclass, titled "How Drinking Tea Helps the Brain, Microbiome, [...]". Let me know if you have any questions! 😊🤘🌱🍵
I've been taking notes as I go while watching, because I tend to forget what I wanted to ask after I watch... 1. Is the study about Shu or Sheng or both? If only aged sheng - how old is the threshold? You mentioned casually "ripe puer or aged raw puer", explained processing of both, but quotes from a study only mentioned "puer", plus as far as I've learnt those two are pretty different from each other... 2. Anti-hypeglycaemic properties - lowering spikes in blood surar after a meal: I noticed that I don't get hit by a post-dinner coma on days I brew shu puerh right after. Is it just that thing in action? 3. If one drinks tea only after a meal, does it really act so instatntly to affect the process of digesting the food just eaten? Breaking it down to the stage of lipid absorption may take long, but sugar level fluctuations are rather quick... Isn't it more like "regular puer consumption changes your metabolism to be better at dealing with fat/sugar"? The layman knowledge would be more that "there's no magic pill, natural remedies work only as prevention, and used over extended periods of time"...?
Hi Agata, thanks for the questions! I've tried my best to answer each one below; 1. You're correct that Raw and Ripe Puer have very different chemical compositions. The REVIEW article encompassed studies on both Raw and Ripe Puer, and goes into great detail on some of the chemical differences between those two. The original RESEARCH article (which was reviewed WITHIN the review article) that discovered the MECHANISM of antihyperlipidemia effects in humans (involving gut microbiota and bile acid sensing) actually just used concentrated theabrownins extracted from Puer tea rather than Puer tea liquor or Puer tea extracts. 2. Your relative lack of FOOD COMA (I love this phrase haha) after meals that were followed by Puer Tea consumption MAY be explained (at least in part) by the anti-hyperglycaemic effects of Puer Tea. Additionally, however, you can't ignore the possible role of CAFFEINE in Puer, which has well known psycho-stimulatory effects that could play a role in alleviating post-prandial comatose, also known as FOOD COMA. Here's a thought... see if you can't think of a mouse experiment that would be able to clarify the different relative contributions of caffeine versus theabrownins towards increasing energy levels after a high-sugar meal. We can test your hypothesis! 3. The evidence that I have reviewed seems to suggest that there are effects of Puer intake that ARE immediate enough to affect sugar/fat absorption during digestion, which is not to say that it is a magic bullet. As a hypothetical example, Puer + Big Mac may decrease your fat/sugar uptake from the cheeseburger by 15/20% compared to Big Mac alone... however there is still 80/85% of a greasy cheeseburger sliding through you, and the relevant downstream negative effects on health would still apply (so... helpful, but not a silver bullet). In addition to these "short-term" effects on digestion, however, there is evidence to support more long-term effects of regular Puer intake on innate metabolic function (as you alluded to). One example of this that I mentioned in the video is the effects of Puer Tea consumption on the gut microbiome. Altering the composition of gut microbial communities does not occur immediately after consuming Puer, but rather is a shift that occurs over the scale of weeks and months. Once shifted, however, the effects of a healthier gut microbiome can be profound and long-lasting (even when Puer Tea wasn't consumed in the immediate past). For example, reduced populations of microbial communities that degrade primary bile acids into secondary bile acids (the effect of Puer Tea cited in the video) implies that even when Puer Tea was NOT consumed in recent hours (or even days), your microbiome and innate digestive sensing systems are ALREADY positioned at a relatively more cholesterol-catabolic (blood fat-degrading) baseline. I hope these responses were helpful :) Thank you again for watching and commenting - Don't hesitate to reach out again with more questions/comments/thoughts. Happy New Years, - Dylan
Wow 🤩 so cool. I bought a box of Puer tea cause they were out of barley and when I googled the benefits it sounded good. Now that I listen to this deep dive I am so happy to have found this tea and will drink more for my Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) & liver disease diagnosis. Thanks a lot please keep more deep dive information coming. Your channel is absolutely appreciated.
Very informative. I too am kind of a tea geek. I'm definitely not an expert but enjoy many types and am interested in their health benefits. I have been into jiaogulan in the last year and have discover the Thai variety is much sweeter, less bitter then the cheaper Chinese variety found in Canada where I am. Regarding pu erh, I've read some articles on the tea, linking it to firmer skin. These articles don't go into detail on how it achieves this. Have you heard of this phenomenon relating to puerh? If so, I'd be interested in hearing your thoughts. Good day.
Thanks for sharing your thoughts @Dieshelmon. There are a number of of researches suggesting that tea polyphenols can generally help to improve skin health through a variety of mechanisms, including the regulation of epidermal growth factors and the amelioration of skin photo-aging (skin cells exposed to UV radiation), through the free radical-scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects of tea polyphenols. However, in regards to skin FIRMNESS specifically, I am not sure. I am not an expert in skin health, and I do not really know how the element of firmness per se plays into the greater picture of skin health. However, if I were to speculate, I would say that Raw Puer Tea, which is highly abundant in tea catechins, would confer considerable anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, which, if consumed regularly over one's lifetime, would result in significant net reduction in skin damage caused by daily oxidative insults such as UV, air pollution, inflammatory food items, etc., and at the end of the day, that might present itself as less damaged, healthier, (firmer?) skin. That is my speculation, however I could not find any research articles specifically mentioning skin firmness in relation to tea phytonutrients. Let me know if you find anything, and I will take a look and maybe make a video about it! Thanks :)
@@wumountaintea Hey, thanks for your reply! I think your right about the catechins or polyphenols being the nutrients in pu erh that would be responsible for skin health. Other articles mentions skin's elasticity being protected by drinking it. As you refer to it having some UV protecting qualities, this is probably where they relate the tea to benefiting skin. High levels of UV exposure from the sun can damage the collagen in our skin which over time can give the skin a saggy wrinkled look. So I guess having some UV protection in turn might help with protection of collagen which would protect the skins elasticity, thus keeping your skin "firmer". Not sure how much effect Pu erh tea would have on this but every little bit helps I guess lol.
These videos are so great! It would be really interesting if you could do a video comparing/contrasting the health benefits of the different tea types and even strains (?) of a given tea type (e.g., green tea type A vs green tea type B). I'm guessing that the healthiest move is to consume a variety of teas. Another question - does it matter when you drink the tea (e.g., for lowering blood sugar, do you need to drink tea at the same time as when you eat the glucose containing food)?
Thanks for the comment Robert. Regarding the potential negative effects of Puer Tea - caffeine could potentially pose an issue due to its effect on sleep latency when consumed too late in the day. That is the only NATURALLY-occurring Puer Tea compound that you should be wary of. Beyond that, all teas (or any agricultural product) have the potential for contaminants from agro-chemical applications (insecticides, fungicides and herbicides). The best way to avoid exposure to such chemicals would be to buy organic. Lastly, heavy metals have been detected in Puer tea samples, however such elements only accumulate within OLD tea leaves positioned further down the plant - they do not accumulate in young leaves and buds. Therefore, avoid buying low-grade Dark Teas, as these are typically produced from older leaf material (which you can identify by feeling the infused leaves - old leaves are rough and coarse to the touch), while higher grade Dark Teas are produced from buds and young leaves. In summary, the potential health risks associated with Puer Tea intake are largely avoidable by choosing higher end, organic Puer and drinking at times of the day that will not affect your sleep schedule. Hopefully this answered your question, and I greatly appreciate your concern for consumer health. Please don't hesitate to reach out with other tea questions you might encounter. Best, Dylan
So cool. I got a super good deal on 2 100 pack boxes of Puerh tea bags at grocery outlet. I know it’s not the fancy cake kind but I drink it to support my liver.
very good video. only thing is that cholesterol is not the problem. LDL, HDL, trig ratios reflects your metabolism just like body temp and blood pressure. lowering it is not the main gold. getting the ratios optimal naturally is the best way.
Thank you Robert! Lipid metabolism is one of my favorite topics in medical research. I agree with you that the objective of "lowering cholesterol" is an inaccurate, and at best, incomplete, metric if the goal is to reduce risk of death from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). From the research I have reviewed, the most critical blood lipid metric for reducing risk of death from ASCVD appears to be apoB concentration, that is the quantity, or particle count, of LDL molecules in the blood. I have been convinced (for the time being) that apoB is the best metric for quantifying ASCVD risk after reading the work of Alan Sniderman (recent work linked below). Feel free to take a look, and if you have resources on this topic that you think I should review, please send them. Thanks for watching and commenting ☺🌱🍵 Research Article: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33870931/ Podcasts with Sniderman discussing his findings: peterattiamd.com/allansniderman/
@@wumountaintea yes. Agree. Useful sources are below. Dr Paul mason n low carb from under have a lot of good lectures. Dr Jack kruse his videos n site. His site has so much on everything. Dr william Davis has good videos so does dr David diamond. Lipid heart hypothesis on atherosclerosis theory is totally debunked already. Atherosclerosis is the result of body trying to repair not the other way around. Like blaming Firemen at the site of fire.All fake n junk science. Dr tom Cowan on bitchute is the ultimate. He debunked the entire rockerfeller big Pharm scam. We can use simple lipid panel to tell the state of metabolism wo going into nmr lipoprofile panel. High trig to hdl ratio meaning defect in fat burns. High LDL is associated w good immunity bc you have more lipoproteins to carry fat nutrients hence have good fat burns. Heart uses 85% of energy from fat. The rabbit trails lead to more rabbit holes. The whole dr Jason fung Movement onfasting is going strong.
I cant wait foe my order of wu mountain tea to come in! This video is so informative and interesting! I love to hear about the health benefits from different types of teas, Thank you so much!!!
All new to this tea stuff, been watching a few of these videos, which are very informative, I am mostly interested in the medicinal and health benefits, so I just ordered a brick of Pu-erh tea, around 16 year old. think this is a good place to start pretty sure it's a step up from store bought tea bags.
Love your explanation, even if you did fluster yourself. Love all your classes on tea. I did not know most of the stuff. Have always enjoyed tea. Although the Pu Erh process reminds me of my mulch piles a week after the tree man drops it off. Love the fermented fragrance and steam as I'm shoveling and barrowing it around. I suppose the tea would turn to ash if not monitored properly.
Thanks for this thorough review. I'm just learning about Pu-erh tea and resins. But you answered my question about the difference between raw and ripe (fermented). Sounds like ripe is what I need. :D I am concerned about the dirt taste. I want the benefits, but I need to be able to drink it. What can you tell me about the taste and how do you drink it? Thanks
ahhhh the dirt taste, yes. that's pretty common in the ripe puer world. what you need is just a high quality organic ripe puer - those are going to be much more sweet and triple chocolatey in flavor and a lot less dirt-like. I have the perfect one for you right here: wumountaintea.com/product/organic-ripe-puer/ In terms of how to drink it, ripe puer is actually the hardest tea to mess up. you just need boiling hot water and to infuse the leaves for at least a few minutes. depending on how long you steeped the tea the first round you can do anywhere from 2-4 re-infusions of the same leaves. Let me know if you have any other questions! Dylan
Of course this depends mainly on the age of the aged sheng and aged white. No research has addressed this specific question yet, however my guess would be that theabrownin contents in Sheng and in White Tea increase at comparable rates over time, i.e. 20 year old White and 20 year old Sheng would have comparable theabrownin contents. That's my guess. Thanks for watching and engaging with all of these interesting questions! 🙏🌱🍵
I really enjoy your videos. I gave you a thumbs up plus a few more here...👍👍👍 At 4:03 you say "human" but the text says "hooman". Was this a test to see if we were paying attention?
Thanks for another great video, Dylan! I think we have a few cakes of Puer tea lying around so maybe it's time to give them another try. It's probably our least favorite kind of tea, but my wife suspects that the vendor might have improperly stored the cakes and that might be why.
Thanks Alexander! Ripe Puer can definitely be an acquired taste... but if you taste or smell mold there could have been improper storage and I wouldn't recommend drinking it. Far too many good teas out there to be drinking ones you don't like! Keep me posted :) Cheers, Dylan
@@wumountaintea Okay, we tried one of the Puer teas again yesterday and I don't think there's any mold. To me, It has a bit of a medicinal taste, which is why I was put off the first time I tried it. However, after three or four sips my mouth got used to it and it was actually pretty good -- and if it lowers cholesterol, all the better. I still prefer a good Oolong, though. Thanks again!
Just reviewing this video because I'm ready to break a Pu-erh tea. BTW, how are you? Hope you are well. It woudl be great to see you in a new video; you are so informative. Be Well!
For us non-geeky folks, could you plz explain in under 2 minutes "What it is - What it does - How we benefit from it" (e.g. weight loss)? Brought down to a 5th grade level summary, you could white board it and reach a much broader audience. Just a thought. Great information though, well done!
Thanks for the informative video. Keep em coming! I’m venturing into teas for health purposes and I enjoy drinking “fancy” drinks. Currently replacing my fancy sugary drinks with teas. 😂
Your Awesome Dude!! I was in total wonder and awe of the magic of pu-erh tea when I first discovered it 2 years back..No other tea is as Therapeutic and Solace- bringing to me 💚🙏
You guessed right Abdullah!! 😂 haha thanks man, I was having too much fun with those 😜 I saw you commented on some other videos too, I’m going back through now to reply where I can 🤙🌱🍵 - Dylan
Give your some credit...some of us have an extra BS in Chemistry, and used to be the Facility electrical engineer at a 7M barrel brewery, with a certification from IBD just for fun. Some of us enjoy this stuff.
@@wumountaintea better be. Haha My bf is chinese and im not. So i hope he knows better 🤷🏼♀️ as long as he is happy, why not. According to him, people offered him to buy the tea in his possession. So i assume should be good ones? Im clueless haha
Man that was a good explanation 👏 ... my question and hopefully in that study is addressed ? would be for the young raw puerh drinkers out there ... the tea being more like green tea in its benefits I'd believe but I am sure the divergence in the wok frying and steam processing probably starts a whole new chemical reaction and I'd love to hear a stage by stage health benefits model as it ages ... raw freaks gotta know I guess 🤷 I'll try and give that study a read tho thanks
Thanks for the comment Herb. There's kind of two questions in there if I'm understanding you correctly; #1 is the differences created by Green Tea steaming Vs. Raw Puer Wok Firing. #2 is how the bioactive compounds in Raw Puer evolve and change over time, and how those age-associated changes create teas with different effects on human health. I'll start with question #1: Some differences we know for sure. Total catechin content, especially gallated catechins (EGCG, ECG, GCG), are going to be significantly higher in the green tea than the Raw Puer because of more complete denaturation of the tannase enzymes with higher-heat steaming. Right off the bat that would suggest more total antioxidant capacity of the Green Tea compared to Raw Puer. Total catechin content and composition therefore is likely going to be the biggest difference the two tea types. Caffeine won't change much. Amino acids won't change much (or maybe some would!). Polysaccharides will likely differ significantly, but we know much less about those. HERES THE IMPORTANT PART THOUGH (in my opinion): While you can run this experiment and see what happens, in reality Green Teas and Raw Puers are almost never made from the same cultivars or grown in the same climates. They are sometimes, but the vast majority of Green Teas in the world today are small- or medium-leaf cultivars from more northern latitudes, while Raw Puers are exclusively large leaf from Yu-know-where. This means that whatever differences might arise during processing (Steaming vs. Wok Firing) only represents a small fraction of total differences between the two teas due to different genetics and growing conditions. To sum, you COULD run an experiment to identify the differences between the same batch of leaves used to make either Green OR Raw Puer, and that experiment would be interesting - I would love to see it - almost certainly more catechins in the Green Tea, but what else would we find? Who knows. Let's do it. BUT, this experiment would not be highly representative of most Green Tea Vs. Raw Puer comparisons due to the typical genetic- and climate-based differences between these teas. Question #2 has been studied a bit before - its a fairly simple experiment. Like I mentioned before, one of the major changes with age is going to be that gallated catechins (EGCG, GCG, etc.) go down, Gallic Acid increases, amino acids will decrease a bit with age too. You can check out this abstract if you want, and there's others out there like it; www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0023643820309038 In terms of health effects, it all depends on the experimental model. For example, the younger Raw Puer, with more EGCG and greater antioxidant capacity, would likely be more protective of animals exposed to highly oxidative agents (maybe cigarette smoke or air pollution). But the older Puers have unique bioactive molecules of their own that might be relatively more protective/beneficial under a different experimental model. Anyway, I like where your heads at. Let's keep in touch about Raw Puer stuff, and I'll try to send you interesting new articles when I come across them. Best, Dylan
Tottay that sounds wicked... reading this stuff is awesome...it would be great to one day see a good split in information on ripe and raw benefits right off the bat in a Google searche one day ... mainly I only ever find ripe benefits... but no real complaints when my cup is full of either treasure anyways ... yes send me any and all articles on the subject that would make my day thank you .
So I briefly searched online for the causes of acid reflux/heart burn, and I found that sometimes the cause is unknown, however there can also be certain instigators like such as coffee, tomatoes, alcohol, chocolate, fatty or spicy foods, being overweight, smoking, pregnancy, or stress and anxiety. In terms of tea consumption, I don't think there would be a problem as long as you do not brew the tea too overly strong. Extremely strong tea can be acidic, and the high caffeine levels can also trigger a stress response in some people. However, with less leaf and shorter infusion times (a lighter tea brew), I think that the tea would not exacerbate the problem and perhaps might even help. Let me know if you have any issues! Best, Dylan
@@wumountaintea thanks Dylan, then I will just pour a hot water? on the dried leaves of pu erh then it will be safer for those who have heart burn/acid. Reflux patient. Thanks for your answer 😁🙏❤️
@@wumountaintea thanks much, I will try when I am done with my treatments bec I am having a Traditional Chinese herbal Medicine recommended by a Chinese doctor, that where I bought the Pu erh tea I hope it will really suites with my GERD🙏❤️
@@marielcarreon3584 Hey I found this podcast today about fighting acid reflux that you could check out, let me know what you think 🤗🌱🍵💚 podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-doctors-farmacy-with-mark-hyman-m-d/id1382804627?i=1000584578992
I have some (a large amount) that I have had in a dry and cool place for over ten years now. It smells fantastic and I’m ready to sell. I bought it from China when it was less popular. 🎉🎉🎉
My ancestors hometown in Chaozhou .... family can go bankrupt drinking this :P It's very tasty but I have not read any scientific proof it's good for health. like green or white tea. But ancient chinese I was told uses the tea to clean greasy dishes...emulsification. Not sure if it can be translated to cleansing the intestines.
Omg father and me surely need this O.O Idc about my step bro.. tried to be nice and he false accuse me, so even tho he got diebities too and dont care to do anything healthy I keep to self and father! Humph!.. maybe mother?.. Idk! Anyway thx dude for all the teachings! Learned so much today! 😊
It's really interesting to note how this part of the research is closely connected with the traditional (word-of-mouth) wisdom of drinking Puer tea during/after meat & fat heavy meals as a way to help 'digest' and keep the body healthy & well-balanced. Thanks for taking the time to research, break-down and share this information - these videos are great for the tea drinking community.
Hey Philip, thanks for this great comment - originally I had actually included a segment at the end where I touched on this very point, but I cut it because I thought the video was getting too long. The idea that you bring up is very interesting though - that Puer Tea has been consumed for centuries by frontier peoples in Tibet and Mongolia FOR the purpose of improving cardiovascular health. Who knows if they were aware of the lipid-lowering mechanisms, etc., but they certainly observed that Puer Tea effectively reduced cardiac events and improved overall lifespan and healthspan. Their diets largely comprised Yak meats, fatty animal products, and very little plant foods (due to climate conditions). Under such lifestyle conditions, the health effects of tea consumption were extremely noticeable, and the habit of daily tea consumption was thereby passed down for generations. Then, it only took us another thousand years to figure out HOW and WHY (i.e. the mechanisms of action) underlying the observed effects. One of the reasons I am fascinated by tea science is that you often get to see modern science confirming millennia-old traditional wisdom... which is pretty cool.
Thanks again for your watching and commenting. I'm looking forward to meeting for tea in Guangzhou when I return (looking like around September).
Cheers and Happy New Years ! 元旦快乐
I love how much u love tea and how much effort u make to keep the explanations simple but clear. I also like how u use actual scientific terms to talk about the chemical compounds and not 'dumb' it down. Great job! 👍
Thank you, I love geeked out nutrition science. That you have a series doing this for tea specifically is creating an intersection between my two favorite interests. I’d listen to this content any time.
Thank you so much Stephen! When I initially thought of the concept, I thought, "I don't know WHO on earth will watch this, but I think it's interesting, so let's do it..."
It's really great to see that other people have similar interests and derive benefit from exploring these various topics of Tea Science. Looking forward to making more videos in the coming months!
Thanks again for watching and commenting. Happy New Years!
- Dylan
Hey, thanks for this. I did my undergrad in molecular biology, and breaking some of those biochemical pathways down for non-scientists (or even non-biologists) is challenging! I know I'm commenting way late here, but I've just found your videos and I really appreciate how much more I've learned, not just about the science or health effects, but the history and the skillful preparation of tea. Many thanks!
This is the kind of content I love.
Awesome! 😎🤙🍵🌱
Thank you! I found this very informative! I liked and subscribed! I will be 59 years old in February. I have been exploring the health benefits of tea myself for the last five years or so. I always loved Earl Grey and I know there have been studies that show Earl Grey has benefits for the heart. But it looks like you have been studying this longer and will be able to help me Go deeper into the subject. Thanks for your efforts
That's great to hear David! The health benefits of tea is a fascinating but very complex topic. I'm looking forward to exploring this topic with you in more detail in future videos!
Best,
Dylan
I really like Puer tea. In fact it's the only tea I crave when I don't have it. I think raw Puer is pretty good however cooked shu Puer is beyond amazing and I never want to be without it! Thank God for tea!
Amen! Shu Pu definitely has that thing about it that's hard to live without 🙏🌱☕
That is why Pu erh Tea helps in fatty liver disease ........ makes a lot of sense... thank you ~!
Very interesting information. Thank you for the wonderful explanation
Red lotus let's gooo
You're very welcome! I'm glad that you found the video informative. Plenty more Tea Science videos on the way :) Thank you for watching and commenting.
Happy New Years,
- Dylan
Thanks a lot.
This video was AMAZING! I have been drinking tea my whole life but just found out about puer tea and stumbled across your video while trying to learn more about it. Thanks for sharing some of the science - I found it super interesting!! How did you learn so much about tea?
Very informative thank you
This video was awesome thank you. I've subscribed and looking forward to going through the older ones.
Great, thank you! If you liked this one you might also like Chapter 6 of the Masterclass, titled "How Drinking Tea Helps the Brain, Microbiome, [...]". Let me know if you have any questions! 😊🤘🌱🍵
I've been taking notes as I go while watching, because I tend to forget what I wanted to ask after I watch...
1. Is the study about Shu or Sheng or both? If only aged sheng - how old is the threshold? You mentioned casually "ripe puer or aged raw puer", explained processing of both, but quotes from a study only mentioned "puer", plus as far as I've learnt those two are pretty different from each other...
2. Anti-hypeglycaemic properties - lowering spikes in blood surar after a meal: I noticed that I don't get hit by a post-dinner coma on days I brew shu puerh right after. Is it just that thing in action?
3. If one drinks tea only after a meal, does it really act so instatntly to affect the process of digesting the food just eaten? Breaking it down to the stage of lipid absorption may take long, but sugar level fluctuations are rather quick... Isn't it more like "regular puer consumption changes your metabolism to be better at dealing with fat/sugar"? The layman knowledge would be more that "there's no magic pill, natural remedies work only as prevention, and used over extended periods of time"...?
Hi Agata, thanks for the questions! I've tried my best to answer each one below;
1. You're correct that Raw and Ripe Puer have very different chemical compositions. The REVIEW article encompassed studies on both Raw and Ripe Puer, and goes into great detail on some of the chemical differences between those two. The original RESEARCH article (which was reviewed WITHIN the review article) that discovered the MECHANISM of antihyperlipidemia effects in humans (involving gut microbiota and bile acid sensing) actually just used concentrated theabrownins extracted from Puer tea rather than Puer tea liquor or Puer tea extracts.
2. Your relative lack of FOOD COMA (I love this phrase haha) after meals that were followed by Puer Tea consumption MAY be explained (at least in part) by the anti-hyperglycaemic effects of Puer Tea. Additionally, however, you can't ignore the possible role of CAFFEINE in Puer, which has well known psycho-stimulatory effects that could play a role in alleviating post-prandial comatose, also known as FOOD COMA. Here's a thought... see if you can't think of a mouse experiment that would be able to clarify the different relative contributions of caffeine versus theabrownins towards increasing energy levels after a high-sugar meal. We can test your hypothesis!
3. The evidence that I have reviewed seems to suggest that there are effects of Puer intake that ARE immediate enough to affect sugar/fat absorption during digestion, which is not to say that it is a magic bullet. As a hypothetical example, Puer + Big Mac may decrease your fat/sugar uptake from the cheeseburger by 15/20% compared to Big Mac alone... however there is still 80/85% of a greasy cheeseburger sliding through you, and the relevant downstream negative effects on health would still apply (so... helpful, but not a silver bullet). In addition to these "short-term" effects on digestion, however, there is evidence to support more long-term effects of regular Puer intake on innate metabolic function (as you alluded to). One example of this that I mentioned in the video is the effects of Puer Tea consumption on the gut microbiome. Altering the composition of gut microbial communities does not occur immediately after consuming Puer, but rather is a shift that occurs over the scale of weeks and months. Once shifted, however, the effects of a healthier gut microbiome can be profound and long-lasting (even when Puer Tea wasn't consumed in the immediate past). For example, reduced populations of microbial communities that degrade primary bile acids into secondary bile acids (the effect of Puer Tea cited in the video) implies that even when Puer Tea was NOT consumed in recent hours (or even days), your microbiome and innate digestive sensing systems are ALREADY positioned at a relatively more cholesterol-catabolic (blood fat-degrading) baseline.
I hope these responses were helpful :)
Thank you again for watching and commenting - Don't hesitate to reach out again with more questions/comments/thoughts.
Happy New Years,
- Dylan
That was a beautiful explanation! A thoroughly enjoyable video.
Wow 🤩 so cool.
I bought a box of Puer tea cause they were out of barley and when I googled the benefits it sounded good. Now that I listen to this deep dive I am so happy to have found this tea and will drink more for my Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) & liver disease diagnosis.
Thanks a lot please keep more deep dive information coming. Your channel is absolutely appreciated.
Just order some puerh tea. I was so happy to find your video. Informative and fun to watch. You are awesome my brother.
Gotchu brother! Glad you liked it, and enjoy the Pu! Shoot me DM on ig if you have questions/comments 🫶🌱☕️
Well done my friend.
Thanks Edward! Glad you liked it 😊 More on the way... 🍵🌱
I really loved this thank you 🌿💚
Thanks, I just downloaded this paper and on vacation...excited to read this!!!
Great!! Let me know what you think 😊🌱🍵
Love learning the deeper scientific parts of tea! Thank u for the breakdown 🤓🌸
I like this channels I am so glad I found it!
I'm glad you found it too! Thanks for watching 🤗🌱🍵
Very informative. I too am kind of a tea geek. I'm definitely not an expert but enjoy many types and am interested in their health benefits. I have been into jiaogulan in the last year and have discover the Thai variety is much sweeter, less bitter then the cheaper Chinese variety found in Canada where I am. Regarding pu erh, I've read some articles on the tea, linking it to firmer skin. These articles don't go into detail on how it achieves this. Have you heard of this phenomenon relating to puerh? If so, I'd be interested in hearing your thoughts. Good day.
Thanks for sharing your thoughts @Dieshelmon.
There are a number of of researches suggesting that tea polyphenols can generally help to improve skin health through a variety of mechanisms, including the regulation of epidermal growth factors and the amelioration of skin photo-aging (skin cells exposed to UV radiation), through the free radical-scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects of tea polyphenols. However, in regards to skin FIRMNESS specifically, I am not sure. I am not an expert in skin health, and I do not really know how the element of firmness per se plays into the greater picture of skin health. However, if I were to speculate, I would say that Raw Puer Tea, which is highly abundant in tea catechins, would confer considerable anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, which, if consumed regularly over one's lifetime, would result in significant net reduction in skin damage caused by daily oxidative insults such as UV, air pollution, inflammatory food items, etc., and at the end of the day, that might present itself as less damaged, healthier, (firmer?) skin. That is my speculation, however I could not find any research articles specifically mentioning skin firmness in relation to tea phytonutrients. Let me know if you find anything, and I will take a look and maybe make a video about it!
Thanks :)
@@wumountaintea Hey, thanks for your reply! I think your right about the catechins or polyphenols being the nutrients in pu erh that would be responsible for skin health. Other articles mentions skin's elasticity being protected by drinking it. As you refer to it having some UV protecting qualities, this is probably where they relate the tea to benefiting skin. High levels of UV exposure from the sun can damage the collagen in our skin which over time can give the skin a saggy wrinkled look. So I guess having some UV protection in turn might help with protection of collagen which would protect the skins elasticity, thus keeping your skin "firmer". Not sure how much effect Pu erh tea would have on this but every little bit helps I guess lol.
Thank you so much for sharing this wonderful information
Such a good video
Are you familiar with the Brown Betty Tea Pot. Really great for brewing Breakfast tea.
Watching from Africa! Thank you for this!!!!
Have you done one on Rooibos / Red bush tea ( South African)
I enjoyed this a lot more than I thought I would. Thank you
These videos are so great! It would be really interesting if you could do a video comparing/contrasting the health benefits of the different tea types and even strains (?) of a given tea type (e.g., green tea type A vs green tea type B).
I'm guessing that the healthiest move is to consume a variety of teas.
Another question - does it matter when you drink the tea (e.g., for lowering blood sugar, do you need to drink tea at the same time as when you eat the glucose containing food)?
awesome detailed video! Thanks man!
Glad you liked it! Thanks for watching :)
Very interesting , I drink all tea's , not so much green.
The "good" effects are always highlighted BUT , are there any "not so good" / bad effects?
Thanks for the comment Robert. Regarding the potential negative effects of Puer Tea - caffeine could potentially pose an issue due to its effect on sleep latency when consumed too late in the day. That is the only NATURALLY-occurring Puer Tea compound that you should be wary of. Beyond that, all teas (or any agricultural product) have the potential for contaminants from agro-chemical applications (insecticides, fungicides and herbicides). The best way to avoid exposure to such chemicals would be to buy organic. Lastly, heavy metals have been detected in Puer tea samples, however such elements only accumulate within OLD tea leaves positioned further down the plant - they do not accumulate in young leaves and buds. Therefore, avoid buying low-grade Dark Teas, as these are typically produced from older leaf material (which you can identify by feeling the infused leaves - old leaves are rough and coarse to the touch), while higher grade Dark Teas are produced from buds and young leaves. In summary, the potential health risks associated with Puer Tea intake are largely avoidable by choosing higher end, organic Puer and drinking at times of the day that will not affect your sleep schedule.
Hopefully this answered your question, and I greatly appreciate your concern for consumer health. Please don't hesitate to reach out with other tea questions you might encounter.
Best,
Dylan
So cool. I got a super good deal on 2 100 pack boxes of Puerh tea bags at grocery outlet. I know it’s not the fancy cake kind but I drink it to support my liver.
Nice! Take the deals when you get 'em 👌 and let me know if you feel like trying something else 🌱🍵 Thanks for watching and commenting 🤗🤘
Great!!!
Excellent video sir! Thanks 😊
very good video. only thing is that cholesterol is not the problem. LDL, HDL, trig ratios reflects your metabolism just like body temp and blood pressure. lowering it is not the main gold. getting the ratios optimal naturally is the best way.
Thank you Robert! Lipid metabolism is one of my favorite topics in medical research. I agree with you that the objective of "lowering cholesterol" is an inaccurate, and at best, incomplete, metric if the goal is to reduce risk of death from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). From the research I have reviewed, the most critical blood lipid metric for reducing risk of death from ASCVD appears to be apoB concentration, that is the quantity, or particle count, of LDL molecules in the blood. I have been convinced (for the time being) that apoB is the best metric for quantifying ASCVD risk after reading the work of Alan Sniderman (recent work linked below). Feel free to take a look, and if you have resources on this topic that you think I should review, please send them. Thanks for watching and commenting ☺🌱🍵
Research Article: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33870931/
Podcasts with Sniderman discussing his findings: peterattiamd.com/allansniderman/
@@wumountaintea yes. Agree. Useful sources are below. Dr Paul mason n low carb from under have a lot of good lectures. Dr Jack kruse his videos n site. His site has so much on everything. Dr william Davis has good videos so does dr David diamond. Lipid heart hypothesis on atherosclerosis theory is totally debunked already. Atherosclerosis is the result of body trying to repair not the other way around. Like blaming Firemen at the site of fire.All fake n junk science. Dr tom Cowan on bitchute is the ultimate. He debunked the entire rockerfeller big Pharm scam. We can use simple lipid panel to tell the state of metabolism wo going into nmr lipoprofile panel. High trig to hdl ratio meaning defect in fat burns. High LDL is associated w good immunity bc you have more lipoproteins to carry fat nutrients hence have good fat burns. Heart uses 85% of energy from fat. The rabbit trails lead to more rabbit holes. The whole dr Jason fung Movement onfasting is going strong.
I cant wait foe my order of wu mountain tea to come in! This video is so informative and interesting! I love to hear about the health benefits from different types of teas, Thank you so much!!!
All new to this tea stuff, been watching a few of these videos, which are very informative, I am mostly interested in the medicinal and health benefits, so I just ordered a brick of Pu-erh tea, around 16 year old. think this is a good place to start pretty sure it's a step up from store bought tea bags.
Dude that was a dope presentation 🎉
Thanks OG!! Glad it clicked for ya 👌☕️🌱
Definitely earned the subscription
Great video!
Thanks! Glad you liked it 🌱🍵🙏
What's the best brand of fuerte to purchase
Awesome well done' Most videos I do not watch to the end. You never lost my interest,
Theabrownin...I like it...
Theabrownin is a keeper 👌🌱☕😄
What is the recommended daily dose of pu-erh in grams using the gongfu method for steeping?
Love your explanation, even if you did fluster yourself. Love all your classes on tea. I did not know most of the stuff. Have always enjoyed tea. Although the Pu Erh process reminds me of my mulch piles a week after the tree man drops it off. Love the fermented fragrance and steam as I'm shoveling and barrowing it around. I suppose the tea would turn to ash if not monitored properly.
Thanks for this thorough review. I'm just learning about Pu-erh tea and resins. But you answered my question about the difference between raw and ripe (fermented). Sounds like ripe is what I need. :D I am concerned about the dirt taste. I want the benefits, but I need to be able to drink it. What can you tell me about the taste and how do you drink it? Thanks
ahhhh the dirt taste, yes. that's pretty common in the ripe puer world. what you need is just a high quality organic ripe puer - those are going to be much more sweet and triple chocolatey in flavor and a lot less dirt-like. I have the perfect one for you right here: wumountaintea.com/product/organic-ripe-puer/
In terms of how to drink it, ripe puer is actually the hardest tea to mess up. you just need boiling hot water and to infuse the leaves for at least a few minutes. depending on how long you steeped the tea the first round you can do anywhere from 2-4 re-infusions of the same leaves.
Let me know if you have any other questions!
Dylan
awesome!
You went deep for this one, my dude. Would give 3 thumbs up if possible. 👍👍👍
What kind of theobrownin content does aged white tea contain in comparison to an aged sheng puerh?
Of course this depends mainly on the age of the aged sheng and aged white. No research has addressed this specific question yet, however my guess would be that theabrownin contents in Sheng and in White Tea increase at comparable rates over time, i.e. 20 year old White and 20 year old Sheng would have comparable theabrownin contents. That's my guess. Thanks for watching and engaging with all of these interesting questions! 🙏🌱🍵
I really enjoy your videos. I gave you a thumbs up plus a few more here...👍👍👍
At 4:03 you say "human" but the text says "hooman". Was this a test to see if we were paying attention?
Thirsty for more Puer info? Sip on this little blog piece I brewed up 🌱☕: wumountaintea.com/2021/10/12/what-is-puer-tea/
Starting to drink some now in hopes my Dad will tell me that he loves me :'D
excellent - keep me posted andrew
I was very let down to not find a fax number in the description as promised. In all seriousness though, great content as usual.
Great vid. I dig your editing. "subscribed" ps I farm tea in NC
Thanks for another great video, Dylan! I think we have a few cakes of Puer tea lying around so maybe it's time to give them another try. It's probably our least favorite kind of tea, but my wife suspects that the vendor might have improperly stored the cakes and that might be why.
Thanks Alexander! Ripe Puer can definitely be an acquired taste... but if you taste or smell mold there could have been improper storage and I wouldn't recommend drinking it. Far too many good teas out there to be drinking ones you don't like! Keep me posted :)
Cheers,
Dylan
@@wumountaintea Okay, we tried one of the Puer teas again yesterday and I don't think there's any mold. To me, It has a bit of a medicinal taste, which is why I was put off the first time I tried it. However, after three or four sips my mouth got used to it and it was actually pretty good -- and if it lowers cholesterol, all the better. I still prefer a good Oolong, though. Thanks again!
Just reviewing this video because I'm ready to break a Pu-erh tea. BTW, how are you? Hope you are well. It woudl be great to see you in a new video; you are so informative. Be Well!
For us non-geeky folks, could you plz explain in under 2 minutes "What it is - What it does - How we benefit from it" (e.g. weight loss)? Brought down to a 5th grade level summary, you could white board it and reach a much broader audience. Just a thought. Great information though, well done!
Thanks for the informative video. Keep em coming! I’m venturing into teas for health purposes and I enjoy drinking “fancy” drinks. Currently replacing my fancy sugary drinks with teas. 😂
Subscribed yoooooo....!!!!!
More pu-erh processing videos!
Your Awesome Dude!! I was in total wonder and awe of the magic of pu-erh tea when I first discovered it 2 years back..No other tea is as Therapeutic and Solace- bringing to me 💚🙏
Can you recommend a good delicious puer tea 🍵 send link please
0:58 I think the word you are looking for is Comprehensive
interesting gigantic gaiwan
what I have large hands!! 👋🙄👋 🙃😂☕
@@wumountaintea aaaaah. Men with their large hands and large gaiwans....
Whoever the editor is who adds in these text comments (I'm guessing it's Dylan 😅) is hilarious.
You guessed right Abdullah!! 😂 haha thanks man, I was having too much fun with those 😜 I saw you commented on some other videos too, I’m going back through now to reply where I can 🤙🌱🍵
- Dylan
Ikr!! 😂💕
“bills win the super bowl” 🙃
The “dad says I love you son” really broke me
Queens uber driver Habib xD Great vid man
Shoutout Habib !!! haha, Thanks for watching and commenting my man :)
Give your some credit...some of us have an extra BS in Chemistry, and used to be the Facility electrical engineer at a 7M barrel brewery, with a certification from IBD just for fun. Some of us enjoy this stuff.
Doesnt berberine do the same thing
Trying to understand as my bf spent more than 50k usd for puerh
You might need more than a Pu-erh expert to work that out between you two 😂😜. Must be pretty good tea though, no?
@@wumountaintea better be. Haha My bf is chinese and im not. So i hope he knows better 🤷🏼♀️ as long as he is happy, why not. According to him, people offered him to buy the tea in his possession. So i assume should be good ones? Im clueless haha
Man that was a good explanation 👏 ... my question and hopefully in that study is addressed ? would be for the young raw puerh drinkers out there ... the tea being more like green tea in its benefits I'd believe but I am sure the divergence in the wok frying and steam processing probably starts a whole new chemical reaction and I'd love to hear a stage by stage health benefits model as it ages ... raw freaks gotta know I guess 🤷 I'll try and give that study a read tho thanks
Thanks for the comment Herb.
There's kind of two questions in there if I'm understanding you correctly; #1 is the differences created by Green Tea steaming Vs. Raw Puer Wok Firing. #2 is how the bioactive compounds in Raw Puer evolve and change over time, and how those age-associated changes create teas with different effects on human health.
I'll start with question #1: Some differences we know for sure. Total catechin content, especially gallated catechins (EGCG, ECG, GCG), are going to be significantly higher in the green tea than the Raw Puer because of more complete denaturation of the tannase enzymes with higher-heat steaming. Right off the bat that would suggest more total antioxidant capacity of the Green Tea compared to Raw Puer. Total catechin content and composition therefore is likely going to be the biggest difference the two tea types. Caffeine won't change much. Amino acids won't change much (or maybe some would!). Polysaccharides will likely differ significantly, but we know much less about those. HERES THE IMPORTANT PART THOUGH (in my opinion): While you can run this experiment and see what happens, in reality Green Teas and Raw Puers are almost never made from the same cultivars or grown in the same climates. They are sometimes, but the vast majority of Green Teas in the world today are small- or medium-leaf cultivars from more northern latitudes, while Raw Puers are exclusively large leaf from Yu-know-where. This means that whatever differences might arise during processing (Steaming vs. Wok Firing) only represents a small fraction of total differences between the two teas due to different genetics and growing conditions. To sum, you COULD run an experiment to identify the differences between the same batch of leaves used to make either Green OR Raw Puer, and that experiment would be interesting - I would love to see it - almost certainly more catechins in the Green Tea, but what else would we find? Who knows. Let's do it. BUT, this experiment would not be highly representative of most Green Tea Vs. Raw Puer comparisons due to the typical genetic- and climate-based differences between these teas.
Question #2 has been studied a bit before - its a fairly simple experiment. Like I mentioned before, one of the major changes with age is going to be that gallated catechins (EGCG, GCG, etc.) go down, Gallic Acid increases, amino acids will decrease a bit with age too. You can check out this abstract if you want, and there's others out there like it; www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0023643820309038
In terms of health effects, it all depends on the experimental model. For example, the younger Raw Puer, with more EGCG and greater antioxidant capacity, would likely be more protective of animals exposed to highly oxidative agents (maybe cigarette smoke or air pollution). But the older Puers have unique bioactive molecules of their own that might be relatively more protective/beneficial under a different experimental model.
Anyway, I like where your heads at. Let's keep in touch about Raw Puer stuff, and I'll try to send you interesting new articles when I come across them.
Best,
Dylan
Tottay that sounds wicked... reading this stuff is awesome...it would be great to one day see a good split in information on ripe and raw benefits right off the bat in a Google searche one day ... mainly I only ever find ripe benefits... but no real complaints when my cup is full of either treasure anyways ... yes send me any and all articles on the subject that would make my day thank you .
Dude I love you right now! That explanation was so concise! Very useful information while I drink my nightly mug of pu er ^_^
where is the fax number?
I did not expect a bills mafia tea lover this is news
I clicked on this because the guy is cute. Then realized that’s why I did it. And then I spilled the tea on these events.
Pu-er helps poo-out cholesterol?
Too bad you don’t ship to Canada.
Sorry about that :/ If you message me next time you head south of the border I'll ship some out to you :)
Does it makes acid reflux worst like heart burn?😁
So I briefly searched online for the causes of acid reflux/heart burn, and I found that sometimes the cause is unknown, however there can also be certain instigators like such as coffee, tomatoes, alcohol, chocolate, fatty or spicy foods, being overweight, smoking, pregnancy, or stress and anxiety.
In terms of tea consumption, I don't think there would be a problem as long as you do not brew the tea too overly strong. Extremely strong tea can be acidic, and the high caffeine levels can also trigger a stress response in some people. However, with less leaf and shorter infusion times (a lighter tea brew), I think that the tea would not exacerbate the problem and perhaps might even help.
Let me know if you have any issues!
Best,
Dylan
@@wumountaintea thanks Dylan, then I will just pour a hot water? on the dried leaves of pu erh then it will be safer for those who have heart burn/acid. Reflux patient. Thanks for your answer 😁🙏❤️
@@marielcarreon3584 That's right, just use less leaf - Don't make the tea too strong - this will be best. Keep in touch 🤗❤🍵
@@wumountaintea thanks much, I will try when I am done with my treatments bec I am having a Traditional Chinese herbal Medicine recommended by a Chinese doctor, that where I bought the Pu erh tea I hope it will really suites with my GERD🙏❤️
@@marielcarreon3584 Hey I found this podcast today about fighting acid reflux that you could check out, let me know what you think 🤗🌱🍵💚 podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-doctors-farmacy-with-mark-hyman-m-d/id1382804627?i=1000584578992
👍
🙌🍵🌱🫶
Half expected to actually find that fax number :(
lollll XD @TheYashie ... my bad! I might actually look into buying a fax machine haha, that could be fun :p
@@wumountaintea Haha are they even on the market these days?
@@TheYashie maybe only in antique shops XD
We really don't need sound effect on screen 🙂
This guy is a hottie and talking about tea makes him hotter.. love listening to him..
😂🌱🙏🍵
Freak. Stay in the closet.
I have some (a large amount) that I have had in a dry and cool place for over ten years now. It smells fantastic and I’m ready to sell. I bought it from China when it was less popular. 🎉🎉🎉
My ancestors hometown in Chaozhou .... family can go bankrupt drinking this :P It's very tasty but I have not read any scientific proof it's good for health. like green or white tea. But ancient chinese I was told uses the tea to clean greasy dishes...emulsification. Not sure if it can be translated to cleansing the intestines.
This was an awesome explanation. Great work and thank you for sharing the knowledge. Will drink a nice cup of pu'er to it 🍵
Omg father and me surely need this O.O Idc about my step bro.. tried to be nice and he false accuse me, so even tho he got diebities too and dont care to do anything healthy I keep to self and father! Humph!.. maybe mother?.. Idk! Anyway thx dude for all the teachings! Learned so much today! 😊
There is no fax number in the description. Disappoint.
He said more than two words, I will sue for false advertising.
I heard lot damn words bro 😅
i am not a taxi driver
Martin Scott White Daniel Wilson Sandra