How I would learn DE and HET (if I could start over)
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 4 ก.ค. 2024
- Learning when to use "de" and "het" correctly is easily one of the biggest challenges for anyone starting out with Dutch. Here's how I would study it if I could do it all over again!
// LINKS
🔗 Learn Dutch with Bart de Pau - 1000 Most Common Words in Dutch
• Learn Dutch Online: 10...
🔗 Stephen Krashen's Theory of Second Language Acquisition
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_h...
// TABLE OF CONTENTS
00:00 How I would learn DE and HET (if I could start over)
00:36 Tip #1
03:20 Tip #2
05:56 Tip #3
// ABOUT ME
Hi, I'm Danielle 🇨🇦 and I learned how to speak Dutch while living in the Netherlands for the last 4 years. I like to share my knowledge, tips & tricks, and best resources so you can be on your way to mastering the Dutch language! For more, check out diydutch.com.
Two things that help a lot: one, a compound noun always has the same de/het as its last part. So "de man" means "de timmerman", "de brandweerman" etc etc. "Het boek," therefore "het werkboek," "het studieboek" etc. Two, words ending in the same suffix always share the same article ("de" or "het"). So "de boeking" therefore "de vereniging," "de werking," "de poging" etc. And "het stelsel," "het schepsel" etc. Note that "suffix" does not mean "last letters": it's "HET ding" because in "ding," "ing" is not a suffix.
Like German.
@@boxsterman77 well ... Dutch and German are from the same family..... like distant cousins. 🤔
Geweldige uitleg. Ik heb het meteen gebruikt in mijn NT2 klas.
Nog een aanvulling op de boerderijdieren: indien niet duidelijk wat het geslacht is: HET (rund, paard, varken, schaap, kuiken).
Indien duidelijk wat het geslacht is: DE (koe, stier, merrie, hengst, ruin, zeug, beer, ooi, ram, kip, hen, haan).
Grappig dat dat weer niet geldt voor huisdieren. (De hond, de teef, de reu, de kat, de poes, de kater).
My advice is combining the 75% "de" and 1000 words system: only learn the most important "het" words. Then, if you want to use a word you don't know it is probably a "de" word.
Oh, and second advice: don't be afraid to make mistakes, Dutch people will help you, they really appreciate you are trying to speak Dutch and because of the directness will correct you. Not because they want to be rude but because they want to help.
As a native Dutch speaker, I first realized that “deze” (this) en “die” (that) go with “de”, whereas “dit” and “dat” go with “het” when I moved to Amsterdam, came in frequent contact with non-native speakers and noticed their mistakes.
If you want to read the weatherforecast, you will need to know the word Neerslag. You will hear this much chance for sun or rain in it a lot too, but kans op neerslag will be a good one to know.
When I was learning Dutch, watching English language programs with subtitles was an enormous help. I not only learned words and grammar but also the spelling.
There are more rules. Look at the end of a word. If it ends on -ing and is derived from a verb, it is a female noun, so 'de'. Like de vergadering from vergaderen. Anything ending on -tie, corresponding with english -tion is female too, so again 'de'. Like de relatie. If you turn an adjective into a noun with the suffix -te it's 'de'. Like hoog, de hoogte, leeg, de hoogte. Like I said, there are many more of these (easy) rules.
Very accurate!
Two comments:
1. Farm animals aren't really an exception (as far as the aticles go). The species go with 'het' and the male and female animals names go with 'de'.
2. Every good text book has a frequency word list in the back or on its accompanying website. Also, you can find lists with the most frequent Dutch words on the internet.
Excellent hints!
as a dutch i learned something new today :) we love our uitzonderingen
As a Dutch?
@@howardtreesong4860 a dutch person yeah :)
Great advice! Also, i love the editing in your videos.
This great advice! I can especially attest to the brain learning by just being exposed to and in the midst of native Dutch conversations . Thanks for your amazing videos 😊
Excellent video again ! 👍
As a native Dutchie , I hope we get rid of the word " het " ,
and only use " de" in future , to make the Dutch language simpler .
As in English .. without exception , it s always " the " .
I love your videos and am so thankful to you for introducing me to Bart du Pau's channel. It helped boost my Dutch skills in a short time.
I’m so glad! 🤗
I like words for which "de" or "het" may be correct depending on the meaning of the word, preferrably also depending on the context. punt 😊
As an example for anyone thinking "huh?": usually "the salt" is "het zout". However, "Could you pass me the salt?" could be said as "Kun je me de zout aangeven?" (athough "het" definitely also works here.)
An example from yet another category is PORTIER. There is two of those: one with the plural portieren and one with portiers. They each carry different articles.
A third category are words where the Dutch themselves are undecided. I mean words like koffer en aanrecht. I do not know the precise percentages, but some native speakers would use het, others de for these words.
A fourth category are foreign (English) words like Survey. These have no ‘natural’ gender (since they are not part of the Dutch system) so basically anything goes!,
De pad/het pad. Het idee/de idee.
As a native Dutch speaker I forgot about that Het is for diminitives. Ofcourse I use the words correct, but now I am more conscious of the rules that I am actually using.
As a Dutch person I don't even know these rules. I've got most things memorized.
👍👏🖒👏👍 Goed gedaan!!!
This has nothing to do with the video, but you are the first expat/foreighner who i’ve heard pronounce th “ui” correctly. That seems to be very difficult for most.
It's a diphthong, so technically it's made up of two different sounds that _do_ appear in some other languages, but the full sound itself is literally only used in Dutch. So it's pretty difficult
@@IkkezzUsedEmber Even the sound of the Dutch "u" (or "uu") does not appear in many other languages, certainly not in English.
In the English language, the comparable sound is more like "oe".
@@Rob2 haha, yeah maybe you're right. My mind immediately went to Classical Latin and Ancient Greek "y" which is pretty much pronounced the same, but those languages are dead
Edit: though I guess the vowel sound in french "cul" is pretty similar
My tutor at Leiden Uni (where I had Dutch lessons) showed us how to form the correct mouth-shape for ''ui''. Most people pronounce it the same as ''au'', but there is a subtle difference. 🙂
@@TheCloggydoggy it's a /œ/ into a /y~w/ I believe. While _some_ languages have the /œ/ phoneme, It's still extremely rare, and if anything it's rather close to a schwa, maybe a bit closer to the english strut vowel which is honestly a very odd to have as an accented vowel isntead of a 'neutral', less pronounced vowel like schwa itself usually is.
Hahahaha, so funny to hear as a Dutch guy. I say it automatically and had no idea that there were rules
But I also just know it for words that are new to me.
I don't know about the rules (if any) in Dutch, but in English there is a rule about the order of eight types of adjectives. No one ever studies these. The rules are quite extensive. And every native English speaker knows these rules, most of them just don't know that they know them.
The order is--
Quantity or number (e.g., many, three, a bunch etc.).
Quality or opinion (e.g, terrible, wonderful, broken etc).
Size (huge, small, tiny etc).
Age (old, ancient, new).
Shape (round, rectangular, square).
Color
Proper adjective (often nationality, other place of origin, or material)
Purpose or qualifier
Of course, you don't have to expend 8 adjectives to modify a given noun, but,, when you use any more than 1, you must follow this rule.
I cannot say "I'd like old, one vase, please." I have to (and will) say "I'd like one old vase, please.'
When I first learned of this rule, I was amazed how effortlessly I applied it. To violate this rule just sounded like someone playing a wrong note on the piano.
Does Dutch also have this rule?
www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/adjectives/order-of-adjectives
@@boxsterman77 Initially I wanted to say we have the same order, but I could come up with all kind of exceptions where you can use an alternative order, in those cases the emphasis changes, the first word becomes more important.
“On a plane, On the bus, In a car” when you can stand in it, you are “on” it.
So it should be on a car? Especially when we're talking about SUV's are any other ridiculous big car?
@@user-xi6nk4xs4s we call it “autobesitas” .
And here we are sitting in the train and in India they are sitting on the train.
Het bepaald lidwoord het wordt gebruikt bij enkelvoudige onzijdige zelfstandige naamwoorden; de in combinatie met enkelvoudige vrouwelijke en mannelijke zelfstandige naamwoorden en met meervoudsvormen van zowel het-woorden als de-woorden.
Another tip from a native dutch speaker: words related to new technologies always take 'de', such as de computer, de drone, etc. Het is therefore losing its importance ...
6:18 Made me realize I'd probably say "in the train" as well 😆But I guess that's just part of starting to get reasonably fluent in English in my 30s. This is when I had to speak English at work and for me (but I think it applies to anyone) there was a vast difference in learning a language (mostly) passively from tv, school, college (although that improved my writing a lot), etc. compared to having to actively speak it full working days (and outside of working hours when some colleagues became friends).
Good thing though most people I work with are non-natives as well so we all make different mistakes and to me it's actually fascinating to notice the difference in mistakes we make, but also the similarities (and then sometimes learning that your languages have something in common that English doesn't have).
Bij het leren van Nederlands door het luisteren naar anderen en het lezen wat anderen schrijven moet je natuurlijk wel oppassen dat die anderen wellicht ook fouten maken.
Vroeger kon je er vanuit gaan dat als je iets in de krant las of op radio en tv hoorde het altijd wel correct Nederlands was, maar tegenwoordig hebben de media andere aannamecriteria en zie je steeds vaker afschuwelijke taalfouten in hun publicaties.
Never care if you use wrong article when you speak if it makes you NOT to speak. Detail is important but in the same time the lack of detail is as well.
So very true!!
I really like what you are doing, thanks! Two more tips, if I may, from my own experience: 1 languages (or words) of the same origin have the same gender for the same nouns - ie if you know the gender of a noun in German for example, there is a high probability it is the same in Dutch. 2 - This ties is with what you say in the end: memorizing short phrases, as opposed to just a noun out of context, will help a lot, ex remembering 'in dit geval' is not only useful for knowing this turn of phrase but will help you know that geval is a het word. Easier to remember than whether it is a het or de word!
Man I had no idea you were such a small channel until I noticed your sub count. TH-cam promotes your videos aggressively in my algorithm, and your videos look very well produced, so I had assumed you were much bigger! Anyway, groetjes van een native speaker :)
Yep I’m a total newbie! But thanks to many curious Dutch speakers, it seems like my videos were launched into the algorithm in full force haha. Thanks for stopping by :)
There are some rules that work in German and French but also in Dutch. For example words ending on -ie (ion in French/German) and ing (ung in German) are always feminine and therefore “de” in Dutch. De positie, de munitie, de vereniging, de verzekering etc. Works 100% of the time as far as I am aware.
99%, because it's het station (although the same word is feminine in both French and German)
@@gladiool88no this is not an exception as station does not end on “ie” so my rule does not apply. Same as stadion. I think this comes from the Greek neutral ending “on” similar to “um” in Latin. But for words on “ie” I am not aware of on exception that these are always with “de”.
In Dutch all (but one) river names get "de". The exception is a small and short river that flows through Haarlem "het Spaarne". Never mind that, ALL others are "de". De Rijn, de Waal, de Lek, de Vecht, etc. All of them.
My bet is that very few people outside of Haarlem actually know this.
En er is het IJ.
Sounds like masculine and feminine words in French, it just is.
Thanks the advice. Looking forward for your next video 😃🤗
Manlijke en vrouwelijke zelfstandige naamwoorden hebben DE, onzijdige woorden hebben HET.
Het verschil tussen manlijke en vrouwelijk is nog te horen, als je ergens naar verwijst met HEM of HAAR. Maar dit verschil wordt steeds minder gebruikt...
Great analysis! Some Dutch have less knowledge of our own language than you do. I think that's (partly) because of the problems getting teachers in the schools. In Dutch we used to have (far before my time) male and female words, like in der and die German. Luckily those are now all "de-"words and now the only exceptions are the "het-"words (das in German). But there seem to be even regional variations. I come from Amsterdam and my wife comes from a rural area. I noticed last week my wife said "het deken", while I always say "de deken". Because my wife isn't illiterate at all, I begin to wonder if I'm wrong in saying de in this case. 🤔
When you search for "deken" in the Van Dale online dictionary, it gives both "de" and "het" as the article. I know there are other words like this too (e.g. matras, deksel, witlof). I wonder if this is due to the regional variations? Fascinating!
@@diydutchcom in fact, there is also another word de deken, being a roman catholic official ranking under the bishop. In English Dean. There are also dekens (deans) in the judicial system.
That's also how i learned German and English at a young age by watching television. So i know how it has to sound, but i don't know the rules! 🤷🏻♂️😎
I'm so glad we don't dub in the Netherlands! 🤘🏻✌🏼
Then there is dit, dat en deze. And then there is also things staan or liggen. So it's not only de and het.
That's why I try to not consciously use rules. I've learned two languages by just making a lot of mistakes and asking people to correct me when I'm wrong. Doesn't work for every language but at least Dutch doesn't have lists of verb conjugations for every gender.
You need to know them to say the correct THIS & THAT ! I just spent years saying dit , deze, dat and die randomly until my teacher told me the rule 😂
understandable. but its just so annoying when someone says that wrong. (i dont blame people that learned dutch) but people that are born in the netherlands also keep saying it wrong ITS SO ANNOYING
Thank you so much for another helpful video, Danielle! Out of curiosity, do you still have access to the Quizlet resources you used to memorize your vocabulary, or do you have any others that you would recommend? :)
Yes, I still have access! Send me an e-mail at info@diydutch.com and I can help you out ;)
@@diydutchcom wonderful, thank you SO much! I just sent you an email! :)
Ik ben zeer benieuwd hoe lang het wachten is totdat het NOS Journaal jouw een baan aan gaat bieden (gaat aanbieden mag ook hoor). 😘
jouw/jou? jou!
@@jirrenno Ik voel me nu een vreselijke sukkel want ik had er zelfs over 'nagedacht'; maar toch bedankt, er is hier inderdaad niets bezittelijk aan.
De beste tip is denk om het uberhaubt niet te leren. Op een gegeven moment gaat het vanzelf en het maakt ook niet uit als je het fout zegt.
1:30 Although I agree these kind of rules of thumb are somewhat arbitrary and most often incorrect because of exceptions, I don't think "het gras" is a good example here.
Gras (in this form) is plural, there's no such thing as "een gras". So it is already a bit of a special case (and maybe a more generic & helpful one to recognize as a pattern than if something is a fruit / animal etc.)
Ook Nederlanders twijfelen soms. Bij het eten kunnen ze vragen ‘Kun je me even de zout aangeven?’. Dat is feitelijk fout, want het is HET zout. Maar…. ze bedoelen dus DE zoutpot…….
It may be complicated for English speakers, but there are lots of other languages with even more complicated grammatical rules around articles and word gender (which is what it is based on)...
This is crucial! Both Romance AND Germanic languages have 2, 3 or even more categories of articles (de, het) while the Slav languages don’t use articles at all. So this is basically an ENGLISH-ONLY problem.
A complicating factor is that you also have to use the correct word to refer to the noun (the relative pronouns). E.g. Ik zag een meisje op straat (en) dat had een rode tas (and not “die had ..”. Sooo many Dutch people make mistakes here as well, so making mistakes which these relative pronouns or any other part of the grammar is no problem at all. Just speak, listen, read and repeat :)
Btw, I’m always impressed by how good your Dutch is. It’s not just the pronunciation, but also the fluency and overall how easy it seems to you. Obviously the result of hard work, but I think you just have a very keen ear for the different sounds. I bet you’re also able to distinguish the Dutch dialects.
I would naturally use 'zij had een rode tas'. This avoids the confusion.
Nederlanders die deze fout maken (de meisje, die had) hebben meestal een andere achtergrond waarin Nederlands niet hun moedertaal was.
1:49 but there’s the exception: de koe en de stier.
That is due to the fact that we know the gender of these animals: 'koe' (cow) is female therefore we say 'de koe' and 'stier' (bull) is definitely male so it is 'de stier'. But their baby is 'het kalf' for we don't know its specific gender.The species is called 'het rund'. Compare 'de ooi' (ewe), 'de ram' en 'het lam' - species 'het schaap'. Or 'de hengst' (stud), 'de merrie' (mare) en their offspring 'het veulen' - species 'het paard'. And now for the inevitable exception: a lady pig is 'de zeug' and her male counterpart is 'de beer', from the species 'het schaap' - but their child is 'de big'. Luckily most of the time we use the diminutive 'het biggetje'.
Of course 'zeug' and 'beer' and 'biggetje' are from the species 'het varken' - sorry.
I use the AI in my head. Grammar in Dutch is too much for me (and I am Dutch)
half of these people watching probably are Dutch
de zone van naaste ontwikkeling van Piaget
Vygotsky!
You are almost correct but you should not learn the 400 nouns, just the 100 "het" words.
Agreed, Dutch is not easy to learn.
Being (a 66 year old) Dutchy I once tried to get the logic on 'de' and 'het'.
One time I thought I was on to something: maybe gender specificness? The girl and the boy translate to "het meisje" and "de jongen"...
So... maybe French was useful here?
I gave up on the whole thing realizing that the woman and the man are "de vrouw" and "de man"...👴🤷♂
'Meisje' is a diminutive (verkleinwoord van 'meid') therefore: 'het meisje'.
Moeilijk 😢
I don't need to learn the language, I'm just here to look into those smoldering hot baby browns. Meow, she's gorgeous.
Also: her pronunciation of the language is great and I'm hearing a distinct Dutch twang in her voice.
Pro tip: all the effort you put into learning a language pays off ten fold. There is no 'useless effort', there's only learning nuances and more aspects of the language.
Read Dutch books, look up all the words you don't know in a translating dictionary. It'll take time. But, it gives you a sense of the language, the meter, expressions, grammar and vocabulary. This is the unconscious learning you're doing. Your brain will be picking up things you didn't know you were learning. That's why something like Duo lingo is nice for expressions and vocabulary, reading books by authors who are masters of the language is going to give you an advantage that's on the page although you don't see it.
Your brain is a fantastic machine and language is our most universally useful tool. We are here because we can 1: sweat [I'm not making a funny] 2: we have opposable thumbs 3: we can plan for the future and cooperate 4: we have developed languages. "I'm not good with languages" is a cop out. Language is one of the things you are supremely good at if you could bestir yourself to put in the effort.
When you can read a language and laugh at the jokes that are in there, or that you hear in films or on tv, there is nothing that is as satisfying because you then know that you've become good at that language.
you look and sound like Meghan markle :-)
Even as a native speaker i still get confused🥲