Circuit Troubles (Basic Circuits and Common Problems)

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 21 ก.ย. 2010
  • This applianceassistant.com video describes the three types of appliance circuits, the three main elements of an appliance circuit, and the three problems that can occur within an appliance circuit to cause your washer, dryer, refrigerator, or any other appliance to not work properly. I hope you like it! Let me know what you think and what I can do to better help you!
    For proper appliance repair training I recommend training.fredsappliance.com
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ความคิดเห็น • 228

  • @mmartinez3619
    @mmartinez3619 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    I didn't know Ray Romano knew so much about appliance repair. Thanks Ray!

  • @applianceassistant
    @applianceassistant  11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You are absolutely right! I have spent many hours scratching my head over a few control related issues... but for the most part (with appliances anyway) its generally pretty simple. Thanks for the post!

  • @applianceassistant
    @applianceassistant  5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Thanks for the question! Just today I was working on a whirlpool dryer, model number CAE2743BQ0. And the door switch was on the neutral side of the motor.

  • @applianceassistant
    @applianceassistant  13 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Thank You! I'm trying to learn some new production skills, I'm glad to hear you like it.

  • @eToguard
    @eToguard 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Extremely helpful; been researching about electricity lately. You have gather all of the key factors in a very short video. Thank you so much. Unfortunately, this video is clearly underrated.

  • @angelapierred6461
    @angelapierred6461 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I am so happy to find your channel!

  • @applianceassistant
    @applianceassistant  12 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Thank you for bringing up this point! We have AC and DC circuits in USA appliances. This is mainly about basic circuit structure, function, and failure. I didn't want to get to heavy into the the aspects of current flow this one. This was also a learning experience for me messing with a new animation program :) Thanks for the comment!

  • @frankmedina681
    @frankmedina681 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Short and sweet. Well done!

  • @ApplianceAdvice
    @ApplianceAdvice 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    Just wanted to say your videos are impressive, you have put sometime into them and they look good! Keep up the solid work friend!

  • @rileyrileyrileyriley761
    @rileyrileyrileyriley761 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Nice video, I appreciate the explanation!

  • @daminishrivastavakhosla6995
    @daminishrivastavakhosla6995 4 ปีที่แล้ว +24

    10 years and we are still using this video in science class, anyone end up over here because of online learning?

  • @audomaroregalado9457
    @audomaroregalado9457 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very easy form to teach the concepts, thanks again.

  • @applianceassistant
    @applianceassistant  10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks! That was a fun one to produce... took a while to make but learned a lot of new animation tricks : )

  • @franciscoceruti4379
    @franciscoceruti4379 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    VERY good video !!! - Thanks for taking the time to explain in such a clear way. I will check out the other videos and your site.

  • @CarlosBaldasso7
    @CarlosBaldasso7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for the explanation, very good!

  • @electriciandallastx9182
    @electriciandallastx9182 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for the thoughts you have discussed here.

  • @robertjenkins8630
    @robertjenkins8630 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This was awesome. Many thanks to you AA.com....

  • @applianceassistant
    @applianceassistant  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    @rituparno100 Thank you for your comment! I'm glad you enjoyed it! I love electronics as well, and I hope you stick with what you love! There is always a need for people who understand how all these gadgets that we use work!

  • @Aquariance01
    @Aquariance01 6 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    0:12 “OH NOO” 😂😂😂🤣🤣🤣🤣😭😭 why is that so funny to me?

  • @applianceassistant
    @applianceassistant  11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for the comment and repair tip! What was the appliance and model number you were working on?

  • @lordsiomai
    @lordsiomai 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    online college brought me here, and dang this was a great find!

  • @okimarobot1414
    @okimarobot1414 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Excellent video

  • @JayAP2024
    @JayAP2024 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    great video, old but very good none the less.

  • @abdulazimabdulaziz7371
    @abdulazimabdulaziz7371 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you very much sir it's a awesome tutoring i like it's very much.

  • @batonting
    @batonting 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great Video Man! Thanks! I subscribe immediately I believe I will learn a lot from your vids.

  • @irfanniazi6112
    @irfanniazi6112 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    very appreciated sir and very helpful

  • @applianceassistant
    @applianceassistant  11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Yes you are correct! I had to use a really heavy duty one in this animation for illustration purposes : ) They don't make em' like that any more!

  • @ShyboyMike
    @ShyboyMike 7 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    great video on explaining how circuits work,types of problems ,etc...but the most important thing is that your showing a switch on a neutral instead of the hot.this is a serious user safety concern.i have seen it many times on old and new house wiring.you can confuse a person by showing in your diagram that they will want to put the switch on the white wire which will always keep the device hot at all times.this is a non no.someone might accidentally touch the screw socket portion of the device and get shocked.always put a switch on the hot side of any device for safety.so someone won't assume that the socket,receptacle or appliance is off and then go touching it when the panel breaker or fuse is out or off.

    • @AmericanOne9621
      @AmericanOne9621 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I was wondering if this was going to be brought up....good job!!

  • @applianceassistant
    @applianceassistant  11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I 100% agree! Thanks for the comment!

  • @mikeck1
    @mikeck1 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    you're the best! thanks

  • @applianceassistant
    @applianceassistant  13 ปีที่แล้ว

    @slappyd1ck Thanks for the comment I'm glad you enjoyed it!

  • @danielteyehuago1633
    @danielteyehuago1633 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for sharing it with us

  • @malaysiancommenting
    @malaysiancommenting 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    thanks for the video!

  • @applianceassistant
    @applianceassistant  11 ปีที่แล้ว

    It's a great mobile tool! Thanks for the comment!

  • @FaresAlZamn
    @FaresAlZamn 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great vid .. thanks!!

  • @momdoan
    @momdoan 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    you are awesome thank YOU!

  • @emforu
    @emforu 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Well DONE !!!! Very funny!

  • @d4jmo
    @d4jmo 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video thanks guys

  • @ShadeCanopy
    @ShadeCanopy 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    Good video. I'm going to your website!

  • @hoyasilverlee4816
    @hoyasilverlee4816 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    easy to understand with this video

  • @RealationGames
    @RealationGames 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    You can replace PCB traces by soldering wires to them, if the traces are large enough.
    I've done it few times when surge has blew up the traces on some old machines that have plenty of room to solder a wire as a replacement.

  • @stanleykania7184
    @stanleykania7184 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for the video..

  • @applianceassistant
    @applianceassistant  9 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    Just updated the CC on this video so hopefully translated languages will make a little more sense!

    • @antonioarcano7989
      @antonioarcano7989 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      +applianceassistant Great video i juts graduated as a Electronic Tech. and you explain some stuff that so jac!@# professors that come from engineering backgrounds explain it in theory instead of in a practical know how.

    • @shandharsh4107
      @shandharsh4107 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      +applianceassistant I have spent months researching into circuits and found a great website at Gregs Electro Blog (google it if you are interested)

    • @aradithsolar3314
      @aradithsolar3314 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      My English is not that good but with the cc on i cud understand everything. thank you.

    • @pradipkarmakar1812
      @pradipkarmakar1812 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      U boy or girl

  • @carrilloreal
    @carrilloreal 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    awesome thank you for this video.

  • @Bylga
    @Bylga 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video =D

  • @Huffulufugus
    @Huffulufugus 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    hopefully this will help in my science class, lol, i have 2 days to finish a house and EVERY room stopped working. I'm 99% positive I have a shorted circuit, and I'll have to go through all my wiring, but now atleast I know what I should do. Thanks for the help

  • @joesmith5302
    @joesmith5302 5 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Good video but I'm a bit confused also b/c I too thought switch should be on hot side.

  • @TheTesseract2
    @TheTesseract2 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Elegant. Thanks

  • @UniverseCafe
    @UniverseCafe 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Impressive and well mad

  • @maxiepattie85
    @maxiepattie85 4 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    NO DISASSEMBLE JOHNNY 5!
    This just in: "Johnny Five *is* alive!"

  • @crashonthehumble
    @crashonthehumble 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Outstanding

  • @michaels8297
    @michaels8297 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you!!

  • @HaiderAli-nm1oh
    @HaiderAli-nm1oh 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    excellent!!

  • @typer600rr
    @typer600rr 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Just curious can you place the switch before the light bulb?

  • @m00shim
    @m00shim 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I'm liking this.

  • @trippleslots
    @trippleslots 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    A really good video .The problem is the switch should be on the black wire which is the hot conductor. You never switch the grounded conductor/white wire (slang neutral )

    • @applianceassistant
      @applianceassistant  7 ปีที่แล้ว

      In major appliances in it not uncommon to have the control switch on the neutral side of the circuit. Definitely good to clarify for home wiring though! Thanks for the comment!

  • @beckyleung7233
    @beckyleung7233 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    VERY GOOD

  • @derricksavoie2094
    @derricksavoie2094 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    i was tought that u can put black tape on the neutral at the beginning of the load and the switch if white

  • @robert420ism
    @robert420ism 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    I have a problem with light bulbs burning out in a certain area of the house. I have to replace light bulbs every 3 months. When they go dead they blink every 30 to 40 seconds by themselves. When I turn the switch on and off the flicker as well. Please help. Thank you!!

  • @rituparno100
    @rituparno100 12 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    your great i,m 15 and love electronics.You have increade this

    • @ryzen980
      @ryzen980 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      same here. i am 15 and i love to tinker with electronics. but by now u must be 23...

  • @sabinoespinoza9986
    @sabinoespinoza9986 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    So I replaced a switch light because it was doing a buzzing sound every time it switches to the ON position. So seems that the new switch fixed that buzzing problem; but now some lights won’t turn on, some others do.

  • @T3chBeatz
    @T3chBeatz 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks for the video - improved my understanding of these concepts. Clearly we as individuals would do further research to understand the topic fully. Shame to see people criticising free/useful knowledge? I guess it's much easier to add a negative comment (excuse the pun!) rather than to make your own educational video! Before anyone adds another lecture; if you think you can do it better, make your own video... #JustSaying

  • @bhuvanduwadi7090
    @bhuvanduwadi7090 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    outstanding

  • @freemanmoma4781
    @freemanmoma4781 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Why is the current going through the bulb 💡 before to go to the switch on your demos of how simple circuits are constructed. Isn’t it the other way around ?

  • @slycat8892
    @slycat8892 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Ok, confused, the diagram shows power going to the bulb, so if switch is off there is still power going to bulb. Resulting in a shock or arc flash...am I wrong ?

  • @desertdispatch
    @desertdispatch 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    good video

  • @applianceassistant
    @applianceassistant  11 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    When E is used in place of V it means "Electromotive Force" V for "Voltage" would have probably been a better choice for the video... Thanks for the question!

    • @onyxjasper2437
      @onyxjasper2437 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I dont mean to be so off topic but does anybody know a way to log back into an Instagram account..?
      I was stupid lost the login password. I would appreciate any tricks you can give me.

    • @levidemetrius6785
      @levidemetrius6785 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @Onyx Jasper instablaster ;)

    • @onyxjasper2437
      @onyxjasper2437 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @Levi Demetrius thanks for your reply. I found the site on google and im waiting for the hacking stuff now.
      I see it takes a while so I will get back to you later with my results.

    • @onyxjasper2437
      @onyxjasper2437 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @Levi Demetrius it worked and I finally got access to my account again. I'm so happy:D
      Thanks so much, you saved my account!

    • @levidemetrius6785
      @levidemetrius6785 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @Onyx Jasper Happy to help =)

  • @sbusweb
    @sbusweb 8 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    Why is your diagram drawn with switch in the neutral? these are surely now placed in the line conductor always, by wiring code?

    • @applianceassistant
      @applianceassistant  8 ปีที่แล้ว

      +sbusweb In major appliances the switch or relay is often placed on the neutral side of a circuit. With home wiring definitely. And I did use a light switch for illustration. The nice part about a switch being placed on the neutral side of a circuit is less component strain.

    • @eswing2153
      @eswing2153 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Alternating Current doesn’t care where a switch or relay is connected on either side of the load. Forget the code and look at the physics.

    • @thomasj2972
      @thomasj2972 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Never "forget the code" sigh

  • @samadi123
    @samadi123 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    thick you for video.

  • @DrStee
    @DrStee 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    I cannot find an answer to this anywhere. In the UK we have Line (230v) and Neutral (0v) and Earth (0v). I understand that the neutral is linked to earth so there is no difference in potential. However, what happens in you were to disconnect neutral from earth? You would then have 2 x 230v live connectors, the potential difference would be 0v but yet the circuit will still work??. I have an isolation transformer which has 2x 115v secondaries, if you wire them in series you will get 230v and both connections will be live. What actually happens when I ground one side of the transformer, where does the voltage from the once live connector go?? Will I then have a 230v connector and a 0v instead of 2x 115v? I want to know what actually happens to the voltage of a live connector when it is grounded

  • @applianceassistant
    @applianceassistant  13 ปีที่แล้ว

    @ShadeCanopy Thank You!

  • @josho5177
    @josho5177 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    great graphics

  • @daveb9370
    @daveb9370 7 ปีที่แล้ว +39

    Your diagram is wrong. The switch should be on the hot leg, not the neutral leg. Neutral should never be broken for safety.

    • @applianceassistant
      @applianceassistant  7 ปีที่แล้ว +10

      That may be true, however, in major appliances the relay is fairly commonly placed on the neutral side of the circuit. so that cannot be assumed when working on appliances.... I used a home light switch in the illustration because it would be difficult to animate a control relay. Thanks for pointing that out though!

    • @Dbdawg
      @Dbdawg 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Dave B I

    • @gruntgamingxp5170
      @gruntgamingxp5170 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Lmao noticed that right away the bulb will have continued load

  • @UnfaithfulSniper
    @UnfaithfulSniper 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I have that same torch soldering iron :)

  • @a7madbawolf
    @a7madbawolf 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    thanks a lot

  • @highcastle6326
    @highcastle6326 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    So I put a bobby pin in an wall outlit and it popped and made sparks should I be worried

  • @larrossiter3771
    @larrossiter3771 7 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    In the circuit the control system (the switch) should have been on the LIVE (hot) wire and NOT on the return Neutral or dead wire. In the case of this circuit the appliance would be "live" if the neutral (dead) wire open circuited. This would be a dangerous situation on that type of fault.

  • @umair52100
    @umair52100 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Witch software that is you used
    or any software avail?

    • @applianceassistant
      @applianceassistant  8 ปีที่แล้ว

      +Umair Ali I used Motion for this one. Great app! Thanks for the interest and question!

  • @applianceassistant
    @applianceassistant  13 ปีที่แล้ว

    @ApplianceAdvice Thanks!

  • @applianceassistant
    @applianceassistant  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sounds like a serious power surge like a near lightning hit... You can fix the trace but it is likely that there would be other damage in the board. Bummer!

  • @dane5167
    @dane5167 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    the least resistance to the ground statement is not true. It's okay very common misconception. everything else, great job

  • @brainfreezeanger
    @brainfreezeanger 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What is that oh no sound from about 11 seconds in? Thank you in advance.

    • @applianceassistant
      @applianceassistant  9 ปีที่แล้ว

      Mark Nguyen It was an apple loop through soundtrack pro.

    • @brainfreezeanger
      @brainfreezeanger 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      Huh, I could've sworn it was Spongebob. Thanks for the info. Oh, and for the video!

    • @applianceassistant
      @applianceassistant  9 ปีที่แล้ว

      Now that you mention in I can hear that : )

  • @safaldhungana5014
    @safaldhungana5014 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Help me. I wanted to watch the switch but there was a shot it is in parallel circuit

  • @applianceassistant
    @applianceassistant  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    It's difficult to make appliance repair fun or entertaining so I try to sneak it in where I can : )

  • @davidthoya7850
    @davidthoya7850 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    what happen when the wire ring in the house both live and neutral have power and when you plug in a radio or anything good the power goes off. what could be the reason behind it

    • @RichardFreeberg
      @RichardFreeberg 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yo need call electrician... NOW!

  • @ELVISRN1
    @ELVISRN1 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    thanks

  • @hameed4u4
    @hameed4u4 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice

  • @azadsingh577
    @azadsingh577 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can we make a device which protect or indicate that short circuit about to be happen.....

    • @eduardoramirez1649
      @eduardoramirez1649 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      buy a (GFCI) ground fault circuit interrupter and make it the first outlet of your circuit.... it will protect all the outlets that follow against shock, water exposure and shorts. it basically shuts off power when current travels at an unintended path

    • @eduardoramirez1649
      @eduardoramirez1649 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      some people waste money and install many GFCI outlets in a circuit but you can use one to protect all if it is placed as the first device

  • @miguelsoccervids8079
    @miguelsoccervids8079 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    so my brother connected my laptop charger and a huge spark came out and turned off all the lights and electricity in my room what do i do

    • @nomadagain5184
      @nomadagain5184 7 ปีที่แล้ว +12

      Buy a new brother

    • @impulsivedata8712
      @impulsivedata8712 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Fucked charger likely short circuited and tripped the circuit breaker or RCD protecting your room...
      Get a new one

    • @tpowell453
      @tpowell453 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Stop watching these numbskull YuToob "experts".

    • @TheSaintberzerker
      @TheSaintberzerker 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      According to this vid, it's either a short, ground short, or open circuit. Lol. So I guess you should be able to fix it yourself.

    • @TheGeneralLazy
      @TheGeneralLazy 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      check the fuse at the breaker....im guess it isn't holding its load well. homes use 15a 20a breakers for normal use. 30a for a/c units or washing machines.

  • @timstoriger3927
    @timstoriger3927 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    My goal is to identify the functions of the devices in a given circuit diagram?
    Or spoken more general.
    How can I lean this general skill?
    When do I see a random circuit diagram in all kinds of electronic fields that I can recognize the devices and their functions?
    What is the best strategy to acquire this skill?
    Do you know good information recourses specially designated to acquire this skill?
    I do not want to handcraft things on my own and I do not want to study at a university to acquire a bachelor's degree in electrotechnology.
    I just want to be able to read and being able to understand more or less the circuit diagram.
    Thank you in advance

    • @charlesyingst1825
      @charlesyingst1825 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      That's a difficult question. Personally I learned over time while working in the appliance repair field. I would imagine self study of basic circuit component symbols and their functions would give you a solid understanding that would be sufficient for most situations. It seems intimidating, but there really are not that many components that are regularly used. I made a page years ago that outlines the basics applianceassistant.com/appliance-repair/electricity-and-testing/how-electrical-parts-work/
      I hope that helps get you started!

  • @applianceassistant
    @applianceassistant  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    @d4jmo Thanks! I like this one too :)

  • @boanergesd2858
    @boanergesd2858 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    I have understood

  • @mawazoselemani614
    @mawazoselemani614 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    can a balbu become open circuit?

  • @zerdaliopera
    @zerdaliopera 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    thats good but if the white wire is neutral,where switch is wrong..

  • @jsha333
    @jsha333 5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    the hot to the switch no the light. neutral to light not switch.

  • @x2malandy
    @x2malandy 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    I laughed at the components making noises, ahh- eww-eeee-ect, and the finger touching the wire with fire on the finger tip.

  • @karlscheel3500
    @karlscheel3500 5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    You NEVER switch a circuit on the neutral side (i.e., white wire); that is DANGEROUS!

    • @arturzych138
      @arturzych138 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Can I ask why?

    • @karlscheel3500
      @karlscheel3500 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@arturzych138 If you switch (for example, a light fixture) on the neutral side instead of the hot side, you run the risk of someone being electrocuted while changing a lightbulb, because the socket will still be live, even while the light switch is off. The average Joe expects there to be no voltage while the switch is off, and may believe that it's safe to stick his finger into the socket. DON'T DO IT!

    • @arturzych138
      @arturzych138 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@karlscheel3500 Wouldn't it still be live regardless?

    • @karlscheel3500
      @karlscheel3500 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@arturzych138 No, if wired correctly, with the black wire interrupted by the switch, there would be zero voltage at the socket with the switch in the off position. Although the neutral wire remains connected in this scenario, it's always at zero volts, so there's no danger from touching the neutral connection even if you are simultaneously touching a grounded object with the other hand (e.g., the metal chassis of the lamp fixture itself). The danger would exist if you had the wiring backwards; in this scenario, if you were to touch the bottom of the lamp socket with one hand (which would still be live), and simultaneously touch a grounded object with the other. The current would then flow through your body (including your heart), and potentially kill you.

  • @Asadkhan-kn7er
    @Asadkhan-kn7er 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sir if I use old glass bulb so he glow fine but if I can replace led bulb he cannot glow what is problem. I can check led bulb of series board he is fine.

    • @Asadkhan-kn7er
      @Asadkhan-kn7er 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      In refrigerator

    • @applianceassistant
      @applianceassistant  4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Honestly I’m not sure. I would suppose it may be a voltage supply problem... perhaps if it was a dimmable 120VAC LED bulb it would work.

  • @eduardoramirez1649
    @eduardoramirez1649 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    black wire should be going to the switch first, then to the bulb , and out as a neutral.

  • @UniverseCafe
    @UniverseCafe 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Well made*