YCbCr and RGB Colour
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 22 พ.ย. 2019
- This computer science video compares the RGB colour model with the YCbCr colour model. It shows how both RGB and YCbCr can be visualised in three dimensional space, and how the grayscale relates to both colour models. The evolution of YCbCr from YUV is mentioned, along with the need for YCbCr as a means of encoding digital TV and video. The purpose of the luma component, Y, and the two chroma components, Cb and Cr, are explained. The key benefit of YCbCr as a colour model that separates the luminosity (brightness) of a pixel from the colour information is also explained. This makes conversion from RGB to YCbCr one of the key steps of the JPEG image compression algorithm.
Attribution: Clip of The Adventures Of Sir Lancelot. Usage: Public Domain Mark 1.0; From: archive.org/details/TheAdvent...
Attribution: Clip of video broadcast editing. By Joseph Redfield; From: www.pexels.com/video/people-w...
My mind exploded when he introduced grayscale 2:08
Yeah, same here! I now have a new found love for cubes and 3d drawings! Grey is my favorite colour! :P
Same!
This is the most intuitive explanation I've ever found. I've watched many explanations/vids and thought I understood, but now I truly understand the difference. Bravo!
Immediate subscription, absolutely LOVE your explanation of this that I instinctively clapped once the video was over because so many professors tried to explain this to me and none did in such a colloquial yet detailed manner. Thank you!
Thank you for the lovely comment. I'm delighted to help :)KD
Very nice visual presentation... Gray-scale is explained in very nice way...loved it :)
This answered so many questions I had about YCbCr. Thanks!!!!
You are most welcome :)KD
can you explain whats da diference betwen them?
Same device as you, looking for advice
@AmpEdition So I've been messing around with this stuff on a vaguely similar setup. 3070Ti with a Samsung G9. Not quite 4k but it is 240 Hz and HDR, so same principle of having a ton of data to send. If you're not having any issues, stick with the uncompressed signal. YCbCr444 will get you identical results assuming the Monitor supports it and decodes it properly. However, on my setup, I found I was having a lot of issues with signal losses due to my long cable run between PC and monitor. The image will occasionally drop out, but I was able to get it to mostly stop by switching to a compressed signal - YCbCr422. This way I have to send less data through my cable and my image stability ends up greatly improved. If you don't have any reason to think you're having an issue with the setup, leave it alone, I'm just giving you an example of a circumstance in which you might want to try different things.
If you're really curious, you might be able to find technical documentation for your monitor that will lay out any latency you might get due to having to process different signal feed types, but I'm going to hazard a guess that the latency difference is near enough to zero
@@Ferretsnarf i just bought odyssey 27" 240 hz and i recommend using displayport and gsync, it makes all the difference.
Adding to the pile here but the way that you lay out information is fantastic, thank you for putting this out.
You are most welcome. Thanks for adding to the pile :)KD
Very nice! Thanks for making that! I would love a whole series about Color and Color Science!
Colour is indeed fascinating. I will endeavour to explore. :) KD
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet ... that is the tiny colour spectrum that we can see! Before Red, is Infrared, and after Violet, is Ultraviolet! We need technology to see those colours, but I think some insects can see ultraviolet, they are attracked to certain flowers! saunacloud.com/infrared-sauna/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/electromagnetic-spectrum_1.jpg
I want to be comment 162 on your video to also continue to thank you on this insanely genius way to explain RGB vs YCbCr. This is the first time that I got to really visualize what the mechanics of each color model are and make some real sense out of it. I always knew one was limited vs. full in color space, but this adds so much clarity that I am left blown away.
Thank you good sir!
You're most welcome. Your comment is much appreciated :)KD
Thank you this is the first video that clearly told me a difference. Most just say “it’s different becuse it’s different”. Interesting.
Nice, the visualisation with the cude is really cool
Glad you like it. It took hours! :) KD
This has got to be, the best explanation of color spaces I have ever seen! If there is someway to support this channel, let me know.
Thanks for the lovely comment. I would appreciate you telling other people about my channel. :)KD
@@ComputerScienceLessons already posted about it on my LinkedIn profile.
Stright forward, short, to the point👍Love it
Thank you for this short, but helpful video. Right to the point.
You're very welcome :)KD
I watched this on some other POS site through subtitles and still very well explained so I watched it all in CC before coming here to like it :D
An excellent description, thank you. This was your first video that I watched but you got a subscriber nevertheless.
Thank you :)KD
This was fantastic and so well illustrated. Earned a sub. I would absolutely love more videos about color science from you. For example RGBA (how alpha channel fits in) or what the difference betweeen sRGB, Adobe RGB, Rec. 2020 and DCI-P3 is.
same got a sub as well and I would like to know more about Rec 2020 and DCI-P3 which i've only seen list on monitor pages to tell how accurate they are with covering the colour space in the panels representation
Great video, thank you for your easy to understand explanations! Great teacher!
You're very welcome :)KD
Thank you for video.. finally my search got fullstop. by this channel it has cleared all my doubts
Delighted to help :)KD
Excellent video while I was looking to just answer the Ycbcr/Ypbpr difference I had figured out more than I bet for.
You are most welcome :)KD
Thank you so so so so so much for this clip.
Very well explained. Thank you!
Thank you :)KD
Gracias por tan completa y comprensible información amigo, saludos desde México!!!
muchas gracias por el lindo comentario
the explanation in this video is amazing
Thank you :)KD
In YUV you can concantrate the information more on luminance than on chrominance. A human eye is more sensitive to brightness, therefore it is more convenient to have more brightness levels then color tones.
In 24 bit RGB (32bit without the 8bit "alpha channel") you can only generate 256 shades of grey. When you color a square with a gradient from black to white from left to right, you can easily tell the difference between a lighter and a darker shade.
Now draw a gradient from red to yellow, you still have 256 vertical stripes, but it's very hard to distinguish two adjacent shades. The same applies to blue-magenta, green-yellow, etc.
Great explanation :)KD
thanks for this ... soooo good!
One of the best video ever seen, perfectly explained
Thank you :)KD
Brilliant..
Tnx :) KD
Great explanation, thanks!
You're very welcome :)KD
This is bloody brilliant
Thank you. I enjoyed making it :)KD
Thanks man really helping with my mid terms👍👍
glad to hear it :) KD
why are your videos so good
Thanks for the comment. This one took ages. :)KD
Excellent video!!!
Thank you. I really enjoyed making this one :)KD
OMG, your English... it's awesome! thanks for explaining such a complicated concept in a such easy way! thanks!
Delighted to be of service. And thank you :)KD
AMAZING VIDEO
Great video, Thanks!
You're welcome :)KD
Hi, after calibrating the monitor by loading the profile into the lut of the video card, spurious transitions appeared on the gradients, in the YCbCr mode they are not there, which would be more correct for color rendering on the YCbCr or Full RGB PC, if you do not take into account the work with gradients?
Awesome video
Thank you :)KD
Thank you, this is so helpful
You are very welcome :)KD
Where is the rest of the video? I was just getting into it, and the video was over. Thanks for posting.
Yes - it begs some more about JPEG compression doesn't it! I start work on a follow up :)KD
This is very nice 😊
Thank you ever so much, I understood perfectly and I have no further questions!
Music to my ears :)KD
Darn it! that was almost the perfect video on the subject - narrators delivery was exceptional for absorbing complex subject matter, exposition using the graphics was top notch, transforms from RGB to YCrCb [4:00] helpful... but then you left out the inverse transforms!!! {have re-implemented three different formulas claiming to represent YCrCb to RGB from different internet sources for my project and none of them have resulted in a correct RGB result, and my tired brain is really struggling with how to derive the inverse equations based on those included in the video} /* my end goal is Android YUV420 camera data to RGB pixel by pixel for analysis of small segments of the image*/
Hi Norlesh. I must admit that I glossed over details of conversion between the two colour systems in my video, for the sake of providing an overview of the subject. The equations you need can be found by following the link below. You will see however that these involve some linear algebra. Converting from YCbCr to RGB involves a system of linear equations, which means calculating the dot product of a matrix and a vector. There's a link below on how to do that too. By the way, I'm currently working on a series about linear algebra because it keeps coming up in computer science (in graphics, machine learning, quantum computers, and more). Good luck - please let me know when you crack your problem. :)KD
web.archive.org/web/20180421030430/www.equasys.de/colorconversion.html
mathinsight.org/matrix_vector_multiplication
Great Teacher 💯
Thank you :)KD
So...i should set my Nvidia Shield display mode to YUV 4.4.4 8bit instead of the default RGB 8bit? Is HDTV and media liek streaming or blu rays YUV now a days?
Where does the YCbCr color cube come from? For example, the RGB color cube came from the fact that each axis was a particular color component, with 0,0,0 being black and 255,255,255 being white. It makes sense visually - the corner where (255, 0, 0) lives is red. The corner where (0, 255, 0) lives is green. Etc.
The YCbCr cube, however, kinda is just magically given, with a very specific visual color at each location, but without any intuition as to why a particular point on the YCbCr cube is a particular color.
For example, in the first face of the YCbCr cube that you show (the side with pure white in the center), you can find a very light shade of lime green in the bottom left of that face. However, there's really not much intuition that, in order to get that shade of green, you need "highest value of Y and most negative values of Cb and Cr".
Perhaps the confusion stems from the lack of intuition over what exactly Cr and Cb *mean*, or *are*. In RGB, R, G, and B can be summed up as "the amount of Red, Blue, and Green each in a pixel". Is there a similar intuition for YCbCr, like "the amount of red and blue in an image at a particular brightness"? If so, why is green where Cb and Cr are both at their minimum values?
Great video. Just curious. My Blu Ray player offers Hdmi color space options (Auto, RGB Video level, RGB PC level, YCbCr 4:4:4 and YCbCr 4:2:2) any idea which I should choose? Thank you!!
Different people recommend different things. You could try changing it and see what you like best.
Does it matter that Blu-ray Discs (and even DVDs) are encoded in YCbCr 4:2:0?
@Daniel Nye right. Here's what I'm wondering: is it possible for YCbCr 4:2:0 to be correctly displayed through YCbCr 4:4:4 or YCbCr 4:2:2?
same here i just chose the RGB(0-255) option and the color really pops, idk why but the image quality looks terrible while on YCbCr and yeah idk much about color spaces and stuff like that 😅
in a single video, everything is cover about RGB and YCBRC color model
Thank you :)KD
I have a PC with AMD RX 570 GPU and I use with Samsung QN90A Mini LED TV connected with HDMI 2.1 which color space is better to use? By default AMD driver sets the YCbCr 4:4:4 they shown as "Pixel Format" option, also the RGB 4:4:4 PC Standard Full RGB, which one is better? I think I will let it on Full RGB since some tests I saw shown the darker scenes "better" I mean more visible, especially in games.
It really is a matter of what you prefer and, as you suggested, what you are looking at. I too prefer RGB for games :)KD
RGB, YCbCr422 & 444 with 8bit is just the same right?
im running my ps5 on ycbcr instead of rgb and it looks so much better. colors and the black levels really pop compared to rgb. rgb makes my blacks look a lottle gray.
I will recommend ycbcr for PS5 :)KD
I changed my PS4, Apple TV, and Fire-cube to YCbCr. The picture resolution looks completely organic natural 4K.
So how does it save bandwidth? I get that you say it can be compressed but how? How does the math of it work?
I have made some videos on image compression which might help. :)KD
Subscribed.
24bit RGB contains every single possibility of colour and there are no repeated or missing values. Can 24 bit YCbCr claim the same? Are there any duplicates or missing colours in 24 bit YCbCr, or is there an analogue for every single combination of those 24 bits in YCbCr when compared to RGB?
Take a look at ths
stackoverflow.com/questions/2892189/color-space-rgb-and-ycbcr-question
Oh my god finally I understand it
Excellent ! :)KD
Which one is better? Or have more information?
Why choose color gamut from 0 to 255 in image processing
I don't understand how you can encode 3 different signals (RGB) to just 2 signals (Cb and Cr). What happens to the green? How can you just ignore a whole color and still get the right image at the end?
I must admit I had the same misgivings myself at first. But consider this... Why use three signals (RGB)? Why not 5 or 10?
I'm far from an expert on the subject, but I know when YPbPr is fed into a television, the television knows you're feeding it blue and red so the remaining data must be the green. Hope this helps!
I believe you're right. You do need the green in order to properly display the colors. However, a computer can easily mathematically derive the green from the other two color components in order to display the image. The plus of only two color components us just minimizing storage space.
Rgb vs yuv wich one is best for benq projector?
Should vector base image may work better and less space
Full RGB or YCbCr 444 for computer HDMI output? Which is better?
ycb looks natural.
RBG is used for digital, there is no need for additional systems anymore.
32bit rgb vs yuv for movies, who is better bro? Im confused 😢
hello plz can you help me i'm using 2 monitors and the main one is using vga to hdmi cable and the 2nd is coneccted to the
other port i've recognized that movies and games became so much dark i search this again and again until i found what is
called the (RGB) in nvidia control panel i change it to YCbCr444 and colors are back to normal but when i install a new game
the first monitor in going to sleep id why plz can you help
I can only guess at the solution to your problem without knowing your computer. What graphics card are you using? What types of monitor are you using? Perhaps one monitor is connected to you nvidia graphics card and the other is using the graphics controller on the motherboard!? I would personally avoid using a cable with VGA on one end and HDMI on the other, if I could. If your hardware supports it, use a cable with a HDMI connector on both ends, or better still, use DVI or Displayport. You could also check your game settings (if the game lets you select the hardware). You could also try to reinstall the game with only the nvidia card connected to your best monitor. There may not be a quick fix I'm afraid. Good luck
@@ComputerScienceLessons thnx for the help i appreciate that
Thank u, from Russia 🙂
You are most welcome. :)KD
I LOVE RUSSIA I wanna go there some day
can you help me?, how can i set ycbcr setting in MI 4K BOX
I'm afraid I don't know. There might be something on Reddit :)KD
In short, which is better to work with, RGB or YCbCr
RGB gives a bigger range of colours. Typically, YCbCr takes up less space so it better for streaming. :)KD
Distraction at 3:08
What do you recommend for PS5
lot of people seem to prefer YCbCr, but I recommend you try both and decide what you like best. :)KD
ur voiiice damn very gooooooooooooooooooooooooood
enjoy these less specific videos with broad appeal
and they are more fun to make.
YOOOOOOO so that's what those ratios mean like 4:2:2 and stuff
Actually 4:2:2 and 4:2:0 are (under-)sampling rates/patterns. You're right that they are related to the topic of the video but this is essentially because separating brightness information from color allows us to apply sparser sampling patterns to the color channels of an image without a noticable decrease in perceived quality.
Or in other words, as long as the brightness resolution in an image is preserved, the color resolution can be lessened. 4:2:2 describes a pixel-level pattern to do this.
wow thank so much so this week ive upgraded my gpu from amd rx590, to a nvidia 2070super, immediately i noticed my nvidia card was bright as shit straining my eyes, so i went through both of the gpu setting on my two rig and noticed one difference amd defaults me to ycbcr 4:4:4 32bit 8bpc limited, and nvidia defaults me to rgb 32bit 8bpc limited,... well problem solved i guess my eyes are use to ycbcr 4:4:4. although rgb does look more vibrant im on a lcd tv not a computer monitor so im still not sure what i should be using, because the debate is for gaming you want less input delay so rgb is a go to, but honestly with amd anti lag, and nvidia ultra low latency mode it already reduces input delay is there a way to test the input delay anyways, Think ill just stick with ycbcr 4:4:4 for now if i ever get a cpu monitor ill switch its crazy how big this debate is online every amd user notices nvidia is brighter and gives them eye-stain and it all comes down to this one setting. Also im still debating whether i should use 8bcp or 12bcp, when switching to 12bcp i use lagom lcd testing images for lcd calibration and my blacks, and whites both seem to get crushed at 12bcp but i assume i need to re-tune my monitor again for 5 hours now lol TYVM
Don't forget to switch TV to PC mode, otherwise it will be 4:2:0. all improvements (dynamic contrast, color saturation control) Will be unavailable, but the picture will be point to point. I play on the pioneer LX508D plasma with a 1070Ti card and YCbCr 4:4:4 12Bit settings.
Rgb or YCbCr for pc?
Modern PC. RGB every time.
@@ComputerScienceLessons i found setting Intel onboard graphics to YCbCr & Quantization to Full (was Default) made a huge difference & improvement to my Samsung 1080p monitor.
i try full rgb for 1month, full ycbcr222 for 1month, full ycbcr444 for 1 month ....ycbcr 444 is much better but your eyes can't handle for a long in both ycbcr 222 & ycbcr 444....feels pain cant able to see monitor more than 1 hours but in rgb setting eyes feel good able to see for long time and no pain.
What is best really depends on what you like. It also depends on the device, the room it is in and what you are watching. I like RGB most of the time.
@@ComputerScienceLessons i also like rgb ....this ycbcr chroma not work for longer time your eyes will blow even having 144 plus fps with gsync ..still kick eyes...i try this in every thing gaming ..movies surfing..
why does RGB give me ugly purple font? on my text
Perhaps there is a problem with your monitor or your connections. Try switching to YCbCr. :)KD
1677216 colors to be precise =)
ok but it's cap that "people can't see 16 miillion colors" they can actually see more then that. for example mac p3 color displays proves this as well as adobe rgb displays. compare that to a normal display and you will think the colors of srgb are dull.
I wouldn't say it's 'cap' but, although an average human eye might not respond differently (in a detectable physiological sense) to every one of 16 million different colours, it is still possible to perceive very high colour depths. I think that movies shot on film, which is analogue and therefore infinite colour depth, look better than video which is sampled. I can't put my finger on it but film seems 'warmer'. In the same way, my old vinyl LP records sound better (warmer) than their digitally sampled equivalents. :)KD
Does this mean RGB is superior? Does it contain more accurate or detailed colour?
Not necessarily. It's very subjective. A lot of people say the graphics from their games console looks better when set to YCBCR. Others prefer RGB.
YCbCr444
YCbCr422
YCbCr420
RGB
Which is the best?
It really depends on what you are watching. Some people prefer the look of RGB (me included) and some prefer YCbCr, which is perhaps a little warmer. YCbCr444 is uncompressed so the quality will be better than YCbCr422, which in turn is better than YCbCr420. However, compression means data can be transmitted more quickly so YCbCr420 may be better for broadcasting and streaming. It comes down to what you think looks best on your equipment. :)KD
@@ComputerScienceLessons Device what i use is samsung tv 4k. Mostly watched movies and tv shows...
People that think RGB is the right way are wrong RGB is used for PC monitors to get the full colour space out of the monitor but TVs are different if you choose RGB on a tv it’s incorrect it’ll make the image too dark blacks will be crushed TVs work differently then pc monitors. The correct input for a tv is 4:4:4 the tv will take that colour space and give you proper blacks and whites. RGB will crush the blacks
Personally I agree, but I think its a matter of preference. I prefer brown tinted sun glasses rather than blue. :)KD
@@oldb3139 yes that correct but 4:4:4 is ideal for TVs it’s up to your preference but many use RGB Full and it’s wrong
One question not really relevant in any way if RGB alone with its grey scale sitting lonesome on the side made up the 24bit color cube what does YCbCr capable of if it were to be looked at the same way maybe I missed that part and like I said super irrelevant I already know more so then ever before why YCbCr is so much better but not you explained it in such a way I can actually not just go ughh when my friends say ohh yeah and whys that ahah. Easy to remember and explain, and I didn't realize it was that old and I am interested to se like TJ below said make more videos about sRGB and can skip adobe for me but wouldnt mind to know also more into Vulka and DX 12 and systems like that and how they work in relation to all this, big ask but hey you look like you found the category keep the following and make also make an account on twitch so you can not get ripped off so easily. Like every creater on this site essentially youtube is saying once you make us our firs mill. we will start giving you a cut of your own profits, sorry off topic anyways im off to wage war on that thought that just popped into my head lol! THUMBSUP
06:02 What research? This statement is as vague as "90% of dentists recommend our product" in toothpaste commercials.
There's plenty of peer reviewed research on this subject if you're interested. A quick web search for "human sight sensitivity" will yield lots of scholarly articles that you can read at your leisure. Alternatively, you can either take my word for it, or ask an optician. :)KD
@@ComputerScienceLessons Yeah, but the burden of proof is on the one who makes the claim, not on the one who gets it. I can "look up" stuff just fine. But when I make a claim, and someone asks me for sources, I provide them, instead of just saying: "Oh, you know, it's out there, just look it up, read some book, it's basic stuff, you know? Or just take my word on it, I've seen them papers so you don't have to." That's not how science works, is it?
Fill your boots
www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/human-color-vision
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1366217/pdf/jphysiol01416-0007.pdf
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1351720/
:)KD
Who likes lossy things? Not me!
Not difference
Stilins TVs come with ycbcr/ypbpr!