International Relations theory made easy (7): Marxism

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 22 ธ.ค. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 24

  • @markiegogh2333
    @markiegogh2333 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    really learned a lot from you

  • @nadiiafuchko6880
    @nadiiafuchko6880 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    thanks a lot for your work!

  • @jasimkhan6219
    @jasimkhan6219 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you sir❤❤❤
    Waiting for next video

  • @jbrown405
    @jbrown405 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you.

  • @Kirbytime
    @Kirbytime ปีที่แล้ว +5

    The claim that Marxists aren't concerned about nationalism or that Marxists would expect the working classes of Ukraine & Russia to be in solidarity is directly contradicted by what Lenin said about the nature of imperialism, as well as Marxist analysis of the rest of the 20th century. Many Marxist revolutions incorporated nationalism to an extent (Vietnam, Korea, Cuba, China). The idea is that under a global capitalist system, the proletariat of an imperialist country will benefit from the exploitation of an imperialized country, and that benefit it used to alienate the workers of that country from the workers of the target country. For example, French prolerariat were given a small part of the surplus from the exploitation of Vietnam, so it disincentivizes them to call for their surplus tube from Vietnam to be ripped out, even though they are still being exploited by the French bourgeoisie.
    On the other hand, many Marxists reached the conclusion that similar to how the proletariat are divided between colonizer & colonized, the bourgeoisie are also divided between the national bourgeoisie & international bourgeoisie. This division can be used by the proletariat for their own gain. National bourgeoisie can be collaborated with in order to win national liberation, hecause they too stand to benefit from an end to colonial rule (where surplus goes to the national bourgeoisie of another country, or international bourgeoisie in general). And thus, appeals to nationalism can be useful to attracting the national bourgeoisie to national liberation, similar to how Marx was supportive of some bourgeois revolutions in order to alter the mode of production from feudalism to capitalism.
    In the case of Russia & Ukraine, it is Ukraine that is standing with the international capitalist order, while Russia is challenging the current international capitalist order with US/EU dominance. Specifically, it is a war between the international bourgeoisie and Russia's national bourgeoisie. Ukraine is not an important player in this conflict, except as serving as the battleground where this conflict is taking place. Ukraine does not have the sovereignty to make decisions indeoendent of the international capitalist order, which is why the US/UK veto peace talks, give them strategic directives, and are investing in the privatization of Ukraine. It is also especially convenient that the Ukrainian government has banned opposition parties and is no longer holding elections, which means that there is no risk of westerners investing in Zelenskyy's regime only to lose their investment if an oppostion leader somehow won an election and cancelled the previous contracts (see JCPOA once Trump got elected). Ukrainian nationalism primarily revolves around Stepan Bandera as a national hero, who is specifically someone who collaborated with fascists against Russia. It is intolerant towards ethnic minorities in Ukraine (especially Russians & Jews). Ukrainian nationalism at its core, is a negation of Russian nationalism, and the consequence of this is a conflict between Ukrainian bourgeoisie and Russian bourgeoisie, hence why the region has had conflict ever since the collapse of the Soviet Union, which supressed both nationalisms in favor of proletarian internationalism.
    So ultimately, from a Marxist perspective, the war in Ukraine is similar to ww1: it is a war between imperialist powers, or more specifically, it is a war between the national bourgeoisie of different nations, whose nationalisms negate each other.
    So nationalism, as part of the superstructure, actually plays a large role in suppressing worker solidarity across nations by maintaining a false consciousness in each individual country that reinforces itself on a global scale.
    It should be important to note that not all nationalisms are the same, and thus an ethnic nationalism based on 1 ethnic group can impact a country in a very different way compared to a civic, inclusive nationalism. The latter can more easily be transitioned to internationalism, while the former can lead to fascism. Russia's civic nationalism, where ethnic minorities are included for consideration (see Putin's remarks on Quran burning), contrasts with Ukraine's ethnic nationalism, where non-Ukrainians are to have their language, culture, and identity supressed, especially if they are Russian.
    This post is getting very long, so I'll just end it on this:
    Ideas of the superstructure are incredibly important to understand weak spots in the capitalist order in order to overthrow them. Marxists should carefully analyze religion, nationalism, culture, etc. and use them as tools to advance the interests of the working class, but at the same time be careful not to engage in tailism.

    • @adrianhoseini1334
      @adrianhoseini1334 ปีที่แล้ว

      Well written!

    • @Meanwhilesleeping1
      @Meanwhilesleeping1 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      I'm sorry but why do negate the idea that russians are literally perceiving Ukrainians as part of their ethnicity and have been denying them independence for centuries? So called "Russia's civic nationalism" is an overarching term for allowing sending Buryats and Yakuts to the battlefields first, as the ethnic Slavic russians are not as important - read reports.
      Also, many of your claims are either false or weirdly phrased. Like "Ukrainian nationalism primarily revolves around Stepan Bandera as a national hero, who is specifically someone who collaborated with fascists against Russia". No, Ukrainian nationalism revolves around the idea of Ukraine being a separate nation from all of the world, based on language, culture and tradition. There are Ukrainian nationalists that don't praise Bandera. Also, he collaborated with nazis against soviet regime which was genocidal to Ukrainians at the time (Holodomor recognized as genocide by many countries/states nowadays). So, in collaborating with nazis (as many other European countries also did, may I remind you of Finland), he was looking for a way to free Ukrainians, which is the core of the national idea in Ukraine. For Ukrainians, soviet regime was not a slightest bit better than that of Germans.
      Also, speaking of imperialism, it would be nice to take a look at the war from the perspective of a colonized country, rather than a colonizer, and speak in the defence of a brutal war, which by the way harms less protected = working class of population the most (men, which are forced to fight on both sides and women which suffer from war on the Ukrainian side). russian invasion in this case is a direct cause of rising nationalism there (putin's multiple works on how Ukrainians are basically russian), which is contradictory to basic ideas of uniting the working class worldwide.

  • @jasimkhan6219
    @jasimkhan6219 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sir plz make a video on structuralism

  • @Treesforuganda
    @Treesforuganda ปีที่แล้ว

    Sir make a presentation on all theories of IR

    • @PatrickTheiner
      @PatrickTheiner  ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Check my channel, I have videos on most of the dominant IR theories.

  • @germanwarcraft6324
    @germanwarcraft6324 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    At 41:41 your wording and terminoligy is strange and the way you expressed the view of a marxist on ukraine is a bit missleading.
    It is a war about the sales market and cheap laborforce of ukraine. Sure via annexation russia would basically integrate urkaine into its own sales market, but why needed russia to attack ukraine at that precise moment? In August 2013, Ukraine applied for observer status in the Eurasian Economic Union, but under Viktor Yanukovych, the Ukrainian government also set itself the goal of signing an association agreement with the European Union in November 2013. That agreement was not in line with the free trade agreement between russia and uk, as suddenly european goods could be exported via ukraine into russia and ukrainians could work in the eu. The overthrow of the pro russian government and the rise of a pro european government sparked the so called "ukraine crisis". So a marxist would see the aggression of russia against urkaine as a "defensive" act to protect its sales marekts and flow of cheap laborforce.
    Why attack ukraine when there are so many negative sequels coming along??
    First the war started in 2013/14 and then became a fullscale war in 2022. One of the biggest industrys of russia is the gas-industry, germany agreed to build the north stream 2 pipeline after the annexation of crimea in 2015 and started building it in 2020 and and influencial european leaders attended the Petersburger Economic Forum (like Macro in 2018) years in the war in Donbass. Russia didnt expect huge consequences after a quick win in ukraine as it hasnt faced any beforehand.Ukraine didnt implode and become a faill state (cause of financial help by the west) thats why russia needed to invdade.
    But the war didnt end quickly and circumstances changed.
    The european countrys started very slowly to realize that the war will be drawn out and only then they started sending weapons and such and at least in germany a lot of politicans openly talked about receiving gas from russia after the war is ended (thats why it was important to destroy the pipelins so that germany has no further economic interest against that stand in the way of supporting ukraine).
    Importance of nationalsm
    For a marxist the substructure constitutes the superstructure. As a oligarchic capitalist economy (substructure) doesnt go along with a liberal ideology, therefore it produces ethno-russian nationalis as ideology (superstructure) which works very well in accordance with the russian sales market of the former sowjetunion with countrys that have quite high numers of russian speakers and the type of regime.
    That was already realized in the first world war by marxists and isnt new (you yourself named lenin). It can be very well be explained within the theory. As you said with your own words the system wont fix itself, it has to be overcome by the working class, who as to be leaded by a avangard movement, to have the counsciusness as such.
    Some very shortend points. Maybe i receive an answer? 😅

    • @PatrickTheiner
      @PatrickTheiner  ปีที่แล้ว +3

      I mean I would reply, but I don't see a question in here? It's a lot of text and I can see you've thought about it quite a bit, but I'm not sure what I should be reacting to?

    • @clowncadr1
      @clowncadr1 ปีที่แล้ว

      @PatrickTheiner For starters, you can admit that by using a platform that gives you a voice and peoples trust, you spray your own idea of ​​what the politicians of an entire country really up to. "Ooh dont believe russian politicians, they are evil they are lying marxists would hate them", ahahah. I imagine people listening to you with smart expressions on their faces probably think they're just learning an actual science lol

    • @clowncadr1
      @clowncadr1 ปีที่แล้ว

      👏👏👏

  • @ginogarcia8730
    @ginogarcia8730 2 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Well - tiny homes are the life for Filipinos who just need a simple home. Just don't got great jobs and healthcare yet haha

  • @leststoner
    @leststoner 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Exactly, whoever wins Ukraine or Russia, its citizens will still have to wake up and go to work the next day.

  • @ParallelNewsNetwork
    @ParallelNewsNetwork 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Capitalism seems like a micro version of communism with less risk of totalitarianism

    • @personeater747
      @personeater747 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

      ask me if you care to hear me yap,, but this comment is objectively wrong about at least three things in 13 words only

  • @PaulvonOberstein
    @PaulvonOberstein 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This lecture is a good example of how Marxists (the lecturer is almost certainly a Marxist despite his denial) are utterly incapable of engaging with their own ideology from an objective, detached perspective and instead are compelled to proselytize their ideology. Their thinking is so mired in their own worldview and they are so committed to it being "the truth" that they seem incapable of imagining that it might be wrong or looking at the world from a different framework or perspective. This makes perfect sense when one considers that Marxism is as much a quasi-religion (be sure to make pilgrimage to St. Rosa's memorial in Berlin) as it is a political theory.

    • @PatrickTheiner
      @PatrickTheiner  7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Cool story bro. Would have been even cooler if you engaged with it? Is there something you're critiquing in particular, rather than just saying "I disagree" with big words?
      It's one approach among many in IR, some of which I cover on this channel. There's value in understanding different points of view, whether you agree with them or not.

    • @PaulvonOberstein
      @PaulvonOberstein 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@PatrickTheiner I have no problem with opposing (and even outright wrong in the case of Marxism) viewpoints (I specifically sought lectures discussing Marxist views of IR), but I strongly suspect you have more sympathy for Marxism than you might be willing to admit.

    • @personeater747
      @personeater747 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@PaulvonOberstein guy who openly hates an idea criticizes someone else for being biased (and therefore not fairly engaging with the ideas) while not showing fair engagement with the ideas themselves. why would someone listen to you? I suggest you think about why you made these comments, because your purpose was clearly not to convince others. my top theories are either this is a knee jerk emotional response to ideas you dislike, or some sort of social ingroup signalling. the ingroup theory is supported by the quasi marxism point, which is clearly you referencing a full idea without interfacing with it, allowing others in your ingroup to recognize you and feel validated for knowing that theory. the joke on the end also seems like its either for an ingroup, as it wouldnt be funny to marxists or laymen, or purely masturbatory.

    • @TM-sz9sz
      @TM-sz9sz หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@PaulvonObersteinDoes it matter??