Hubs have been obsolete for many years. Switches are used now and can forward to the appropriate device based on MAC address. These days, Ethernet can support much larger frames. I have a switch that can support 16 KB frames and 9000 byte frames are often used. These would be referred to as jumbo frames. Also, token ring has long been obsolete. The fragment offset is not an incrementing number for each fragment. It is where in the packet that the fragment belongs. So, if the first fragment was 1200 bytes, then the offset of the 2nd will be 1200/8 or 150, not 2. The /8 is because the offset is in 8 byte blocks and so the 150 means 150 8 byte blocks in. Also, fragmentation is being superceded by Path MTU Discovery, where the source is sent an ICMP message stating the packet is too big. PMTUD is often used on IPv4 and mandatory on IPv6.
Mind blowing content nd explanation .This content is highly underrated.
Hubs have been obsolete for many years. Switches are used now and can forward to the appropriate device based on MAC address.
These days, Ethernet can support much larger frames. I have a switch that can support 16 KB frames and 9000 byte frames are often used. These would be referred to as jumbo frames. Also, token ring has long been obsolete.
The fragment offset is not an incrementing number for each fragment. It is where in the packet that the fragment belongs. So, if the first fragment was 1200 bytes, then the offset of the 2nd will be 1200/8 or 150, not 2. The /8 is because the offset is in 8 byte blocks and so the 150 means 150 8 byte blocks in.
Also, fragmentation is being superceded by Path MTU Discovery, where the source is sent an ICMP message stating the packet is too big. PMTUD is often used on IPv4 and mandatory on IPv6.
can say that ONE physical segment is the same as a broadcast domain??
amazing do you have pateron/subscribestar