One of the most valuable jewel found in the internet. The best learning experience about jet engines. The old school presentation was a truly top gun teaching in the subject matter. Thanks so much for sharing.
3rd graders in the 1950's could comprehend this, Today, any kid over 9 years old would lose interest very quickly. Wake up schools! Your 21st century public school academics, radical agendas coupled with your liberal mindset driven by a total lack of moral purpose in education will end the high level of civilization we always strove to achieve.
Finally, a competent and comprehensive explanation! It's sad so many of the modern videos on the workings of jet engines, with their CG animations (some with the blades actually spinning the wrong way), are actually so superficial in commentary and content, they fall so short when compared to this video - one that must have been made ~40 years ago, but with actual in-depth knowledge of the topic. What a difference it makes.
I attended the USN Gas Turbine Systems school back in 1984. While this video wasn't one that was used (as I remember, anyway) it brings back memories of the training and experience I had. DD, DDG & FFG ships had GE LM2500 main engines. DD, DDG & CG-47 ships had the Allison 501 K-17 engines for Ships Service Gas Turbine Generators (SSGTG). R-R-B-R-R-B-R
Kinda lied in my application to Boeing saying I'm a jet engine specialist, first day on the job is tomorrow and this video is really teaching me something. Wish me luck 🙏
Fantastic! This has the same quality of the old Jam Handy instructional films from the 30’s-50’s. Prelinger archives has tons of stuff like this; absolutely fascinating explanations of commonplace things mostly taken for granted.
@@vatodad Well, people watching this, probably are not going into aeronautics engineering, or that sort of thing. They are probably happy to hear the basics of jet engines. It's like with any technical subject. You will find the simple explanations will be somewhat misleading, but that can't be helped as complicated things are really complicated with many devil is in the detail stuff. Of course if you can do better, you should make your own improved video ( I am not being sarcastic, youtube can always use more videos, as people trying to understand may watch multiple videos.)
Superb, absolutely spot on presentation with perfectly paced detailed and fluid delivery. I was hooked from the start to finish. Thank you for posting.
Absolutely fantastic presentation. Wish I had seen it as a teen ( when it was obviously produced)... Might have changed my future. Thank you for this education, many, many years later.
Someone with a PhD must have done this presentation. There is no way to keep it all straight unless you are just a flat-out genius, such as what the inventors at Rolls Royce must have been. OMG, this is crazy.
This is an awesome lecture. One should definitely hear this! The jet engine concepts are easily grasped and one can learn the style of presentation too.
I have no reason to learn this but it's interesting as hell regardless. I'm a machinist though, and we do occasionally do work for a turbo company called Borg Warner, not for jet engines but smaller engines
I think so too. I got me some ceiling fans i can use. Swap out the fiber for some metal blades i found in the junkyard. Or just cut up a ton of soda cans. Couple of 55 gal drums and a mister spray. There ya go! Redneck Air lines. Book early 👍 🤣🤣 Seriously though, it was quite educational from simplistic to a more complex explanation. Loved it. They just aren't making them like they used to make them
@@DGKFBGMd33Zy3 I see a lot of fools online who are in the majority typically. They elevate people to god level one moment and drop them down to ground at the next. To avoid this one needs to be highly civilized, humble and rational minded.
This reminds me of the class I had when I got a job on the assembly floor at P&WA in 1977. I assembled JT8s and JT9s. I’ve been in test cell control rooms. Some of those guys in there are probably working for the customer. We used to see someone from the airplane company and the airline buying that plane.
Worked at P&W from the late 80's thru the late 90's....I took a textbook directed version of this course but, either way, it is very nice coverage of the basic engine architecture as well as the thermodynamic & aerodynamic principles of jet engines. Fun product to work on....as a mechanical engineer, there are few jobs where you can get your hands on this much horsepower right out of school.
No wonder these engines are so Jet-A starved.... fuel is just eaten up at such a fast rate that the wings and other fuel reservoirs are massive and very heavy. It's no wonder that these engines have to be MASSIVE to be able to move enough air to lift tons of mass into the air (weight of the passengers and airframe itself). Can you imagine all of the physics of an airplane having to come together and work flawlessly while human beings are being moved from point A to point B in these dangerous air-vessels? Lift, thrust, compression, pressurization, hydraulics, cooling, heating, comfort, electronics, weather, speed, materials, metallurgy and a myriad of other things all have to come together and work flawlessly., without fail. No wonder these high-speed air vessels fail every so often just on their own (not including pilot faults).
Reading the comments reveals a lot about the people who watch YT videos.... THIS VIDEO IS INTENDED FOR GENERAL AUDIENCE NOT FOR ENGINEERS! If you throw Thermodynamics, aerodynamics, work, energy, momentum at the common mortal, he will stop watching. This is a well explained PRINCIPLE of how jet engines work! It is well spoken and shows in a simple way how this works.
The history of the jet engine is actually fascinating, especially when you consider it was turned down for years during the war and the developer had basically no funding and had to work in a derelict workshop
A good example of turboshaft engines are the RR/Allison 250C engines that power the MD500 or Bell Jet Ranger helicopters, a sweet sound on start-up, I must say.
Excellent video! Explained so much in detail and easy to follow. Best I’ve seen of all the youtube jet videos. Yet the one question I’ve had for years remains unanswered. With a rocket, it’s easy to see that the combustion gases push against the rocket nozzle itself, thus transferring thrust to the superstructure. With a turbojet, ALL the videos and explanations just say “Newtons Law”, gas jets out the back and gives forward thrust. But exactly WHAT is the exhaust gas “pushing against”? The best I can imagine is most is pushing against the forward structures of the combustion chambers, and a good portion is also effectively pushing against the compressed air at the last stage of the compressor. I imagine the compressed air forms a stationary front, just aft of the final blade wheel. And since exhaust gas cant really ‘push’ against air (another gas), it is actually the spinning compressor blades “generating” the “thrust” as they maintain 20-40 ATM compressed air pressure. Thus the “thrust” is actually ultimately generated in the main rotor itself, and transferred to the superstructure by the bearing system. I recall on commercial flights, at takeoff, the engines whine higher and higher and higher - then there’s a sudden ‘boom’ and solid roar - I think that is the stationary compressed air front forming and reaching static equilibrium with the combustion front. Anyone can comment on this?
Surprised at some of the terms. Perhaps I'm just younger and there's newer terms now? The After Burner is also called a 'Reheat'. The after burned section is sometimes referred to as a 'Flame Tube' or 'Reheat Section' or 'Reheat Tube', since it's literally just a tube. An empty can. Though it does use a jacket. The C-D Nozzel exit is also called an 'Ejector'. If the C-D nozzle is a variable one its a 'Variable CD Ejector'. Flame holders are briefly gone over here and I don't know if the description was adequate? The Flame Holdsr purposely causes turbulent air that spirals and stalls, for mixing and for maintaining the flame. Air that is super sonic will blow out the flame. Why? Because the Flame can only ignite so fast - there are two terms here, Flame front and Flame Propagation. It might surprise people to know but... for those of us Americans whom love our guns? We can tell you that we actually prefer slower burning powder better than faster powders for the charge. The slower power allows pressure to build and ultimate leads to better performance of muzzle velocities in most cases. The jet engine is no different. We are simply shooting a stream of air out the barrel instead of a bullet. The limit, though, is in reverse. If the air + fuel mixture can only propagate the flame front so quickly, then we need to slow down the air that's being ignited like we want to reduce the burn rate of an charge for a bullet. If we don't, the air will be moving too fast and out run the speed in which the flame propagates, and thus you have a flame out. Flame holders are of use in Combustion Chambers as well, depending on the engine. They're primarily to agitate and cause turbulence for more adequate mixing. The CD variable Nozzle and the Tube jacket are not just for accelerating or decelerating the ejected air stream. Ambient pressure can cause back pressure to occur and the bleed air from the jacket, provided by the bypass air, as well as the use of the variable nozzle ejector, all try to balance out that possible back pressure to ensure more efficient 'ejection' of the air stream. Remember, your goal is to not only throw as much air out the back as possible, Thrust = MxA of course... but you also want to make sure that you're imparting as much of that thrust to the engine's structure itself. It makes no use if you're throwing out so much thrust but have the thrust be diluted due to going off in all directions. You want to make sure all that thrust is pushing on your engine in the one, singular direction so that you're getting the maximum physical reaction out of that thrust mass.
Good watch. Learned a lot. Didn’t know all those veiny outside tubes carry lubricant and air. And how a turbojet engine basically has one moving part lol. Though I wonder how the pneumatic starter gets it’s energy?
Great video, his explanation of how a jet engine works has really helped me understand why jet engines takes thousands and thousands of gallons of kerosene for a 5 hour flight to cross the country. Plus once the plane is high up in the sky in a oxygen rich environment it takes more fuel to burn hotter.........Gosh, no wonder why jets are so expensive, it's because they are more complex than a combustion engine car.
@@knocksensor3203 your right, my mistake lol. That's why they have the oxygen masks fall down in an emergency, and down close to the ground is where all the oxygen settles.
Nothing better than this. I call the approach Simplistic Conceptualization. Offfical term ? Everything is good but the concept is even clearer when slowly emphasizes that in supersonic mode, the convergent/divergent principle is reverse. Also air enters into the engine front end needs to be subsonic. That explains why the nozzle throat is that way and why the nozzle opens in after-burner (supersonic) mode.
One question I have about this explanation is why the combustion exhaust all seems to go out the exhaust. The combusting gases would go in all directions, so some would go forward too.
A visually, educationally great presentation! one constructive criticism: there seems to be a conspicuous absence of any information on the turbo encabulator. Otherwise though, it’s Huell-Hauser-level gold :)
It doesn't have to "push against" anything. In a vacuum, a rockets fuel and oxidizer is burned and converted to hot gasses which expand and are propelled through a nozzle. The acceleration of the propellant mass creates an equal and opposite reaction that is thrust. A Jet engine (turbine engine) is an air breathing internal combustion engine and it cannot operate in a vacuum. Only a rocket that brings along its own oxidizer can operate in the vacuum of outer space.
@@Triple_J.1 I realise the difference between a rocket and a jet. My question is about the action of the thrust. The thrust is a gas and so pushes in all directions at once. Inside the engine against the internal surfaces, and outside against the atmosphere. The fire hose in the video shows the reaction of the operators, to the reaction of the water hitting the atmosphere. My misunderstanding, is that in a vacuum the thrust would empty into nothingness. I've seen a video of a balloon powered, toy car. When released the car shot off, as you'd expect, across the floor. However, when a vacuum cleaner hose was directed across the balloon's discharge flow the car remained still. The thrust was sucked away and the reaction to move the toy lost.
The exhaust gases are thrown out of the engine backwards. Momentum is always conserved, so an equal momentum is imparted to the engine in the exact opposite direction - forward. No atmosphere needed. The jet engine needs air to operate, but that air can come from a tank and then the engine would operate fine outside of an atmosphere (the air tank would not be practical at all, but that's an engineering problem, not a physics problem).
@@01menyou No. You got that a little wrong. If you sit in your office chair and throw books at your co-worker, your chair (if it's on a nice smooth floor) will move the other way. Did you think those books were pushing on the atmosphere? That "reaction" is what pushes a jet engine forward. They decided not to throw books out the window so they throw hot gas out instead. It's one of the most important and misunderstood principles in physical science.
A nice video. One thing I didn't get is where the thrust force is borne on the engine body. When the jet flow pushes the air at the back of the engine, a reaction force pushes back. This is where the thrust comes from. If this reaction force was a hand, where would it be placed?
Answering your question is easier with a drawing etc. Let's see if I can help answer your question through text. First off, in my description, do not add 'afterburner - augmentation' to what you are seeing. Afterburner, aka augmentation, is a separate discussion. Trust is multiple factors (physics) the jet (air-exhust) stream exiting the exhaust as the pressure (exhaust) is expelled produces thrust. Even better yet, there are INTERNAL forces from the thrust produced. These forces are pushing inside the whole jet engine. These internal forces push energy through and against the fan, compressor, burner, turbine, and exhaust (airplane). In your mind, see arrows (air/pressure) internally pushing the engine. Again, what moves a jet engine are the internal push and the exhaust push. Blowing up a balloon holding the end closed... There are forces inside, but don't move the balloon... It needs an exit (exhaust). Opening the balloon end, the expelled air and internal pressure push the balloon. If you grabbed a jet engine (using your hand), you'd hold/wrap the whole engine... Then you are the external force propelling the airplane. Lastly, back to the balloon when you let it go - it moves sporadically everywhere. To control this random reaction, we add flight controls so we can control the direction of flight. Now do not misunderstand; my explanation doesn't cover the theory of flight... That's a different explanation. I hope my explanation helps you understand the complex process of a jet engine.
@@xFalconFixer Guess I have got my answer thanks. If we imagine the engine like a tube which is closed at one end, there will be pressure inside the tube (to the whole inner surface) which will try to move the tube toward anywhere but the open end. Based on this model anything inside this tube is under pressure. Getting back to real engines this pressure is to the compressors (high), body (high), turbines (low) and exit funnel (low).
From what you said as a tube...both ends need to be open as the presses need a place to go. (Equal and opposite action/reaction.) You do know how a jet engine works? Suck, Squeeze, Bang, Blow. An internal combustion engine creates similar power/force - but we transfer that energy from the engine block etc. to the driveshaft. The driveshaft is (partially) mainly what will move the machine. There are too internal forces as I described for a jet.
What is "flame out"?. Is it because the burner stage is not getting enough air to sustain continued ignition? Does it literally mean the flame runs out? Or does a lack of pressure cause the ignition point to move closer to the compressor? I guess that would cause the turbine to move slower causing less air in causing less burn?
Probably more like titanium, etc... Aluminum is a bit, how do I put it, "melty". =) I mean sure, some of the cooler parts could certainly use aluminum, but even the compressor exit and diffusor temperatures are near the melting point of aluminum, and it does get quite soft even before it melts.
I'm still missing something here. I understand precisely how a 4 stroke automobile engine creates power by the burning of fuel in the combustion chamber and the expansion of the air fuel mixture forces the piston down when intake and exhaust valves are closed. But a jet engine is "open" on both ends. Why doesn't the jet fuel/air mixture expand forward instead of backward or both ways? In an internal combustion engine the ONLY way the burning fuel/air mixture can expand is by pushing the piston down and turning the crankshaft. What am I missing? I don't understand why it always goes out the back of the engine. And where does the power com from to turn the fans and the turbine?
So glad this guy went on to narrate every movie trailer in the 90s. What a legendary career.
One of the most valuable jewel found in the internet. The best learning experience about jet engines. The old school presentation was a truly top gun teaching in the subject matter. Thanks so much for sharing.
Is it? There's plenty of mistakes in this
This is the dumbest explanation ever.
It creates the illusion of understanding in the viewer, without any real understanding
3rd graders in the 1950's could comprehend this, Today, any kid over 9 years old would lose interest very quickly. Wake up schools! Your 21st century public school academics, radical agendas coupled with your liberal mindset driven by a total lack of moral purpose in education will end the high level of civilization we always strove to achieve.
@@johns.1898 Such as?
@@jubuttib I'm not gonna re-watch it to answer you
The best explanation ever of a phisycs topic. Good old XX century style, when content mattered more than superficial entertainment.
Love these old educational videos. This is very clear on the basics of jet engines. Wish I had found it years ago.
they are the best
Never too late brother. Long as you still breathing, it ain't ♥✌✌
@@jeanounou ...reminds me of this: th-cam.com/video/nY5WjIvyEXo/w-d-xo.html
Finally, a competent and comprehensive explanation! It's sad so many of the modern videos on the workings of jet engines, with their CG animations (some with the blades actually spinning the wrong way), are actually so superficial in commentary and content, they fall so short when compared to this video - one that must have been made ~40 years ago, but with actual in-depth knowledge of the topic. What a difference it makes.
I attended the USN Gas Turbine Systems school back in 1984.
While this video wasn't one that was used (as I remember, anyway) it brings back memories of the training and experience I had.
DD, DDG & FFG ships had GE LM2500 main engines.
DD, DDG & CG-47 ships had the Allison 501 K-17 engines for Ships Service Gas Turbine Generators (SSGTG).
R-R-B-R-R-B-R
Kinda lied in my application to Boeing saying I'm a jet engine specialist, first day on the job is tomorrow and this video is really teaching me something. Wish me luck 🙏
How'd you do??? Hey, tomorrow's Sunday, you liar.
@@mmm365 bro was joking 💀
You'll be fine since Boeing doesn't make engines.
Just remember bro: Like a gun, Like a hose and Like a balloon. You'll be climbing the ladder in no time 🙏
Good luck
Fantastic! This has the same quality of the old Jam Handy instructional films from the 30’s-50’s. Prelinger archives has tons of stuff like this; absolutely fascinating explanations of commonplace things mostly taken for granted.
Yes. Those were great.
Good
A superb lecture, not just the best on jet engines, but one of the best lectures on any subject.
I really wish that you were correct in your assessment but there was one major error and numerous minor errors. Please read my comment for details.
@@vatodad Well, people watching this, probably are not going into aeronautics engineering, or that sort of thing. They are probably happy to hear the basics of jet engines. It's like with any technical subject. You will find the simple explanations will be somewhat misleading, but that can't be helped as complicated things are really complicated with many devil is in the detail stuff. Of course if you can do better, you should make your own improved video ( I am not being sarcastic, youtube can always use more videos, as people trying to understand may watch multiple videos.)
Superb, absolutely spot on presentation with perfectly paced detailed and fluid delivery. I was hooked from the start to finish. Thank you for posting.
I found this to be a excellent presentation explaining the basic principles of how a turbine engine works, and the various types of turbine engines .
Absolutely fantastic presentation. Wish I had seen it as a teen ( when it was obviously produced)... Might have changed my future. Thank you for this education, many, many years later.
@jim Martin me too
If you had seen it... you would have had a... reaction?
@@Graham_Wideman IF he did , u could call him a newtonian
An excellent lecture. Love the old-school productions. Explains with just enough depth for an introduction course. Love it!
Someone with a PhD must have done this presentation. There is no way to keep it all straight unless you are just a flat-out genius, such as what the inventors at Rolls Royce must have been. OMG, this is crazy.
Priceless Instructional Video
Extremely well Presented 👍 ...
This is an awesome lecture. One should definitely hear this! The jet engine concepts are easily grasped and one can learn the style of presentation too.
Thank you very very much for this wonderful and eye-opening explanation about jet engines!!
This was SO good! I'm jealous of who could watch this back in the 1980's...
An Excellent Video, Great Lecture, Inspiring & Pumping, must watch by all the Aerospace Propulsion Engineers
This is truly priceless to anyone trying to understand these topics.
I have no reason to learn this but it's interesting as hell regardless. I'm a machinist though, and we do occasionally do work for a turbo company called Borg Warner, not for jet engines but smaller engines
@Matt B Yeah I am a Airplane mechanic and I learned more here then I did in multiple weeks of my training.
This answers so many questions I had! Thanks for uploading it. 👍🏻😀🇬🇧
best jet engine learning in the internet. thanks for sharing this.
Never have jet engine fundamentals been presented so simply. This is a very useful video
I think so too. I got me some ceiling fans i can use. Swap out the fiber for some metal blades i found in the junkyard. Or just cut up a ton of soda cans. Couple of 55 gal drums and a mister spray. There ya go!
Redneck Air lines. Book early 👍 🤣🤣
Seriously though, it was quite educational from simplistic to a more complex explanation.
Loved it. They just aren't making them like they used to make them
If all my professors were like this guy I would’ve had 5 Nobel prizes by now
It is really basic and simple presentation to be honest. It is important to not exaggerate anything to obscene levels.
@@JV-tw6lt who told you that it’s actually very important to exaggerate things.
@@DGKFBGMd33Zy3 I see a lot of fools online who are in the majority typically. They elevate people to god level one moment and drop them down to ground at the next. To avoid this one needs to be highly civilized, humble and rational minded.
These old school presentations beat the pants off our more modern ones. I wonder what went wrong.
Govt got involved
@@mileswelch5136 its always been involved.
Preference for stupidity
Entertainment and trying to keep the viewer's attention due to modern dopamine addiction and low attention span ruined it.
I thoroughly enjoyed this class! So detailed! Learned a lot!
This reminds me of the class I had when I got a job on the assembly floor at P&WA in 1977. I assembled JT8s and JT9s. I’ve been in test cell control rooms. Some of those guys in there are probably working for the customer. We used to see someone from the airplane company and the airline buying that plane.
Worked at P&W from the late 80's thru the late 90's....I took a textbook directed version of this course but, either way, it is very nice coverage of the basic engine architecture as well as the thermodynamic & aerodynamic principles of jet engines. Fun product to work on....as a mechanical engineer, there are few jobs where you can get your hands on this much horsepower right out of school.
my Dad tested Jet engines at P&W 60s, 70s and components in the '80s. He hung out in the back of the field near the fence for years
We're you in Middletown, East fartford, Cheshire. Or another state? I was in Middletown for a short time
@@highlandermachineworks5795 in WPB, FL
I worked at a model company back in 83. We built a model very similar to that one. It was a PW F100
better than most school lectures today who agrees
This is Gold ! YT is amazing for educational clips like this, I save these in a dedicated playlist
No wonder these engines are so Jet-A starved.... fuel is just eaten up at such a fast rate that the wings and other fuel reservoirs are massive and very heavy. It's no wonder that these engines have to be MASSIVE to be able to move enough air to lift tons of mass into the air (weight of the passengers and airframe itself). Can you imagine all of the physics of an airplane having to come together and work flawlessly while human beings are being moved from point A to point B in these dangerous air-vessels? Lift, thrust, compression, pressurization, hydraulics, cooling, heating, comfort, electronics, weather, speed, materials, metallurgy and a myriad of other things all have to come together and work flawlessly., without fail. No wonder these high-speed air vessels fail every so often just on their own (not including pilot faults).
Very good explanation how a jet engine works !
I put JP-7 in my car and it went around the block in 3 seconds. That stuff is great.
Jet engines don't suck! I love them...
Lol they do but, that's not the way your meaning. (Suck, squeeze, bang, blow)
Oh, no ...
Jet engines do suck!
And they blow! 😁
@@ELCADAROSA 😂
Reading the comments reveals a lot about the people who watch YT videos....
THIS VIDEO IS INTENDED FOR GENERAL AUDIENCE NOT FOR ENGINEERS!
If you throw Thermodynamics, aerodynamics, work, energy, momentum at the common mortal, he will stop watching. This is a well explained PRINCIPLE of how jet engines work! It is well spoken and shows in a simple way how this works.
Everything goes in the inlet of the engine, the rain, the snow, the ice AND the birds 🤕
Not if the cats get em first! Yummm
mostly air though
That's what you call the sh*t hitting the fan. It's for the birds.
The history of the jet engine is actually fascinating, especially when you consider it was turned down for years during the war and the developer had basically no funding and had to work in a derelict workshop
Actually it was the Nazi's who developed the jet engine. No one else on earth even knew the technology existed.
A good example of turboshaft engines are the RR/Allison 250C engines that power the MD500 or Bell Jet Ranger helicopters, a sweet sound on start-up, I must say.
The best and most through explinations
This is a great informative video. I like this man's demeanor.
What a comprehensive lecture. Marvelous to say the least. 🎉🎉🎉
Excellent video! Explained so much in detail and easy to follow. Best I’ve seen of all the youtube jet videos.
Yet the one question I’ve had for years remains unanswered. With a rocket, it’s easy to see that the combustion gases push against the rocket nozzle itself, thus transferring thrust to the superstructure.
With a turbojet, ALL the videos and explanations just say “Newtons Law”, gas jets out the back and gives forward thrust. But exactly WHAT is the exhaust gas “pushing against”?
The best I can imagine is most is pushing against the forward structures of the combustion chambers, and a good portion is also effectively pushing against the compressed air at the last stage of the compressor.
I imagine the compressed air forms a stationary front, just aft of the final blade wheel. And since exhaust gas cant really ‘push’ against air (another gas), it is actually the spinning compressor blades “generating” the “thrust” as they maintain 20-40 ATM compressed air pressure.
Thus the “thrust” is actually ultimately generated in the main rotor itself, and transferred to the superstructure by the bearing system.
I recall on commercial flights, at takeoff, the engines whine higher and higher and higher - then there’s a sudden ‘boom’ and solid roar - I think that is the stationary compressed air front forming and reaching static equilibrium with the combustion front.
Anyone can comment on this?
Wow, this is pretty good!!! A primer before people go to channels like AgentJayZ LOL
Excelent explanation , it can not be found nowadays, something has been lost in modern teaching
Surprised at some of the terms. Perhaps I'm just younger and there's newer terms now?
The After Burner is also called a 'Reheat'. The after burned section is sometimes referred to as a 'Flame Tube' or 'Reheat Section' or 'Reheat Tube', since it's literally just a tube. An empty can. Though it does use a jacket.
The C-D Nozzel exit is also called an 'Ejector'. If the C-D nozzle is a variable one its a 'Variable CD Ejector'.
Flame holders are briefly gone over here and I don't know if the description was adequate? The Flame Holdsr purposely causes turbulent air that spirals and stalls, for mixing and for maintaining the flame. Air that is super sonic will blow out the flame.
Why?
Because the Flame can only ignite so fast - there are two terms here, Flame front and Flame Propagation. It might surprise people to know but... for those of us Americans whom love our guns? We can tell you that we actually prefer slower burning powder better than faster powders for the charge. The slower power allows pressure to build and ultimate leads to better performance of muzzle velocities in most cases.
The jet engine is no different. We are simply shooting a stream of air out the barrel instead of a bullet. The limit, though, is in reverse. If the air + fuel mixture can only propagate the flame front so quickly, then we need to slow down the air that's being ignited like we want to reduce the burn rate of an charge for a bullet. If we don't, the air will be moving too fast and out run the speed in which the flame propagates, and thus you have a flame out.
Flame holders are of use in Combustion Chambers as well, depending on the engine. They're primarily to agitate and cause turbulence for more adequate mixing.
The CD variable Nozzle and the Tube jacket are not just for accelerating or decelerating the ejected air stream. Ambient pressure can cause back pressure to occur and the bleed air from the jacket, provided by the bypass air, as well as the use of the variable nozzle ejector, all try to balance out that possible back pressure to ensure more efficient 'ejection' of the air stream. Remember, your goal is to not only throw as much air out the back as possible, Thrust = MxA of course... but you also want to make sure that you're imparting as much of that thrust to the engine's structure itself. It makes no use if you're throwing out so much thrust but have the thrust be diluted due to going off in all directions. You want to make sure all that thrust is pushing on your engine in the one, singular direction so that you're getting the maximum physical reaction out of that thrust mass.
Would you want a faster-burning powder for short-barreled handguns?
Very informative and eloquent. Thanks
Nice video covering the basics. 👍👏.
THIS IS A TRUE, INSTRUCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE, I LOVE IT, AND ALL A JEWEL OF KNOWLEDGE WITH AERO SPACE TECHNOLOGY ...
This explains a very complicated concept in a very easy to understand way without glossing over information
Great vid. Absolutely rocking comb-over.
Awesome video. Modern videos can't compete.
What year was this made? It's so fascinating to me to see these older videos
I learned a lot from this lecture.
Thanks for this wonderful explanation.
Rolls Royce employed three spools on their large engines if I'm not mistaken=Low-Intermediate-High pressure.
Got it from GE
The Concorde engines were 3-spool. Bristol Olympus.
@@andyharman3022 Thanks
The Trent 1000
Are there any that used 4 spools?
Thanks for this informative tutorial.
This video has orders of magnitude more instructive value than all of the turbo encabulator videos put together.
A really good documentary .one which I enjoyed watching a lot
Good watch. Learned a lot. Didn’t know all those veiny outside tubes carry lubricant and air. And how a turbojet engine basically has one moving part lol. Though I wonder how the pneumatic starter gets it’s energy?
Great video, his explanation of how a jet engine works has really helped me understand why jet engines takes thousands and thousands of gallons of kerosene for a 5 hour flight to cross the country. Plus once the plane is high up in the sky in a oxygen rich environment it takes more fuel to burn hotter.........Gosh, no wonder why jets are so expensive, it's because they are more complex than a combustion engine car.
I thought high up in the sky , was oxygen Deficient 🤔
@@knocksensor3203 your right, my mistake lol. That's why they have the oxygen masks fall down in an emergency, and down close to the ground is where all the oxygen settles.
Nothing better than this. I call the approach Simplistic Conceptualization. Offfical term ? Everything is good but the concept is even clearer when slowly emphasizes that in supersonic mode, the convergent/divergent principle is reverse. Also air enters into the engine front end needs to be subsonic. That explains why the nozzle throat is that way and why the nozzle opens in after-burner (supersonic) mode.
Great lecture I love it
This video explains literally IT ALL!!!!!
This channel deserves multi million subscribers..
I did not know all this engineering wass behind my F100 engine. What a noble pickup truck 😂😂
This is great I learned a lot 💯👍🏾
I love instructional videos like this, and especially this authority voice :D
One question I have about this explanation is why the combustion exhaust all seems to go out the exhaust. The combusting gases would go in all directions, so some would go forward too.
wow this is super easy to understand thanks!
Yes Boss! Every action has a same reaction.
I really happy to got recomendation from TH-cam for this video only.
🔥🔥
I'm gonna fall asleep so hard to this later. Thanks for the upload, excel spreadsheet videos stopped working after a while.
Outstanding presentation!
A visually, educationally great presentation! one constructive criticism: there seems
to be a conspicuous absence of any information on the turbo encabulator. Otherwise though, it’s Huell-Hauser-level gold :)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_encabulator
I learnt a lot from this video, I thank I'll be a jet mechanik
nice presentation of axial combustolators
Im 47 years old and today watched this for the first time. Call me a slow starter!
39:53 British vs American moment ;) Great video, cheers!
Are there any videos of compression test only using simulated spin up?
Very, very cool vídeo ! 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻
Excellent presentation
Found it! I watched this when I was in high school and have been looking for it for a long time!
Great document!
That cop really looks like he means business
Very pleased that this was recommended to me 👌
Where can I found the full series? What's the name of the professor?
Yeah, that would be great to find the full series.
This was a video shown to new Pratt & Whitney employees for training. Late 1980's would be my guess.
Using a bullet recoil as an example of jet propulsion ... nice
What would happen in a vacuum?
On the earth, the issuing thrust pushes against the atmosphere.
In a vacuum, what does the thrust push against?
It doesn't have to "push against" anything.
In a vacuum, a rockets fuel and oxidizer is burned and converted to hot gasses which expand and are propelled through a nozzle. The acceleration of the propellant mass creates an equal and opposite reaction that is thrust.
A Jet engine (turbine engine) is an air breathing internal combustion engine and it cannot operate in a vacuum. Only a rocket that brings along its own oxidizer can operate in the vacuum of outer space.
@@Triple_J.1 I realise the difference between a rocket and a jet.
My question is about the action of the thrust.
The thrust is a gas and so pushes in all directions at once. Inside the engine against the internal surfaces, and outside against the atmosphere.
The fire hose in the video shows the reaction of the operators, to the reaction of the water hitting the atmosphere.
My misunderstanding, is that in a vacuum the thrust would empty into nothingness.
I've seen a video of a balloon powered, toy car. When released the car shot off, as you'd expect, across the floor.
However, when a vacuum cleaner hose was directed across the balloon's discharge flow the car remained still. The thrust was sucked away and the reaction to move the toy lost.
The exhaust gases are thrown out of the engine backwards. Momentum is always conserved, so an equal momentum is imparted to the engine in the exact opposite direction - forward. No atmosphere needed. The jet engine needs air to operate, but that air can come from a tank and then the engine would operate fine outside of an atmosphere (the air tank would not be practical at all, but that's an engineering problem, not a physics problem).
@@mytube001 OK.
Imagine it would be possible to engage reverse thrust while the plane was stationary.
Which direction would the plane roll?
@@01menyou No. You got that a little wrong. If you sit in your office chair and throw books at your co-worker, your chair (if it's on a nice smooth floor) will move the other way. Did you think those books were pushing on the atmosphere? That "reaction" is what pushes a jet engine forward. They decided not to throw books out the window so they throw hot gas out instead. It's one of the most important and misunderstood principles in physical science.
It’s an oldie but a goodie.
It was made in 1988!
Who the hell was this video originally for?
A nice video. One thing I didn't get is where the thrust force is borne on the engine body. When the jet flow pushes the air at the back of the engine, a reaction force pushes back. This is where the thrust comes from. If this reaction force was a hand, where would it be placed?
Answering your question is easier with a drawing etc. Let's see if I can help answer your question through text. First off, in my description, do not add 'afterburner - augmentation' to what you are seeing. Afterburner, aka augmentation, is a separate discussion.
Trust is multiple factors (physics) the jet (air-exhust) stream exiting the exhaust as the pressure (exhaust) is expelled produces thrust. Even better yet, there are INTERNAL forces from the thrust produced. These forces are pushing inside the whole jet engine.
These internal forces push energy through and against the fan, compressor, burner, turbine, and exhaust (airplane). In your mind, see arrows (air/pressure) internally pushing the engine. Again, what moves a jet engine are the internal push and the exhaust push.
Blowing up a balloon holding the end closed... There are forces inside, but don't move the balloon... It needs an exit (exhaust). Opening the balloon end, the expelled air and internal pressure push the balloon.
If you grabbed a jet engine (using your hand), you'd hold/wrap the whole engine... Then you are the external force propelling the airplane.
Lastly, back to the balloon when you let it go - it moves sporadically everywhere. To control this random reaction, we add flight controls so we can control the direction of flight.
Now do not misunderstand; my explanation doesn't cover the theory of flight... That's a different explanation.
I hope my explanation helps you understand the complex process of a jet engine.
@@xFalconFixer Guess I have got my answer thanks. If we imagine the engine like a tube which is closed at one end, there will be pressure inside the tube (to the whole inner surface) which will try to move the tube toward anywhere but the open end. Based on this model anything inside this tube is under pressure. Getting back to real engines this pressure is to the compressors (high), body (high), turbines (low) and exit funnel (low).
From what you said as a tube...both ends need to be open as the presses need a place to go. (Equal and opposite action/reaction.) You do know how a jet engine works? Suck, Squeeze, Bang, Blow.
An internal combustion engine creates similar power/force - but we transfer that energy from the engine block etc. to the driveshaft. The driveshaft is (partially) mainly what will move the machine. There are too internal forces as I described for a jet.
@@xFalconFixer Yes the close end I said to model the compressor side of the engine (inlet).
Thank thank , this is an excellent video.
this one here is truly a gem
Very informative
I love this Jewel 💎
What is "flame out"?. Is it because the burner stage is not getting enough air to sustain continued ignition? Does it literally mean the flame runs out? Or does a lack of pressure cause the ignition point to move closer to the compressor? I guess that would cause the turbine to move slower causing less air in causing less burn?
I thought for a second this would be a sales pitch for people who wanted to generate inverse reactive current for unilateral phase detractors
Using cardinal grammeters, no doubt.
Does this means that it needs aluminum materials for heat sustenance???
Probably more like titanium, etc... Aluminum is a bit, how do I put it, "melty". =)
I mean sure, some of the cooler parts could certainly use aluminum, but even the compressor exit and diffusor temperatures are near the melting point of aluminum, and it does get quite soft even before it melts.
I'm still missing something here. I understand precisely how a 4 stroke automobile engine creates power by the burning of fuel in the combustion chamber and the expansion of the air fuel mixture forces the piston down when intake and exhaust valves are closed. But a jet engine is "open" on both ends. Why doesn't the jet fuel/air mixture expand forward instead of backward or both ways? In an internal combustion engine the ONLY way the burning fuel/air mixture can expand is by pushing the piston down and turning the crankshaft. What am I missing? I don't understand why it always goes out the back of the engine. And where does the power com from to turn the fans and the turbine?
Esme Sara khel right quantity of fuel (input )+ parts aceept that input without any problem , and exhaust and sound comes in a right sequence
Can you give an idea about the actuator variant for operating the 3 stage VGWing and VIGW