I've studied passive filter at school, 6 month of studying just that argument. Great Scott does it a couple of minutes video. I used to draw lot of Bode charts!
I always watch your electronic video, not because i can understand what your are saying (never understand even a single word) but i watch because im amaze, how you able to think and calculate that much.
Your "engineer penmanship" style is fricking awesome dude... I used to do calculations similarly in college... but I've lost it since I don't use it anymore
A huge part of the discussion missed when dealing with filtering components of capacitors and inductors is the phase change introduced. The phase change is visible on every one of your input/output examples on the oscilloscope. This is a critical consideration. For example, when a dual component (12dB/octave) crossover is used on both the high- and low-pass sections, the output for each will be 90 degrees out of phase totaling to 180 degrees, and the woofer and tweeter will be out of phase and cancel each other out at the crossover frequency. The correction for this situation would be to connect either the woofer or tweeter opposite to how they would normally be connected.
the crossover can be complex because of 3 things : 1) to flatten the impedance of speaker drivers so they act more like resistors because otherwise your calculations using that formula won't make sense once you change that dummy load resistor with real speaker driver. 2) how steep are your crossover ? Bessel, Butterworth, LR, 1st or 2nd or 3rd order etc. 3) how well behaved the frequency response of your speaker drivers. hope that helps.
I had to study 3 years of Electronics Engineering just to understand this video! Before i used to watch your videos and didn't understand much, but i watched them anyways!
In India we use rc filters at the input section and the filtered signals are separately amplified by multiple amplifier IC s,and for better low frequency response we use op-amp low pass filter at the input of the channel dedicated for subwoofer.then the stereo amplifier consist of three channels (2.1 system)
You could improve the old cross over by simply replacing the capacitors which ALWAYS degrade over time. In order to start from scratch a crossover that gets the best performance out of the drivers or even to select a good set of drivers from scratch, you need the FRD and ZMA files or the ability to measure and derive them from the drivers themselves. Once you have the files, a free cross over design program like PCD (passive cross over designer) or WinPCD can be used to maximize the performance of the selected drivers. The enclosure type and size is also critical and there are several on line box programs. Parts Express provides the FRD and ZMA files for all of their Dayton Audio drivers and also offers several other brands of DIY drivers. The PE forum is a good source of information as is that of the DIY Sound group. The programs take care of all of the complex math.
Actually, all you need is a bunch of different coils and capacitors, and a ts chart so you know where to start, I've done it many many times, you don't need a computer at all, except to order the parts,
A little project/challenge for you, Scott: since you love bikes, you could create a video converting a motor (2 stroke/4 stroke) from a carburetor fuel delivery system, to an EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection) one, since it's 2019! Surely not a challenge for somebody like you. Also, it can be done with any microcontroller, Arduino too, since it's all about reading data, and doing actions in the given timing.
I once wanted to put an LM35 inside the output filter inductor of my 3D printer to measure its temp. The high frequency switching induced a shitload of noise on the sensor's wires and would display nonsense. Thats where I remembered those RC filters... Needles to say that a low pass with fc around 500Hz did the job and the measurements were crystal clear afterwards. So dont neglect your filters people even in simple tasks!!!
Well, i have ti correct you in one Point: Most speaker companys save Money with the Crossover. They use cheaper components for it. You can tune your Speakers by rebuilding the Crossover with high quality parts and wiring it in Air instead of the PCB. This applies also to high cost Hifi and high end speakers.
One small step size for man, one giant (but lightweight) rf-leaper - and lots of videos on TH-cam 😁 I think up next content will be on the combination of the walki talkie and an audio crossover for audio output (currently directly driven by the atmel) - giving much better audio quality. HiFi even?
The best setup is a class T amplifier for the woofer and a class C one for the mid and high range. The signal is being processed by the amplifiers itself. This brings you the most efficient speaker with the best sound.
That original 'complicated' crossover had a Zobel network. It's designed to help present a constant load to the crossover, compensating for the need to account for the equivalent driver circuit in the crossover. Modeling a woofer as an 8 ohm resistor is a bad idea, considering its inductance will turn a 2nd order filter into a poorly tuned 3rd order filter. With a 2nd order network, you'd invert the terminals on one speaker to account for the 180 degree phase shift. But on a 3rd order network, there would be no point to reversing polarity on one speaker. Fun fact: I replaced an off the shelf crossover with my own design a week ago. The difference is that I designed the speaker enclosure, and chose the drivers, but got cheap with the crossover when I built them. I finally have money for a proper crossover. 16 AWG air core inductors and polypropylene caps for a 60W monitor. It helped that I measured the impedance curves for both drivers and knew what circuit I was really dealing with, along with having a 3D printer for printing the inductor cores for winding them.
Another EE here (but haven't dealt with such filters since school). I can't help but think that the signal should be treated digitally (near-"brick walls rolloffs" can be trivially calculated using 1024 point FFTs (not an option when I learned this). Reasons to not do this include the cost of the DSP (probably just a raspberry pi for this crew, but hopefully you can break out the channels at the source of the audio), plus the need for more amplifying channels (although each can have lower power and be optimized for thier frequency range, like using class-d for the woofer). Passive crossovers are likely better between mid range and tweeters, and just split out the woofer (and subwoofer if needed) digitally (this may even reduce a channel needed. At least that's what I've heard of the phase issues (all rlc filters induce phase issues, but a good DSP method's won't be measurable), the higher frequency phase errors aren't nearly as audible to humans.
Yeah DSP is certainly the preferable method, and allows for far more processing than just filtering, but as you say... cost increase and requires a channel per band. An Rpi isn't really suitable for DSP purposes, but a dedicated DSP chip is not expensive, and could be controlled by an Rpi easily if a UI is desired.
Just built a pair of 3 way floor standing speakers - open source design (SB Acoustics Rinjani) I just bought the drivers and built the cabs myself - didn't bother with the passive crossovers - for just a $100 more bought an active DSP that let's you experiment with this stuff in real time - way better. Now with Parts Express selling really nice amps with on board DSP I can't understand why any home builder would bother with passive cross over any more.
i dont mean to be so offtopic but does anyone know of a trick to get back into an instagram account?? I somehow forgot my account password. I would appreciate any tips you can give me!
@Atticus Alexander I really appreciate your reply. I found the site thru google and I'm in the hacking process atm. Takes quite some time so I will reply here later when my account password hopefully is recovered.
These info is great , I would love to see a video of phase line filters for avoiding EMC noise with motors, is my headache working with micro controllers and big motors
I am redoing the crossover in a set of speakers I have. I am just reverse engineering my existing crossover and building an exact copy with all the same values with much better components while keeping the originals intact. They are not high-end speakers, but they are $1000+ speakers and I think I can squeeze a bit more performance out of the band pass and tweeter circuits with better components. They sound good over all but sometimes it seems like the mids/highs take a step back at higher volumes on really complex tracks. I wouldn't say muddy but I would like a bit more clarity. They don't get any worse as you turn it up, even at house shaking levels they remain relatively clean. That's why I think I can get a bit more performance in the middle out of them with better caps and coils.
Don't throw out IIR filters just yet. It can do a fantastic job when combined with digital delay between drivers. Also FIR can significantly delay the audio resulting in poor lip sync if you are not careful
love the videos! Just finished a Digital Signal Processing course for my EE degree and your videos become cooler with each semester finished because I actually understand it all now! Also, please treat those poor highlighters better, just going right over those fresh ink pen marks :(
Would you consider building an active crossover that would feed into a dual channel 50w D-class amplifier and BI-AMP a two way speaker (Woofer and Tweeter) and comparing the improvement over a passive crossover driven by a single 100w amp.
Active crossover before the power amplifer is also an option using op amp filters that do not need inductors and are not affected by the electrical characterestics of the speaker
another reason not to use simple RC-filters for loudspeakers is that the impedance of the loudspeaker (typically 4-8 ohm, almost real and not complex) has to be accounted for, since it is effectively in parallel with the output component of the filter (parallel with C for the lowpass and parallel with R for the highpass). Such a low resistance in parallel would mean that you would have to use veeeery large capacitors to get their reactance into the same order of magnitude for audio frequencies.
@@justgame5508 Wow that does sure go beyond me! I enjoy watching these videos still, even if a lot of it is beyond what i understand - i still always seem to learn something
Tweeter can sound good if tuned well, but woofer is going to lose more. Using short cooper thick cables, can help.That is why active cabinets sound better
Yes. It's difficult to translate literally but it clearly comes from the spoken word saying "mennä vituiksi". Further "mennä" means "to go" and "vittu" being the Finnish equivalent to "fuck". In this context it's used to describe how something went, not as an action of doing something.
i once created a lpf by shorting the audio wires with a capacitor. it kind worked but had issues with 50hz humming. also I now know why my audio software has a filterX1 and a filterX4 :D
Probably can't cover Chebychev polynomial and such in channel like this, but I often wondered if they use Cauer filters with judiciously selected null point.
I litterlay just watched the video while reading ALL OF THE COMMENTS. Pls do a video about something about electric cars, because they are a popular subject now.
Just a reminder that we say db per octave and not decade. For the rest, great video! The crossover you got from Ebay is quite cheap! Maybe you should have replaced parts in the old x-over by better ones, but of course it all depend on how much you want to invest. Thanks!
The fact that amplifier boards are dirt cheap nowadays means there is no need to use beefy crossover as the old-school ways... The filtering can be done at the input stage using simple R-C circuits then the input signals are fed to separate drivers. That is, the woofer and the tweeter have their own amplifiers... Much easier to achieve similar results but of course, one has to appreciate how people in the past made the best out of their current technology, and carefully designed circuits often outperform their more recent counterparts...
His speakers have an impedance of 4 ohms. Impedance is the combined result of all resistive, capacitive and inductive components in a circuit. Meaning there's no reactance, just like with resistive loads. However, speakers like electrostats or magnetostats have an steep impedance curve and is not a static impedance set on 4 or 8 ohms. Replacing those with a dummy resistive load won't do the job.
An impedance of 4 Ohm does not necessarily equal a purely resistive component of the same value. Basically it could be any combination of resistive, capacitive and inductive elements, that equals this impedance at a given frequency. Impedance is sort of "AC Ohms", but it is frequency dependant if there's not just a purely resistive component. A 4 Ohm impedance can have a significant phase shift between current and voltage.
@@wi_zeus6798 Not necessarily indeed. When impedance is given at a specific frequency it can differ on a different frequency of course. But a static figure on itself will stay the same. 4 is 4 and will always be 4, independent of the frequency, since it isn't specified depending on a frequency. The reason that in this case impedance is specified as a static resistance of 4 ohms is because the deviations caused by frequency response are insignificantly small. So basically its the nominal impedance which is specified by manufacturers of most standard dynamic loudspeakers. However, it does not apply to all types of speakers, especially electrostatic speakers often have their impedance curve specified in a graph, since those variations actually are noticeable, mostly because of their high nominal impedance, which needs to be matched with the amplifier by use of an audio transformer.
recently i built a 2.1 using that 2 dual tpa 3116d2 classd total 4 channels 0f which only 1 is not used i/p grounded, used 1 channel for the sub woofer, did not even make any extra LPF for it for it would require an extra dual voltage supply for the ne5532, just combined the left & right channel with two 56k resistors & input to the 3116d2, i have noticed even in my sony 3cd changer speakers no crossover for the woofer only non polar caps for the tweeter, also in my logitech Z5500 no inductor for the massive 180W rms sub.
The more coils and caps and stuff you add to your crossover , the more transients it will eat up . And power , but power today is not a problem , but transients are clarity and you dont want to lose that .
Hmmm one question here, The ooutput of the speaker is pretty much the current that flows trought it right? so doesnt the phase shift of a coil or capacitor change it as the incoming signal is voltage modulated and not current modulated. Or is this change just too small to notice
I've studied passive filter at school, 6 month of studying just that argument.
Great Scott does it a couple of minutes video.
I used to draw lot of Bode charts!
Yep, good old Laplace and transfer functions
For stuff like this, one would work with lots of polynomial math than Bode plots. Chebychev was one sadistic bastard!
Haha he was, our professor would take points off if the plot did not show a slope of -20 db/dec
Sry i speak peasant what degree was this for?
Electrical Engineering
FULL BRIDGE RECTIFIER... oh wrong channel :p
Full bridge audio rectifier
Full bridge rectumfrier
Beating a dead horse
@@caffeinatedinsanity2324 Where can I buy such a rectumfrier, Sir?
Mr. Boom lol
ElectroBoom and GreatScott! Fans?
Yeah ;P
Jea
I always watch your electronic video, not because i can understand what your are saying (never understand even a single word) but i watch because im amaze, how you able to think and calculate that much.
An outstanding - clear; concise; and comprehensive job covering the material !! Thanks Great Scott !!
Your "engineer penmanship" style is fricking awesome dude... I used to do calculations similarly in college... but I've lost it since I don't use it anymore
JLC PCB is like your new intro, in every video
Well, they keep the show going.
wow this video did a better job explaining filters than my EE proffessor
Your handwriting,the way you write and draw things is amazing
A huge part of the discussion missed when dealing with filtering components of capacitors and inductors is the phase change introduced. The phase change is visible on every one of your input/output examples on the oscilloscope. This is a critical consideration. For example, when a dual component (12dB/octave) crossover is used on both the high- and low-pass sections, the output for each will be 90 degrees out of phase totaling to 180 degrees, and the woofer and tweeter will be out of phase and cancel each other out at the crossover frequency. The correction for this situation would be to connect either the woofer or tweeter opposite to how they would normally be connected.
True, but not neccessarily. Sometimes the phase shift of the speaker drivers themselves offsets the crossover phase shift.
Equalization is quantization 🧐
Your diagram drawing is very therapeutic! :)
the crossover can be complex because of 3 things : 1) to flatten the impedance of speaker drivers so they act more like resistors because otherwise your calculations using that formula won't make sense once you change that dummy load resistor with real speaker driver. 2) how steep are your crossover ? Bessel, Butterworth, LR, 1st or 2nd or 3rd order etc. 3) how well behaved the frequency response of your speaker drivers. hope that helps.
needed lossless format (WAV/FLAC/ALAC)
Learned something new!! A 'decade" isn't only just a measurement of 10yr increments ;)
This is the best video for sleeping at night lol i literally slept while watching the video
Your channel helped me learning electronics, and I'm doing an economic college. Thanks😁
I had to study 3 years of Electronics Engineering just to understand this video! Before i used to watch your videos and didn't understand much, but i watched them anyways!
Good one old TESLA capacitor :D
Just looked at the comment section to see if anyone else noticed XD
I have some foil capacitors at home along with thick coils and even op amps from Tesla.
"Good" old communism times in Czech Republic... XD
Tesla legendární značka :D
True, I love Tesla’s caps and any older Tesla tech =D
@@electrixhusky2379 jo no =D
-20dB per decade? Taking 10 years to turn down the volume seems kinda inefficient.
Lol.
Never heard decade used with audio before. Since when did octaves go decimal?
@@SuperGrover Bode plots are usually on the logramithic scale, in powers of 10.
@@bassboy2947, exactly
@@nyeleskettes Üdvözlet! Ön véletlenül nem a budapesti Radnóti Miklós Gimnáziumban (volt) fizikatanár?
nice video! i used to learn about bandpass and band stop filters in school. the equations get really crazy with all the complex parts
That may stupidity to you but I learned a whole lot of things from it. Thank you for doing it.
Crisp and clear explaination ❤
In India we use rc filters at the input section and the filtered signals are separately amplified by multiple amplifier IC s,and for better low frequency response we use op-amp low pass filter at the input of the channel dedicated for subwoofer.then the stereo amplifier consist of three channels (2.1 system)
0:40 WOOW, amazing, Capacitors made by TESLA from czechoslovakia!
He's from Germany
You can pop back the dustcap with a vacuum cleaner.
EDIT:thanks for the likes
and if that doesn't work: Use a small, long needle, poke a hole in it, and pry it out (using the same needle)
Yeah
failing that again, toothpick and a very very tiny drop of glue, either hot or superglue, thats up to you and the material of the cap
Sticky tape does the job as well as long as it’s not too sticky ;)
for rigid/metallic dust caps, hot glue + toothpick or lips-sucking techniques work... :}
You could improve the old cross over by simply replacing the capacitors which ALWAYS degrade over time. In order to start from scratch a crossover that gets the best performance out of the drivers or even to select a good set of drivers from scratch, you need the FRD and ZMA files or the ability to measure and derive them from the drivers themselves. Once you have the files, a free cross over design program like PCD (passive cross over designer) or WinPCD can be used to maximize the performance of the selected drivers. The enclosure type and size is also critical and there are several on line box programs. Parts Express provides the FRD and ZMA files for all of their Dayton Audio drivers and also offers several other brands of DIY drivers. The PE forum is a good source of information as is that of the DIY Sound group. The programs take care of all of the complex math.
The Impulse Audio and 123Toid youtube channels have videos that go through the cross over design process using the free cross over design programs.
Actually, all you need is a bunch of different coils and capacitors, and a ts chart so you know where to start, I've done it many many times, you don't need a computer at all, except to order the parts,
A little project/challenge for you, Scott:
since you love bikes, you could create a video converting a motor (2 stroke/4 stroke) from a carburetor fuel delivery system, to an EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection) one, since it's 2019! Surely not a challenge for somebody like you. Also, it can be done with any microcontroller, Arduino too, since it's all about reading data, and doing actions in the given timing.
Dudeeee congratulations on 1M
Hope you reach 10M soon
Love from India ❤️
Iam waiting for this video for along time because iam dj maintenance and make alot of this circuits but iam learned alot from you thanks bro.
I didn't expect this crossover.
I once wanted to put an LM35 inside the output filter inductor of my 3D printer to measure its temp. The high frequency switching induced a shitload of noise on the sensor's wires and would display nonsense. Thats where I remembered those RC filters... Needles to say that a low pass with fc around 500Hz did the job and the measurements were crystal clear afterwards. So dont neglect your filters people even in simple tasks!!!
Especially when reading a DC signal.
You are a highly educated man please make your explanations easier so that more people can understand
You can always get into a new world of audio and go for active crossovers... :)
Well, i have ti correct you in one Point: Most speaker companys save Money with the Crossover. They use cheaper components for it. You can tune your Speakers by rebuilding the Crossover with high quality parts and wiring it in Air instead of the PCB.
This applies also to high cost Hifi and high end speakers.
Thanks for the information :-)
The pwm filtering is really useful too. Doing Arduino to CV for music!
Great video as always I just wanted to say I really LOVE the way you say "calculate" @ 00:36
Haha thanks for the feedback :-)
this video is so helpful to me, thank you!
Will you finish the walkie talkie project?
im also looking for it
Did you see Andres's fix on the opamp? Had to do with unpredictable behavior of a wave as it peaks near the high rail. One resistor.
Check out Andrea Spiess' video on modifying the walkie-talkie to actually work.
MitsuZer0G check the pinned commeny
One small step size for man, one giant (but lightweight) rf-leaper - and lots of videos on TH-cam 😁
I think up next content will be on the combination of the walki talkie and an audio crossover for audio output (currently directly driven by the atmel) - giving much better audio quality. HiFi even?
The best setup is a class T amplifier for the woofer and a class C one for the mid and high range. The signal is being processed by the amplifiers itself. This brings you the most efficient speaker with the best sound.
God does anyone else wish you had his handwriting
I've never really thought about how the sound gets split between the woofer and tweeter. Good to know. 👍
Very good video. I Like it 👍
That original 'complicated' crossover had a Zobel network. It's designed to help present a constant load to the crossover, compensating for the need to account for the equivalent driver circuit in the crossover. Modeling a woofer as an 8 ohm resistor is a bad idea, considering its inductance will turn a 2nd order filter into a poorly tuned 3rd order filter. With a 2nd order network, you'd invert the terminals on one speaker to account for the 180 degree phase shift. But on a 3rd order network, there would be no point to reversing polarity on one speaker.
Fun fact: I replaced an off the shelf crossover with my own design a week ago. The difference is that I designed the speaker enclosure, and chose the drivers, but got cheap with the crossover when I built them. I finally have money for a proper crossover. 16 AWG air core inductors and polypropylene caps for a 60W monitor. It helped that I measured the impedance curves for both drivers and knew what circuit I was really dealing with, along with having a 3D printer for printing the inductor cores for winding them.
Nice job. Would have also been nice to cover the phase relationship between inductors and capacitors.
u r so perfectionism in writing
*perfectionist
I forgot the guy who reviews TVs and calibrations for TVs but you remind me of him
Thank you so much Scott I wanted to know how to make a crossover for my project! Love your videos😁👍
Take a look at Kirby meets audio or soundblab or ask me because loudspeakers kan bee really confusing
@@klangfreund5244 Yeah I know both of them and have learnt a lot about audio ! BTW thanks
I'm listening to this on DIY speakers with DIY crossovers
Another EE here (but haven't dealt with such filters since school). I can't help but think that the signal should be treated digitally (near-"brick walls rolloffs" can be trivially calculated using 1024 point FFTs (not an option when I learned this). Reasons to not do this include the cost of the DSP (probably just a raspberry pi for this crew, but hopefully you can break out the channels at the source of the audio), plus the need for more amplifying channels (although each can have lower power and be optimized for thier frequency range, like using class-d for the woofer).
Passive crossovers are likely better between mid range and tweeters, and just split out the woofer (and subwoofer if needed) digitally (this may even reduce a channel needed. At least that's what I've heard of the phase issues (all rlc filters induce phase issues, but a good DSP method's won't be measurable), the higher frequency phase errors aren't nearly as audible to humans.
Yeah DSP is certainly the preferable method, and allows for far more processing than just filtering, but as you say... cost increase and requires a channel per band. An Rpi isn't really suitable for DSP purposes, but a dedicated DSP chip is not expensive, and could be controlled by an Rpi easily if a UI is desired.
Just built a pair of 3 way floor standing speakers - open source design (SB Acoustics Rinjani) I just bought the drivers and built the cabs myself - didn't bother with the passive crossovers - for just a $100 more bought an active DSP that let's you experiment with this stuff in real time - way better.
Now with Parts Express selling really nice amps with on board DSP I can't understand why any home builder would bother with passive cross over any more.
Awesome....
Make home appliances pcb theory as well as practical...
Like ...AC, fridge, Washing machine, TV etc...🙏
Even numbered crossovers (2nd order, 4th order) change the phase by 180 Degrees. The fix is reversing the tweeter polarity
Or the midrange driver, if we are speaking about a 3 way speaker.
Danke für die Guten Videos. Haben mir bei meiner Ausbildung immer gut geholfen. Weiter so
Is this video recorded with a new Sony camera ? :)
It is :-)
Cool!
i dont mean to be so offtopic but does anyone know of a trick to get back into an instagram account??
I somehow forgot my account password. I would appreciate any tips you can give me!
@Larry Brady Instablaster ;)
@Atticus Alexander I really appreciate your reply. I found the site thru google and I'm in the hacking process atm.
Takes quite some time so I will reply here later when my account password hopefully is recovered.
I bought a couple Amazon crossovers and soldered them in and test drove which one to keep. This is for old vintage speakers that I restored
nice vid, everytime my notification pop-up fo your vids i always remember the scientist in back to the future saying "great scott!" hehe
That program name though. 😂 I guessed immediately that the author is Finnish.
i went back to see what you where talking about... lol!! he blended that very well so it sounds technical! hahaha
Positive thinking has always been a finnish virtue. 🤣
I caught that also immediately, I laughed my ass off. Genius guy. Maybe he did have a real life example with beta to name the software XD
Can you share with those who don't know Finnish, please? :D
@@MrCh0o Heh, sure the software name is slightly altered, meaning F*cked cad ( same as F'd up) :D
Very good explanation, thanks Scott!
These info is great , I would love to see a video of phase line filters for avoiding EMC noise with motors, is my headache working with micro controllers and big motors
As always, you explainations are just amazing. It helps me to understand really well!
Thanks for the feedback :-)
Thanks man, this helped me to understand crossover bit better for my speaker projects
I am redoing the crossover in a set of speakers I have. I am just reverse engineering my existing crossover and building an exact copy with all the same values with much better components while keeping the originals intact. They are not high-end speakers, but they are $1000+ speakers and I think I can squeeze a bit more performance out of the band pass and tweeter circuits with better components. They sound good over all but sometimes it seems like the mids/highs take a step back at higher volumes on really complex tracks. I wouldn't say muddy but I would like a bit more clarity. They don't get any worse as you turn it up, even at house shaking levels they remain relatively clean. That's why I think I can get a bit more performance in the middle out of them with better caps and coils.
Hey great scott happy friendship day
MiniDSP modules are the answer. Forget passive filtering DIRAC is the way. FIR filters rock and the ability to correct phase is essential these days.
Don't throw out IIR filters just yet. It can do a fantastic job when combined with digital delay between drivers. Also FIR can significantly delay the audio resulting in poor lip sync if you are not careful
@@chrislambe400
Indeed. I'm just playing about with an IIR module right now... to run the sub in my wife's van.
love the videos! Just finished a Digital Signal Processing course for my EE degree and your videos become cooler with each semester finished because I actually understand it all now! Also, please treat those poor highlighters better, just going right over those fresh ink pen marks :(
A true man, with real concerns! Not to ruin highlighters!
Nice video 😋
What a lovely well made video. Well done.
Amazing video, possibly you can try to explain the phase as well? 😀
9:20 wrong equation! I love your videos btw!!!!!
Would you consider building an active crossover that would feed into a dual channel 50w D-class amplifier and BI-AMP a two way speaker (Woofer and Tweeter)
and comparing the improvement over a passive crossover driven by a single 100w amp.
Let’s just keep in mind that when the speaker is connected, the transfer function changes. Vout is not the same with load than it is without load.
Active crossover before the power amplifer is also an option using op amp filters that do not need inductors and are not affected by the electrical characterestics of the speaker
bi amping requires more amplifiers though, it certainly has it's advantages but they are usually only used at the very high end of audio equipment.
Who wants to have amplify two signals though...
Now there's 20$cad little 2ch amp, i think it is something worth thinking tho
Insane people...@@DatsunRacingTeam
another reason not to use simple RC-filters for loudspeakers is that the impedance of the loudspeaker (typically 4-8 ohm, almost real and not complex) has to be accounted for, since it is effectively in parallel with the output component of the filter (parallel with C for the lowpass and parallel with R for the highpass). Such a low resistance in parallel would mean that you would have to use veeeery large capacitors to get their reactance into the same order of magnitude for audio frequencies.
I remember struggling with this in engineering school. This video.... um yeah.... doesn't everyone know that? Great video tho. Lots of meat!
Great tutorial and link. Thanks!
This is one more good video!
Thank you, and I finally find the right video
cool. i used to explain that with decent speakers, the enclosure, the drivers and the crossover (when matched) are a full working set.
Nice video.
I always wait for your next video.
Thanks man
You're welcome :-)
You’re a fecking genius.
Now i wish i payed more attention in math 😂
@@justgame5508 Wow that does sure go beyond me! I enjoy watching these videos still, even if a lot of it is beyond what i understand - i still always seem to learn something
Wow, capacitor from Tesla!!! That's historic - originated in country that no longer exists ;)
Thanks for the video 💯 learned a lot
Tweeter can sound good if tuned well, but woofer is going to lose more. Using short cooper thick cables, can help.That is why active cabinets sound better
The developer of the software used on the video seems to have a proper sense of humor. Roughly translated from Finnish the name would be FuckedUpCAD.
Haha really?
Yes. It's difficult to translate literally but it clearly comes from the spoken word saying "mennä vituiksi". Further "mennä" means "to go" and "vittu" being the Finnish equivalent to "fuck". In this context it's used to describe how something went, not as an action of doing something.
i once created a lpf by shorting the audio wires with a capacitor. it kind worked but had issues with 50hz humming. also I now know why my audio software has a filterX1 and a filterX4 :D
Probably can't cover Chebychev polynomial and such in channel like this, but I often wondered if they use Cauer filters with judiciously selected null point.
I litterlay just watched the video while reading ALL OF THE COMMENTS. Pls do a video about something about electric cars, because they are a popular subject now.
Just a reminder that we say db per octave and not decade. For the rest, great video! The crossover you got from Ebay is quite cheap! Maybe you should have replaced parts in the old x-over by better ones, but of course it all depend on how much you want to invest. Thanks!
Amazing and very useful video
Plz also make a video on active audio crossovers.
The fact that amplifier boards are dirt cheap nowadays means there is no need to use beefy crossover as the old-school ways...
The filtering can be done at the input stage using simple R-C circuits then the input signals are fed to separate drivers. That is, the woofer and the tweeter have their own amplifiers...
Much easier to achieve similar results but of course, one has to appreciate how people in the past made the best out of their current technology, and carefully designed circuits often outperform their more recent counterparts...
Tesla capacitors from czechoslovakia 👍
Co ty tu :)
Love your videos from nepal
Maybe I missed it, but explaining why you need a crossover vs letting each speaker do its own thing.
to avoid freqs that sound poorly in each speaker.
You just tested with a 4 ohm load, but you used a resistive load, speakers are an impedance load not resistive.
Ac resistive loads = impedance load
His speakers have an impedance of 4 ohms.
Impedance is the combined result of all resistive, capacitive and inductive components in a circuit.
Meaning there's no reactance, just like with resistive loads.
However, speakers like electrostats or magnetostats have an steep impedance curve and is not a static impedance set on 4 or 8 ohms.
Replacing those with a dummy resistive load won't do the job.
An impedance of 4 Ohm does not necessarily equal a purely resistive component of the same value. Basically it could be any combination of resistive, capacitive and inductive elements, that equals this impedance at a given frequency. Impedance is sort of "AC Ohms", but it is frequency dependant if there's not just a purely resistive component. A 4 Ohm impedance can have a significant phase shift between current and voltage.
@@wi_zeus6798 Not necessarily indeed. When impedance is given at a specific frequency it can differ on a different frequency of course.
But a static figure on itself will stay the same. 4 is 4 and will always be 4, independent of the frequency, since it isn't specified depending on a frequency.
The reason that in this case impedance is specified as a static resistance of 4 ohms is because the deviations caused by frequency response are insignificantly small.
So basically its the nominal impedance which is specified by manufacturers of most standard dynamic loudspeakers.
However, it does not apply to all types of speakers, especially electrostatic speakers often have their impedance curve specified in a graph, since those variations actually are noticeable, mostly because of their high nominal impedance, which needs to be matched with the amplifier by use of an audio transformer.
He even measured the original speakers impedance with his multi-meter, so why worry about resistive load vs not resistive load ?
Very well done!
👍
recently i built a 2.1 using that 2 dual tpa 3116d2 classd total 4 channels 0f which only 1 is not used i/p grounded, used 1 channel for the sub woofer, did not even make any extra LPF for it for it would require an extra dual voltage supply for the ne5532, just combined the left & right channel with two 56k resistors & input to the 3116d2, i have noticed even in my sony 3cd changer speakers no crossover for the woofer only non polar caps for the tweeter, also in my logitech Z5500 no inductor for the massive 180W rms sub.
This reminds me of the electronics I learned at university. 😂
The more coils and caps and stuff you add to your crossover , the more transients it will eat up . And power , but power today is not a problem , but transients are clarity and you dont want to lose that .
Hmmm one question here, The ooutput of the speaker is pretty much the current that flows trought it right? so doesnt the phase shift of a coil or capacitor change it as the incoming signal is voltage modulated and not current modulated. Or is this change just too small to notice