Glacial Depositional Environments & Stratigraphy - Pt 1: Glacioterrestrial | GEO GIRL
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 15 มิ.ย. 2024
- Glacial processes and deposition on land are called glacioterrestrial. But do you ever wonder how glaciers move and pick up and deposit sediment? In this video, I go over, what a glacier is, how it forms, how it flows, the different types of glaciers, the three main ways till is produced and deposited by glaciers (melt out, lodgement, and deformation till), the landforms glaciers create (troughs, cirques, horns, tarns, aretes, kettles, kames, eskers, drumlins, moraines), and the stratigraphy of glaciotectonized and glacially deposited sediment. Glaciers form from the transformation of snow into firn which ten melts together and refreezes to form glacial ice. The process of glacier formation can take hundreds of years. Glaciers are classified by their morphologies, valley glaciers are those that flow down and carve valleys, piedmont glaciers are those that form a fan shape from flowing into an open area from a valley, and we also go over continental ice sheets, tidewater glaciers, and outlet glaciers. But how do glaciers move or flow? The movement of glaciers is driven by meltwater at their base. The bottom half of glaciers is more ductile than the top because of the pressure it is put under, so it will fold and the top half of the glacier will fracture as the glacier moves. Cold-based glaciers move differently than warm-based glaciers. Cold-based glaciers move by slow internal creep, while warm based glaciers move faster by and are highly erosive. While glaciers move and partially melt and refreeze at their base, they pick up sediment and re-deposit it downstream. Glaciers also scrape the rocks they flow on and through, forming glacial striations and gouges. The deposits laid by glaciers are called till or outwash and create landforms, such as end moraines, lateral moraines, drumlins, kames, roche moutonee, eskers, etc. I close out the video by going over typical glacial stratigraphy and how to recognize ancient glacial environments in the rock record.
References:
Depositional Sedimentary Environments: amzn.to/3ta678l
Facies models 4: amzn.to/3ysU6Mf
www.dkfindout.com/us/earth/gl...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumlin
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kame
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esker
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine
GEO GIRL Website: www.geogirlscience.com/ (visit my website to see all my courses, shop merch, learn more about me, and donate to support the channel if you'd like!)
0:00 What are glaciers?
1:17 How do glaciers form?
2:59 Glacier classification
3:07 Ice caps & ice sheets
3:27 Valley glaciers
3:59 Outlet glaciers
4:16 Piedmont glaciers
4:51 Tidewater glaciers & icebergs
5:20 How does ice flow?
7:04 Cold-based vs. warm-based glaciers
8:42 Glacial deposition
10:02 Till vs. outwash
10:43 Glacial landforms
12:11 Kame and kettle topography
12:48 Eskers
13:13 Drumlins
13:58 Lateral vs. end moraines
14:33 Erosive glacial landforms
16:26 Glacial stratigraphy
Directly offset your carbon footprint with Wren: shrsl.com/3d0t2
Non-textbook books I recommend:
Oxygen by D. Canfield: amzn.to/3gffbCL
Brief history of Earth by A. Knoll: amzn.to/3w3hC1I
Life on young planet by A. Knoll: amzn.to/2RBMpny
Some assembly required by N. Shubin: amzn.to/3w1Ezm2
Your inner fish by N. Shubin: amzn.to/3cpw3Wb
Oxygen by N. Lane: amzn.to/3z4FgwZ
Alien Oceans by K. Hand: amzn.to/3clMx1l
Life's Engines: amzn.to/3w1Nhke
Tools I use as a geologist/teacher/student:
Geology field notebook: amzn.to/3lb6dJf
Geology rock hammer: amzn.to/3DZw8MA
Geological compass: amzn.to/3hfbdLu
Geological hand lens: amzn.to/3jXysM5
Camera: amzn.to/3l6fGRT
Image sources:
amzn.to/3ysU6Mf
news.agu.org/press-release/mo...
www.swisseduc.ch/glaciers/glo...
snowbrains.com/nasa-pollution...
static.markiza.sk/a501/image/...
www.amazon.ca/Facies-Models-R...
i.pinimg.com/736x/46/3a/ed/46...
chubbyrevision.weebly.com/glac...
timeforgeography.co.uk/videos...
image.slidesharecdn.com/glaci...
searchmanitoba.weebly.com/lan...
sites.google.com/site/wickedr...
people.uwec.edu/jolhm/Superio...
geologypics.com/gl-27/
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Wow! I work as a hydrogeologist in Canada and have to deal with glacial sediments a lot. I wasn't able to take glacial geology at university due to scheduling issues. I find it really helpful to be able to understand sedimentary processes because it has a large impact on groundwater flow. These videos are super helpful for my job, you're a great teacher and this really helps me better understand glacial cross sections!
Thank you so much for the comment! This made my day, I am so glad you find my videos helpful! :D
Thank you for your videos! I love the amount of information they cover and the structure is just perfect!!
this is absolutely amazing. i’m just in awe. i love glaciers
Hi i am Simon form Slovakia, your presentation is so fluent and helpful. Thanks for sharing your knowledge!
Ur presentations are perfect and so are you! Thanks so much for these!
Aww, thanks so much, what a sweet comment! I am so glad you find my videos helpful. If there are any topics I haven't covered that you'd like me to go over, just let me know ;D
Thank you so much for all of your videos. Didn’t expect I’d be a geologist but I love this stuff so much!
~Think of ice as a mineral, glaciers are full of this mineral~, hah! Good presentation.
It did win the 2019 Mineral Cup! Personally I voted for quartz, but ice is cool too lol.
Exactly what I was looking for. Well done! I'll take what I learned into the high country in Montana later this summer.
Thank you! I hope you have a great time in Montana, it is so beautiful up there!!
15:32 I saw a lot of this on the South shore of Lake Superior a couple weeks ago. I assumed that's what it was from, but now i know! :)
Great video, thanks! :)
Oh cool! I have only ever seen pictures but hope to see this stuff in person someday! :D
@@GEOGIRL It's definitely a great area for Geologists! I found a few "pudding stones" while i was there as well. I learned from Steven Baumann that these are not native to Michigan, they originated ~2MM years ago from Hudson Bay and were transported down here from the glacial flow ( unless I am mis-remembering )? If i wasn't an engineer, i'd love to have studied Geology! =)
Nice session
Love from India
Your content is actually useful and excellent! Appreciate it!
So glad you found it helpful! Thanks!
thank you for your video, great resource for my homework!
So glad to hear that! :)
This is great coverage for my geology course! Thank you so much! Glaciers were always hard for me to grasp as well as all their features and basal sliding- this has helped me. :)
Thanks! (don't tell anyone, but glaciers were always the depositional systems that I struggled the most with too!) Making this video helped me get over my glacial obstacle, and I am so glad it helped you as well! :D
@@GEOGIRL hello mam...I learnt a great deal from this video on glacial depositional environment.
Can u plz suggest a book on depositional environment?
@@anshumaanverma3358 So glad you found this video helpful! I have listed my references in the description of the video, but my two fav depositional environment books are:
Depositional Sedimentary Environments: amzn.to/3ta678l
Facies models 4: amzn.to/3ysU6Mf
But these are a bit expensive so I found this one (amzn.to/3PPnAMR) which is a bit less and looks like it would be helpful, but I haven't actually read it so I don't know for sure.
Hope that helps ;)
Thanks
Thanks for this video
It was much needed
Bingo, here we go. Thanks!!
Good effort and very Helpful video!
So glad you found it helpful! Thanks for the comment :)
Great info, thanks for posting. We recently drilled a municipal well and I was looking at the samples for. The various depths and wanted to better understand what I was looking at. We went down 160’ and in that sample there was a smooth rounded rock that looked like it came out of a river bed. I’m in a heavily glaciated area and wondered if over time the glacier buried that ancient river 160’ down?
You are amazing!!
No you are! Oh my gosh, you just made my day, thank you!
THIS! You asked recently for activities to have with your grad students. Lots of material in here to maybe create some labs based off this material
Thank you so much for such a useful video. I have a question regarding one part. When you were going over the formation of a kettle you said it was formed by erosion during glacier movement creating a depression in the ground, and as the glacier retreats it leaves meltwater. However, a couple other resources said that a kettle forms by a part of the glacier falling off and causing a depression in the ground which it then fills up when it melts. I wasn’t sure which one is correct, if you could help me out I would be very thankful.
Aqua Donkey Prospecting approved!
Hi Rachel! This is currently a topical question for you and this seems like the video to ask it. You might recall that I went to Phoenix a few weekends back and outside of Phoenix there are massive "balancing boulders." Massive! But how did they get there? The internet is a little iffy on this. Arizona had glaciers during the Pleistocene but they were in the Mountains at 9000'. I don't think the moraine would have reach that far--from 9000' down to Phoenix. I don't think they popped out of a Volcano and landed in those precarious positions. I think they are too far from the mountains for a massive river to have transported them? Maybe they were formed from erosion and weathering of preexisting uplifts--and did not have to be moved or transplanted at all? They are an impressive site when you're on a road trip. Thank you.
Thanks do you have any videos on facie association ?
No, I do not as of yet. Maybe in the future I could make one tho! :)
Please i need subtitles in french i can not understand
UPDATE : thank you for adding french 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏❤️
Done, I will work on it for my other videos as soon as I can ;) Let me know if it worked okay for this video, thanks!
@@GEOGIRL yes it works !! Thank you 🙏 for this amazing videos ❤️
@@GEOGIRL and please try to add it also as soon as you can in (sedimotology and stratigraphy playlist) and ( depositional environments )
You live in Texas....what college did you attend if you don’t mind my asking? I’m considering Jackson school of geosciences.
That sounds like a great opportunity! Go for it :D I went to the University of Texas at Arlington (UTA) for undergrad and now I am a PhD student at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). I love both, but I have to say I think UTEP's geo dept is better :)
Mam could you apply sequence stratigraphy on glacier deposits not only stratigraphy
As you know mam that sequence stratigraphy is advanced than stratigraphy
they look good in a picture?..please..i live in texas..ok..
U hails from?
I liked glaciers before they were cool
I am 80 yeas old and funny when was 10 got a child bow and arrow and a rabbit dog would be hunting every day in the Ice age between 30 degrees and 38 degrees and about when I was 20 when their was no ocean water and the sun made the earth hotter and melted the snow I would be happy again like looking for some body like you. I found a Volcano in the Adirondacks in N.Y.it made me a old slow person with 1 year of forestry to the Smartest Geologist [Century New Technologies Company inc [no income no employes] If you put 22nd in front of it that is me to.
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