Aquaporins क्या है? Passive transport across Cell membrane | Cell unit of life | Protein channels

The plasma membrane or cell membrane plays a crucial role in facilitating the movement of molecules across it, being selectively permeable to certain substances. Passive transport, where molecules move across the membrane without energy expenditure, is a significant aspect of this process. Osmosis, the movement of water from regions of higher to lower concentration, is a notable example of passive transport. Polar molecules, unable to traverse the nonpolar lipid bilayer, rely on carrier proteins like Aquaporin embedded in the membrane to aid in their transportation across it.
Aquaporins (AQPs) are proteins that facilitate the swift movement of water molecules across cell membranes or plasma membrane. These proteins consist of four identical subunits, forming a tetramer structure. Each subunit contains a transmembrane pore, resulting in a total of four pores within the protein. Each subunit, contain a sequence of amino acids known as NPA. These NPA sequences play a crucial role in forming the water channel, allowing only molecules as small as water to pass through. In this way, aquaporins create hydrophilic pathways across membranes for efficient water transport in various organisms.
Aquaporin Z (Aqp Z) (Yellow) shown here is from the bacteria, Escherichia coli integrated with phospholipids (purple) in cell membrane, water molecules depicted in Red! Rendered by Blender3d and UCSF chimera softwares using pdb entry 1RC2.
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