I just loved that IR view of Bromine. I figured it would show weakly transparent but in the view screen it looked like water. Very cool science. Never heard of that property of bromine before. Thx!
Videos about bromine never cease to entertain me. Sealing ampoules is often a bit annoying, when the flame of the burner is so large. I thought about buying a small one, but I don't think it would really be worth it. Thanks for mentioning my channel! :)
you prolly dont care at all but does anybody know a way to log back into an instagram account?? I stupidly forgot the login password. I would love any assistance you can offer me
@Seth Braydon I really appreciate your reply. I found the site through google and Im waiting for the hacking stuff now. Looks like it's gonna take quite some time so I will reply here later when my account password hopefully is recovered.
Honestly, if you do a lot of ampoules, it pays to buy a blowtorch nozzle with a narrow flame profile. They aren't very expensive, thankfully, and fit a standard torch tank.
Good job! But 2 tips: 1: You're gonna want to "flame seal" those, which is basically when you hold the torch on the pointy tip until it melts into itself making a rounder end thats sealed well; and... 2: I also had those annoying little bubbles form in the tip of the ampule, it was because i wasn't doing it quickly enough and some of the heat made it down the glass and some of the contents started to vaporize. You should actually be able to hold the base of the ampule _without_ that big bulky glove (just use regular gloves youd use when handling bromine), it makes it easier, which means faster, which means the heat wont get down the glass too far, which means you wont need a glove that can handle the heat (for me, I realized using gloves like that was facilitating the problem that made the gloves necessary.. Lol)
You must keep the vapor pressure of the contents down while sealing the ampule. I suggest cooling the ampule and applying the heat quickly and uniformly enough to melt the glass without letting the heat spread downward. The bromine filled glass bubbles demonstrate the vapor pressure is too high in the glass.
When sealing something in one of those ampoules, fire the torch at 3 different sites above the breakable bit then pull the top up and twist a little when the glass is suitably softened with an appropriate tool.
I used to regularly blow glass as a hobby and still do it from time to time! The only detrimental issue I saw is that you were trying to heat a sealed container, which usually ends with the glass shattering or bubbling up like in your case (Luckily it didn't shatter and blast bromine everywhere.). I'd recommend focusing the heat a bit lower and getting the glass much hotter before you pull up on the top to seal it. You want the glass to be nice and goopy when you pull the seal so it can shrink in on itself and form a nice top without much additional heating.Maybe a torch with a smaller diameter flame would help, as you can't put the heat too low without risking heating the contents.
Yeah the second attempt was very bad and also very stressful. Was starting to shake a bit much I was very nervous. I just really needed to heat lower than where I was pulling, and then it would've been better (as I did on the third time). I'll look into getting a smaller, more focused flame if I do stuff like this again. A problem I had was that I couldn't see the blowtorch flame in the sunlight, so it was hard to aim the real hot part of it where I wanted. Are there any glass-blowing tips about seeing the flame? Or just do it more by feel
In sunlight, there's no good way to keep the flame visible. However, if you have any spare borosilicate glass around, you can put it in the flame until it glows and the flame starts to turn orange. The sodium flare from the hot glass will allow you to see how large the hot part of the flame is. What I've done in the past when using a torch outside is get the flame set to a good level and check its size with the technique I described above before starting working on real pieces. You could do this with any glass stir rods you have lying around, or even with broken pieces of glassware.
Extractions&Ire you could also color the flame with some ions. For example you could put a wet q-tip with sodium chloride in the flame and make it visible. That's what I did to see it outside. It's basically the same thing pyromen321 suggested, but I do it with a salt
Ayy, that's a good point with moving the flame up when it comes time to pull off and seal it, removing just that little bit of heat from lower down should be enough to halt the expansion. I'd picked up a similar thing for welding shut a sealed aluminium object without it blowing out, it hadn't come to mind for glass though.
That is amazingly bad work on second ampoule, bonus points for not getting hurt with it :) I like these tutorials on how not to do stuff, can insert those all the time with the things that work.
I have left on nonstop mixes of your content for years like a crazy person. Somehow, videos like this one NEVER came up at all. Something something algorithms
You want to only soften the middle part. The very top of the ampoule should stay hard. And then just pull the soft part apart so it gets thinner and thinner till it seals.
Sealing ampules is indeed one of the most annoying things , well since you have the actual ampules I think you can just heat the very top and rotate it while doing the heating, the gravity will do rest and you end up with a smooth round tip instead of a pointy one
Those ampoules look a lot better than mine. All I had were 8mm diameter glass tubes and when I tried to seal it the flame would always boil the bromine and make a huge mess. When I finally thought that it was sealed, I would turn it upside down and bromine would shoot everywhere. I spent something like 2 hours making one really bad-looking ampoule. 3:53 to 4:57 is pretty much what I did for most of that time
Pretty cool demo. Shame about the ampoule though. they are kind expensive. usually if the seal isnt made properly the first attempt you can forget it sealing there. i have had similar problems and found that as the content warmed up you get the bubbles in the glass. That IR effect is someting i have always wanted to do. seeing it in person would be cool.
I've sealed over twenty ampoules on video. Some have failed, some worked out great. This is probably my best: th-cam.com/video/41Wv14Loa3U/w-d-xo.html Hydrogen, at low pressure, in a homemade ampoule.
Nigel Johnson; I was trying to make a joke... But I realize that Bromine is no joking matter! So in the interest of full disclosure, a more realistic outcome would be that it wouldn't be an issue. In the worst case, he ampuled the bromine at 0 vapour pressure, so 1Bar of atmospheric partial pressure was sealed inside with the bromine. Even if the bromine now reaches a temperature where it also contributes 1Bar of pressure, the pressure differential on the ampule would still only be 1Bar, which is much too low to be an issue. However, one must also include the increased pressure developed by the trapped air at elevated temperatures, together with the reduced volume due to the thermal expansion of the Bromine. These effects are quite small at the difference from 25°C - 55°C, however, so it won't really change much. The ampule (if properly made) will be fine.
MRLT I am a little concerned about the last line of your post. what is the difference between a steam engine and a bromine engine? The Bromine boils at a lower temperature than water and steam will not poison you:-)
Nigel Johnson; It's basically impossible to create a steam engine which works at atmospheric pressure and 100°C, you need higher temperatures for that to work. If your bromine reaches a max temp of, say, 60°C everything will be fine. However, if it heats up much beyond that, the pressure will indeed increase quite dramatically. At that point we have 2 separate lines of logic that we could follow: Either, whoever was stupid enough to leave Bromine in the sun, deserves what ever he gets... OR, we can take a look at some empirical evidence regarding the strength of homemade ampules, under high pressures. The best example of this that I can think of, is Cody's (of cody'slab) experiments with ampuling supercritical gasses in test tubes. While many of them did indeed explode with considerable force (a bromine-contaminated piece of razor sharp glass being forced into your neck sounds *extremely* unpleasant to me...), a substantial fraction were actually able to sustain astoundingly high pressures (supercritical CO2, for example) without breaking, even when placed into hot water. Now, his test tubes had a much smaller diameter and a much thicker glass envelope, so I doubt that these ampules would be able to take anywhere near as much pressure, but exactly how much less, I have no idea.
Good question. I didn't actually buy them, they were sent to me from the US as a christmas present. They pop up on ebay from time to time, but it is actually quite hard to find nice ones like I was lucky enough to get, especially without buying a whole box of them
Hm, this guy did it six years ago. Random Experiments was not the first one to show it online. th-cam.com/video/gvdMe4vtsIY/w-d-xo.html Also, you did good ampouling... for a beginner. :) I've ampouled decilitres of this stuff in my life and it's a always a challenge.
![PASULOL รามเกียรติ์ ตอนที่ 4 นนทกพบรัก [Ramakien Ep.4: Nonthok in love]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/tMUQgmZzf_A/mqdefault.jpg)
I just loved that IR view of Bromine. I figured it would show weakly transparent but in the view screen it looked like water. Very cool science. Never heard of that property of bromine before. Thx!
Videos about bromine never cease to entertain me. Sealing ampoules is often a bit annoying, when the flame of the burner is so large. I thought about buying a small one, but I don't think it would really be worth it. Thanks for mentioning my channel! :)
you prolly dont care at all but does anybody know a way to log back into an instagram account??
I stupidly forgot the login password. I would love any assistance you can offer me
@Seth Braydon I really appreciate your reply. I found the site through google and Im waiting for the hacking stuff now.
Looks like it's gonna take quite some time so I will reply here later when my account password hopefully is recovered.
@Seth Braydon It did the trick and I finally got access to my account again. I am so happy!
Thank you so much you saved my ass !
@Eric Joel happy to help :D
Honestly, if you do a lot of ampoules, it pays to buy a blowtorch nozzle with a narrow flame profile. They aren't very expensive, thankfully, and fit a standard torch tank.
that IR trick is damn cool!
I know! I was amazed. It make it look like a clear liquid. I've never seen anything like that before.
Good job! But 2 tips:
1: You're gonna want to "flame seal" those, which is basically when you hold the torch on the pointy tip until it melts into itself making a rounder end thats sealed well; and...
2: I also had those annoying little bubbles form in the tip of the ampule, it was because i wasn't doing it quickly enough and some of the heat made it down the glass and some of the contents started to vaporize. You should actually be able to hold the base of the ampule _without_ that big bulky glove (just use regular gloves youd use when handling bromine), it makes it easier, which means faster, which means the heat wont get down the glass too far, which means you wont need a glove that can handle the heat (for me, I realized using gloves like that was facilitating the problem that made the gloves necessary.. Lol)
You must keep the vapor pressure of the contents down while sealing the ampule. I suggest cooling the ampule and applying the heat quickly and uniformly enough to melt the glass without letting the heat spread downward. The bromine filled glass bubbles demonstrate the vapor pressure is too high in the glass.
Bromine is one of my favorite elements, it's properties are so unique
When sealing something in one of those ampoules, fire the torch at 3 different sites above the breakable bit then pull the top up and twist a little when the glass is suitably softened with an appropriate tool.
I used to regularly blow glass as a hobby and still do it from time to time! The only detrimental issue I saw is that you were trying to heat a sealed container, which usually ends with the glass shattering or bubbling up like in your case (Luckily it didn't shatter and blast bromine everywhere.).
I'd recommend focusing the heat a bit lower and getting the glass much hotter before you pull up on the top to seal it. You want the glass to be nice and goopy when you pull the seal so it can shrink in on itself and form a nice top without much additional heating.Maybe a torch with a smaller diameter flame would help, as you can't put the heat too low without risking heating the contents.
Yeah the second attempt was very bad and also very stressful. Was starting to shake a bit much I was very nervous. I just really needed to heat lower than where I was pulling, and then it would've been better (as I did on the third time).
I'll look into getting a smaller, more focused flame if I do stuff like this again.
A problem I had was that I couldn't see the blowtorch flame in the sunlight, so it was hard to aim the real hot part of it where I wanted. Are there any glass-blowing tips about seeing the flame? Or just do it more by feel
In sunlight, there's no good way to keep the flame visible. However, if you have any spare borosilicate glass around, you can put it in the flame until it glows and the flame starts to turn orange. The sodium flare from the hot glass will allow you to see how large the hot part of the flame is.
What I've done in the past when using a torch outside is get the flame set to a good level and check its size with the technique I described above before starting working on real pieces. You could do this with any glass stir rods you have lying around, or even with broken pieces of glassware.
Extractions&Ire you could also color the flame with some ions. For example you could put a wet q-tip with sodium chloride in the flame and make it visible. That's what I did to see it outside. It's basically the same thing pyromen321 suggested, but I do it with a salt
Ayy, that's a good point with moving the flame up when it comes time to pull off and seal it, removing just that little bit of heat from lower down should be enough to halt the expansion. I'd picked up a similar thing for welding shut a sealed aluminium object without it blowing out, it hadn't come to mind for glass though.
@@pyromen321Sometimes a dab of salt on the mouth of the torch itself will vaporise enough to get the same effect, depends how hot it gets.
Hate it when you forget how to do something you just did
That is amazingly bad work on second ampoule, bonus points for not getting hurt with it :) I like these tutorials on how not to do stuff, can insert those all the time with the things that work.
Watching Tom struggle to do chem 3 years ago is so entertaining
That last bit was awesome.
I have left on nonstop mixes of your content for years like a crazy person.
Somehow, videos like this one NEVER came up at all. Something something algorithms
You want to only soften the middle part. The very top of the ampoule should stay hard. And then just pull the soft part apart so it gets thinner and thinner till it seals.
I'm a great fan of learning from the mistakes of others. Thanks! ;-)
"Computers don't have Firewire ports..."
You must be using a laptop, because I added an inexpensive (
Sealing ampules is indeed one of the most annoying things , well since you have the actual ampules I think you can just heat the very top and rotate it while doing the heating, the gravity will do rest and you end up with a smooth round tip instead of a pointy one
Those ampoules look a lot better than mine. All I had were 8mm diameter glass tubes and when I tried to seal it the flame would always boil the bromine and make a huge mess. When I finally thought that it was sealed, I would turn it upside down and bromine would shoot everywhere. I spent something like 2 hours making one really bad-looking ampoule. 3:53 to 4:57 is pretty much what I did for most of that time
Holy shit... my dad owned the company that you got your sulphuric acid from (CYNDAN).
My favorite Aussie TH-camr... After howtobasic. JK man I love you...
Hey I can't compete with HowToBasic, I'm ok with that.
We should collab tho
Ah yes bubbles of molten glass filled with bromine fumes.
The IR trick is so nifty; I assume this is because of the characteristic vibration frequencies of bromine molecules?
Pretty cool demo. Shame about the ampoule though. they are kind expensive. usually if the seal isnt made properly the first attempt you can forget it sealing there. i have had similar problems and found that as the content warmed up you get the bubbles in the glass. That IR effect is someting i have always wanted to do. seeing it in person would be cool.
good job on cleaning it up! nice and dry :D
Well... practice makes perfect... I think that torch may be too large of a heating area so it’s making it more difficult than with a smaller nozzle
Although it looked like you made a few mistakes, I am sure you learned something. That makes it time well spent.
angle the torch up instead of down
this way you can avoid heating the ampule and the content
that's why you are getting bubbles
great video
Hahaha and first time I made ampual, same problems happened
I probably should of practised a bit with some water or something harmless first, but I didn't want to waste any!
good video , thanks !
I think it looks bad ass like a bromine chili pepper lol so cool!
Tom thats the bromine with the considerable chlorine in it ya? would the sulfuric acid react with chlorine to make another side product?
if you heat the pliers the whole time you're heating the glass, the pliers will be in a worthless, plastic stage when you need to pinch the ampules
6:54 That was so cool.. SCIENCE bitches... it works!!!
Apparently I've been ampuling my iodine wrong
you could have gotten rid of the chlorine contamination by reacting the chlorine with sodium bromide and then redistiling?
That would've got most of it out yeah, but if its not really going to be a problem, its a lot of work and hazard to take on for not much gain
I've sealed over twenty ampoules on video. Some have failed, some worked out great.
This is probably my best: th-cam.com/video/41Wv14Loa3U/w-d-xo.html
Hydrogen, at low pressure, in a homemade ampoule.
What kind of gas or mixture does the torch use? I am looking for some useful torch for bending borosillicate glass tubes and other minor fiddling.
A Bromine/ Conc Sulfuric acid separation?
Haha Yeah, nah, you enjoy it mate, I'll pass
Is there any reason to neutralize the waste with sodium metabisulfite rather than say Sodium Carbonate?
bromine,broyour.........broour.
But can you do a bromination of bromine. I wanna see some bromine brominate
I am curious, at what temperature will the pressure in the ampules be so great they will burst?
Nigel Johnson; Less than the temperatures in Australia during the summer, that's for bloody sure.
MRLT Bromine boils at 58.8 C, so I'm guessing you will not be leaving the ampules in the summer sun.
Nigel Johnson; I was trying to make a joke... But I realize that Bromine is no joking matter!
So in the interest of full disclosure, a more realistic outcome would be that it wouldn't be an issue.
In the worst case, he ampuled the bromine at 0 vapour pressure, so 1Bar of atmospheric partial pressure was sealed inside with the bromine. Even if the bromine now reaches a temperature where it also contributes 1Bar of pressure, the pressure differential on the ampule would still only be 1Bar, which is much too low to be an issue.
However, one must also include the increased pressure developed by the trapped air at elevated temperatures, together with the reduced volume due to the thermal expansion of the Bromine.
These effects are quite small at the difference from 25°C - 55°C, however, so it won't really change much. The ampule (if properly made) will be fine.
MRLT I am a little concerned about the last line of your post.
what is the difference between a steam engine and a bromine engine?
The Bromine boils at a lower temperature than water and steam will not poison you:-)
Nigel Johnson; It's basically impossible to create a steam engine which works at atmospheric pressure and 100°C, you need higher temperatures for that to work.
If your bromine reaches a max temp of, say, 60°C everything will be fine. However, if it heats up much beyond that, the pressure will indeed increase quite dramatically.
At that point we have 2 separate lines of logic that we could follow:
Either, whoever was stupid enough to leave Bromine in the sun, deserves what ever he gets...
OR, we can take a look at some empirical evidence regarding the strength of homemade ampules, under high pressures.
The best example of this that I can think of, is Cody's (of cody'slab) experiments with ampuling supercritical gasses in test tubes.
While many of them did indeed explode with considerable force (a bromine-contaminated piece of razor sharp glass being forced into your neck sounds *extremely* unpleasant to me...), a substantial fraction were actually able to sustain astoundingly high pressures (supercritical CO2, for example) without breaking, even when placed into hot water.
Now, his test tubes had a much smaller diameter and a much thicker glass envelope, so I doubt that these ampules would be able to take anywhere near as much pressure, but exactly how much less, I have no idea.
hi I love your videos
Makes clothing made of a thin layer of bromide , sells to girl, uses ir camera to look xD
Where did you buy the Ampoules ?
Good question. I didn't actually buy them, they were sent to me from the US as a christmas present. They pop up on ebay from time to time, but it is actually quite hard to find nice ones like I was lucky enough to get, especially without buying a whole box of them
In the US Amazon has them, though you have to buy a bunch if you are getting ones that are 10ml or larger.
I just use test tubes. If you narrow the neck beforehand you can prevent the bromine from boiling out
Nile Red also has some nice tutorial video on sealing test tubes.
Why do you capitalize ampoules?
Bromine
Holy shit I had the EXACT same model of camcorder.
Where did you bought this ampouls?
They were donated to me actually. They're beautiful, and I should get more, but not sure where to get more from
@@ExtractionsAndIre oh ok thanks
@@ExtractionsAndIre You can find them easily on AliExpress
Hm, this guy did it six years ago. Random Experiments was not the first one to show it online.
th-cam.com/video/gvdMe4vtsIY/w-d-xo.html
Also, you did good ampouling... for a beginner. :)
I've ampouled decilitres of this stuff in my life and it's a always a challenge.