In the same way of the New Zealand Empire, Australia controlled Papua New Guinea, from 1932-1975, and Narau, from 1927-1968. Today Australia also controls Christmas Island, in the Indian Ocean. the Cocos (or Keeling) Islands and Norfolk Island. All of these are part of Australia, but are given autonomy as Overseas Territories. Australia also has claims on Antartica, with the Australia Antarctic territory (AAT), but after the Antartica Treaty in 1959, this became inactive.
austian hungary empire u have talked about it before i think they held a small town in china after i think one of the opium wars Edit: ok so it was a small street not a town thanks for correcting me!
Sweden bought Saint Barthelemy in 1784 and ruled it until 1878 when we sold it back to France. So not only for a year but for almost a century. Guadeloupe on the other hand was ruled by Sweden for only a year during the napoleonic wars.
One big empire that always goes unnoticed is the Omani empire, it held territories from modern day Pakistan all the way to modern day Mozambique and were probably the only non-European colonizers of Africa in the 20th century.
@Laksama Hang Tuah And they had and still do have some other stuff too, also Singapore of all places briefly administered Christmas Island if I’m not mistaken.
Plantations were never set up or slaves imported, only and strictly trading. The wars with the natives were not against Tobago natives, but with the Caribs armed and transported by the Jesuits from the mainland South America.
fun fact about Courland is that in Ghana, they were protected by the native tribes against Dutch attacks. they cut off water and food supply for the aggressors resulting in Dutch retreat. and they had many more stories like that there. you could make a solid movie based on those adventures.
Yes your right. Being born on Guadeloupe but raised on Saint-Martin we were taught about the history of our islands and who originaly owned/colonised them.
And we made mad money from making it a free trade port which made it become a large restocking hub for slave ships... It's not really something we like to talk about but we definitely played a decently sized part in the slave trade.
John Sutter, was a Swiss living in the US, who at one point made some attempts to colonise California. His first settlement, Sutter's Fort, is now known as Sacramento.
What? Colonise California LOL The first Europeans to explore the California coast were the members of a Spanish sailing expedition led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo; they entered San Diego Bay on September 28, 1542, and reached at least as far north as San Miguel Island. What is now California was first settled by various Native Californian tribes before being explored by a number of Europeans during the 16th and 17th centuries. The Spanish Empire then claimed and colonized it. In 1804 it was included in Alta California province, within the Viceroyalty of New Spain. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its successful war for independence but was ceded to the United States in 1848 after the Mexican-American War.
When it comes to St. Barthelemy there’s still some Swedish influence on the island. The flag of St. Barthelemy has the Three Crowns, representing Sweden, on their flag. A couple of streets have Swedish names and some streets are even bilingual in French and Swedish. Some places and buildings even have Swedish names; the airport is named after our previous king Gustaf III, there’s a fort named Fort Karl (probably after Charles XII) and the capital of the island is named Gustavia, also after King Gustaf. One of last islanders of Swedish descent Marius Stakelborough (a descendent of Swedish governour Bernt Robert Gustaf Stackelberg) died in june 2020. St. Barthelemy was our longest overseas procession, we had it from 1784 to 1878.
I actually live in what used to be “New Sweden”. One of their settlements still exists in my home town in the form of a small log cabin and some ruins of other small buildings next to a creek. It’s called the “Lower Swedish Cabin”, but we just call it “The Swedish Cabin”. It’s one of the oldest log cabins in the United States as well. People claim they can hear ghosts and stuff at night there, so it’s considered one of the most haunted places in America. You can visit it any time, but you can only go inside on Halloween.
I have read that New Sweden was mainly Finnish people (Sweden ruled Finland at the time). Can you tell me your thoughts on that since you are from there?
@@alexanderlapp5048 where did you hear that from or are you just making that stuff up?, As a person of Finland-Swedish background I'm curious to why Finnish people are so bound and determined to bash or down credit their swedish brothers whom we shared a bond with for at least 500 years. Being of both cultures i see a lot of this where Finns go out of the way and make it so Sweden didn't do shit and Finland did everything, yet without the Swedish Crown where would our nation be?. I mean for 500 years everyone identified as Swedish even the Finnish population so most likely the term "Finnish" was never used so those who colonized new Sweden where all Swedish with different ethnic backgrounds.
@@Zzrik, I think I read it someplace in Hancock, Michigan. Most likely at Soumi College (Finlandia University) I was not trying to bash Sweden or any Swedish people. There is a significant population of Finns in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The thing I was reading was just an informative piece about the contributions Finnish people made to the United States. There was nothing negative about Sweden.
Tokelau is a territory, but Niue and the Cook Islands are in "free association" with the Realm of New Zealand. The Ross dependency in Antarctica is another territory in the Realm of New Zealand
There are islands of Siberia in the Arctic Ocran that are literally uninhabited, like the infamous Tsar Bomba island in the far west where rumor states that there's a city on such island, but there are more islands off the coast of central Siberia, like the Bolshevik and the October Revolution islands, which are literally uninhabited.
When you colonize the biggest island on Earth along with multiple other smaller ones (Greenland, Iceland, the Faroes), be the first Europeans to have a settlement in North America (Vinland), and terrorize Europe for centuries (viking age), but get no credit for it: n o r w a y
@@mikemikkelsen5666 Back then there wasn't concepts of nationality yet, so in the case of my comment Norse people are simply regarded as Scandinavian or Icelandic (who's slightly more Celtic and cold Norway, basically)
I agree. Good call particularly with the Omani empire, and the Scottish one. Scotland tried to colonise a part of modern day Panama and it went terribly. They all died and it just about bankrupted the country. Good Times.
also Tuscany tried in Venezuela and failed . while Venice and Genoa had their empire in the black sea and eastern mediterranean sea .. so in another continent .
I literally thought this when making the list. I was going to include Belgium because it's a small empire but then I thought - no, everyone knows about it already!
If Russia was a land based expansion of Empire then you could say the same about the United States of America expanding west like Russia expanded east. Also if Russia is a colonial empire then so is China except they did it much earlier in areas that were not as sparsely populated as Siberia, for the most part.
Great video, but when you mention the main European colonial empires at the beginning, you list Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, Germany and Italy - but you forgot Belgium, which held the Belgian Congo under King Leopold.
No not true, that was ONLY private property of leopold 2, after 1908 when leopold had to give its colony away belgium got it. I mean that leopolds colony wasn't a belgian colony so you schould not call the congo belgian.
In the same way of the New Zealand Empire, Australia controlled Papua New Guinea, from 1932-1975, and Narau, from 1927-1968. Today Australia also controls Christmas Island, in the Indian Ocean. the Cocos (or Keeling) Islands and Norfolk Island. All of these are part of Australia, but are given autonomy as Overseas Territories. Australia also has claims on Antartica, with the Australia Antarctic territory (AAT), but after the Antartica Treaty in 1959, this became inactive.
What you stated in Antarctica is incorrect all nations who claimed land at the time of the Antarctic treaty still claim that land but for research only
Britain: Of course! I'm doing it for research! Definitely research! Also Britain: Colony, colony, colony, colony, colony. If that's not 'research', I don't know what it is!
Australia’s neighbours in Antarctica recognise its claim. So when your neighbours agree the boundary between you that’s the end of any argument about who own what.
I doubt that any Antarctic claims will ever be recognised but Australia has an undoubted sub-Antarctic territory, the Heard and McDonald Islands; there is also Macquarie island, halfway between New Zealand and Antarctica, which we pretend is part of Tasmania, even having a postcode which makes it seem like a Hobart suburb.
To be fair, the Danish Colonial Empire still exists. Also some non-european countries (other than Japan) got one, like Oman and Muscat (East African Coast, India, some dispersed Islands), the Ottoman Empire (Parts of Indonesia, Upper Nile, Libya, Crimea, etc..), several Malay states in the Sundanesia Islands, Morrocco and some adventures in Sub-Saharian Africa.
A few years back i wrote an article about the Courland/Latvian colonization attempts in the 17th century. They pretty much only tried a few times, mostly in the Gambia and on the Carabean island of Tobago. Courland had a pretty big fleet at that point in time, so commercially the colonies were somewhat of a succes for a few years. However the setler colony on Tobago was plagued with... well plagues. Europeans did not fit well into the tropical climate and harsh conditions, and the first few settlements got wiped out after a few years. I believe the 3rd try on Tobago was a bit more succesful, but that was partially due to the fact the Courish were kind of working together with a Dutch effort to colonize the island at that point. The colonial attempts of Courland seized to exist after a few decades. The nation got caught up in a massive war between Sweden and Poland, the Duke got captured and the fleet was unable to compete with larger nation in the long term. All Courish settlements were either abandoned or taken over by other colonial powers.
Saint-Barthélemy was controlled by Sweden for 96 years from 1784-1878 and another cool thing was that there capital is called Gustavia named after the Swedish king Gustav III who bought them
9:54 The island of Saint Barthelmy was ruled by Sweden between the years 1784-1878 which is closer to 94 years, not 1 year. Their biggest city, Gustavia is even named aver the Swedish king during that period, Gustav III. The island also has several streets with Swedish names, the welcome sign when you arrive has the word "välkommen" which means welcome in English. The coat of arms even includes three crowns as a reference to their Swedish colonial rule.
Cool you have a city name after your king. We named whole countries after our kings. For example Philippines for our king Phillip. And even his wife Maria de Austria got the Mariana Islands.
Wow! I never knew about Austrian India, despite being Indian. I knew there had been Danish colonies in Nicobar and Serampore, but Austria!? That was unexpected!
there was also a Dutch colony in Issapore (now Ichapur) and in the nearby delta regions in Bengal... There are a few buildings there remaining as well.
I think the line is very blurry between European colonialism and "normal" empires. Also many many non-European states could be considered colonizers. For Japan's expansion into Korea, Taiwan and Manchuria was definitely colonial, and on an industrial scale. The Khedivate of Egypt did take part in the "scramble for Africa" when they colonized present day Sudan and South Sudan. Even the borders of modern day Ethiopia reflect Emperor Meneliks huge territorial expansion that happened during the African scramble era (1878-1904), taking territories belonging to the Oromos, Somalis and many other peoples. In this way Ethiopia did take part in the colonization of Africa. which is still a reflected in the ethnic tensions in the present day country. Oman was definitely a Middle Eastern colonial Empire in - ruling many coastlines of eastern Africa and western Asia and profiting imensly on on slave trade and traded with spices harvested by slaves - from modern day Pakistan to modern day Mozambique. They also threw out the Portuguese from many areas. Several Indian states did colonize parts of South East Asia. Was the Ottoman empire a colonial empire? - It ruled many countries a a long way from its core territory, also very far away places such as Aceh in Indonesia and modern day Eritrea in east Africa.
Thanks for the discussion of NZ and Samoa. NZ still had a large Samoan ethnic population and there are still close ties between the two countries. NZ also still had a dependency called Tokelau in the Pacific as well as two associated states called Cook Islands and Niue, which are independent but they look to NZ for defense and foreign policy. They also retain NZ citizenship.
Cook Islands are in for a shock when we show up in our tug boats equipped with our .303's to defend them....we're bringing a butter knife to a nuke fight.
Chile annexed Rapa Nui (then called Easter Island/Isla de Pascua) from the kingdom that was sovereign of the island under the mistranslation of a treaty of protection which in spanish said another thing. It's a pretty interesting history the one of Rapa Nui and I would consider that it is an example of colonization by a Latinoamerican country as it is located on another continent which is Polynesia, Oceania. I recommend you reading through the history of the island and specially from their people
It was already called Rapa Nui then, and it's still called Easter Island now. Both names are interchangeable. The island was treated as a colony: it was exploited for cattle herding by a private company though a concession, and the natives were Chilean nationals but not citizens (i.e. had no political rights). This changed in 1966, when the island was fully incorporated as a territory with equal legal status to the rest of Chile.
Poland was trying to set up a colonial outpost in Angola in the 1930s. I think there was even a Polish coffee plantation there. And then there was also one failed attempt of a kind-of-colonial relation with Liberia just somewhere around 1936.
I got one for you: The fact that humans most likely originated somewhere in Ethiopia means that where all basicly Ethiopian colonialist setting up thousands of bases around the planet Long live the Ethiopian Empire 🇪🇹🇪🇹 Just a joke 😂
New Zealand still has some additional colonies in Niue, Cook Islands, Tokelau and a claim to Antarctica. Australia also has several colonies. The list was much longer in the early 1900's but still consists of a handful of islands and a claim to Antarctica.
Australia had colonies too. Papua New Guinea and Nauru were former colonies. PNG being the largest. Australia still owns Norfolk island, cocos (keeling) islands, Christmas Island, and a bunch of other islands. They even governed New Zealand for a bit.
Saint Barthelemy was Swedish 1784 - 1878 and it's capital is still called Gustavia after the Swedish king at the time (Guadeloupe was formally a year, although 4 years in total 1810-1814)
I think you should know New Zealand actually was very into colonialism. Policy makers had ambitions for New Zealand to be the ‘Britain of the south seas’ in a cultural aswell as colonial sense. New Zealand to this day administers cook islands, Nuie and Tokelau with Samoa gaining independence in the 60’s. Not to mention New Zealand’s conquest of Maori held lands in the New Zealand Wars. New Zealand was not only involved with pacific colonialism, it was quite prolific especially for its small size.
Chile annexing Easter Island in 1888: "You know, I'm something of a colonial empire myself". Sad that you missed this one, though, because unlike most, it was a success and not a short lived initiative. And later in the 60s, Easter Island and the natives gained equal status with the rest of Chile.
@@ArcueidBrunestudReal not at all. Easter Island wasn't colonized before. It had been subject to all kind of abuses (enslavement, piracy and more), but no foreign power established permanent presence there. It was first annexed by a foreign power by Chile in 1888, long after Chile had become independent.
@@a2falcone esa isla fue herencia de España. Ya desde la epoca del virreinato del Peru estaba reclama por España. Y por ende sus herederos (Peru y Chile) tenian argumentos para quedarse con la isla
The Cook Islands are also a colony of New Zealand, and Nauru was shared with Australia and the UK. As Norway, they also claim a part of the Antarctica.
Very nice video! It was interesting to watch! I appreciate the irony starting at 7:41 : Maria Theresa founded the Austrian Company of Trieste that tried establishing a gold mining company on the coast - the latter being in... Africa.
Doesnt USA count as a colonial empire? It has had a lot of insular territories at the pacific and at the caribean sea. What about Liberia and Panama Canal Zone?
It was more like Russia and Austria at first, in that the USA was expansionist, but mostly concentrated on claiming contiguous westward regions and pushing against its neighbours (both Canada and Mexico were attacked during the 19th century with an aim on incorporating them into the USA). Things shifted a lot with the 1898 Spanish-American war which occurred at the height of the "New Imperialism" era. The US took over the foreign colonies of Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines. The same year the USA also annexed Hawaii. These new possessions transformed the US into a European style colonial empire, and one of the bigger ones at that. The Panama canal zone followed a couple of years later. It was a fairly benign deal by the standards of the time although hypocritical considering the US denied France and Britain the right to their own Suez Canal Zone in Egypt 50 years later.
Russian outposts in California were set up to supply foodstuffs and other basic necessities to Alaska. When Russians decided it was un-economic, they abandoned their Cali settlements, which paved the way to their disposal of AK.
New Sweden should be mentioned first it was much larger than Cabo Corso (Swedish Gold Coast) and built from scratch (the advisor was Peter Minuit that is famous from buying Manhattan for the Dutch)
Not sure if that factory in India can be called a colony, there was also a factory in Canton by the Swedish East India Company (Ostindiska kompaniet with HQ in Gothenburg, building still standing and is history museum) a fun thing is that the Swedish flag can be seen in contemporary paintings of Canton: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteen_Factories#/media/File:Canton_factories.jpg
*Omani Empire* 🇴🇲. Which had properties in Bahrain, Qatar, United Emirates, Yemen, Iran, Pakistan, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Comoros, Mozambique and Madagascar . It lasted until 1958, when it sold the last of its properties to Pakistan . *Egyptian Empire* 🇪🇬 , which had possessions in Palestine, Libya, Chad , Eritrea, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, and Uganda . It lasted until 1956. They are the only two Arab countries that had colonies in the modern history .
The colonies of Courland fell as a result of the war between Sweden and the Commonwealth of Both Nations. The natives had very good memories of the rule of vassals of the Republic of Poland and Lithuania, because they were treated on an equal footing with the Lithuanian-Polish nobility. This was a unique phenomenon in the history of colonialism. Unfortunately, Courland did not have the means to support the development of the colonies and to wage war with Sweden at the same time. These colonies were taken over by force by the Dutch and British.
True, Latvians still share some small little cultural things with the natives living there. Both today's Natives and Latvians share a small bit of culture with one another, having same festivals and traditions.
@@user-golos Well Japan adopted the Western Expansion Policy on its own. I might say that after the Meiji restoration the Politics and Economy didn't have much influence from the west
Poland-Lithuania (or more precisely their vassal state Courland and Semigallia) had two colonies in short periods. They were Tobago (New Courland in the years of 1654, 1660-1666, 1668, 1680-1683, 1686-1690, and territorial claims until 1795) and Gambia (1655-1664 with two periods of Dutch occupation in between).
As a New Zealander of predominately European descent please let it be known that I am deeply, deeply ashamed of how my country treated our Samoan brothers and sisters :( colonialism caused the deaths of about a fifth of their population, including by New Zealand’s allowing of the Spanish Flu pandemic to enter the country. It was evil
It's pretty cool the part of my heritage from my grandpa is Latvian 🇱🇻, but specifically Courland. Where his last name is part the the "Curonian Kings". History and famil history is quite interesting
*Which other small or lesser known colonial empires are there?*
In the same way of the New Zealand Empire, Australia controlled Papua New Guinea, from 1932-1975, and Narau, from 1927-1968.
Today Australia also controls Christmas Island, in the Indian Ocean. the Cocos (or Keeling) Islands and Norfolk Island. All of these are part of Australia, but are given autonomy as Overseas Territories.
Australia also has claims on Antartica, with the Australia Antarctic territory (AAT), but after the Antartica Treaty in 1959, this became inactive.
Liechtenstein almost bough alaska
austian hungary empire u have talked about it before i think they held a small town in china after i think one of the opium wars
Edit: ok so it was a small street not a town thanks for correcting me!
Scotland founded some settlements in America before they united with England.
Sweden bought Saint Barthelemy in 1784 and ruled it until 1878 when we sold it back to France. So not only for a year but for almost a century. Guadeloupe on the other hand was ruled by Sweden for only a year during the napoleonic wars.
"I got Mexico"--Spain
"I got India"--England
"I got a Rock"--Norway
“I got colonised” - Africa
I got named India- America
"I got invaded too much"-- Poland
“I got the artic Islands, and all that sweet whaling money”-Norway
"I got F**ked"--Japanese empire
When your colony has a colony, you know your doing something right.
*Merry British noises*
And when that colony gets a colony, you are a pro.
@@LarzGustafsson Correct, but tell that europeuns.
Like father like son 😂
@@LarzGustafsson haha bly me quite a funny gentlemen, innit?
One big empire that always goes unnoticed is the Omani empire, it held territories from modern day Pakistan all the way to modern day Mozambique and were probably the only non-European colonizers of Africa in the 20th century.
Yemen, that's not fair omitting them altogether!
mfaizsyahmi. Yes Yemen included, just wanted to give an indication of how vast it was from north to south 😅
They only controled the Eastern part of modern day Yemen.
Somebody should make a detailed video about it.
They're part of the reason Arabic is spoken in Zanzibar.
Fun fact: one time russia almost sold Alaska to Liechtenstein instead of america
Yeah, still don't know why did they refused it
alaska je srbija
@@minjajovanovic6501 well they probably thought that it was useless just like Russia.
Yeah, I said the same thing to him in twitter
I have seen the video so dont brag
When your colony starts colonizing
Britain: *Cries* They grow up so fast!
New Zealand: I really don't like this colonizing stuff
Britain: you are no son of mine!!
@@bakthihapuarachchi3447 when a colony makes a colony
@Laksama Hang Tuah And they had and still do have some other stuff too, also Singapore of all places briefly administered Christmas Island if I’m not mistaken.
Phoenicia flashbacks
usa also colonized
New Sweden: Exists
The Netherlands: it’s a free real estate
New Netherlands: Exists
The British: it’s a free real estate
*New Amsterdam
*G E N O R M A L I S E E R D*
@@legoleviathan6411 wrong new Amsterdam was a city ( new York ) not a colony and new Netherlands is where about new England is
@@ArranusExactly
British Tea tax: _exists_
Colonists: "So you have chosen ｄｅａｔｈ"
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: "You know, I'm somewhat of a coloniser myself"
Stolen Comment
Ik comments dont have copyright
Yeah, they owned the small Caribbean island of Tobago for a short period of time.
over seas
@Bartolomeusz Kiribati also has Paris, London and BANANA.
Plantations were never set up or slaves imported, only and strictly trading. The wars with the natives were not against Tobago natives, but with the Caribs armed and transported by the Jesuits from the mainland South America.
fun fact about Courland is that in Ghana, they were protected by the native tribes against Dutch attacks. they cut off water and food supply for the aggressors resulting in Dutch retreat. and they had many more stories like that there. you could make a solid movie based on those adventures.
it's in Gambia not Ghana
@@dawida6788 right. My mistake.
That's very interesting
The Swedish owned Saint-Barthélemy for almost a century before selling it back to the french. Not less then a year.
Yeah
He was talking about Guadeloupe not Saint-Barthélemy
Yes your right. Being born on Guadeloupe but raised on Saint-Martin we were taught about the history of our islands and who originaly owned/colonised them.
@Rollox RA the Lesser Antilles to be more exact
And we made mad money from making it a free trade port which made it become a large restocking hub for slave ships... It's not really something we like to talk about but we definitely played a decently sized part in the slave trade.
"Courland colonies in today's Ghana" It's the Gambia,not Ghana. An error I've just spotted.
"The Gambia" to be precise. :-) !! I spotted it as well, but you beat me to it.
@@JxH You as well.
@@JxH "Republic of The Gambia", to be very precise. 😁
Gambia + Ghana = Gamhana
2 months later and still the same
John Sutter, was a Swiss living in the US, who at one point made some attempts to colonise California. His first settlement, Sutter's Fort, is now known as Sacramento.
The first settlement in Sacramento was called "New Helvetia" meaning New Switzerland.
What? Colonise California LOL The first Europeans to explore the California coast were the members of a Spanish sailing expedition led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo; they entered San Diego Bay on September 28, 1542, and reached at least as far north as San Miguel Island. What is now California was first settled by various Native Californian tribes before being explored by a number of Europeans during the 16th and 17th centuries. The Spanish Empire then claimed and colonized it. In 1804 it was included in Alta California province, within the Viceroyalty of New Spain. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its successful war for independence but was ceded to the United States in 1848 after the Mexican-American War.
@@GeorgeVenturi "What?" is exactly my question
@@mjw907 I thought the Swiss don't establish colonial empires or invade other countries, as they are neutral.
@@GeorgeVenturi The "French" in Califórnia....
The Vikings= Denmark+ ...too
When it comes to St. Barthelemy there’s still some Swedish influence on the island. The flag of St. Barthelemy has the Three Crowns, representing Sweden, on their flag. A couple of streets have Swedish names and some streets are even bilingual in French and Swedish. Some places and buildings even have Swedish names; the airport is named after our previous king Gustaf III, there’s a fort named Fort Karl (probably after Charles XII) and the capital of the island is named Gustavia, also after King Gustaf. One of last islanders of Swedish descent Marius Stakelborough (a descendent of Swedish governour Bernt Robert Gustaf Stackelberg) died in june 2020. St. Barthelemy was our longest overseas procession, we had it from 1784 to 1878.
If was Tobago we only had for a year
I saw the danish colonial empire in the history of the Caribbean and the history of India
IM norwegian
I didn't see them in indian history
@@maveo5736 They had Nicobar Islands they sold those to Britain in 1884
*Cough* bandiaterra *Cough*
@@vaishalijagdale6203 that's why Nicobar was part of British Raj
I actually live in what used to be “New Sweden”. One of their settlements still exists in my home town in the form of a small log cabin and some ruins of other small buildings next to a creek. It’s called the “Lower Swedish Cabin”, but we just call it “The Swedish Cabin”. It’s one of the oldest log cabins in the United States as well. People claim they can hear ghosts and stuff at night there, so it’s considered one of the most haunted places in America. You can visit it any time, but you can only go inside on Halloween.
I have read that New Sweden was mainly Finnish people (Sweden ruled Finland at the time). Can you tell me your thoughts on that since you are from there?
@@alexanderlapp5048 where did you hear that from or are you just making that stuff up?, As a person of Finland-Swedish background I'm curious to why Finnish people are so bound and determined to bash or down credit their swedish brothers whom we shared a bond with for at least 500 years.
Being of both cultures i see a lot of this where Finns go out of the way and make it so Sweden didn't do shit and Finland did everything, yet without the Swedish Crown where would our nation be?. I mean for 500 years everyone identified as Swedish even the Finnish population so most likely the term "Finnish" was never used so those who colonized new Sweden where all Swedish with different ethnic backgrounds.
@@Zzrik,
I think I read it someplace in Hancock, Michigan. Most likely at Soumi College (Finlandia University) I was not trying to bash Sweden or any Swedish people. There is a significant population of Finns in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The thing I was reading was just an informative piece about the contributions Finnish people made to the United States. There was nothing negative about Sweden.
I used to live in Mullica Hill, NJ reportedly named after Swedish settler Silas Mulicas.
@@stephenandersen4625
Mullica was originally a Finnish name Mulikka.
New Zealand also to this day 'owns' Tokelau, Niue and the Cook Islands which are all in the "Realm of New Zealand"
Tokelau is a territory, but Niue and the Cook Islands are in "free association" with the Realm of New Zealand. The Ross dependency in Antarctica is another territory in the Realm of New Zealand
Responsibility for them... Also, Pitcairns (UK), Penrhyn, Ross Dependency.
That not a colony
Australia and New Zealand never have a colony
Almost goes without saying, but Siberia wasn’t uninhabited.
And is still a Russian Colony
He ought to have said “sparsely populated” instead.
goes without saying read a book
There are islands of Siberia in the Arctic Ocran that are literally uninhabited, like the infamous Tsar Bomba island in the far west where rumor states that there's a city on such island, but there are more islands off the coast of central Siberia, like the Bolshevik and the October Revolution islands, which are literally uninhabited.
But anyone who tried to go there to colonise it usually got a cold reception.
Well if New Zealand tecnically had a colony then so did South Africa, when they took control over Namibia, and held on to it well passed independence
then so did Brazil, which controlled Uruguay
so did Australia, which controlled papua new guinea, Nauru and possibly timor leste (but dont quote me on that on)
I nearly wanted to comment on that unti I saw yours.
When Hitler suddenly wins local elections in Nambia it becomes more clear that they should have just become ZAs ninth province
@@sodapop1794 lol 😂😂😂
The Norwegian 'colonial' empire is also known as Norgesveldet, if anyone wanted to know a fact for today.
@Jemalo They would have had habited colonies too, but they were under Danish and Swedish rule for so long that they couldn't.
@Jemalo cough cough!! (Greenland) cough cough!
Another fact: the Bouvet island is now a French one...
@@jeanbonnefoy1377 It still remains a part of Norway in 2020 and it probably will be a part of Norway for some time.
@@089roblox1 no. I just annexed it.
Expected Scotland's attempted colonies in Central America to be here tbh!
The South Sea Bubble?
Too soon... Too soon.... ;-)
The fact that Norway actually colonized iceland greenland and the faroe islands, but Denmark formed a union over us, so they get the credit..
undskyld?
When you colonize the biggest island on Earth along with multiple other smaller ones (Greenland, Iceland, the Faroes), be the first Europeans to have a settlement in North America (Vinland), and terrorize Europe for centuries (viking age), but get no credit for it:
n o r w a y
@@consumebees1404 Dude Denmark was the strongest viking and we were the first Vikings known
the danish vikings took over norway before they both took over lands, like, faroe islands, iceland, greenland, vinland, (new foundland???) so.....
@@mikemikkelsen5666
Back then there wasn't concepts of nationality yet, so in the case of my comment Norse people are simply regarded as Scandinavian or Icelandic (who's slightly more Celtic and cold Norway, basically)
Courlands tobago colony didn't fail ,because of natives. As Latvian from documentation we had. Netherlands who also owned part of the island took it.
I like that, you being Portuguese, you never forget Portugal when talking about colonialism like most people do.
He never misses an oportunity to talk about Portugal. Hahaha
Everybody loves their country. I get super excited to see my country in these. Good to know the history
talking about colonialism and forgeting portugal is like doing lemonade with out the lemon
They basically started it all
Portugal is first Colonial nations
Good video! I just wanted to point out that Sweden actually controlled St Barthelemy for close to a hundred years, from 1784-1878
You forgot Australia’s rule over PNG, the Solomon Islands and now most of Antartica and all of Norfolk Island.
USA guano etc hahaha phillipines and so on - definitely japan huge history yeah Arab colonization of Africa interesting etc
Not to mention, Spain and there colonies...
@@pingnick what happened in the philippines?
@@markdelahoya9763 en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans_in_the_Philippines
The people Norfolk Island have a standing protest against the hostile Australian occupation as well as a tent embassy.
I think this video needs a part 2, talking about the empires of USA, Japan, Australia, Scotland, Oman and maybe China
I agree. Good call particularly with the Omani empire, and the Scottish one. Scotland tried to colonise a part of modern day Panama and it went terribly. They all died and it just about bankrupted the country. Good Times.
also Tuscany tried in Venezuela and failed . while Venice and Genoa had their empire in the black sea and eastern mediterranean sea .. so in another continent .
Croatia (Dubrovnik-Ragusa) had colony in India 💪🏻🇭🇷
A way to get cash from colonies: sell them to France or Britain
Or US.
Random European colonizer : "so our colony would be like a start-up"
*Britain , France , Spain etc : "well you see , we are the big businesses then"*
"Courland colonies in Ghana"
Shows a map of Gambia
Details
The fact that some of these nations are actually quite bigger and stronger, makes me think how Portugal stood its colonies the way it did.
Portugal had a colony?
@@howardstern8720 dozens...
Belgium colonising Congo: Not big enough to be a colonial power, too big to be in the lesser-known section.
Same with the US with the Philipines, Cuba, Puerto Rico, etc, and Japan with Korea and Formosa.
I literally thought this when making the list. I was going to include Belgium because it's a small empire but then I thought - no, everyone knows about it already!
@@General.Knowledge but what about USA Colonies?
If Russia was a land based expansion of Empire then you could say the same about the United States of America expanding west like Russia expanded east. Also if Russia is a colonial empire then so is China except they did it much earlier in areas that were not as sparsely populated as Siberia, for the most part.
@@diarllugaliu1943 the USA does have colonies but it isn’t an empire.
You could have mentioned Franz-Josef-Land für Austria (an Archipelago in the Arctic Sea discovered by Austria and now owned by Russia)
True I mean it is even named after an austrian emperor
Great video, but when you mention the main European colonial empires at the beginning, you list Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, Germany and Italy - but you forgot Belgium, which held the Belgian Congo under King Leopold.
No not true, that was ONLY private property of leopold 2, after 1908 when leopold had to give its colony away belgium got it. I mean that leopolds colony wasn't a belgian colony so you schould not call the congo belgian.
@@wafelswafels8613 yeah...but was rule by the belgian king
@@br3menPT True but that doesn't mean begium had anything to do with it. It was his private property not belgiums.
In the same way of the New Zealand Empire, Australia controlled Papua New Guinea, from 1932-1975, and Narau, from 1927-1968.
Today Australia also controls Christmas Island, in the Indian Ocean. the Cocos (or Keeling) Islands and Norfolk Island. All of these are part of Australia, but are given autonomy as Overseas Territories.
Australia also has claims on Antartica, with the Australia Antarctic territory (AAT), but after the Antartica Treaty in 1959, this became inactive.
What you stated in Antarctica is incorrect all nations who claimed land at the time of the Antarctic treaty still claim that land but for research only
Britain: Of course! I'm doing it for research! Definitely research!
Also Britain: Colony, colony, colony, colony, colony. If that's not 'research', I don't know what it is!
Australia’s neighbours in Antarctica recognise its claim. So when your neighbours agree the boundary between you that’s the end of any argument about who own what.
I doubt that any Antarctic claims will ever be recognised but Australia has an undoubted sub-Antarctic territory, the Heard and McDonald Islands; there is also Macquarie island, halfway between New Zealand and Antarctica, which we pretend is part of Tasmania, even having a postcode which makes it seem like a Hobart suburb.
To be fair, the Danish Colonial Empire still exists.
Also some non-european countries (other than Japan) got one, like Oman and Muscat (East African Coast, India, some dispersed Islands), the Ottoman Empire (Parts of Indonesia, Upper Nile, Libya, Crimea, etc..), several Malay states in the Sundanesia Islands, Morrocco and some adventures in Sub-Saharian Africa.
This looks like a good one
Many Westerners complain about Japan's past colonies, but
But when it comes to their own history of colonization, they talk happily.
Do you mean Western Europe?
Japan's imperialism is notoriously known to be accompanied with genocide.
A few years back i wrote an article about the Courland/Latvian colonization attempts in the 17th century. They pretty much only tried a few times, mostly in the Gambia and on the Carabean island of Tobago. Courland had a pretty big fleet at that point in time, so commercially the colonies were somewhat of a succes for a few years.
However the setler colony on Tobago was plagued with... well plagues. Europeans did not fit well into the tropical climate and harsh conditions, and the first few settlements got wiped out after a few years.
I believe the 3rd try on Tobago was a bit more succesful, but that was partially due to the fact the Courish were kind of working together with a Dutch effort to colonize the island at that point.
The colonial attempts of Courland seized to exist after a few decades. The nation got caught up in a massive war between Sweden and Poland, the Duke got captured and the fleet was unable to compete with larger nation in the long term. All Courish settlements were either abandoned or taken over by other colonial powers.
9:57 Incorrect, St. Barths were the longest Swedish colony and existed between 1784-1878 and Guadeloupe were just for one year 1813-1814.
Saint-Barthélemy was controlled by Sweden for 96 years from 1784-1878 and another cool thing was that there capital is called Gustavia named after the Swedish king Gustav III who bought them
I said this because I think he said we only had it for one year
The Austrian was unexpected
He failed to mention that Austria had plans to colonize northern Borneo
2:31 "When you think of early modern empires, your mind wwent off and think of Latvia as being a colonizer"
I honestly never imagined that latvia had colonies. It's really amazing
@@tomaszzalewski4541 Courland could possibly declare its independence, as it is already an autonomous territory.
Uses Indian map in thumbnail
Indians: You have once again provoked our powers
😅😂
@Olivia Addison yeah i was late
I saw this in my recommended and didn’t realize it was released like 5 minutes ago
Fun fact: Norway was the first ever colonial empire, having settlements in Newfoundland in the 1040s.
9:54 The island of Saint Barthelmy was ruled by Sweden between the years 1784-1878 which is closer to 94 years, not 1 year. Their biggest city, Gustavia is even named aver the Swedish king during that period, Gustav III. The island also has several streets with Swedish names, the welcome sign when you arrive has the word "välkommen" which means welcome in English. The coat of arms even includes three crowns as a reference to their Swedish colonial rule.
Cool you have a city name after your king. We named whole countries after our kings. For example Philippines for our king Phillip. And even his wife Maria de Austria got the Mariana Islands.
@@GeorgeVenturi so?
@@GeorgeVenturi you’re country got the name from the romans
Wow! I never knew about Austrian India, despite being Indian. I knew there had been Danish colonies in Nicobar and Serampore, but Austria!? That was unexpected!
there was also a Dutch colony in Issapore (now Ichapur) and in the nearby delta regions in Bengal... There are a few buildings there remaining as well.
what architecture remains?
I think the line is very blurry between European colonialism and "normal" empires. Also many many non-European states could be considered colonizers. For Japan's expansion into Korea, Taiwan and Manchuria was definitely colonial, and on an industrial scale.
The Khedivate of Egypt did take part in the "scramble for Africa" when they colonized present day Sudan and South Sudan. Even the borders of modern day Ethiopia reflect Emperor Meneliks huge territorial expansion that happened during the African scramble era (1878-1904), taking territories belonging to the Oromos, Somalis and many other peoples. In this way Ethiopia did take part in the colonization of Africa. which is still a reflected in the ethnic tensions in the present day country.
Oman was definitely a Middle Eastern colonial Empire in - ruling many coastlines of eastern Africa and western Asia and profiting imensly on on slave trade and traded with spices harvested by slaves - from modern day Pakistan to modern day Mozambique. They also threw out the Portuguese from many areas.
Several Indian states did colonize parts of South East Asia. Was the Ottoman empire a colonial empire? - It ruled many countries a a long way from its core territory, also very far away places such as Aceh in Indonesia and modern day Eritrea in east Africa.
Thanks for the discussion of NZ and Samoa. NZ still had a large Samoan ethnic population and there are still close ties between the two countries. NZ also still had a dependency called Tokelau in the Pacific as well as two associated states called Cook Islands and Niue, which are independent but they look to NZ for defense and foreign policy. They also retain NZ citizenship.
Cook Islands are in for a shock when we show up in our tug boats equipped with our .303's to defend them....we're bringing a butter knife to a nuke fight.
imagine if Malta was a super power and fought in the world wars with it's own colonies as it's allies...
Too much pastizzi
You guys did well in 1564 btw
@@riowarner0617 what? Canada didn't exist then...
@@nurdle cos if you're Maltese 156r defeated the ottomans
YES (i live in malta)
Best Geopolitics/History Channel
Chile annexed Rapa Nui (then called Easter Island/Isla de Pascua) from the kingdom that was sovereign of the island under the mistranslation of a treaty of protection which in spanish said another thing. It's a pretty interesting history the one of Rapa Nui and I would consider that it is an example of colonization by a Latinoamerican country as it is located on another continent which is Polynesia, Oceania. I recommend you reading through the history of the island and specially from their people
It was already called Rapa Nui then, and it's still called Easter Island now. Both names are interchangeable. The island was treated as a colony: it was exploited for cattle herding by a private company though a concession, and the natives were Chilean nationals but not citizens (i.e. had no political rights). This changed in 1966, when the island was fully incorporated as a territory with equal legal status to the rest of Chile.
That island was a legacy of the spanish empire so it cannot be considered a colony
Rapa nui actually a chilian colony...
Rapa Nui wasn't part of the Spanish empire, it was annexed by Chile in 1888
+rep for recognising SMOM, I went there a few years back and was let in by a janitor driving something like a limo. Truely a homie
Poland was trying to set up a colonial outpost in Angola in the 1930s. I think there was even a Polish coffee plantation there. And then there was also one failed attempt of a kind-of-colonial relation with Liberia just somewhere around 1936.
No, they wanted to buy some lands in Angola...but the portuguese government never accepted
I got one for you:
The fact that humans most likely originated somewhere in Ethiopia means that where all basicly Ethiopian colonialist setting up thousands of bases around the planet
Long live the Ethiopian Empire 🇪🇹🇪🇹
Just a joke 😂
🤣🤣🤣🤣
New Zealand still has some additional colonies in Niue, Cook Islands, Tokelau and a claim to Antarctica. Australia also has several colonies. The list was much longer in the early 1900's but still consists of a handful of islands and a claim to Antarctica.
Awsome i love history but i didnt know anything about these colonial empires. Thank you
You're welcome! :)
Australia had colonies too. Papua New Guinea and Nauru were former colonies. PNG being the largest. Australia still owns Norfolk island, cocos (keeling) islands, Christmas Island, and a bunch of other islands. They even governed New Zealand for a bit.
Yeah NZ were just another state of Australia, until we all decided they should be independent state
There was also a short-lived colony of Scotland in Panama. (Darien scheme)
U forgot the empire of Oman Muscat
Saint Barthelemy was Swedish 1784 - 1878 and it's capital is still called Gustavia after the Swedish king at the time (Guadeloupe was formally a year, although 4 years in total 1810-1814)
Interesting topic. Sweden rules at Barthelemy for 100 years not 1. Also what about Japan and Belgium?
Yeah im surprised he didn' mention belgium
@@tetra4289 Belgium is pretty well known.
Japan is pretty well known
I'm so happy someone finally recognized Courland!! Love to our Latvian brothers 🇱🇻❤🇵🇭
At 3:22 you showed "Courland Colonies in Today's Ghana." I think that is a mistake and should in "The Gambia." Besides that, great video! Loved it :)
The ex-Danish colonial buildings in India have just been renovated (reconstructed). An inn, university, church and a fort
Oh I didn't noticed in the news. Maybe it's not so popular in north. The news is full of farmers nowadays
I think you should know New Zealand actually was very into colonialism. Policy makers had ambitions for New Zealand to be the ‘Britain of the south seas’ in a cultural aswell as colonial sense. New Zealand to this day administers cook islands, Nuie and Tokelau with Samoa gaining independence in the 60’s. Not to mention New Zealand’s conquest of Maori held lands in the New Zealand Wars. New Zealand was not only involved with pacific colonialism, it was quite prolific especially for its small size.
Yeah but these days they don't even have their own navy or air force, relying on Australia
@@adamknight5089 new zealand has both of those things
@@clunston Patrol boats and trainer aircraft don't count.
Fun fact colonial empires technicaly still exist because they still have a bunch of island and france has some land in south America
You should check out New Zealand’s Realm countries. The Cook Island 🌴 , Niue 🇳🇺,Tokelau 🇹🇰 and the Ross Dependency in Antarctica 🇦🇶
🇨🇰
Greenland, parts of Scorland, the Faroe Islands, Isle of Man and parts of Sweden used to be controlled by Norway before the colonial era
A Turtle approves these unknown colonial empires.
A idiot aproves the turtle coment
Aren't you forgetting the Darien Expedition by Scotland? It was that that led to the Union and the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain.
Chile annexing Easter Island in 1888: "You know, I'm something of a colonial empire myself".
Sad that you missed this one, though, because unlike most, it was a success and not a short lived initiative. And later in the 60s, Easter Island and the natives gained equal status with the rest of Chile.
This misses anything not European.
That island was a legacy of the spanish empire so it cannot be considered a colony
@@ArcueidBrunestudReal not at all. Easter Island wasn't colonized before. It had been subject to all kind of abuses (enslavement, piracy and more), but no foreign power established permanent presence there. It was first annexed by a foreign power by Chile in 1888, long after Chile had become independent.
@@a2falcone esa isla fue herencia de España. Ya desde la epoca del virreinato del Peru estaba reclama por España. Y por ende sus herederos (Peru y Chile) tenian argumentos para quedarse con la isla
@@a2falcone si no sabes la historia de Chile por favor no escribas de dicho pais. Chile no es un pais imperialista
If General Knowledge formed his own empire it would be the best one of all time
Hey commie
@@porchofgeese_crockpot how rude
@@neutralboi1984 I'm not wrong. Look at his discord server
@@porchofgeese_crockpot how did you get his discord server
@@neutralboi1984 I'm Jotaro Kujo, Why wouldn't I have had his discord server
The Cook Islands are also a colony of New Zealand, and Nauru was shared with Australia and the UK. As Norway, they also claim a part of the Antarctica.
New Zeeland + Australia = Dutch
Very nice video! It was interesting to watch!
I appreciate the irony starting at 7:41 : Maria Theresa founded the Austrian Company of Trieste that tried establishing a gold mining company on the coast - the latter being in... Africa.
“And finally New Zealand”
Me: ‘Sad Polish noises.’
New Zealand still has an oversee territory: niue. Though its very debatable Wether it could be considered a colony but hey
Finally some appreciation for Denmark!
denmark doesn't exist wake up sheeple
I didn't know denmark had a colony in the nicobar islands
yes
Appreciation? We do know colonialism is a bad thing, right?
@@chiarosuburekeni9325 nah its good.
Great Britain has unlocked the achievement "Colony Robber"
Doesnt USA count as a colonial empire? It has had a lot of insular territories at the pacific and at the caribean sea. What about Liberia and Panama Canal Zone?
It was more like Russia and Austria at first, in that the USA was expansionist, but mostly concentrated on claiming contiguous westward regions and pushing against its neighbours (both Canada and Mexico were attacked during the 19th century with an aim on incorporating them into the USA).
Things shifted a lot with the 1898 Spanish-American war which occurred at the height of the "New Imperialism" era. The US took over the foreign colonies of Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines. The same year the USA also annexed Hawaii. These new possessions transformed the US into a European style colonial empire, and one of the bigger ones at that.
The Panama canal zone followed a couple of years later. It was a fairly benign deal by the standards of the time although hypocritical considering the US denied France and Britain the right to their own Suez Canal Zone in Egypt 50 years later.
@@CountScarlioni Dont forget their history with Liberia and the attempted annexation of Santo Domingo.
Few of us would complain if the Puerto Ricans left, but they won't.
Russian outposts in California were set up to supply foodstuffs and other basic necessities to Alaska. When Russians decided it was un-economic, they abandoned their Cali settlements, which paved the way to their disposal of AK.
New Sweden should be mentioned first it was much larger than Cabo Corso (Swedish Gold Coast) and built from scratch (the advisor was Peter Minuit that is famous from buying Manhattan for the Dutch)
Not sure if that factory in India can be called a colony, there was also a factory in Canton by the Swedish East India Company (Ostindiska kompaniet with HQ in Gothenburg, building still standing and is history museum) a fun thing is that the Swedish flag can be seen in contemporary paintings of Canton: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteen_Factories#/media/File:Canton_factories.jpg
3:23 mistake, you probably meant Gambia, not Ghana
Another mistake - Polish flag is upside down, shown this way becomes Indonesia's flag.
@⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻⸻ He's talking about Poland and Polish-Lituanian Commonwealth so it is incorrect no matter what.
*Omani Empire* 🇴🇲. Which had properties in Bahrain, Qatar, United Emirates, Yemen, Iran, Pakistan, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Comoros, Mozambique and Madagascar . It lasted until 1958, when it sold the last of its properties to Pakistan .
*Egyptian Empire* 🇪🇬 , which had possessions in Palestine, Libya, Chad , Eritrea, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, and Uganda . It lasted until 1956.
They are the only two Arab countries that had colonies in the modern history .
sweden had Saint Barthélemy for almost 100 years, 94 to be exact
The colonies of Courland fell as a result of the war between Sweden and the Commonwealth of Both Nations. The natives had very good memories of the rule of vassals of the Republic of Poland and Lithuania, because they were treated on an equal footing with the Lithuanian-Polish nobility. This was a unique phenomenon in the history of colonialism. Unfortunately, Courland did not have the means to support the development of the colonies and to wage war with Sweden at the same time. These colonies were taken over by force by the Dutch and British.
True, Latvians still share some small little cultural things with the natives living there. Both today's Natives and Latvians share a small bit of culture with one another, having same festivals and traditions.
In the future, motivated by the War in Ukraine, Courland could achieve independence and become allies with Poland and Lithuania.
Colonialism was a good thing, the mission to civilize was a valid cause. Change my mind.
Copium
Copium
Here is your "English numeral 1"
fun fact: austria-hungary had a small neighborhood in china, brunei and a small part of malaysia
man I was laying down why did you have to make me get out of bed and stand up for the first minute of this video
0:28 I mean japans economy was pretty heavily influenced by the British, Russian Dutch and Americans
By the Portuguese to!
what?
Only the Economy not the Politics though
@@Pyxlean I mean the economy influences politics
@@user-golos Well Japan adopted the Western Expansion Policy on its own. I might say that after the Meiji restoration the Politics and Economy didn't have much influence from the west
Poland-Lithuania (or more precisely their vassal state Courland and Semigallia) had two colonies in short periods. They were Tobago (New Courland in the years of 1654, 1660-1666, 1668, 1680-1683, 1686-1690, and territorial claims until 1795) and Gambia (1655-1664 with two periods of Dutch occupation in between).
As a New Zealander of predominately European descent please let it be known that I am deeply, deeply ashamed of how my country treated our Samoan brothers and sisters :( colonialism caused the deaths of about a fifth of their population, including by New Zealand’s allowing of the Spanish Flu pandemic to enter the country. It was evil
Fun fact: Hospitaller’s grandmaster at the time of colonization was related to the Emperors of Nicaea that restored Byzantium in 1261
You know, the Emu's had colonized the western part of Australia...
Love how some of South America is apart of Europe.
I was convinced on that earthquake... totally :)
New Zealand invaded SaMOA in 1914, it also has dependencies in the Coolk Islands, Nuie, and Tokelau Islands as well as parts of Antarctica, Sott Base.
It's pretty cool the part of my heritage from my grandpa is Latvian 🇱🇻, but specifically Courland. Where his last name is part the the "Curonian Kings". History and famil history is quite interesting
Czy wy nadal mówicie tam po niemiecku?