My Grandmother used wood ash for planting her carrots. She would sprinkle in the row as she planted her carrot seeds. She grew the biggest and sweetest carrots ever. She would always give me one to munch on as she was pulling them up. Oh how i wish i could grow things the way she did. I am unable to walk now and i miss my gardening so much. Watching you makes me so happy. You do it the wsy i was taught by mt Dad and Grandmother. Thank You Ruth Ann for making an old woman happy and helping me remember my childhood again. ❤❤
I found your channel several days ago and have been watching several of your videos a day for days now. I am learning so much. Thank you for sharing your know how. God bless you and your family.
Unless I have cover, I wait two weeks after my first frost for very tender annuals. They do soo much better when the ground is 60* and above. Love your hard working values and virtues. God is Good all the time.
So I have an abundance of mint and went straight to it… where has this been all my life! It tastes so good and just in time for summer. Thank you for sharing ❤️❤️
I'm not able to garden this year because of health issues, so I'm gardening vicariously through you, Ruthanne. 😊 I think it's a great idea to focus on the blackberries that grow naturally in your area. That's what my grandma, mom and aunts always used to do. I had one aunt who landscape her entire yard with plants she gathered from the woods and growing would on the side of the road. Her yard was gorgeous, too!
As I watched the thought that keep running though my mind was "what a blessing to feel as if I just spent a few mins visiting with a good friend"..your videos are differently blessed. ❤
I love mint tea I grew up on it .I am smiling because I was born and raised in Jamaica and we always drank mint tea hot !! The thinking was if you had a little gas on your stomach hot mint tea would get rid of it !!
Min 17:57. At this point I use to POWDER this potato cuts with wood ashes, to avoid root bugs or any potato desease. Other way Is to dry those cuts a little bit under the sun, to avoid planting them so wet. But ashes are the potato hero.
Ruth Ann, I enjoy your videos so much and get a lot of new ideas on planting the garden from you! The mint tea sound so refreshing and delicious! Thank you for another wonderful video.
I wish you lived in Tennessee, we have a fairly long growing season. Some veggies I can get 2 plantings in. I just love your videos! You are the best of the best!❤
I just found your channel a week or so ago and i have already have learned so much. I feel a beige coming on. God Bless you and your wonderful family. Cant wait to watch another.
Your potatoes are of Maine origin my home state. We plant them every year . 53 years of garden potatoes for us we planted. Blessings on your garden for 2023.
I have been using cattle panels as trellises for 30 years...for peas, tomatoes, cucumbers,pole beans anything that vines it works for...Just need t-posts and post pounder and some bailing wire. Always lift the panels up off the ground about a foot to make it easy to weed or put straw under. For tomatoes I place panels on either side, plant the tomatoes down the center. Make it easy,, place one side of the panels up, plant, water then add the other side of panels...Lift the leaves through the panels every few days...no tomatoes on the ground. Easy to pick, not laying on the ground. Easy to get dried vegetation off essy to store..don't rust.
We are putting in our first garden this year and I'm using you as my inspiration. I get so many good tips and tricks from you and your family. There is just the 2 of us so maybe it won't wear out two oldsters. Thank you again for sharing your family and your life with us. God bless you all!
Thank you for spending time on make such excellent videos. They're very informative and the sprinkling of tips throughout makes all your teaching stick in my brain better. The pet fur around the rabbit munchables is brilliant!!
So anytime to tell you that I found you on TH-cam on my feed and I've been watching you ever since I love all that you do appreciate your videos blessings to you and your family❤
I don't know if I can properly explain our method of potato planting ( it's fast), but here goes. After tilling, mark your row with a string. Stand facing the string, with spade in hand. Decide how deep or how shallow you want to plant. Take a scoop of soil next to the string and wait for someone to place the potato in the hole. Cover the potato with the scoop of dirt on the shovel. You now side step the distance you want your potatoes apart and repeat the process. To make this go fast you discard the first scoop of dirt in each row, then side step, scoop, keep the dirt on the shovel and cover potato in the previous hole. You are side stepping and making the next hole while the potato is being placed in the previous hole. Cover potato and side step again. Once the planter has learned how to place potato quickly you can plant 100 potatoes in under 15 mins. The planter carries a small pail of seed potatoes and refills pail when empty. The planter has to get use to always having a potato in hand and placing them in the bottom of the hole. Try with the older children as planters, first, so little ones can see the routine. Once everyone is familiar with the method, the older children can also be diggers and you get three rows planted at the same time. Because the soil is tilled this is not a strenuous job. If you pack your soil after planting, you just get the planter to step on the covered holes as you go along. I hope this wasn't confusing and that you give it a try. We, as children, were very pleased with ourselves when we learned how to plant quickly and keep up to Dad digging. Of course, also pleased when we got to be the digger. I enjoy your content and how you present it.
In Canada, we can plant with some insulated clear plastic with air bubbles ( I believe bubble wrap should help) ( minni green house)before frost . This can help
You can save a tremendous amount of work in the garden planting potatoes and just about everything else using Ruth Stout's method, in her book Gardening Without Work. I've been using her method for several years. The weeding and watering needs are drastically reduced, and the soil is perpetually built up.
🌺I absolutely loved this video, been going thru many older videos of homesteading and you and your family are such a treasure to watch. Thank you for sharing 💜🌸
Ruth Ann have you thought of a row cover for your brassicas? You could use the bail wrap to do it. Todd Family Farm In Tama, Iowa tried last year and it worked so well that all their potatoes this year they only planted the sprouts. They did to have the potatoes to eat. Contact them if that sounds interesting to you.
i'm only new to your channel and i'm enjoying all your work , my grandma told me the mint stalks give a bitter taste as well , with broccoli i use the stalks quartered and peeled but we steam or lightly boil it in ozzi i think you yanks eat it raw , cheers big ears from down under
Unfortunately, we put wood ash on our garden beds the last couple years and i sent a way for a soil test because my garden seemed to be struggling. I found out the hard way it is usually not a good idea to use wood ash. It can very quickly raise your PH and potassium to very high numbers. It took a lot of amendments to fix my garden soil after that.
Hi there Ruthie, have you heard of Ruth Stout method for potatoes? Loosen soil , press down potatoes, place hay or straw over them so potatoes are covered from sunlight... make sure potatoes that are growing under straw are not exposed to sunlight.. once the plants are tall enough they will be hidden from sunlight❤
I always plant my potatoes 4-6 weeks before last frost. I do plant them at about 6 inches if the come up and we have a frost I cover them with soil !! I hill them under and they’ll be fine. You don’t want to burn your leaves it will set them Bach two weeks !! I always wait til my last frost date to plant my maters cucumbers and peppers. Corn and okra goes in about 4-5 weeks after last frost. They both like warm soil to germinate to com up. Lastly I plant sweet potatoes and melons always 5 -6 weeks after laser frost. If you don’t grow sweet potatoes you should. Easy easy plant to grow. Nothing special. They like the heat ! I pant a spring and fall crop down here in Louisiana ! I hope everything turns out Splenda for you !!
@@Ruthannzimm sweet potatoes maturity is 90-110 days. They can be planted when nighttime temps get above 50 degrees. There are short term available but I have a friend in Sioux Falls South Dakota that has a great harvest every year. He grows Covington and Beauregard varieties They grow them in Canada and Alaska. ! Start your slips inside 2-3 weeks before plant time. Give it a try. I can give you the best way to start slips. All you need is one potato to get started. The vines are really tasty and extremely healthy too. They are way to easy not to try. They can be grown in 10-15 gallon containers.
Ah okra! If only we could grow it in mid-Michigan. If we have a long summer, we can make it, but we don't have enough hot weather to get it really producing. Such a fun crop with the nice flowers.
Question: mint tea prep: my mint grew well this year so I started making mint tea both with and without stems. When i use the stems that i grind up I get a browner tea. I haven’t tasted an aftertaste but now that you mentioned that I will pay more attention. What are the aspects of tea that effect its color? Do you ever make tea concentrate without sugar? How do you use the dehydrated leaves? My tea that I made using dehydrated leaves didn’t taste good. It was weak and watery. I know you are very busy but at some point could you do a video about tea? I have also heard of rose hips tea and raspberry leaf tea. Once again- I tried various methods but my teas were weak. Nicely aromatic but not flavorful. I sure could use some basic pointers.Thank you.
I’m not seeing it either but it was 3 parts water to one part sugar. 12 cups water uses 6 cups fresh leaves. This makes a double concentrate that can be diluted in half.
Do you remember exactly what kind of mint tea you planted? Was it peppermint or spearmint? I am wondering what variety is the plain people's meadow tea they make? Delicious!
When you till up a new section, do you remove any grass and weeds or just leave them and plant directly into it? I was wanting to do this with a grassy area, but I'm not sure how to do it. Do you amend the soil with anything? I have very sandy soil, so do I till in compost or anything before planting? I'm going to try making your tea recipe with stevia leaves. It looks delicious 😋
So thank you Ruthann for the recipe… I was waiting for the tea bags to be added… I will give this a try … can I ask if you guys drink sweet tea … if so is it made with just tea leaves with water and sugar. Thanks again for a great video
Love your stuff! ❤I noticed lots of people asked if it was Peppermint or Spearmint, but at one point you did way Peppermint. Do you ever use honey instead of sugar.
Ruth ann Are those hot boxes in your yard How do you make & what plants do they help? Are hot boxes like a green house or do they harden plants ? Thank you Linda from Ct
Ruthann I have a question. I have watched ALL your videos and I am teaching myself to grow food. Learning by watching your videos and making mistakes. I am in zone 8b and I planted Sweet potatoes April 19th, Harvested today after 90 days. I have 1 large sweet potato and the rest are very small and we're wound in tight tight little clumps. I am guessing my soil was not loose enough? Do you have any advice? Spacing was not the issue.
![BOWKYLION - เจ้านายคะ (work-life imbalance) [Official MV]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/6bFj8G2pOi4/mqdefault.jpg)
My Grandmother used wood ash for planting her carrots. She would sprinkle in the row as she planted her carrot seeds. She grew the biggest and sweetest carrots ever. She would always give me one to munch on as she was pulling them up. Oh how i wish i could grow things the way she did. I am unable to walk now and i miss my gardening so much. Watching you makes me so happy. You do it the wsy i was taught by mt Dad and Grandmother. Thank You Ruth Ann for making an old woman happy and helping me remember my childhood again. ❤❤
All these children barefoot in the garden takes me back to my childhood. ❤❤❤❤
I can’t be the only one with fingers crossed, waiting for RuthAnn to put a cookbook out!
I found your channel several days ago and have been watching several of your videos a day for days now.
I am learning so much.
Thank you for sharing your know how.
God bless you and your family.
You are hilarious 😂 I can so relate to how you have to convince children to work without attitude. Love your methods.
When we were sick, mom would make us a cup of hot mint tea with toast. Still do that for an upset tummy.
I recently found your channel, and have been really enjoying learning about your homesteading. It’s great to see some of your family traditions.
Unless I have cover, I wait two weeks after my first frost for very tender annuals. They do soo much better when the ground is 60* and above. Love your hard working values and virtues. God is Good all the time.
So I have an abundance of mint and went straight to it… where has this been all my life! It tastes so good and just in time for summer. Thank you for sharing ❤️❤️
So easy to dry it and save some for the winter too!
I'm not able to garden this year because of health issues, so I'm gardening vicariously through you, Ruthanne. 😊 I think it's a great idea to focus on the blackberries that grow naturally in your area. That's what my grandma, mom and aunts always used to do. I had one aunt who landscape her entire yard with plants she gathered from the woods and growing would on the side of the road. Her yard was gorgeous, too!
As I watched the thought that keep running though my mind was "what a blessing to feel as if I just spent a few mins visiting with a good friend"..your videos are differently blessed. ❤
Thank you!!!
Yes I totally agree! Sending you all hugs! From Williamsburg Va.
I love mint tea I grew up on it .I am smiling because I was born and raised in Jamaica and we always drank mint tea hot !! The thinking was if you had a little gas on your stomach hot mint tea would get rid of it !!
I drink my mint tea hot also. I like it that way.
My husband always says “God made dirt and dirt don’t hurt!
Grammy always said, “a peck of dirt before you die”! 😂
Min 17:57. At this point I use to POWDER this potato cuts with wood ashes, to avoid root bugs or any potato desease. Other way Is to dry those cuts a little bit under the sun, to avoid planting them so wet. But ashes are the potato hero.
Ruth Ann, I enjoy your videos so much and get a lot of new ideas on planting the garden from you! The mint tea sound so refreshing and delicious! Thank you for another wonderful video.
All the time and all the time God I’d good! God bless!🙏🏻🕊🙌🏻🙌🏻🙌🏻🙌🏻👑🌷🌷🌷🌷💕💕💕
You are blessed with a mother-in-law who is a fountain of wisdom ❤
Love how they use their feet
I wish you lived in Tennessee, we have a fairly long growing season. Some veggies I can get 2 plantings in. I just love your videos! You are the best of the best!❤
You are the channel I’ve been looking for!
I love your videos. Makes me wish I was young again and able to live this lifestyle ❤
I just found your channel a week or so ago and i have already have learned so much. I feel a beige coming on. God Bless you and your wonderful family. Cant wait to watch another.
Welcome aboard! So happy to have you here
Your potatoes are of Maine origin my home state. We plant them every year . 53 years of garden potatoes for us we planted. Blessings on your garden for 2023.
I have been using cattle panels as trellises for 30 years...for peas, tomatoes, cucumbers,pole beans anything that vines it works for...Just need t-posts and post pounder and some bailing wire. Always lift the panels up off the ground about a foot to make it easy to weed or put straw under. For tomatoes I place panels on either side, plant the tomatoes down the center. Make it easy,, place one side of the panels up, plant, water then add the other side of panels...Lift the leaves through the panels every few days...no tomatoes on the ground. Easy to pick, not laying on the ground. Easy to get dried vegetation off essy to store..don't rust.
The net wrap is a great idea. Thank you
Hi RuthAnn and sweet family! I’m so excited to see garden season start.
Your mint tea sounds lovely and refreshing.
Have a blessed night!
You are such a good mom.
Mint tea here I come. Going to make some for freezing. Thank you =-)
I put some wood ash last year around my blueberries and had the best harvest I ever had here!
Hey that’s good to know!!!!
We are putting in our first garden this year and I'm using you as my inspiration. I get so many good tips and tricks from you and your family. There is just the 2 of us so maybe it won't wear out two oldsters. Thank you again for sharing your family and your life with us. God bless you all!
I love garden tea. I have seen it sold at greenhouses labeled apple mint tea. It also makes an amazing ice cream.
Wow, your mint looks fabulous.
Thank you for spending time on make such excellent videos. They're very informative and the sprinkling of tips throughout makes all your teaching stick in my brain better. The pet fur around the rabbit munchables is brilliant!!
Never thought to make mint iced tea like that. My daughter has quite a bit, so I’ll be showing her how to make it. Thank you so much for sharing
Hello 👋 from SE Minnesota. Absolutely enjoy your videos and thank you for sharing your mint tea recipe 😊 I'll be trying it far sure.
So anytime to tell you that I found you on TH-cam on my feed and I've been watching you ever since I love all that you do appreciate your videos blessings to you and your family❤
Thank you!!!
I don't know if I can properly explain our method of potato planting ( it's fast), but here goes.
After tilling, mark your row with a string.
Stand facing the string, with spade in hand. Decide how deep or how shallow you want to plant. Take a scoop of soil next to the string and wait for someone to place the potato in the hole. Cover the potato with the scoop of dirt on the shovel. You now side step the distance you want your potatoes apart and repeat the process.
To make this go fast you discard the first scoop of dirt in each row, then side step, scoop, keep the dirt on the shovel and cover potato in the previous hole. You are side stepping and making the next hole while the potato is being placed in the previous hole. Cover potato and side step again.
Once the planter has learned how to place potato quickly you can plant 100 potatoes in under 15 mins.
The planter carries a small pail of seed potatoes and refills pail when empty. The planter has to get use to always having a potato in hand and placing them in the bottom of the hole. Try with the older children as planters, first, so little ones can see the routine.
Once everyone is familiar with the method, the older children can also be diggers and you get three rows planted at the same time.
Because the soil is tilled this is not a strenuous job.
If you pack your soil after planting, you just get the planter to step on the covered holes as you go along.
I hope this wasn't confusing and that you give it a try.
We, as children, were very pleased with ourselves when we learned how to plant quickly and keep up to Dad digging. Of course, also pleased when we got to be the digger.
I enjoy your content and how you present it.
Enjoyed how you do you potatoes. Most of all I enjoyed the kids out playing and helping you. :)
I love watching your videos because you are so knowledgeable and I do not have a green thumb! You enjoy what you do and it blesses me, thank you!!
What a beautiful life...
Hi from New Zealand! I’m loving all of your videos. Your a very inspiring women ☺️
Thank you!!!
In Canada, we can plant with some insulated clear plastic with air bubbles ( I believe bubble wrap should help) ( minni green house)before frost . This can help
You can save a tremendous amount of work in the garden planting potatoes and just about everything else using Ruth Stout's method, in her book Gardening Without Work. I've been using her method for several years. The weeding and watering needs are drastically reduced, and the soil is perpetually built up.
I'm at 6000ft in Idaho . I'm excited that my garlic is peeking out as my snow melts
🌺I absolutely loved this video, been going thru many older videos of homesteading and you and your family are such a treasure to watch. Thank you for sharing 💜🌸
You work so hard I hope your family appreciates you. You deserve to have all the good things God knows you definitely work hard enough 😊
At the end, love Kendrick's "watch this mom" just before he shoots and makes a basket! ❤
Your diction on certain words is so beautiful……words with “oi” are especially interesting. Soil, boil, oil, fascinating.
Ruth Ann have you thought of a row cover for your brassicas? You could use the bail wrap to do it.
Todd Family Farm In Tama, Iowa tried last year and it worked so well that all their potatoes this year they only planted the sprouts.
They did to have the potatoes to eat. Contact them if that sounds interesting to you.
I still have my mom’s plants in my yard…..what a nice treat!😊
All the time...thanks 😊
MEMORIES ❤GOD IS GOOD
Love love love your videos. I always feel comforted and relaxed after watching them
Love the way you measure the distance between potatoes
Use cattle panel as a trellis. They can stay in the garden or easily be moved.
I love mint tea. You have a lot of help in the garden. You have good space for growing.
I just found your channel. Thank you your showing us good things without freaking out over dirt or raw eggs!
God IS good ….and so is gardening 👩🌾
I use wood ash around snail infested areas. They hate it.
i'm only new to your channel and i'm enjoying all your work , my grandma told me the mint stalks give a bitter taste as well , with broccoli i use the stalks quartered and peeled but we steam or lightly boil it in ozzi i think you yanks eat it raw , cheers big ears from down under
This is so wonderful! Your the Best! We enjoy your Videos!
Put some comfrey at plants.
Thank you for another wonderful video ❤
What a glorious sunset!
Awesome 🙏 informational video 🙏 and tips 👌 😀 👏 👍 😎
Unfortunately, we put wood ash on our garden beds the last couple years and i sent a way for a soil test because my garden seemed to be struggling. I found out the hard way it is usually not a good idea to use wood ash. It can very quickly raise your PH and potassium to very high numbers. It took a lot of amendments to fix my garden soil after that.
I always wait till after mothers day...I always have the best luck
God is good ... all the time :)
Beautiful and that sounds refreshing
Blessings dear
Amen! Yes He is! :) Amen my sister in Christ.
Hi there Ruthie, have you heard of Ruth Stout method for potatoes? Loosen soil , press down potatoes, place hay or straw over them so potatoes are covered from sunlight... make sure potatoes that are growing under straw are not exposed to sunlight.. once the plants are tall enough they will be hidden from sunlight❤
Yep potatoes regrew from year before that IV planted.
Great recipe
Your mint is so robust. Mine has smaller leaves and grows close to the ground, but it has a great flavor. I just got it at the grocery!
Yes there are so many different varieties of mint.
I have learned a lot from you.
GOD MADE DIRT AND DIRT DON'T HURT...LOL🤣PLUS THAT'S WHAT HE MADE US FROM🤣🤣🤣🤣I HAVE TO TRY THIS😇
That’s so funny my son says it’s a thing God made dirt and dirt don’t hurt.
I always plant my potatoes 4-6 weeks before last frost. I do plant them at about 6 inches if the come up and we have a frost I cover them with soil !! I hill them under and they’ll be fine. You don’t want to burn your leaves it will set them Bach two weeks !! I always wait til my last frost date to plant my maters cucumbers and peppers. Corn and okra goes in about 4-5 weeks after last frost. They both like warm soil to germinate to com up. Lastly I plant sweet potatoes and melons always 5 -6 weeks after laser frost. If you don’t grow sweet potatoes you should. Easy easy plant to grow. Nothing special. They like the heat ! I pant a spring and fall crop down here in Louisiana ! I hope everything turns out Splenda for you !!
We won’t get sweet potatoes and melons if we wait that long to plant. Our growing season is very short!!
@@Ruthannzimm sweet potatoes maturity is 90-110 days. They can be planted when nighttime temps get above 50 degrees. There are short term available but I have a friend in Sioux Falls South Dakota that has a great harvest every year. He grows Covington and Beauregard varieties They grow them in Canada and Alaska. ! Start your slips inside 2-3 weeks before plant time. Give it a try. I can give you the best way to start slips. All you need is one potato to get started. The vines are really tasty and extremely healthy too. They are way to easy not to try. They can be grown in 10-15 gallon containers.
Ah okra! If only we could grow it in mid-Michigan. If we have a long summer, we can make it, but we don't have enough hot weather to get it really producing. Such a fun crop with the nice flowers.
The Mennonite Community I once belonged to called it “ Meadow Tea.”❤
Question: mint tea prep: my mint grew well this year so I started making mint tea both with and without stems. When i use the stems that i grind up I get a browner tea. I haven’t tasted an aftertaste but now that you mentioned that I will pay more attention. What are the aspects of tea that effect its color? Do you ever make tea concentrate without sugar? How do you use the dehydrated leaves? My tea that I made using dehydrated leaves didn’t taste good. It was weak and watery. I know you are very busy but at some point could you do a video about tea? I have also heard of rose hips tea and raspberry leaf tea. Once again- I tried various methods but my teas were weak. Nicely aromatic but not flavorful. I sure could use some basic pointers.Thank you.
Min 13:11 Cats love to be arround mint leaves and they may pee. 😢
My screen is showing an incomplete video description, so I don’t see the tea recipe! It sounds delightful. 😊
I’m not seeing it either but it was 3 parts water to one part sugar. 12 cups water uses 6 cups fresh leaves. This makes a double concentrate that can be diluted in half.
I just fixed it for you!!! Sorry about that!$
God is good, all the time, Gos is good!
👋 hi, how 🤔 are you doing today? Do you planting with the moon 🌙 circle, or do just plant whenever 🤔?
Do you remember exactly what kind of mint tea you planted? Was it peppermint or spearmint? I am wondering what variety is the plain people's meadow tea they make? Delicious!
Beautiful , informative videos.
I would love to find a way to battle potatoes bugs. Any body know a good home remedy?
Yup
Thank for another inspiring video! Your mint looked so good, do you grow peppermint or spearmint or does it matter?
When you till up a new section, do you remove any grass and weeds or just leave them and plant directly into it?
I was wanting to do this with a grassy area, but I'm not sure how to do it. Do you amend the soil with anything? I have very sandy soil, so do I till in compost or anything before planting?
I'm going to try making your tea recipe with stevia leaves. It looks delicious 😋
GOD is good all the time!
So thank you Ruthann for the recipe… I was waiting for the tea bags to be added… I will give this a try … can I ask if you guys drink sweet tea … if so is it made with just tea leaves with water and sugar. Thanks again for a great video
Love your stuff! ❤I noticed lots of people asked if it was Peppermint or Spearmint, but at one point you did way Peppermint. Do you ever use honey instead of sugar.
Ruth ann
Are those hot boxes in your yard
How do you make & what plants do they help?
Are hot boxes like a green house or do they harden plants ?
Thank you
Linda from Ct
MOTION ACTIVATED SPRINKLER-4 CRITTERS
I thought raspberries liked acidic soil
💪🏻
Wondering what kind of Mint were you picking? Did you say Peppermint? I have some wonderful spearmint growing…I’m thinking of mixing the two
I’m not sure that I heard what kind of mint you used, does it matter? Peppermint? Spearmint?
Doesn’t matter!!!
The netting caught birds in my garden so I went back to chicken wire, I hope your net stays very tight to protect all of God's creatures. :)
Ruthann I have a question. I have watched ALL your videos and I am teaching myself to grow food. Learning by watching your videos and making mistakes. I am in zone 8b and I planted Sweet potatoes April 19th, Harvested today after 90 days. I have 1 large sweet potato and the rest are very small and we're wound in tight tight little clumps. I am guessing my soil was not loose enough? Do you have any advice? Spacing was not the issue.